The so-called white [leprosy] shows the difference between assimilation and adhesion, in the same way that the kind of dropsy which some people call anasarca clearly distinguishes presentation from adhesion. For, of course, the genesis of such a dropsy does not come about as do some of the conditions of atrophy6 and wasting, from an insufficient7 supply of moisture; the flesh is obviously moist enough — in fact it is thoroughly8 saturated9 — and each of the solid parts of the body is in a similar condition. While, however, the nutriment conveyed to the part does undergo presentation, it is still too watery10, and is not properly transformed into a juice, nor has it acquired that viscous11 and agglutinative quality which results from the operation of innate12 heat; therefore, adhesion cannot come about, since, owing to this abundance of thin, crude liquid, the pabulum runs off and easily slips away from the solid parts of the body. In white [leprosy], again, there is adhesion of the nutriment but no real assimilation. From this it is clear that what I have just said is correct, namely, that in that part which is to be nourished there must first occur presentation, next adhesion, and finally assimilation proper.
Strictly13 speaking, then, nutriment is that which is actually nourishing, while the quasi-nutriment which is not yet nourishing (e.g. matter which is undergoing adhesion or presentation) is not, strictly speaking, nutriment, but is so called only by an equivocation14. Also, that which is still contained in the veins15, and still more, that which is in the stomach, from the fact that it is destined to nourish if properly elaborated, has been called “nutriment.” Similarly we call the various kinds of food “nutriment,” not because they are already nourishing the animal, nor because they exist in the same state as the material which actually is nourishing it, but because they are able and destined to nourish it if they be properly elaborated.
This was also what Hippocrates said, viz., “Nutriment is what is engaged in nourishing, as also is quasi-nutriment, and what is destined to be nutriment.” For to that which is already being assimilated he gave the name of nutriment; to the similar material which is being presented or becoming adherent16, the name of quasi-nutriment; and to everything else — that is, contained in the stomach and veins — the name of destined nutriment.
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1 previously | |
adv.以前,先前(地) | |
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2 nourishment | |
n.食物,营养品;营养情况 | |
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3 destined | |
adj.命中注定的;(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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4 vessels | |
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人 | |
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5 dispersed | |
adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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6 atrophy | |
n./v.萎缩,虚脱,衰退 | |
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7 insufficient | |
adj.(for,of)不足的,不够的 | |
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8 thoroughly | |
adv.完全地,彻底地,十足地 | |
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9 saturated | |
a.饱和的,充满的 | |
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10 watery | |
adj.有水的,水汪汪的;湿的,湿润的 | |
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11 viscous | |
adj.粘滞的,粘性的 | |
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12 innate | |
adj.天生的,固有的,天赋的 | |
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13 strictly | |
adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地 | |
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14 equivocation | |
n.模棱两可的话,含糊话 | |
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15 veins | |
n.纹理;矿脉( vein的名词复数 );静脉;叶脉;纹理 | |
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16 adherent | |
n.信徒,追随者,拥护者 | |
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