Put together, therefore, the two facts — that the arteries have this motion, and that everything, when it dilates6, draws neighbouring matter into itself — and you will find nothing strange in the fact that those arteries which reach the skin draw in the outer air when they dilate, while those which anastomose at any point with the veins7 attract the thinnest and most vaporous part of the blood which these contain, and as for those arteries which are near the heart, it is on the heart itself that they exert their traction8. For, by virtue of the tendency by which a vacuum becomes refilled, the lightest and thinnest part obeys the tendency before that which is heavier and thicker. Now the lightest and thinnest of anything in the body is firstly pneuma, secondly9 vapour, and in the third place that part of the blood which has been accurately10 elaborated and refined.
These, then, are what the arteries draw into themselves on every side; those arteries which reach the skin draw in the outer air (this being near them and one of the lightest of things); as to the other arteries, those which pass up from the heart into the neck, and that which lies along the spine11, as also such arteries as are near these — draw mostly from the heart itself; and those which are farther from the heart and skin necessarily draw the lightest part of the blood out of the veins. So also the traction exercised by the diastole of the arteries which go to the stomach and intestines12 takes place at the expense of the heart itself and the numerous veins in its neighbourhood; for these arteries cannot get anything worth speaking of from the thick heavy nutriment contained in the intestines and stomach, since they first become filled with lighter13 elements. For if you let down a tube into a vessel14 full of water and sand, and suck the air out of the tube with your mouth, the sand cannot come up to you before the water, for in accordance with the principle of the refilling of a vacuum the lighter matter is always the first to succeed to the evacuation.
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1 treatises | |
n.专题著作,专题论文,专著( treatise的名词复数 ) | |
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2 arteries | |
n.动脉( artery的名词复数 );干线,要道 | |
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3 derives | |
v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取 | |
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4 virtue | |
n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力 | |
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5 dilate | |
vt.使膨胀,使扩大 | |
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6 dilates | |
v.(使某物)扩大,膨胀,张大( dilate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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7 veins | |
n.纹理;矿脉( vein的名词复数 );静脉;叶脉;纹理 | |
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8 traction | |
n.牵引;附着摩擦力 | |
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9 secondly | |
adv.第二,其次 | |
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10 accurately | |
adv.准确地,精确地 | |
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11 spine | |
n.脊柱,脊椎;(动植物的)刺;书脊 | |
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12 intestines | |
n.肠( intestine的名词复数 ) | |
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13 lighter | |
n.打火机,点火器;驳船;v.用驳船运送;light的比较级 | |
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14 vessel | |
n.船舶;容器,器皿;管,导管,血管 | |
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