A generation of vipers2 destroying their own parent and base offspring of the ungrateful cuckoo, who when he has grown strong slays3 his nurse, the giver of his strength, are degenerate4 clerks with regard to books. Bring it again to mind and consider faithfully what ye receive through books, and ye will find that books are as it were the creators of your distinction, without which other favourers would have been wanting.
In sooth, while still untrained and helpless ye crept up to us, ye spake as children, ye thought as children, ye cried as children and begged to be made partakers of our milk. But we being straightway moved by your tears gave you the breast of grammar to suck, which ye plied5 continually with teeth and tongue, until ye lost your native barbarousness and learned to speak with our tongues the mighty6 things of God. And next we clad you with the goodly garments of philosophy, rhetoric7 and dialectic, of which we had and have a store, while ye were naked as a tablet to be painted on. For all the household of philosophy are clothed with garments, that the nakedness and rawness of the intellect may be covered. After this, providing you with the fourfold wings of the quadrivials that ye might be winged like the seraphs and so mount above the cherubim, we sent you to a friend at whose door, if only ye importunately8 knocked, ye might borrow the three loaves of the Knowledge of the Trinity, in which consists the final felicity of every sojourner9 below. Nay10, if ye deny that ye had these privileges, we boldly declare that ye either lost them by your carelessness, or that through your sloth11 ye spurned12 them when offered to you. If these things seem but a light matter to you, we will add yet greater things. Ye are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy race, ye are a peculiar13 people chosen into the lot of God, ye are priests and ministers of God, nay, ye are called the very Church of God, as though the laity14 were not to be called churchmen. Ye, being preferred to the laity, sing psalms15 and hymns16 in the chancel, and, serving the altar and living by the altar, make the true body of Christ, wherein God Himself has honoured you not only above the laity, but even a little higher than the angels. For to whom of His angels has He said at any time: Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedech? Ye dispense17 the patrimony18 of the crucified one to the poor, wherein it is required of stewards19 that a man be found faithful. Ye are shepherds of the Lord’s flock, as well in example of life as in the word of doctrine20, which is bound to repay you with milk and wool.
Who are the givers of all these things, O clerks? Is it not books? Do ye remember therefore, we pray, how many and how great liberties and privileges are bestowed21 upon the clergy through us? In truth, taught by us who are the vessels22 of wisdom and intellect, ye ascend23 the teacher’s chair and are called of men Rabbi. By us ye become marvellous in the eyes of the laity, like great lights in the world, and possess the dignities of the Church according to your various stations. By us, while ye still lack the first down upon your cheeks, ye are established in your early years and bear the tonsure25 on your heads, while the dread26 sentence of the Church is heard: Touch not mine anointed and do my prophets no harm, and he who has rashly touched them let him forthwith by his own blow be smitten28 violently with the wound of an anathema29. At length yielding your lives to wickedness, reaching the two paths of Pythagoras, ye choose the left branch, and going backward ye let go the lot of God which ye had first assumed, becoming companions of thieves. And thus ever going from bad to worse, dyed with theft and murder and manifold impurities30, your fame and conscience stained by sins, at the bidding of justice ye are confined in manacles and fetters31, and are kept to be punished by a most shameful32 death. Then your friend is put far away, nor is there any to mourn your lot. Peter swears that he knows not the man: the people cry to the judge: Crucify, crucify Him! If thou let this man go, thou act not Caesar’s friend. Now all refuge has perished, for ye must stand before the judgment33-seat, and there is no appeal, but only hanging is in store for you. While the wretched man’s heart is thus filled with woe34 and only the sorrowing Muses35 bedew their cheeks with tears, in his strait is heard on every side the wailing36 appeal to us, and to avoid the danger of impending37 death he shows the slight sign of the ancient tonsure which we bestowed upon him, begging that we may be called to his aid and bear witness to the privilege bestowed upon him. Then straightway touched with pity we run to meet the prodigal38 son and snatch the fugitive39 slave from the gates of death. The book he has not forgotten is handed to him to be read, and while with lips stammering40 with fear he reads a few words, the power of the judge is loosed, the accuser is withdrawn41, and death is put to flight. O marvellous virtue42 of an empiric verse! O saving antidote43 of dreadful ruin! O precious reading of the psalter, which for this alone deserves to be called the book of life! Let the laity undergo the judgment of the secular44 arm, that either sewn up in sacks they may be carried out to Neptune45, or planted in the earth may fructify46 for Pluto47, or may be offered amid the flames as a fattened48 holocaust49 to Vulcan, or at least may be hung up as a victim to Juno: while our nursling at a single reading of the book of life is handed over to the custody50 of the Bishop51, and rigour is changed to favour, and the forum52 being transferred from the laity, death is routed by the clerk who is the nursling of books.
But now let us speak of the clerks who are vessels of virtue. Which of you about to preach ascends53 the pulpit or the rostrum without in some way consulting us? Which of you enters the schools to teach or to dispute without relying upon our support? First of all, it behoves you to eat the book with Ezechiel, that the belly54 of your memory may be sweetened within, and thus as with the panther refreshed, to whose breath all beasts and cattle long to approach, the sweet savour of the spices it has eaten may shed a perfume without. Thus our nature secretly working in our own, listeners hasten up gladly, as the load-stone draws the iron nothing loth. What an infinite host of books lie at Paris or Athens, and at the same time resound55 in Britain and in Rome! In truth, while resting they yet move, and while retaining their own places they are carried about every way to the minds of listeners. Finally, by the knowledge of literature, we establish Priests, Bishops56, Cardinals57, and the Pope, that all things in the ecclesiastical hierarchy58 may be fitly disposed. For it is from books that everything of good that befalls the clerical condition takes its origin. But let this suffice: for it pains us to recall what we have bestowed upon the degenerate clergy, because whatever gifts are distributed to the ungrateful seem to be lost rather than bestowed.
Let us next dwell a little on the recital59 of the wrongs with which they requite60 us, the contempts and cruelties of which we cannot recite an example in each kind, nay, scarcely the main classes of the several wrongs. In the first place, we are expelled by force and arms from the homes of the clergy, which are ours by hereditary61 right, who were used to have cells of quietness in the inner chamber62, but, alas63! in these unhappy times we are altogether exiled, suffering poverty without the gates. For our places are seized now by dogs, now by hawks64, now by that biped beast whose cohabitation with the clergy was forbidden of old, from which we have always taught our nurslings to flee more than from the asp and the cockatrice; wherefore she, always jealous of the love of us, and never to be appeased65, at length seeing us in some corner protected only by the web of some dead spider, with a frown abuses and reviles66 us with bitter words, declaring us alone of all the furniture in the house to be unnecessary, and complaining that we are useless for any household purpose, and advises that we should speedily be converted into rich caps, sendal and silk and twice-dyed purple, robes and furs, wool and linen67: and, indeed, not without reason, if she could see our inmost hearts, if she had listened to our secret counsels, if she had read the book of Theophrastus or Valerius, or only heard the twenty-fifth chapter of Ecclesiasticus with understanding ears.
And hence it is that we have to mourn for the homes of which we have been unjustly robbed; and as to our coverings, not that they have not been given to us, but that the coverings anciently given to us have been torn by violent hands, insomuch that our soul is bowed down to the dust, our belly cleaveth unto the earth. We suffer from various diseases, enduring pains in our backs and sides; we lie with our limbs unstrung by palsy, and there is no man who layeth it to heart, and no man who provides a mollifying plaster. Our native whiteness that was clear with light has turned to dun and yellow, so that no leech68 who should see us would doubt that we are diseased with jaundice. Some of us are suffering from gout, as our twisted extremities69 plainly show. The smoke and dust by which we are continuously plagued have dulled the keenness of our visual rays, and are now infecting our bleared eyes with ophthalmia. Within we are devoured70 by the fierce gripings of our entrails, which hungry worms cease not to gnaw71, and we undergo the corruption72 of the two Lazaruses, nor is there anyone to anoint us with balm of cedar73, nor to cry to us who have been four days dead and already stink74, Lazarus come forth27! No healing drug is bound around our cruel wounds, which are so atrociously inflicted75 upon the innocent, and there is none to put a plaster upon our ulcers76; but ragged77 and shivering we are flung away into dark corners, or in tears take our place with holy Job upon his dunghill, or — too horrible to relate — are buried in the depths of the common sewers78. The cushion is withdrawn that should support our evangelical sides, which ought to have the first claim upon the incomes of the clergy, and the common necessaries of life thus be for ever provided for us, who are entrusted79 to their charge.
Again, we complain of another sort of injury which is too often unjustly inflicted upon our persons. We are sold for bondmen and bondwomen, and lie as hostages in taverns80 with no one to redeem81 us. We fall a prey82 to the cruel shambles83, where we see sheep and cattle slaughtered84 not without pious85 tears, and where we die a thousand times from such terrors as might frighten even the brave. We are handed over to Jews, Saracens, heretics and infidels, whose poison we always dread above everything, and by whom it is well known that some of our parents have been infected with pestiferous venom86. In sooth, we who should be treated as masters in the sciences, and bear rule over the mechanics who should be subject to us, are instead handed over to the government of subordinates, as though some supremely87 noble monarch88 should be trodden under foot by rustic89 heels. Any seamster or cobbler or tailor or artificer of any trade keeps us shut up in prison for the luxurious90 and wanton pleasures of the clergy.
Now we would pursue a new kind of injury by which we suffer alike in person and in fame, the dearest thing we have. Our purity of race is diminished every day, while new authors’ names are imposed upon us by worthless compilers, translators, and transformers, and losing our ancient nobility, while we are reborn in successive generations, we become wholly degenerate; and thus against our will the name of some wretched stepfather is affixed91 to us, and the sons are robbed of the names of their true fathers. The verses of Virgil, while he was yet living, were claimed by an impostor; and a certain Fidentinus mendaciously92 usurped93 the works of Martial94, whom Martial thus deservedly rebuked95:
“The book you read is, Fidentinus! mine,
Though read so badly, ‘t well may pass for thine!”
What marvel24, then, if when our authors are dead clerical apes use us to make broad their phylacteries, since even while they are alive they try to seize us as soon as we are published? Ah! how often ye pretend that we who are ancient are but lately born, and try to pass us off as sons who are really fathers, calling us who have made you clerks the production of your studies. Indeed, we derived96 our origin from Athens, though we are now supposed to be from Rome; for Carmentis was always the pilferer97 of Cadmus, and we who were but lately born in England, will to-morrow be born again in Paris; and thence being carried to Bologna, will obtain an Italian origin, based upon no affinity98 of blood. Alas! how ye commit us to treacherous99 copyists to be written, how corruptly100 ye read us and kill us by medication, while ye supposed ye were correcting us with pious zeal101. Oftentimes we have to endure barbarous interpreters, and those who are ignorant of foreign idioms presume to translate us from one language into another; and thus all propriety102 of speech is lost and our sense is shamefully103 mutilated contrary to the meaning of the author! Truly noble would have been the condition of books if it had not been for the presumption104 of the tower of Babel, if but one kind of speech had been transmitted by the whole human race.
We will add the last clause of our long lament105, though far too short for the materials that we have. For in us the natural use is changed to that which is against nature, while we who are the light of faithful souls everywhere fall a prey to painters knowing nought106 of letters, and are entrusted to goldsmiths to become, as though we were not sacred vessels of wisdom, repositories of gold-leaf. We fall undeservedly into the power of laymen107, which is more bitter to us than any death, since they have sold our people for nought, and our enemies themselves are our judges.
It is clear from what we have said what infinite invectives we could hurl108 against the clergy, if we did not think of our own reputation. For the soldier whose campaigns are over venerates109 his shield and arms, and grateful Corydon shows regard for his decaying team, harrow, flail110 and mattock, and every manual artificer for the instruments of his craft; it is only the ungrateful cleric who despises and neglects those things which have ever been the foundation of his honours.
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1
clergy
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| n.[总称]牧师，神职人员 | |
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vipers
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| n.蝰蛇( viper的名词复数 )；毒蛇；阴险恶毒的人；奸诈者 | |
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slays
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的第三人称单数 ) | |
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degenerate
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| v.退步，堕落；adj.退步的，堕落的；n.堕落者 | |
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plied
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的过去式和过去分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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rhetoric
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| n.修辞学，浮夸之言语 | |
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importunately
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sojourner
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| n.旅居者，寄居者 | |
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10
nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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sloth
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| n.[动]树懒；懒惰，懒散 | |
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spurned
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| v.一脚踢开，拒绝接受( spurn的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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laity
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| n.俗人；门外汉 | |
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psalms
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| n.赞美诗( psalm的名词复数 )；圣诗；圣歌；(中的) | |
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hymns
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| n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌( hymn的名词复数 ) | |
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dispense
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| vt.分配，分发；配(药)，发(药)；实施 | |
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patrimony
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| n.世袭财产，继承物 | |
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stewards
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| （轮船、飞机等的）乘务员( steward的名词复数 )； （俱乐部、旅馆、工会等的）管理员； （大型活动的）组织者； （私人家中的）管家 | |
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doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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marvel
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| vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异；n.令人惊异的事 | |
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tonsure
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| n.削发；v.剃 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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smitten
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| 猛打，重击，打击( smite的过去分词 ) | |
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anathema
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| n.诅咒；被诅咒的人(物)，十分讨厌的人(物) | |
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impurities
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| 不纯( impurity的名词复数 )； 不洁； 淫秽； 杂质 | |
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fetters
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| n.脚镣( fetter的名词复数 )；束缚v.给…上脚镣，束缚( fetter的第三人称单数 ) | |
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shameful
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| adj.可耻的，不道德的 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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muses
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的第三人称单数 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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wailing
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| v.哭叫，哀号( wail的现在分词 )；沱 | |
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impending
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| a.imminent, about to come or happen | |
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prodigal
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| adj.浪费的，挥霍的，放荡的 | |
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fugitive
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| adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者 | |
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stammering
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| v.结巴地说出( stammer的现在分词 ) | |
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withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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antidote
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| n.解毒药，解毒剂 | |
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44
secular
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| n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的 | |
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Neptune
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| n.海王星 | |
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fructify
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| v.结果实；使土地肥沃 | |
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Pluto
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| n.冥王星 | |
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fattened
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| v.喂肥( fatten的过去式和过去分词 )；养肥（牲畜）；使（钱）增多；使（公司）升值 | |
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holocaust
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| n.大破坏；大屠杀 | |
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custody
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| n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留 | |
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bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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forum
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| n.论坛，讨论会 | |
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ascends
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的第三人称单数 ) | |
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belly
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| n.肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛 | |
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resound
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| v.回响 | |
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bishops
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| （基督教某些教派管辖大教区的）主教( bishop的名词复数 )； （国际象棋的）象 | |
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cardinals
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| 红衣主教( cardinal的名词复数 )； 红衣凤头鸟（见于北美，雄鸟为鲜红色）； 基数 | |
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hierarchy
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| n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层 | |
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recital
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| n.朗诵，独奏会，独唱会 | |
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requite
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| v.报酬，报答 | |
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hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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hawks
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| 鹰( hawk的名词复数 )； 鹰派人物，主战派人物 | |
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appeased
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| 安抚，抚慰( appease的过去式和过去分词 )； 绥靖（满足另一国的要求以避免战争） | |
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reviles
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| v.辱骂，痛斥( revile的第三人称单数 ) | |
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linen
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| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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leech
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| n.水蛭，吸血鬼，榨取他人利益的人；vt.以水蛭吸血；vi.依附于别人 | |
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extremities
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| n.端点( extremity的名词复数 )；尽头；手和足；极窘迫的境地 | |
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devoured
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| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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gnaw
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| v.不断地啃、咬；使苦恼，折磨 | |
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corruption
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| n.腐败，堕落，贪污 | |
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cedar
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| n.雪松，香柏(木) | |
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stink
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| vi.发出恶臭；糟透，招人厌恶；n.恶臭 | |
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inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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ulcers
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| n.溃疡( ulcer的名词复数 )；腐烂物；道德败坏；腐败 | |
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ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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sewers
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| n.阴沟，污水管，下水道( sewer的名词复数 ) | |
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entrusted
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| v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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taverns
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| n.小旅馆，客栈，酒馆( tavern的名词复数 ) | |
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redeem
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| v.买回，赎回，挽回，恢复，履行（诺言等） | |
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prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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shambles
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| n.混乱之处；废墟 | |
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84
slaughtered
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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venom
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| n.毒液，恶毒，痛恨 | |
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supremely
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| adv.无上地，崇高地 | |
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monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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rustic
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| adj.乡村的，有乡村特色的；n.乡下人，乡巴佬 | |
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luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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affixed
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| adj.[医]附着的，附着的v.附加( affix的过去式和过去分词 )；粘贴；加以；盖（印章） | |
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mendaciously
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usurped
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| 篡夺，霸占( usurp的过去式和过去分词 )； 盗用； 篡夺，篡权 | |
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martial
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| adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的 | |
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rebuked
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| 责难或指责( rebuke的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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pilferer
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| n.小偷 | |
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affinity
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| n.亲和力，密切关系 | |
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treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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corruptly
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| 腐败（堕落）地，可被收买的 | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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102
propriety
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| n.正当行为；正当；适当 | |
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103
shamefully
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| 可耻地； 丢脸地； 不体面地； 羞耻地 | |
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presumption
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| n.推测，可能性，冒昧，放肆，[法律]推定 | |
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lament
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| n.悲叹，悔恨，恸哭；v.哀悼，悔恨，悲叹 | |
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nought
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| n.／adj.无，零 | |
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laymen
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| 门外汉，外行人( layman的名词复数 )； 普通教徒（有别于神职人员） | |
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hurl
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| vt.猛投，力掷，声叫骂 | |
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venerates
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| 敬重（某人或某事物），崇敬( venerate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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flail
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| v.用连枷打；击打；n.连枷（脱粒用的工具） | |
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