Some boundless3 contiguity4 of shade,
Where rumour5 of oppression and deceit,
Of unsuccessful or successful war,
Might never reach me more! My ear is pained,
My soul is sick with every day’s report
Of wrong and outrage6 with which earth is filled.
There is no flesh in man’s obdurate7 heart,
It does not feel for man. The natural bond
Of brotherhood8 is severed9 as the flax
That falls asunder10 at the touch of fire.
He finds his fellow guilty of a skin
Not coloured like his own, and having power
To enforce the wrong, for such a worthy12 cause
Dooms14 and devotes him as his lawful15 prey16.
Lands intersected by a narrow frith
Abhor17 each other. Mountains interposed
Make enemies of nations, who had else
Like kindred drops been mingled18 into one.
Thus man devotes his brother, and destroys;
And worse than all, and most to be deplored19,
As human nature’s broadest, foulest21 blot22,
Chains him, and tasks him, and exacts his sweat
With stripes, that mercy, with a bleeding heart,
Weeps when she sees inflicted23 on a beast.
Then what is man? And what man, seeing this,
And having human feelings, does not blush
And hang his head, to think himself a man?
I would not have a slave to till my ground,
To carry me, to fan me while I sleep,
And tremble when I wake, for all the wealth
That sinews bought and sold have ever earned.
No: dear as freedom is, and in my heart’s
Just estimation prized above all price,
I had much rather be myself the slave
And wear the bonds, than fasten them on him.
We have no slaves at home—then why abroad?
And they themselves, once ferried o’er the wave
That parts us, are emancipate24 and loosed.
Slaves cannot breathe in England; if their lungs
Receive our air, that moment they are free,
They touch our country and their shackles25 fall.
That’s noble, and bespeaks26 a nation proud
And jealous of the blessing28. Spread it then,
And let it circulate through every vein29
Of all your empire; that where Britain’s power
Is felt, mankind may feel her mercy too.
Sure there is need of social intercourse30,
Benevolence31 and peace and mutual32 aid,
Between the nations, in a world that seems
To toll33 the death-bell to its own decease;
And by the voice of all its elements
To preach the general doom13. When were the winds
Let slip with such a warrant to destroy?
When did the waves so haughtily34 o’erleap
Their ancient barriers, deluging35 the dry?
Fires from beneath and meteors from above,
Portentous36, unexampled, unexplained,
Have kindled37 beacons39 in the skies, and the old
And crazy earth has had her shaking fits
More frequent, and foregone her usual rest.
Is it a time to wrangle40, when the props41
And pillars of our planet seem to fail,
And nature with a dim and sickly eye
To wait the close of all? But grant her end
More distant, and that prophecy demands
A longer respite42, unaccomplished yet;
Still they are frowning signals, and bespeak27
Displeasure in His breast who smites43 the earth
Or heals it, makes it languish44 or rejoice.
And ’tis but seemly, that, where all deserve
And stand exposed by common peccancy
To what no few have felt, there should be peace,
And brethren in calamity46 should love.
Alas47 for Sicily, rude fragments now
Lie scattered48 where the shapely column stood.
Her palaces are dust. In all her streets
The voice of singing and the sprightly49 chord
Are silent. Revelry and dance and show
Suffer a syncope and solemn pause,
While God performs, upon the trembling stage
Of His own works, His dreadful part alone.
How does the earth receive Him?—With what signs
Of gratulation and delight, her King?
Pours she not all her choicest fruits abroad,
Her sweetest flowers, her aromatic50 gums,
Disclosing paradise where’er He treads?
She quakes at His approach. Her hollow womb,
Conceiving thunders, through a thousand deeps
And fiery51 caverns52 roars beneath His foot.
The hills move lightly and the mountains smoke,
For He has touched them. From the extremest point
Of elevation53 down into the abyss,
His wrath54 is busy and His frown is felt.
The rocks fall headlong and the valleys rise,
The rivers die into offensive pools,
And, charged with putrid55 verdure, breathe a gross
And mortal nuisance into all the air.
What solid was, by transformation56 strange
Grows fluid, and the fixed57 and rooted earth
Tormented58 into billows, heaves and swells59,
Or with vortiginous and hideous60 whirl
Sucks down its prey insatiable. Immense
The tumult61 and the overthrow62, the pangs63
And agonies of human and of brute64
Multitudes, fugitive65 on every side,
And fugitive in vain. The sylvan66 scene
Migrates uplifted, and, with all its soil
Alighting in far-distant fields, finds out
A new possessor, and survives the change.
Ocean has caught the frenzy67, and upwrought
To an enormous and o’erbearing height,
Not by a mighty69 wind, but by that voice
Which winds and waves obey, invades the shore
Resistless. Never such a sudden flood,
Upridged so high, and sent on such a charge,
Possessed70 an inland scene. Where now the throng71
That pressed the beach and hasty to depart
Looked to the sea for safety? They are gone,
Gone with the refluent wave into the deep,
A prince with half his people. Ancient towers,
And roofs embattled high, the gloomy scenes
Where beauty oft and lettered worth consume
Life in the unproductive shades of death,
Fall prone73: the pale inhabitants come forth74,
And, happy in their unforeseen release
From all the rigours of restraint, enjoy
The terrors of the day that sets them free.
Who then, that has thee, would not hold thee fast,
Freedom! whom they that lose thee so regret,
That even a judgment75, making way for thee,
Seems in their eyes a mercy, for thy sake.
Such evil sin hath wrought68; and such a flame
Kindled in heaven, that it burns down to earth,
And, in the furious inquest that it makes
On God’s behalf, lays waste His fairest works.
The very elements, though each be meant
The minister of man to serve his wants,
Conspire76 against him. With his breath he draws
A plague into his blood; and cannot use
Life’s necessary means, but he must die.
Storms rise to o’erwhelm him: or, if stormy winds
Rise not, the waters of the deep shall rise,
And, needing none assistance of the storm,
Shall roll themselves ashore77, and reach him there.
The earth shall shake him out of all his holds,
Or make his house his grave; nor so content,
Shall counterfeit78 the motions of the flood,
And drown him in her dry and dusty gulfs.
What then—were they the wicked above all,
And we the righteous, whose fast-anchored isle79
Moved not, while theirs was rocked like a light skiff,
The sport of every wave? No: none are clear,
And none than we more guilty. But where all
Stand chargeable with guilt11, and to the shafts80
Of wrath obnoxious81, God may choose His mark,
May punish, if He please, the less, to warn
The more malignant82. If He spared not them,
Tremble and be amazed at thine escape,
Far guiltier England, lest He spare not thee!
Happy the man who sees a God employed
In all the good and ill that chequer life!
Resolving all events, with their effects
And manifold results, into the will
And arbitration83 wise of the Supreme84.
Did not His eye rule all things, and intend
The least of our concerns (since from the least
The greatest oft originate), could chance
Find place in His dominion85, or dispose
One lawless particle to thwart86 His plan,
Then God might be surprised, and unforeseen
Contingence might alarm Him, and disturb
The smooth and equal course of His affairs.
This truth, philosophy, though eagle-eyed
In nature’s tendencies, oft overlooks;
And, having found His instrument, forgets
Or disregards, or, more presumptuous87 still,
Denies the power that wields88 it. God proclaims
His hot displeasure against foolish men
That live an Atheist89 life: involves the heaven
In tempests, quits His grasp upon the winds
And gives them all their fury; bids a plague
Kindle38 a fiery boil upon the skin,
And putrefy the breath of blooming health.
He calls for Famine, and the meagre fiend
Blows mildew90 from between his shrivelled lips,
And taints91 the golden ear. He springs His mines,
And desolates92 a nation at a blast.
Forth steps the spruce philosopher, and tells
Of homogeneal and discordant93 springs
And principles; of causes how they work
By necessary laws their sure effects;
Of action and reaction. He has found
The source of the disease that nature feels,
And bids the world take heart and banish94 fear.
Thou fool! will thy discovery of the cause
Suspend the effect, or heal it? Has not God
Still wrought by means since first He made the world,
And did He not of old employ His means
To drown it? What is His creation less
Than a capacious reservoir of means
Formed for His use, and ready at His will?
Go, dress thine eyes with eye-salve, ask of Him,
Or ask of whomsoever He has taught,
And learn, though late, the genuine cause of all.
England, with all thy faults, I love thee still—
My country! and while yet a nook is left,
Where English minds and manners may be found,
Shall be constrained95 to love thee. Though thy clime
Be fickle96, and thy year most part deformed97
With dripping rains, or withered98 by a frost,
I would not yet exchange thy sullen99 skies
And fields without a flower, for warmer France
With all her vines; nor for Ausonia’s groves100
Of golden fruitage, and her myrtle bowers101.
To shake thy senate, and from heights sublime102
Of patriot103 eloquence104 to flash down fire
Upon thy foes105, was never meant my task;
But I can feel thy fortune, and partake
Thy joys and sorrows with as true a heart
As any thunderer there. And I can feel
Thy follies107 too, and with a just disdain108
Frown at effeminates, whose very looks
Reflect dishonour109 on the land I love.
How, in the name of soldiership and sense,
Should England prosper110, when such things, as smooth
And tender as a girl, all essenced o’er
With odours, and as profligate111 as sweet,
Who sell their laurel for a myrtle wreath,
And love when they should fight; when such as these
Presume to lay their hand upon the ark
Of her magnificent and awful cause?
Time was when it was praise and boast enough
In every clime, and travel where we might,
That we were born her children. Praise enough
To fill the ambition of a private man,
That Chatham’s language was his mother tongue,
And Wolfe’s great name compatriot with his own.
Farewell those honours, and farewell with them
The hope of such hereafter. They have fallen
Each in his field of glory; one in arms,
And one in council;—Wolfe upon the lap
Of smiling victory that moment won,
And Chatham, heart-sick of his country’s shame.
They made us many soldiers. Chatham, still
Consulting England’s happiness at home,
Secured it by an unforgiving frown
If any wronged her. Wolfe, where’er he fought,
Put so much of his heart into his act,
That his example had a magnet’s force,
And all were swift to follow whom all loved.
Those suns are set. Oh, rise some other such!
Or all that we have left is empty talk
Of old achievements, and despair of new.
Now hoist112 the sail, and let the streamers float
Upon the wanton breezes. Strew113 the deck
With lavender, and sprinkle liquid sweets,
That no rude savour maritime114 invade
The nose of nice nobility. Breathe soft,
Ye clarionets, and softer still, ye flutes115,
That winds and waters lulled116 by magic sounds
May bear us smoothly117 to the Gallic shore.
True, we have lost an empire—let it pass.
True, we may thank the perfidy118 of France
That picked the jewel out of England’s crown,
With all the cunning of an envious119 shrew.
And let that pass—’twas but a trick of state.
A brave man knows no malice120, but at once
Forgets in peace the injuries of war,
And gives his direst foe106 a friend’s embrace.
And shamed as we have been, to the very beard
Braved and defied, and in our own sea proved
Too weak for those decisive blows that once
Insured us mastery there, we yet retain
Some small pre-eminence, we justly boast
At least superior jockeyship, and claim
The honours of the turf as all our own.
Go then, well worthy of the praise ye seek,
And show the shame ye might conceal121 at home,
In foreign eyes!—be grooms123, and win the plate,
Where once your nobler fathers won a crown!—
’Tis generous to communicate your skill
To those that need it. Folly124 is soon learned,
And, under such preceptors, who can fail?
There is a pleasure in poetic125 pains
Which only poets know. The shifts and turns,
The expedients126 and inventions multiform
To which the mind resorts, in chase of terms
Though apt, yet coy, and difficult to win—
To arrest the fleeting127 images that fill
The mirror of the mind, and hold them fast,
And force them sit, till he has pencilled off
A faithful likeness128 of the forms he views;
Then to dispose his copies with such art
That each may find its most propitious129 light,
And shine by situation, hardly less
Than by the labour and the skill it cost,
Are occupations of the poet’s mind
So pleasing, and that steal away the thought
With such address from themes of sad import,
That, lost in his own musings, happy man!
He feels the anxieties of life, denied
Their wonted entertainment, all retire.
Such joys has he that sings. But ah! not such,
Or seldom such, the hearers of his song.
Fastidious, or else listless, or perhaps
Aware of nothing arduous131 in a task
They never undertook, they little note
His dangers or escapes, and haply find
There least amusement where he found the most.
But is amusement all? studious of song
And yet ambitious not to sing in vain,
I would not trifle merely, though the world
Be loudest in their praise who do no more.
Yet what can satire133, whether grave or gay?
It may correct a foible, may chastise134
The freaks of fashion, regulate the dress,
Retrench135 a sword-blade, or displace a patch;
But where are its sublimer136 trophies137 found?
What vice138 has it subdued139? whose heart reclaimed140
By rigour, or whom laughed into reform?
Alas, Leviathan is not so tamed.
Laughed at, he laughs again; and, stricken hard,
Turns to the stroke his adamantine scales,
That fear no discipline of human hands.
The pulpit therefore—and I name it, filled
With solemn awe141, that bids me well beware
With what intent I touch that holy thing—
The pulpit, when the satirist142 has at last,
Strutting143 and vapouring in an empty school,
Spent all his force, and made no proselyte—
I say the pulpit, in the sober use
Of its legitimate144 peculiar145 powers,
Must stand acknowledged, while the world shall stand,
The most important and effectual guard,
Support, and ornament146 of virtue147’s cause.
There stands the messenger of truth; there stands
The legate of the skies; his theme divine,
His office sacred, his credentials148 clear.
By him, the violated Law speaks out
Its thunders, and by him, in strains as sweet
As angels use, the Gospel whispers peace.
He stablishes the strong, restores the weak,
Reclaims149 the wanderer, binds150 the broken heart,
And, armed himself in panoply152 complete
Of heavenly temper, furnishes with arms
Bright as his own, and trains, by every rule
Of holy discipline, to glorious war,
The sacramental host of God’s elect.
Are all such teachers? would to heaven all were!
But hark—the Doctor’s voice—fast wedged between
Two empirics he stands, and with swollen153 cheeks
Inspires the news, his trumpet154. Keener far
Than all invective155 is his bold harangue156,
While through that public organ of report
He hails the clergy157, and, defying shame,
Announces to the world his own and theirs,
He teaches those to read whom schools dismissed,
And colleges, untaught; sells accents, tone,
And emphasis in score, and gives to prayer
The adagio158 and andante it demands.
He grinds divinity of other days
Down into modern use; transforms old print
To zigzag159 manuscript, and cheats the eyes
Of gallery critics by a thousand arts.—
Are there who purchase of the Doctor’s ware130?
Oh name it not in Gath!—it cannot be,
That grave and learned Clerks should need such aid.
He doubtless is in sport, and does but droll160,
Assuming thus a rank unknown before,
Grand caterer161 and dry-nurse of the Church.
I venerate162 the man whose heart is warm,
Whose hands are pure, whose doctrine163 and whose life,
Coincident, exhibit lucid164 proof
That he is honest in the sacred cause.
To such I render more than mere132 respect,
Whose actions say that they respect themselves.
But, loose in morals, and in manners vain,
In conversation frivolous165, in dress
Extreme, at once rapacious166 and profuse167,
Frequent in park with lady at his side,
Ambling168 and prattling169 scandal as he goes,
But rare at home, and never at his books
Or with his pen, save when he scrawls170 a card;
Constant at routs172, familiar with a round
Of ladyships, a stranger to the poor;
Ambitions of preferment for its gold,
And well prepared by ignorance and sloth173,
By infidelity and love o’ the world,
To make God’s work a sinecure174; a slave
To his own pleasures and his patron’s pride.—
From such apostles, O ye mitred heads,
Preserve the Church! and lay not careless hands
On skulls175 that cannot teach, and will not learn.
Would I describe a preacher, such as Paul,
Were he on earth, would hear, approve, and own,
Paul should himself direct me. I would trace
His master-strokes, and draw from his design.
I would express him simple, grave, sincere;
In doctrine uncorrupt; in language plain,
And plain in manner; decent, solemn, chaste176,
And natural in gesture; much impressed
Himself, as conscious of his awful charge,
And anxious mainly that the flock he feeds
May feel it too; affectionate in look
And tender in address, as well becomes
A messenger of grace to guilty men.
Behold177 the picture!—Is it like?—Like whom?
The things that mount the rostrum with a skip,
And then skip down again; pronounce a text,
Cry—Hem; and reading what they never wrote,
Just fifteen minutes, huddle178 up their work,
And with a well-bred whisper close the scene.
In man or woman, but far most in man,
And most of all in man that ministers
And serves the altar, in my soul I loathe179
All affectation. ’Tis my perfect scorn;
Object of my implacable disgust.
What!—will a man play tricks, will he indulge
A silly fond conceit180 of his fair form
And just proportion, fashionable mien181,
And pretty face, in presence of his God?
Or will he seek to dazzle me with tropes,
As with the diamond on his lily hand,
And play his brilliant parts before my eyes,
When I am hungry for the Bread of Life?
He mocks his Maker182, prostitutes and shames
His noble office, and, instead of truth,
Displaying his own beauty, starves his flock!
Therefore, avaunt, all attitude and stare
And start theatric, practised at the glass.
I seek divine simplicity183 in him
Who handles things divine; and all beside,
Though learned with labour, and though much admired
By curious eyes and judgments184 ill-informed,
To me is odious185 as the nasal twang
Heard at conventicle, where worthy men,
Misled by custom, strain celestial186 themes
Through the prest nostril187, spectacle-bestrid.
Some, decent in demeanour while they preach,
That task performed, relapse into themselves,
And having spoken wisely, at the close
Grow wanton, and give proof to every eye—
Whoe’er was edified188 themselves were not.
Forth comes the pocket mirror. First we stroke
An eyebrow189; next compose a straggling lock;
Then with an air, most gracefully190 performed,
Fall back into our seat; extend an arm,
And lay it at its ease with gentle care,
With handkerchief in hand, depending low:
The better hand, more busy, gives the nose
Its bergamot, or aids the indebted eye
With opera glass to watch the moving scene,
And recognise the slow-retiring fair.
Now this is fulsome191, and offends me more
Than in a Churchman slovenly192 neglect
And rustic193 coarseness would. A heavenly mind
May be indifferent to her house of clay,
And slight the hovel as beneath her care.
But how a body so fantastic, trim,
And quaint194 in its deportment and attire195,
Can lodge a heavenly mind—demands a doubt.
He that negotiates between God and man,
As God’s ambassador, the grand concerns
Of judgment and of mercy, should beware
Of lightness in his speech. ’Tis pitiful
To court a grin, when you should woo a soul;
To break a jest, when pity would inspire
Pathetic exhortation196; and to address
The skittish197 fancy with facetious198 tales,
When sent with God’s commission to the heart.
So did not Paul. Direct me to a quip
Or merry turn in all he ever wrote,
And I consent you take it for your text,
Your only one, till sides and benches fail.
No: he was serious in a serious cause,
And understood too well the weighty terms
That he had ta’en in charge. He would not stoop
To conquer those by jocular exploits,
Whom truth and soberness assailed199 in vain.
Oh, popular applause! what heart of man
Is proof against thy sweet seducing200 charms?
The wisest and the best feel urgent need
Of all their caution in thy gentlest gales201;
But swelled202 into a gust—who then, alas!
With all his canvas set, and inexpert,
And therefore heedless, can withstand thy power?
Praise from the riveled lips of toothless, bald
Decrepitude203, and in the looks of lean
And craving204 poverty, and in the bow
Respectful of the smutched artificer,
Is oft too welcome, and may much disturb
The bias205 of the purpose. How much more,
Poured forth by beauty splendid and polite,
In language soft as adoration206 breathes?
Ah, spare your idol207! think him human still;
Charms he may have, but he has frailties208 too;
Dote not too much, nor spoil what ye admire.
All truth is from the sempiternal source
Of light divine. But Egypt, Greece, and Rome
Drew from the stream below. More favoured, we
Drink, when we choose it, at the fountain head.
To them it flowed much mingled and defiled209
With hurtful error, prejudice, and dreams
Illusive210 of philosophy, so called,
But falsely. Sages211 after sages strove,
In vain, to filter off a crystal draught213
Pure from the lees, which often more enhanced
The thirst than slaked214 it, and not seldom bred
Intoxication215 and delirium216 wild.
In vain they pushed inquiry217 to the birth
And spring-time of the world; asked, Whence is man?
Why formed at all? and wherefore as he is?
Where must he find his Maker? With what rites218
Adore Him? Will He hear, accept, and bless?
Or does He sit regardless of His works?
Has man within him an immortal219 seed?
Or does the tomb take all? If he survive
His ashes, where? and in what weal or woe220?
Knots worthy of solution, which alone
A Deity221 could solve. Their answers vague,
And all at random222, fabulous223 and dark,
Left them as dark themselves. Their rules of life,
Defective224 and unsanctioned, proved too weak
To bind151 the roving appetite, and lead
Blind nature to a God not yet revealed.
’Tis Revelation satisfies all doubts,
Explains all mysteries, except her own,
And so illuminates225 the path of life,
That fools discover it, and stray no more.
Now tell me, dignified226 and sapient227 sir,
My man of morals, nurtured228 in the shades
Of Academus, is this false or true?
Is Christ the abler teacher, or the schools?
If Christ, then why resort at every turn
To Athens or to Rome for wisdom short
Of man’s occasions, when in Him reside
Grace, knowledge, comfort, an unfathomed store?
How oft when Paul has served us with a text,
Has Epictetus, Plato, Tully, preached!
Men that, if now alive, would sit content
And humble230 learners of a Saviour’s worth,
Preach it who might. Such was their love of truth,
Their thirst of knowledge, and their candour too.
And thus it is. The pastor231, either vain
By nature, or by flattery made so, taught
To gaze at his own splendour, and to exalt232
Absurdly, not his office, but himself;
Or unenlightened, and too proud to learn,
Or vicious, and not therefore apt to teach,
Perverting233 often, by the stress of lewd234
And loose example, whom he should instruct,
Exposes and holds up to broad disgrace
The noblest function, and discredits235 much
The brightest truths that man has ever seen.
For ghostly counsel, if it either fall
Below the exigence, or be not backed
With show of love, at least with hopeful proof
Of some sincerity236 on the giver’s part;
Or be dishonoured237 in the exterior238 form
And mode of its conveyance239, by such tricks
As move derision, or by foppish240 airs
And histrionic mummery, that let down
The pulpit to the level of the stage;
Drops from the lips a disregarded thing.
The weak perhaps are moved, but are not taught,
While prejudice in men of stronger minds
Takes deeper root, confirmed by what they see.
A relaxation241 of religion’s hold
Upon the roving and untutored heart
Soon follows, and the curb242 of conscience snapt,
The laity243 run wild.—But do they now?
Note their extravagance, and be convinced.
As nations, ignorant of God, contrive244
A wooden one, so we, no longer taught
By monitors that Mother Church supplies,
Now make our own. Posterity245 will ask
(If e’er posterity sees verse of mine),
Some fifty or a hundred lustrums hence,
What was a monitor in George’s days?
My very gentle reader, yet unborn,
Of whom I needs must augur246 better things,
Since Heaven would sure grow weary of a world
Productive only of a race like us,
A monitor is wood—plank shaven thin.
We wear it at our backs. There, closely braced247
And neatly248 fitted, it compresses hard
The prominent and most unsightly bones,
And binds the shoulders flat. We prove its use
Sovereign and most effectual to secure
A form, not now gymnastic as of yore,
From rickets249 and distortion, else, our lot.
But thus admonished250 we can walk erect251,
One proof at least of manhood; while the friend
Sticks close, a Mentor252 worthy of his charge.
Our habits costlier253 than Lucullus wore,
And, by caprice as multiplied as his,
Just please us while the fashion is at full,
But change with every moon. The sycophant254,
That waits to dress us, arbitrates their date,
Surveys his fair reversion with keen eye;
Finds one ill made, another obsolete255,
This fits not nicely, that is ill conceived;
And, making prize of all that he condemns256,
With our expenditure257 defrays his own.
Variety’s the very spice of life,
That gives it all its flavour. We have run
Through every change that fancy, at the loom72
Exhausted258, has had genius to supply,
And, studious of mutation259 still, discard
A real elegance260, a little used,
For monstrous261 novelty and strange disguise.
We sacrifice to dress, till household joys
And comforts cease. Dress drains our cellar dry,
And keeps our larder262 lean; puts out our fires,
And introduces hunger, frost, and woe,
Where peace and hospitality might reign122.
What man that lives, and that knows how to live,
Would fail to exhibit at the public shows
A form as splendid as the proudest there,
Though appetite raise outcries at the cost?
A man o’ the town dines late, but soon enough,
With reasonable forecast and despatch263,
To ensure a side-box station at half-price.
You think, perhaps, so delicate his dress,
His daily fare as delicate. Alas!
He picks clean teeth, and, busy as he seems
With an old tavern264 quill265, is hungry yet.
The rout171 is folly’s circle which she draws
With magic wand. So potent266 is the spell,
That none decoyed into that fatal ring,
Unless by Heaven’s peculiar grace, escape.
There we grow early gray, but never wise;
There form connections, and acquire no friend;
Solicit267 pleasure hopeless of success;
Waste youth in occupations only fit
For second childhood, and devote old age
To sports which only childhood could excuse.
There they are happiest who dissemble best
Their weariness; and they the most polite,
Who squander268 time and treasure with a smile,
Though at their own destruction. She that asks
Her dear five hundred friends, contemns269 them all,
And hates their coming. They (what can they less?)
Make just reprisals270, and, with cringe and shrug271
And bow obsequious272, hide their hate of her.
All catch the frenzy, downward from her Grace,
Whose flambeaux flash against the morning skies,
And gild273 our chamber274 ceilings as they pass,
To her who, frugal275 only that her thrift276
May feed excesses she can ill afford,
Is hackneyed home unlackeyed; who, in haste
Alighting, turns the key in her own door,
And, at the watchman’s lantern borrowing light,
Finds a cold bed her only comfort left.
Wives beggar husbands, husbands starve their wives,
On Fortune’s velvet277 altar offering up
Their last poor pittance—Fortune, most severe
Of goddesses yet known, and costlier far
Than all that held their routs in Juno’s heaven.—
So fare we in this prison-house the world.
And ’tis a fearful spectacle to see
So many maniacs278 dancing in their chains.
They gaze upon the links that hold them fast
With eyes of anguish45, execrate279 their lot,
Then shake them in despair, and dance again.
Now basket up the family of plagues
That waste our vitals. Peculation280, sale
Of honour, perjury281, corruption282, frauds
By forgery283, by subterfuge284 of law,
By tricks and lies, as numerous and as keen
As the necessities their authors feel;
Then cast them, closely bundled, every brat285
At the right door. Profusion286 is its sire.
Profusion unrestrained, with all that’s base
In character, has littered all the land,
And bred within the memory of no few
A priesthood such as Baal’s was of old,
A people such as never was till now.
It is a hungry vice:—it eats up all
That gives society its beauty, strength,
Convenience, and security, and use;
Makes men mere vermin, worthy to be trapped
And gibbeted, as fast as catchpole claws
Can seize the slippery prey; unties287 the knot
Of union, and converts the sacred band
That holds mankind together to a scourge288.
Profusion, deluging a state with lusts289
Of grossest nature and of worst effects,
Prepares it for its ruin; hardens, blinds,
And warps290 the consciences of public men
Till they can laugh at virtue; mock the fools
That trust them; and, in the end, disclose a face
That would have shocked credulity herself,
Unmasked, vouchsafing291 this their sole excuse;—
Since all alike are selfish, why not they?
This does Profusion, and the accursed cause
Of such deep mischief292 has itself a cause.
In colleges and halls, in ancient days,
When learning, virtue, piety293, and truth
Were precious, and inculcated with care,
There dwelt a sage212 called Discipline. His head,
Not yet by time completely silvered o’er,
Bespoke294 him past the bounds of freakish youth,
But strong for service still, and unimpaired.
His eye was meek295 and gentle, and a smile
Played on his lips, and in his speech was heard
Paternal296 sweetness, dignity, and love.
The occupation dearest to his heart
Was to encourage goodness. He would stroke
The head of modest and ingenuous297 worth,
That blushed at its own praise, and press the youth
Close to his side that pleased him. Learning grew
Beneath his care, a thriving, vigorous plant;
The mind was well informed, the passions held
Subordinate, and diligence was choice.
If e’er it chanced, as sometimes chance it must,
That one among so many overleaped
The limits of control, his gentle eye
Grew stern, and darted298 a severe rebuke299;
His frown was full of terror, and his voice
Shook the delinquent300 with such fits of awe
As left him not, till penitence301 had won
Lost favour back again, and closed the breach302.
But Discipline, a faithful servant long,
Declined at length into the vale of years;
A palsy struck his arm, his sparkling eye
Was quenched303 in rheums of age, his voice unstrung
Grew tremulous, and moved derision more
Than reverence304 in perverse305, rebellious306 youth.
So colleges and halls neglected much
Their good old friend, and Discipline at length,
O’erlooked and unemployed307, fell sick and died.
Then study languished308, emulation309 slept,
And virtue fled. The schools became a scene
Of solemn farce310, where ignorance in stilts311,
His cap well lined with logic312 not his own,
With parrot tongue performed the scholar’s part,
Proceeding313 soon a graduated dunce.
Then compromise had place, and scrutiny314
Became stone-blind, precedence went in truck,
And he was competent whose purse was so.
A dissolution of all bonds ensued,
The curbs315 invented for the mulish mouth
Of headstrong youth were broken; bars and bolts
Grew rusty316 by disuse, and massy gates
Forgot their office, opening with a touch;
Till gowns at length are found mere masquerade;
The tasselled cap and the spruce band a jest,
A mockery of the world. What need of these
For gamesters, jockeys, brothellers impure317,
Spendthrifts and booted sportsmen, oftener seen
With belted waist, and pointers at their heels,
Than in the bounds of duty? What was learned,
If aught was learned in childhood, is forgot,
And such expense as pinches parents blue
And mortifies318 the liberal hand of love,
Is squandered319 in pursuit of idle sports
And vicious pleasures; buys the boy a name,
That sits a stigma320 on his father’s house,
And cleaves321 through life inseparably close
To him that wears it. What can after-games
Of riper joys, and commerce with the world,
The lewd vain world that must receive him soon,
Add to such erudition thus acquired,
Where science and where virtue are professed322?
They may confirm his habits, rivet323 fast
His folly, but to spoil him is a task
That bids defiance324 to the united powers
Of fashion, dissipation, taverns325, stews326.
Now, blame we most the nurselings, or the nurse?
The children crooked327 and twisted and deformed
Through want of care, or her whose winking328 eye
And slumbering329 oscitancy mars the brood?
The nurse no doubt. Regardless of her charge,
She needs herself correction; needs to learn
That it is dangerous sporting with the world,
With things so sacred as a nation’s trust;
The nurture229 of her youth, her dearest pledge.
All are not such. I had a brother once—
Peace to the memory of a man of worth,
A man of letters and of manners too—
Of manners sweet as virtue always wears,
When gay good-nature dresses her in smiles.
He graced a college in which order yet
Was sacred, and was honoured, loved, and wept,
By more than one, themselves conspicuous330 there.
Some minds are tempered happily, and mixt
With such ingredients of good sense and taste
Of what is excellent in man, they thirst
With such a zeal331 to be what they approve,
That no restraints can circumscribe332 them more
Than they themselves by choice, for wisdom’s sake.
Nor can example hurt them. What they see
Of vice in others but enhancing more
The charms of virtue in their just esteem333.
If such escape contagion334, and emerge
Pure, from so foul20 a pool, to shine abroad,
And give the world their talents and themselves,
Small thanks to those whose negligence335 or sloth
Exposed their inexperience to the snare336,
And left them to an undirected choice.
See, then, the quiver broken and decayed,
In which are kept our arrows. Rusting337 there
In wild disorder338 and unfit for use,
What wonder if discharged into the world
They shame their shooters with a random flight,
Their points obtuse339 and feathers drunk with wine.
Well may the Church wage unsuccessful war
With such artillery340 armed. Vice parries wide
The undreaded volley with a sword of straw,
And stands an impudent341 and fearless mark.
Have we not tracked the felon342 home, and found
His birthplace and his dam? The country mourns—
Mourns, because every plague that can infest343
Society, that saps and worms the base
Of the edifice344 that Policy has raised,
Swarms345 in all quarters; meets the eye, the ear,
And suffocates346 the breath at every turn.
Profusion breeds them. And the cause itself
Of that calamitous347 mischief has been found,
Found, too, where most offensive, in the skirts
Of the robed pedagogue348. Else, let the arraigned349
Stand up unconscious and refute the charge.
So, when the Jewish leader stretched his arm
And waved his rod divine, a race obscene,
Spawned350 in the muddy beds of Nile, came forth
Polluting Egypt. Gardens, fields, and plains
Were covered with the pest. The streets were filled;
The croaking351 nuisance lurked352 in every nook,
Nor palaces nor even chambers353 ’scaped,
And the land stank354, so numerous was the fry.
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收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
lodge
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| v.临时住宿，寄宿，寄存，容纳；n.传达室，小旅馆 | |
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wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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boundless
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| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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contiguity
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| n.邻近，接壤 | |
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rumour
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| n.谣言，谣传，传闻 | |
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outrage
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| n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒 | |
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7
obdurate
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| adj.固执的，顽固的 | |
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8
brotherhood
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| n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊 | |
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9
severed
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| v.切断，断绝( sever的过去式和过去分词 )；断，裂 | |
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asunder
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| adj.分离的，化为碎片 | |
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guilt
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| n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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13
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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14
dooms
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| v.注定( doom的第三人称单数 )；判定；使…的失败（或灭亡、毁灭、坏结局）成为必然；宣判 | |
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15
lawful
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| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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16
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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17
abhor
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| v.憎恶；痛恨 | |
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18
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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19
deplored
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| v.悲叹，痛惜，强烈反对( deplore的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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20
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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21
foulest
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| adj.恶劣的( foul的最高级 )；邪恶的；难闻的；下流的 | |
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22
blot
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| vt.弄脏（用吸墨纸）吸干；n.污点，污渍 | |
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23
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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24
emancipate
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| v.解放，解除 | |
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25
shackles
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| 手铐( shackle的名词复数 )； 脚镣； 束缚； 羁绊 | |
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26
bespeaks
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| v.预定( bespeak的第三人称单数 )；订（货）；证明；预先请求 | |
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27
bespeak
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| v.预定；预先请求 | |
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28
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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29
vein
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| n.血管，静脉；叶脉，纹理；情绪；vt.使成脉络 | |
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30
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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31
benevolence
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| n.慈悲，捐助 | |
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32
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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33
toll
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| n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟) | |
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34
haughtily
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| adv. 傲慢地, 高傲地 | |
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35
deluging
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| v.使淹没( deluge的现在分词 )；淹没；被洪水般涌来的事物所淹没；穷于应付 | |
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36
portentous
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| adj.不祥的，可怕的，装腔作势的 | |
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37
kindled
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| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
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38
kindle
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| v.点燃，着火 | |
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39
beacons
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| 灯塔( beacon的名词复数 )； 烽火； 指路明灯； 无线电台或发射台 | |
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40
wrangle
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| vi.争吵 | |
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41
props
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| 小道具； 支柱( prop的名词复数 )； 支持者； 道具； （橄榄球中的）支柱前锋 | |
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42
respite
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| n.休息，中止，暂缓 | |
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43
smites
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| v.猛打，重击，打击( smite的第三人称单数 ) | |
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44
languish
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| vi.变得衰弱无力，失去活力，（植物等）凋萎 | |
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45
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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46
calamity
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| n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件 | |
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47
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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48
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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49
sprightly
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| adj.愉快的，活泼的 | |
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50
aromatic
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| adj.芳香的，有香味的 | |
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51
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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52
caverns
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| 大山洞，大洞穴( cavern的名词复数 ) | |
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53
elevation
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| n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高 | |
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54
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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55
putrid
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| adj.腐臭的；有毒的；已腐烂的；卑劣的 | |
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56
transformation
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| n.变化；改造；转变 | |
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57
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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58
tormented
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| 饱受折磨的 | |
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59
swells
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| 增强( swell的第三人称单数 )； 肿胀； （使）凸出； 充满（激情） | |
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60
hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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61
tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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62
overthrow
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| v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆 | |
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63
pangs
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| 突然的剧痛( pang的名词复数 )； 悲痛 | |
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64
brute
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| n.野兽，兽性 | |
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65
fugitive
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| adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者 | |
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66
sylvan
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| adj.森林的 | |
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67
frenzy
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| n.疯狂，狂热，极度的激动 | |
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68
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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69
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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70
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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71
throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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72
loom
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| n.织布机，织机；v.隐现，(危险、忧虑等)迫近 | |
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73
prone
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| adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的 | |
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74
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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75
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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76
conspire
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| v.密谋，（事件等）巧合，共同导致 | |
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77
ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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78
counterfeit
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| vt.伪造，仿造；adj.伪造的，假冒的 | |
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79
isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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80
shafts
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| n.轴( shaft的名词复数 )；（箭、高尔夫球棒等的）杆；通风井；一阵（疼痛、害怕等） | |
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81
obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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82
malignant
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| adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的 | |
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83
arbitration
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| n.调停，仲裁 | |
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84
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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85
dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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86
thwart
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| v.阻挠，妨碍，反对；adj.横(断的) | |
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87
presumptuous
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| adj.胆大妄为的，放肆的，冒昧的，冒失的 | |
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88
wields
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| 手持着使用（武器、工具等）( wield的第三人称单数 )； 具有； 运用（权力）； 施加（影响） | |
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89
atheist
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| n.无神论者 | |
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90
mildew
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| n.发霉；v.（使）发霉 | |
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91
taints
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| n.变质( taint的名词复数 )；污染；玷污；丑陋或腐败的迹象v.使变质( taint的第三人称单数 )；使污染；败坏；被污染，腐坏，败坏 | |
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92
desolates
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| 毁坏( desolate的第三人称单数 )； 极大地破坏； 使沮丧； 使痛苦 | |
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93
discordant
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| adj.不调和的 | |
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94
banish
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| vt.放逐，驱逐；消除，排除 | |
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95
constrained
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| adj.束缚的,节制的 | |
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96
fickle
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| adj.(爱情或友谊上)易变的，不坚定的 | |
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97
deformed
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| adj.畸形的；变形的；丑的，破相了的 | |
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98
withered
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| adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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99
sullen
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| adj.愠怒的，闷闷不乐的，(天气等)阴沉的 | |
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100
groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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101
bowers
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| n.（女子的）卧室( bower的名词复数 )；船首锚；阴凉处；鞠躬的人 | |
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102
sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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103
patriot
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| n.爱国者，爱国主义者 | |
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104
eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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105
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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106
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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107
follies
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| 罪恶，时事讽刺剧； 愚蠢，蠢笨，愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 ) | |
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108
disdain
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| n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑 | |
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109
dishonour
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| n./vt.拒付（支票、汇票、票据等）；vt.凌辱，使丢脸；n.不名誉，耻辱，不光彩 | |
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110
prosper
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| v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣 | |
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111
profligate
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| adj.行为不检的；n.放荡的人，浪子，肆意挥霍者 | |
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112
hoist
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| n.升高，起重机，推动；v.升起，升高，举起 | |
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113
strew
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| vt.撒；使散落；撒在…上，散布于 | |
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114
maritime
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| adj.海的，海事的，航海的，近海的，沿海的 | |
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115
flutes
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| 长笛( flute的名词复数 )； 细长香槟杯（形似长笛） | |
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116
lulled
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| vt.使镇静，使安静（lull的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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117
smoothly
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| adv.平滑地，顺利地，流利地，流畅地 | |
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118
perfidy
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| n.背信弃义，不忠贞 | |
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119
envious
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| adj.嫉妒的，羡慕的 | |
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120
malice
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| n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋 | |
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121
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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122
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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123
grooms
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| n.新郎( groom的名词复数 )；马夫v.照料或梳洗（马等）( groom的第三人称单数 )；使做好准备；训练；（给动物）擦洗 | |
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124
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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125
poetic
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| adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的 | |
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126
expedients
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| n.应急有效的，权宜之计的( expedient的名词复数 ) | |
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127
fleeting
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| adj.短暂的，飞逝的 | |
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128
likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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129
propitious
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| adj.吉利的；顺利的 | |
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130
ware
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| n.(常用复数)商品，货物 | |
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131
arduous
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| adj.艰苦的，费力的，陡峭的 | |
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132
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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133
satire
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| n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品 | |
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134
chastise
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| vt.责骂，严惩 | |
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135
retrench
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| v.节省，削减 | |
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136
sublimer
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| 使高尚者，纯化器 | |
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137
trophies
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| n.（为竞赛获胜者颁发的）奖品( trophy的名词复数 )；奖杯；（尤指狩猎或战争中获得的）纪念品；（用于比赛或赛跑名称）奖 | |
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138
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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139
subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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140
reclaimed
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| adj.再生的；翻造的；收复的；回收的v.开拓( reclaim的过去式和过去分词 )；要求收回；从废料中回收（有用的材料）；挽救 | |
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141
awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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142
satirist
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| n.讽刺诗作者，讽刺家，爱挖苦别人的人 | |
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143
strutting
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| 加固，支撑物 | |
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144
legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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145
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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146
ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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147
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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148
credentials
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| n.证明，资格，证明书，证件 | |
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149
reclaims
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| v.开拓( reclaim的第三人称单数 )；要求收回；从废料中回收（有用的材料）；挽救 | |
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150
binds
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| v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 )；装订；捆绑；（用长布条）缠绕 | |
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151
bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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152
panoply
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| n.全副甲胄，礼服 | |
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153
swollen
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| adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀 | |
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154
trumpet
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| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
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155
invective
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| n.痛骂，恶意抨击 | |
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156
harangue
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| n.慷慨冗长的训话，言辞激烈的讲话 | |
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157
clergy
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| n.[总称]牧师，神职人员 | |
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158
adagio
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| adj.缓慢的；n.柔板；慢板；adv.缓慢地 | |
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159
zigzag
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| n.曲折，之字形；adj.曲折的，锯齿形的；adv.曲折地，成锯齿形地；vt.使曲折；vi.曲折前行 | |
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160
droll
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| adj.古怪的，好笑的 | |
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161
caterer
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| n. 备办食物者，备办宴席者 | |
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162
venerate
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| v.尊敬，崇敬，崇拜 | |
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163
doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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164
lucid
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| adj.明白易懂的，清晰的，头脑清楚的 | |
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165
frivolous
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| adj.轻薄的；轻率的 | |
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166
rapacious
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| adj.贪婪的，强夺的 | |
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167
profuse
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| adj.很多的，大量的，极其丰富的 | |
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168
ambling
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| v.（马）缓行( amble的现在分词 )；从容地走，漫步 | |
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169
prattling
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| v.（小孩般）天真无邪地说话( prattle的现在分词 )；发出连续而无意义的声音；闲扯；东拉西扯 | |
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170
scrawls
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| 潦草的笔迹( scrawl的名词复数 ) | |
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171
rout
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| n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮 | |
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172
routs
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| n.打垮，赶跑( rout的名词复数 )；（体育）打败对方v.打垮，赶跑( rout的第三人称单数 )；（体育）打败对方 | |
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173
sloth
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| n.[动]树懒；懒惰，懒散 | |
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174
sinecure
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| n.闲差事，挂名职务 | |
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175
skulls
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| 颅骨( skull的名词复数 )； 脑袋； 脑子； 脑瓜 | |
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176
chaste
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| adj.贞洁的；有道德的；善良的；简朴的 | |
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177
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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178
huddle
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| vi.挤作一团；蜷缩；vt.聚集；n.挤在一起的人 | |
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179
loathe
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| v.厌恶，嫌恶 | |
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180
conceit
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| n.自负，自高自大 | |
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181
mien
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| n.风采；态度 | |
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182
maker
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| n.制造者，制造商 | |
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183
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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184
judgments
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| 判断( judgment的名词复数 )； 鉴定； 评价； 审判 | |
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185
odious
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| adj.可憎的，讨厌的 | |
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186
celestial
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| adj.天体的；天上的 | |
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187
nostril
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| n.鼻孔 | |
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188
edified
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| v.开导，启发( edify的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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189
eyebrow
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| n.眉毛，眉 | |
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190
gracefully
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| ad.大大方方地；优美地 | |
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191
fulsome
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| adj.可恶的，虚伪的，过分恭维的 | |
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192
slovenly
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| adj.懒散的，不整齐的，邋遢的 | |
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193
rustic
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| adj.乡村的，有乡村特色的；n.乡下人，乡巴佬 | |
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194
quaint
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| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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195
attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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196
exhortation
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| n.劝告，规劝 | |
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197
skittish
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| adj.易激动的，轻佻的 | |
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198
facetious
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| adj.轻浮的，好开玩笑的 | |
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199
assailed
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| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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200
seducing
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| 诱奸( seduce的现在分词 )； 勾引； 诱使堕落； 使入迷 | |
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201
gales
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| 龙猫 | |
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202
swelled
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| 增强( swell的过去式和过去分词 )； 肿胀； （使）凸出； 充满（激情） | |
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203
decrepitude
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| n.衰老；破旧 | |
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204
craving
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| n.渴望,热望 | |
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205
bias
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| n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见 | |
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206
adoration
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| n.爱慕，崇拜 | |
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207
idol
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| n.偶像，红人，宠儿 | |
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208
frailties
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| n.脆弱( frailty的名词复数 )；虚弱；（性格或行为上的）弱点；缺点 | |
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209
defiled
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| v.玷污( defile的过去式和过去分词 )；污染；弄脏；纵列行进 | |
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210
illusive
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| adj.迷惑人的，错觉的 | |
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211
sages
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| n.圣人( sage的名词复数 )；智者；哲人；鼠尾草（可用作调料） | |
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212
sage
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| n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的 | |
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213
draught
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| n.拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风；v.起草，设计 | |
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214
slaked
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| v.满足( slake的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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215
intoxication
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| n.wild excitement;drunkenness；poisoning | |
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216
delirium
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| n. 神智昏迷,说胡话;极度兴奋 | |
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217
inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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218
rites
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| 仪式，典礼( rite的名词复数 ) | |
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219
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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220
woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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221
deity
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| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
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222
random
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| adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动 | |
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223
fabulous
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| adj.极好的；极为巨大的；寓言中的，传说中的 | |
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224
defective
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| adj.有毛病的，有问题的，有瑕疵的 | |
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225
illuminates
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| v.使明亮( illuminate的第三人称单数 )；照亮；装饰；说明 | |
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226
dignified
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| a.可敬的，高贵的 | |
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227
sapient
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| adj.有见识的，有智慧的 | |
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228
nurtured
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| 养育( nurture的过去式和过去分词 )； 培育； 滋长； 助长 | |
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229
nurture
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| n.养育，照顾，教育；滋养，营养品；vt.养育，给与营养物，教养，扶持 | |
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230
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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231
pastor
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| n.牧师，牧人 | |
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232
exalt
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| v.赞扬，歌颂，晋升，提升 | |
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233
perverting
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| v.滥用( pervert的现在分词 )；腐蚀；败坏；使堕落 | |
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234
lewd
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| adj.淫荡的 | |
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235
discredits
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|
| 使不相信( discredit的第三人称单数 )； 使怀疑； 败坏…的名声； 拒绝相信 | |
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236
sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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237
dishonoured
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| a.不光彩的，不名誉的 | |
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238
exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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239
conveyance
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| n.(不动产等的)转让，让与；转让证书；传送；运送；表达；（正）运输工具 | |
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240
foppish
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| adj.矫饰的，浮华的 | |
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241
relaxation
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| n.松弛，放松；休息；消遣；娱乐 | |
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242
curb
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| n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制 | |
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243
laity
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| n.俗人；门外汉 | |
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244
contrive
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| vt.谋划，策划；设法做到；设计，想出 | |
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245
posterity
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| n.后裔，子孙，后代 | |
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246
augur
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| n.占卦师；v.占卦 | |
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247
braced
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| adj.拉牢的v.支住( brace的过去式和过去分词 )；撑牢；使自己站稳；振作起来 | |
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248
neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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249
rickets
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| n.软骨病，佝偻病，驼背 | |
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250
admonished
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| v.劝告( admonish的过去式和过去分词 )；训诫；（温和地）责备；轻责 | |
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251
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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252
mentor
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| n.指导者，良师益友；v.指导 | |
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253
costlier
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| adj.昂贵的( costly的比较级 )；代价高的；引起困难的；造成损失的 | |
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254
sycophant
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| n.马屁精 | |
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255
obsolete
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| adj.已废弃的，过时的 | |
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256
condemns
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| v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的第三人称单数 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地 | |
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257
expenditure
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| n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗 | |
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258
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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259
mutation
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| n.变化，变异，转变 | |
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260
elegance
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| n.优雅；优美，雅致；精致，巧妙 | |
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261
monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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262
larder
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| n.食物贮藏室，食品橱 | |
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263
despatch
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| n./v.(dispatch)派遣；发送；n.急件；新闻报道 | |
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264
tavern
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| n.小旅馆，客栈；小酒店 | |
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265
quill
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| n.羽毛管；v.给（织物或衣服）作皱褶 | |
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266
potent
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| adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的 | |
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267
solicit
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| vi.勾引；乞求；vt.请求，乞求；招揽(生意) | |
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268
squander
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| v.浪费，挥霍 | |
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269
contemns
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| v.侮辱，蔑视( contemn的第三人称单数 ) | |
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270
reprisals
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| n.报复（行为）( reprisal的名词复数 ) | |
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271
shrug
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| v.耸肩(表示怀疑、冷漠、不知等) | |
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272
obsequious
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| adj.谄媚的，奉承的，顺从的 | |
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273
gild
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| vt.给…镀金，把…漆成金色，使呈金色 | |
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274
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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275
frugal
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| adj.节俭的，节约的，少量的，微量的 | |
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276
thrift
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| adj.节约，节俭；n.节俭，节约 | |
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277
velvet
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| n.丝绒，天鹅绒；adj.丝绒制的，柔软的 | |
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278
maniacs
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| n.疯子（maniac的复数形式） | |
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279
execrate
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| v.憎恶；厌恶；诅咒 | |
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280
peculation
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| n.侵吞公款[公物] | |
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281
perjury
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| n.伪证；伪证罪 | |
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282
corruption
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| n.腐败，堕落，贪污 | |
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283
forgery
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| n.伪造的文件等，赝品，伪造（行为） | |
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284
subterfuge
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| n.诡计；藉口 | |
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285
brat
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| n.孩子；顽童 | |
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286
profusion
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| n.挥霍；丰富 | |
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287
unties
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| 松开，解开( untie的第三人称单数 )； 解除，使自由； 解决 | |
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288
scourge
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| n.灾难，祸害；v.蹂躏 | |
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289
lusts
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| 贪求（lust的第三人称单数形式） | |
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290
warps
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| n.弯曲( warp的名词复数 )；歪斜；经线；经纱v.弄弯，变歪( warp的第三人称单数 )；使（行为等）不合情理，使乖戾， | |
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291
vouchsafing
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|
| v.给予，赐予( vouchsafe的现在分词 )；允诺 | |
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292
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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293
piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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294
bespoke
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|
| adj.（产品）订做的；专做订货的v.预定( bespeak的过去式 )；订（货）；证明；预先请求 | |
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295
meek
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| adj.温顺的，逆来顺受的 | |
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296
paternal
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| adj.父亲的，像父亲的，父系的，父方的 | |
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297
ingenuous
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| adj.纯朴的，单纯的；天真的；坦率的 | |
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298
darted
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| v.投掷，投射( dart的过去式和过去分词 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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299
rebuke
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| v.指责，非难，斥责 [反]praise | |
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300
delinquent
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|
| adj.犯法的，有过失的；n.违法者 | |
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301
penitence
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| n.忏悔，赎罪；悔过 | |
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302
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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303
quenched
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| 解（渴）( quench的过去式和过去分词 )； 终止（某事物）； （用水）扑灭（火焰等）； 将（热物体）放入水中急速冷却 | |
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304
reverence
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|
| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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305
perverse
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| adj.刚愎的；坚持错误的，行为反常的 | |
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306
rebellious
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|
| adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的 | |
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307
unemployed
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| adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的 | |
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308
languished
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| 长期受苦( languish的过去式和过去分词 )； 受折磨； 变得（越来越）衰弱； 因渴望而变得憔悴或闷闷不乐 | |
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309
emulation
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| n.竞争；仿效 | |
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310
farce
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| n.闹剧，笑剧，滑稽戏；胡闹 | |
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311
stilts
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| n.（支撑建筑物高出地面或水面的）桩子，支柱( stilt的名词复数 )；高跷 | |
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312
logic
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| n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性 | |
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313
proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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314
scrutiny
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| n.详细检查，仔细观察 | |
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315
curbs
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| v.限制，克制，抑制( curb的第三人称单数 ) | |
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316
rusty
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| adj.生锈的；锈色的；荒废了的 | |
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317
impure
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| adj.不纯净的，不洁的；不道德的，下流的 | |
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318
mortifies
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| v.使受辱( mortify的第三人称单数 )；伤害（人的感情）；克制；抑制（肉体、情感等） | |
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319
squandered
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| v.（指钱，财产等）浪费，乱花( squander的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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320
stigma
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| n.耻辱，污名；(花的)柱头 | |
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321
cleaves
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| v.劈开，剁开，割开( cleave的第三人称单数 ) | |
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322
professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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323
rivet
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| n.铆钉；vt.铆接，铆牢；集中(目光或注意力) | |
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324
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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325
taverns
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| n.小旅馆，客栈，酒馆( tavern的名词复数 ) | |
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326
stews
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|
| n.炖煮的菜肴( stew的名词复数 )；烦恼，焦虑v.炖( stew的第三人称单数 )；煨；思考；担忧 | |
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327
crooked
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| adj.弯曲的；不诚实的，狡猾的，不正当的 | |
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328
winking
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| n.瞬眼，目语v.使眼色( wink的现在分词 )；递眼色（表示友好或高兴等）；（指光）闪烁；闪亮 | |
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329
slumbering
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| 微睡，睡眠（slumber的现在分词形式） | |
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330
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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331
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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332
circumscribe
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| v.在...周围划线，限制，约束 | |
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333
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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334
contagion
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| n.(通过接触的疾病)传染；蔓延 | |
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335
negligence
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| n.疏忽，玩忽，粗心大意 | |
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336
snare
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| n.陷阱，诱惑，圈套；（去除息肉或者肿瘤的）勒除器；响弦，小军鼓；vt.以陷阱捕获，诱惑 | |
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337
rusting
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| n.生锈v.（使）生锈( rust的现在分词 ) | |
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338
disorder
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| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
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339
obtuse
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| adj.钝的；愚钝的 | |
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340
artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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341
impudent
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| adj.鲁莽的，卑鄙的，厚颜无耻的 | |
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342
felon
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| n.重罪犯；adj.残忍的 | |
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343
infest
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| v.大批出没于；侵扰；寄生于 | |
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344
edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室) | |
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345
swarms
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| 蜂群，一大群( swarm的名词复数 ) | |
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346
suffocates
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| （使某人）窒息而死( suffocate的第三人称单数 )； （将某人）闷死； 让人感觉闷热； 憋气 | |
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347
calamitous
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| adj.灾难的，悲惨的；多灾多难；惨重 | |
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348
pedagogue
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| n.教师 | |
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349
arraigned
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| v.告发( arraign的过去式和过去分词 )；控告；传讯；指责 | |
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350
spawned
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| （鱼、蛙等）大量产（卵）( spawn的过去式和过去分词 )； 大量生产 | |
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351
croaking
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| v.呱呱地叫( croak的现在分词 )；用粗的声音说 | |
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352
lurked
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| vi.潜伏，埋伏（lurk的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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353
chambers
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| n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅 | |
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354
stank
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| n. (英)坝，堰，池塘 动词stink的过去式 | |
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