I sing the Sofa. I, who lately sang
Truth, Hope, and Charity, and touched with awe4
The solemn chords, and with a trembling hand,
Escaped with pain from that advent’rous flight,
Now seek repose5 upon a humbler theme:
The theme though humble6, yet august and proud
The occasion—for the Fair commands the song.
Time was, when clothing sumptuous7 or for use,
Save their own painted skins, our sires had none.
As yet black breeches were not; satin smooth,
Or velvet8 soft, or plush with shaggy pile:
The hardy9 chief upon the rugged10 rock
Washed by the sea, or on the gravelly bank
Thrown up by wintry torrents11 roaring loud,
Fearless of wrong, reposed13 his weary strength.
Those barbarous ages past, succeeded next
The birthday of invention; weak at first,
Dull in design, and clumsy to perform.
Joint-stools were then created; on three legs
Upborne they stood. Three legs upholding firm
A massy slab14, in fashion square or round.
On such a stool immortal15 Alfred sat,
And swayed the sceptre of his infant realms;
And such in ancient halls and mansions16 drear
May still be seen, but perforated sore
And drilled in holes the solid oak is found,
By worms voracious17 eating through and through.
At length a generation more refined
Improved the simple plan, made three legs four,
Gave them a twisted form vermicular,
And o’er the seat, with plenteous wadding stuffed,
Induced a splendid cover green and blue,
Yellow and red, of tapestry18 richly wrought19
And woven close, or needlework sublime20.
There might ye see the peony spread wide,
The full-blown rose, the shepherd and his lass,
Lapdog and lambkin with black staring eyes,
And parrots with twin cherries in their beak22.
Now came the cane23 from India, smooth and bright
With Nature’s varnish24; severed25 into stripes
That interlaced each other, these supplied,
Of texture26 firm, a lattice-work that braced27
The new machine, and it became a chair.
But restless was the chair; the back erect28
Distressed29 the weary loins that felt no ease;
The slippery seat betrayed the sliding part
That pressed it, and the feet hung dangling30 down,
Anxious in vain to find the distant floor.
These for the rich: the rest, whom fate had placed
In modest mediocrity, content
With base materials, sat on well-tanned hides
Obdurate31 and unyielding, glassy smooth,
With here and there a tuft of crimson32 yarn33,
Or scarlet34 crewel in the cushion fixed35:
If cushion might be called, what harder seemed
Than the firm oak of which the frame was formed.
No want of timber then was felt or feared
In Albion’s happy isle36. The lumber37 stood
Ponderous38, and fixed by its own massy weight.
But elbows still were wanting; these, some say,
An alderman of Cripplegate contrived39,
And some ascribe the invention to a priest
Burly and big, and studious of his ease.
But rude at first, and not with easy slope
Receding40 wide, they pressed against the ribs41,
And bruised42 the side, and elevated high
Taught the raised shoulders to invade the ears.
Long time elapsed or e’er our rugged sires
Complained, though incommodiously pent in,
And ill at ease behind. The ladies first
Gan murmur44, as became the softer sex.
Ingenious fancy, never better pleased
Than when employed to accommodate the fair,
Heard the sweet moan with pity, and devised
The soft settee; one elbow at each end,
And in the midst an elbow, it received,
United yet divided, twain at once.
So sit two kings of Brentford on one throne;
And so two citizens who take the air,
Close packed and smiling in a chaise and one.
But relaxation46 of the languid frame
By soft recumbency of outstretched limbs,
Was bliss47 reserved for happier days; so slow
The growth of what is excellent, so hard
To attain48 perfection in this nether49 world.
Thus first necessity invented stools,
Convenience next suggested elbow-chairs,
And luxury the accomplished50 Sofa last.
The nurse sleeps sweetly, hired to watch the sick,
Whom snoring she disturbs. As sweetly he
Who quits the coach-box at the midnight hour
To sleep within the carriage more secure,
His legs depending at the open door.
Sweet sleep enjoys the curate in his desk,
The tedious rector drawling o’er his head,
And sweet the clerk below; but neither sleep
Of lazy nurse, who snores the sick man dead,
Nor his who quits the box at midnight hour
To slumber51 in the carriage more secure,
Nor sleep enjoyed by curate in his desk,
Nor yet the dozings of the clerk are sweet,
Compared with the repose the Sofa yields.
Oh, may I live exempted52 (while I live
Guiltless of pampered53 appetite obscene)
From pangs54 arthritic55 that infest56 the toe
Of libertine57 excess. The Sofa suits
The gouty limb, ’tis true; but gouty limb,
Though on a Sofa, may I never feel:
For I have loved the rural walk through lanes
Of grassy58 swarth, close cropped by nibbling59 sheep,
And skirted thick with intertexture firm
Of thorny60 boughs61: have loved the rural walk
O’er hills, through valleys, and by river’s brink62,
E’er since a truant63 boy I passed my bounds
To enjoy a ramble64 on the banks of Thames.
And still remember, nor without regret
Of hours that sorrow since has much endeared,
How oft, my slice of pocket store consumed,
Still hungering penniless and far from home,
I fed on scarlet hips65 and stony66 haws,
Or blushing crabs67, or berries that emboss
The bramble, black as jet, or sloes austere68.
Hard fare! but such as boyish appetite
Disdains70 not, nor the palate undepraved
By culinary arts unsavoury deems.
No Sofa then awaited my return,
No Sofa then I needed. Youth repairs
His wasted spirits quickly, by long toil71
Incurring72 short fatigue73; and though our years,
As life declines, speed rapidly away,
And not a year but pilfers74 as he goes
Some youthful grace that age would gladly keep,
A tooth or auburn lock, and by degrees
Their length and colour from the locks they spare;
The elastic75 spring of an unwearied foot
That mounts the stile with ease, or leaps the fence,
That play of lungs inhaling76 and again
Respiring freely the fresh air, that makes
Swift pace or steep ascent77 no toil to me,
Mine have not pilfered78 yet; nor yet impaired79
My relish80 of fair prospect81; scenes that soothed83
Or charmed me young, no longer young, I find
Still soothing84 and of power to charm me still.
And witness, dear companion of my walks,
Whose arm this twentieth winter I perceive
Fast locked in mine, with pleasure such as love,
Confirmed by long experience of thy worth
And well-tried virtues85, could alone inspire—
Witness a joy that thou hast doubled long.
Thou know’st my praise of Nature most sincere,
And that my raptures88 are not conjured90 up
To serve occasions of poetic91 pomp,
But genuine, and art partner of them all.
How oft upon yon eminence92, our pace
Has slackened to a pause, and we have borne
The ruffling93 wind scarce conscious that it blew,
While admiration94 feeding at the eye,
And still unsated, dwelt upon the scene!
Thence with what pleasure have we just discerned
The distant plough slow-moving, and beside
His labouring team, that swerved95 not from the track,
The sturdy swain diminished to a boy!
Here Ouse, slow winding96 through a level plain
Of spacious97 meads with cattle sprinkled o’er,
Conducts the eye along his sinuous98 course
Delighted. There, fast rooted in his bank
Stand, never overlooked, our favourite elms
That screen the herdsman’s solitary99 hut;
While far beyond and overthwart the stream
That, as with molten glass, inlays the vale,
The sloping land recedes100 into the clouds;
Displaying on its varied101 side the grace
Of hedgerow beauties numberless, square tower,
Tall spire87, from which the sound of cheerful bells
Just undulates upon the listening ear;
Groves102, heaths, and smoking villages remote.
Scenes must be beautiful which daily viewed
Please daily, and whose novelty survives
Long knowledge and the scrutiny105 of years:
Praise justly due to those that I describe.
Nor rural sights alone, but rural sounds
Exhilarate the spirit, and restore
The tone of languid Nature. Mighty106 winds,
That sweep the skirt of some far-spreading wood
Of ancient growth, make music not unlike
The dash of ocean on his winding shore,
And lull107 the spirit while they fill the mind,
Unnumbered branches waving in the blast,
And all their leaves fast fluttering, all at once.
Nor less composure waits upon the roar
Of distant floods, or on the softer voice
Of neighbouring fountain, or of rills that slip
Through the cleft108 rock, and, chiming as they fall
Upon loose pebbles109, lose themselves at length
In matted grass, that with a livelier green
Betrays the secret of their silent course.
Nature inanimate employs sweet sounds,
But animated111 Nature sweeter still
To soothe82 and satisfy the human ear.
Ten thousand warblers cheer the day, and one
The livelong night: nor these alone whose notes
Nice-fingered art must emulate112 in vain,
But cawing rooks, and kites that swim sublime
In still repeated circles, screaming loud,
The jay, the pie, and even the boding113 owl104
That hails the rising moon, have charms for me.
Sounds inharmonious in themselves and harsh,
Yet heard in scenes where peace for ever reigns115,
And only there, please highly for their sake.
Peace to the artist, whose ingenious thought
Devised the weather-house, that useful toy!
Fearless of humid air and gathering116 rains
Forth steps the man—an emblem117 of myself!
More delicate his timorous118 mate retires.
When Winter soaks the fields, and female feet,
Too weak to struggle with tenacious119 clay,
Or ford45 the rivulets120, are best at home,
The task of new discoveries falls on me.
At such a season and with such a charge
Once went I forth, and found, till then unknown,
A cottage, whither oft we since repair:
’Tis perched upon the green hill-top, but close
Environed with a ring of branching elms
That overhang the thatch122, itself unseen
Peeps at the vale below; so thick beset123
With foliage124 of such dark redundant125 growth,
I called the low-roofed lodge126 the peasant’s nest.
And hidden as it is, and far remote
From such unpleasing sounds as haunt the ear
In village or in town, the bay of curs
Incessant127, clinking hammers, grinding wheels,
And infants clamorous128 whether pleased or pained,
Oft have I wished the peaceful covert129 mine.
Here, I have said, at least I should possess
The poet’s treasure, silence, and indulge
The dreams of fancy, tranquil130 and secure.
Vain thought! the dweller131 in that still retreat
Dearly obtains the refuge it affords.
Its elevated site forbids the wretch132
To drink sweet waters of the crystal well;
He dips his bowl into the weedy ditch,
And heavy-laden brings his beverage133 home,
Far-fetched and little worth: nor seldom waits
Dependent on the baker’s punctual call,
To hear his creaking panniers at the door,
Angry and sad and his last crust consumed.
So farewell envy of the peasant’s nest.
If solitude134 make scant135 the means of life,
Society for me! Thou seeming sweet,
Be still a pleasing object in my view,
My visit still, but never mine abode136.
Not distant far, a length of colonnade137
Invites us; monument of ancient taste,
Now scorned, but worthy138 of a better fate.
Our fathers knew the value of a screen
From sultry suns, and, in their shaded walks
And long-protracted bowers139, enjoyed at noon
The gloom and coolness of declining day.
We bear our shades about us; self-deprived
Of other screen, the thin umbrella spread,
And range an Indian waste without a tree.
Thanks to Benevolus—he spares me yet
These chestnuts141 ranged in corresponding lines,
And, though himself so polished, still reprieves142
The obsolete143 prolixity144 of shade.
Descending145 now (but cautious, lest too fast)
A sudden steep, upon a rustic146 bridge
We pass a gulf147, in which the willows148 dip
Their pendent boughs, stooping as if to drink.
Hence ankle-deep in moss150 and flowery thyme
We mount again, and feel at every step
Our foot half sunk in hillocks green and soft,
Raised by the mole151, the miner of the soil.
He, not unlike the great ones of mankind,
Disfigures earth, and plotting in the dark
Toils152 much to earn a monumental pile,
That may record the mischiefs153 he has done.
The summit gained, behold155 the proud alcove156
That crowns it! yet not all its pride secures
The grand retreat from injuries impressed
By rural carvers, who with knives deface
The panels, leaving an obscure rude name
In characters uncouth157, and spelt amiss.
So strong the zeal158 to immortalise himself
Beats in the breast of man, that even a few
Few transient years, won from the abyss abhorred159
Of blank oblivion, seem a glorious prize,
And even to a clown. Now roves the eye,
And posted on this speculative160 height
Exults161 in its command. The sheepfold here
Pours out its fleecy tenants162 o’er the glebe.
At first, progressive as a stream, they seek
The middle field; but scattered163 by degrees,
Each to his choice, soon whiten all the land.
There, from the sunburnt hay-field homeward creeps
The loaded wain; while, lightened of its charge,
The wain that meets it passes swiftly by,
The boorish164 driver leaning o’er his team,
Vociferous165, and impatient of delay.
Nor less attractive is the woodland scene
Diversified166 with trees of every growth,
Alike yet various. Here the gray smooth trunks
Of ash, or lime, or beech167, distinctly shine,
Within the twilight168 of their distant shades;
There, lost behind a rising ground, the wood
Seems sunk, and shortened to its topmost boughs.
No tree in all the grove103 but has its charms,
Though each its hue169 peculiar170; paler some,
And of a wannish gray; the willow149 such,
And poplar that with silver lines his leaf,
And ash far-stretching his umbrageous171 arm;
Of deeper green the elm; and deeper still,
Lord of the woods, the long-surviving oak.
Some glossy-leaved and shining in the sun,
The maple172, and the beech of oily nuts
Prolific173, and the lime at dewy eve
Diffusing174 odours; nor unnoted pass
The sycamore, capricious in attire175,
Now green, now tawny176, and ere autumn yet
Have changed the woods, in scarlet honours bright.
O’er these, but far beyond (a spacious map
Of hill and valley interposed between),
The Ouse, dividing the well-watered land,
Now glitters in the sun, and now retires,
As bashful, yet impatient to be seen.
Hence the declivity177 is sharp and short,
And such the re-ascent; between them weeps
A little Naiad her impoverished178 urn2,
All summer long, which winter fills again.
The folded gates would bar my progress now,
But that the lord of this enclosed demesne179,
Communicative of the good he owns,
Admits me to a share: the guiltless eye
Commits no wrong, nor wastes what it enjoys.
Refreshing180 change! where now the blazing sun?
By short transition we have lost his glare,
And stepped at once into a cooler clime.
Ye fallen avenues! once more I mourn
Your fate unmerited, once more rejoice
That yet a remnant of your race survives.
How airy and how light the graceful181 arch,
Yet awful as the consecrated182 roof
Re-echoing pious183 anthems184! while beneath,
The chequered earth seems restless as a flood
Brushed by the wind. So sportive is the light
Shot through the boughs, it dances as they dance,
Shadow and sunshine intermingling quick,
And darkening and enlightening, as the leaves
Play wanton, every moment, every spot.
And now, with nerves new-braced and spirits cheered,
We tread the wilderness185, whose well-rolled walks,
With curvature of slow and easy sweep—
Deception186 innocent—give ample space
To narrow bounds. The grove receives us next;
Between the upright shafts187 of whose tall elms
We may discern the thresher at his task.
Thump188 after thump resounds190 the constant flail191,
That seems to swing uncertain and yet falls
Full on the destined192 ear. Wide flies the chaff193,
The rustling194 straw sends up a frequent mist
Of atoms, sparkling in the noonday beam.
Come hither, ye that press your beds of down
And sleep not: see him sweating o’er his bread
Before he eats it.—’Tis the primal195 curse,
But softened196 into mercy; made the pledge
Of cheerful days, and nights without a groan197.
By ceaseless action, all that is subsists198.
Constant rotation199 of the unwearied wheel
That Nature rides upon, maintains her health,
Her beauty, her fertility. She dreads200
An instant’s pause, and lives but while she moves.
Its own revolvency upholds the world.
Winds from all quarters agitate202 the air,
And fit the limpid203 element for use,
Else noxious204: oceans, rivers, lakes, and streams
All feel the freshening impulse, and are cleansed205
By restless undulation: even the oak
Thrives by the rude concussion206 of the storm:
He seems indeed indignant, and to feel
The impression of the blast with proud disdain69,
Frowning as if in his unconscious arm
He held the thunder. But the monarch207 owes
His firm stability to what he scorns,
More fixed below, the more disturbed above.
The law, by which all creatures else are bound,
Binds208 man the lord of all. Himself derives209
No mean advantage from a kindred cause,
From strenuous210 toil his hours of sweetest ease.
The sedentary stretch their lazy length
When custom bids, but no refreshment211 find,
For none they need: the languid eye, the cheek
Deserted212 of its bloom, the flaccid, shrunk,
And withered213 muscle, and the vapid214 soul,
Reproach their owner with that love of rest
To which he forfeits215 even the rest he loves.
Not such the alert and active. Measure life
By its true worth, the comforts it affords,
And theirs alone seems worthy of the name
Good health, and, its associate in the most,
Good temper; spirits prompt to undertake,
And not soon spent, though in an arduous216 task;
The powers of fancy and strong thought are theirs;
Even age itself seems privileged in them
With clear exemption217 from its own defects.
A sparkling eye beneath a wrinkled front
The veteran shows, and gracing a gray beard
With youthful smiles, descends218 towards the grave
Sprightly219, and old almost without decay.
Like a coy maiden220, Ease, when courted most,
Farthest retires—an idol221, at whose shrine222
Who oftenest sacrifice are favoured least.
The love of Nature and the scene she draws
Is Nature’s dictate223. Strange, there should be found
Who, self-imprisoned224 in their proud saloons,
Renounce225 the odours of the open field
For the unscented fictions of the loom140;
Who, satisfied with only pencilled scenes,
Prefer to the performance of a God
The inferior wonders of an artist’s hand.
Lovely indeed the mimic226 works of Art,
But Nature’s works far lovelier. I admire,
None more admires, the painter’s magic skill,
Who shows me that which I shall never see,
Conveys a distant country into mine,
And throws Italian light on English walls.
But imitative strokes can do no more
Than please the eye, sweet Nature every sense.
The air salubrious of her lofty hills,
The cheering fragrance227 of her dewy vales,
And music of her woods—no works of man
May rival these; these all bespeak228 a power
Peculiar, and exclusively her own.
Beneath the open sky she spreads the feast;
’Tis free to all—’tis ev’ry day renewed,
Who scorns it, starves deservedly at home.
He does not scorn it, who, imprisoned long
In some unwholesome dungeon230, and a prey231
To sallow sickness, which the vapours dank
And clammy of his dark abode have bred
Escapes at last to liberty and light;
His cheek recovers soon its healthful hue,
His eye relumines its extinguished fires,
He walks, he leaps, he runs—is winged with joy,
And riots in the sweets of every breeze.
He does not scorn it, who has long endured
A fever’s agonies, and fed on drugs.
Nor yet the mariner232, his blood inflamed234
With acrid235 salts; his very heart athirst
To gaze at Nature in her green array.
Upon the ship’s tall side he stands, possessed236
With visions prompted by intense desire;
Fair fields appear below, such as he left
Far distant, such as he would die to find—
He seeks them headlong, and is seen no more.
The spleen is seldom felt where Flora237 reigns;
The lowering eye, the petulance238, the frown,
And sullen239 sadness that o’ershade, distort,
And mar233 the face of beauty, when no cause
For such immeasurable woe240 appears,
These Flora banishes241, and gives the fair
Sweet smiles, and bloom less transient than her own.
It is the constant revolution, stale
And tasteless, of the same repeated joys
That palls242 and satiates, and makes languid life
A pedlar’s pack that bows the bearer down.
Health suffers, and the spirits ebb110; the heart
Recoils243 from its own choice—at the full feast
Is famished—finds no music in the song,
No smartness in the jest, and wonders why.
Yet thousands still desire to journey on,
Though halt and weary of the path they tread.
The paralytic244, who can hold her cards
But cannot play them, borrows a friend’s hand
To deal and shuffle245, to divide and sort
Her mingled246 suits and sequences, and sits
Spectatress both and spectacle, a sad
And silent cipher247, while her proxy248 plays.
Others are dragged into the crowded room
Between supporters; and once seated, sit
Through downright inability to rise,
Till the stout249 bearers lift the corpse250 again.
These speak a loud memento251. Yet even these
Themselves love life, and cling to it as he,
That overhangs a torrent12, to a twig252.
They love it, and yet loathe253 it; fear to die,
Yet scorn the purposes for which they live.
Then wherefore not renounce them? No—the dread201,
The slavish dread of solitude, that breeds
Reflection and remorse254, the fear of shame,
And their inveterate255 habits, all forbid.
Whom call we gay? That honour has been long
The boast of mere256 pretenders to the name.
The innocent are gay—the lark257 is gay,
That dries his feathers saturate258 with dew
Beneath the rosy259 cloud, while yet the beams
Of day-spring overshoot his humble nest.
The peasant too, a witness of his song,
Himself a songster, is as gay as he.
But save me from the gaiety of those
Whose headaches nail them to a noonday bed;
And save me, too, from theirs whose haggard eyes
Flash desperation, and betray their pangs
For property stripped off by cruel chance;
From gaiety that fills the bones with pain,
The mouth with blasphemy260, the heart with woe.
The earth was made so various, that the mind
Of desultory261 man, studious of change,
And pleased with novelty, might be indulged.
Prospects262 however lovely may be seen
Till half their beauties fade; the weary sight,
Too well acquainted with their smiles, slides off
Fastidious, seeking less familiar scenes.
Then snug263 enclosures in the sheltered vale,
Where frequent hedges intercept264 the eye,
Delight us, happy to renounce a while,
Not senseless of its charms, what still we love,
That such short absence may endear it more.
Then forests, or the savage265 rock may please,
That hides the sea-mew in his hollow clefts266
Above the reach of man: his hoary267 head
Conspicuous268 many a league, the mariner,
Bound homeward, and in hope already there,
Greets with three cheers exulting269. At his waist
A girdle of half-withered shrubs270 he shows,
And at his feet the baffled billows die.
The common overgrown with fern, and rough
With prickly gorse, that, shapeless and deformed271
And dangerous to the touch, has yet its bloom,
And decks itself with ornaments272 of gold,
Yields no unpleasing ramble; there the turf
Smells fresh, and, rich in odoriferous herbs
And fungous fruits of earth, regales the sense
With luxury of unexpected sweets.
There often wanders one, whom better days
Saw better clad, in cloak of satin trimmed
With lace, and hat with splendid ribbon bound.
A serving-maid was she, and fell in love
With one who left her, went to sea and died.
Her fancy followed him through foaming273 waves
To distant shores, and she would sit and weep
At what a sailor suffers; fancy too,
Delusive274 most where warmest wishes are,
Would oft anticipate his glad return,
And dream of transports she was not to know.
She heard the doleful tidings of his death,
And never smiled again. And now she roams
The dreary275 waste; there spends the livelong day,
And there, unless when charity forbids,
The livelong night. A tattered276 apron277 hides,
Worn as a cloak, and hardly hides, a gown
More tattered still; and both but ill conceal278
A bosom279 heaved with never-ceasing sighs.
She begs an idle pin of all she meets,
And hoards280 them in her sleeve; but needful food,
Though pressed with hunger oft, or comelier281 clothes,
Though pinched with cold, asks never.—Kate is crazed!
I see a column of slow-rising smoke
O’ertop the lofty wood that skirts the wild.
A vagabond and useless tribe there eat
Their miserable282 meal. A kettle slung283
Between two poles upon a stick transverse,
Receives the morsel284; flesh obscene of dog,
Or vermin, or, at best, of cock purloined285
From his accustomed perch121. Hard-faring race!
They pick their fuel out of every hedge,
Which, kindled286 with dry leaves, just saves unquenched
The spark of life. The sportive wind blows wide
Their fluttering rags, and shows a tawny skin,
The vellum of the pedigree they claim.
Great skill have they in palmistry, and more
To conjure89 clean away the gold they touch,
Conveying worthless dross287 into its place;
Loud when they beg, dumb only when they steal.
Strange! that a creature rational, and cast
In human mould, should brutalise by choice
His nature, and, though capable of arts
By which the world might profit and himself,
Self-banished from society, prefer
Such squalid sloth288 to honourable289 toil.
Yet even these, though feigning290 sickness oft
They swathe the forehead, drag the limping limb,
And vex291 their flesh with artificial sores,
Can change their whine292 into a mirthful note
When safe occasion offers, and with dance,
And music of the bladder and the bag,
Beguile293 their woes294, and make the woods resound189.
Such health and gaiety of heart enjoy
The houseless rovers of the sylvan295 world;
And breathing wholesome229 air, and wandering much,
Need other physic none to heal the effects
Of loathsome296 diet, penury297, and cold.
Blest he, though undistinguished from the crowd
By wealth or dignity, who dwells secure
Where man, by nature fierce, has laid aside
His fierceness, having learnt, though slow to learn
The manners and the arts of civil life.
His wants, indeed, are many; but supply
Is obvious; placed within the easy reach
Of temperate298 wishes and industrious299 hands.
Here virtue86 thrives as in her proper soil;
Not rude and surly, and beset with thorns,
And terrible to sight, as when she springs
(If e’er she spring spontaneous) in remote
And barbarous climes, where violence prevails,
And strength is lord of all; but gentle, kind,
By culture tamed, by liberty refreshed,
And all her fruits by radiant truth matured.
War and the chase engross300 the savage whole;
War followed for revenge, or to supplant301
The envied tenants of some happier spot;
The chase for sustenance302, precarious303 trust!
His hard condition with severe constraint304
Binds all his faculties305, forbids all growth
Of wisdom, proves a school in which he learns
Sly circumvention306, unrelenting hate,
Mean self-attachment, and scarce aught beside.
Thus fare the shivering natives of the north,
And thus the rangers307 of the western world,
Where it advances far into the deep,
Towards the Antarctic. Even the favoured isles308
So lately found, although the constant sun
Cheer all their seasons with a grateful smile,
Can boast but little virtue; and inert309
Through plenty, lose in morals what they gain
In manners, victims of luxurious310 ease.
These therefore I can pity, placed remote
From all that science traces, art invents,
Or inspiration teaches; and enclosed
In boundless311 oceans, never to be passed
By navigators uninformed as they,
Or ploughed perhaps by British bark again.
But far beyond the rest, and with most cause,
Thee, gentle savage! whom no love of thee
Or thine, but curiosity perhaps,
Or else vain-glory, prompted us to draw
Forth from thy native bowers, to show thee here
With what superior skill we can abuse
The gifts of Providence312, and squander313 life.
The dream is past. And thou hast found again
Thy cocoas and bananas, palms, and yams,
And homestall thatched with leaves. But hast thou found
Their former charms? And, having seen our state,
Our palaces, our ladies, and our pomp
Of equipage, our gardens, and our sports,
And heard our music; are thy simple friends,
Thy simple fare, and all thy plain delights
As dear to thee as once? And have thy joys
Lost nothing by comparison with ours?
Rude as thou art (for we returned thee rude
And ignorant, except of outward show),
I cannot think thee yet so dull of heart
And spiritless, as never to regret
Sweets tasted here, and left as soon as known.
Methinks I see thee straying on the beach,
And asking of the surge that bathes the foot
If ever it has washed our distant shore.
I see thee weep, and thine are honest tears,
A patriot’s for his country. Thou art sad
At thought of her forlorn and abject314 state,
From which no power of thine can raise her up.
Thus fancy paints thee, and, though apt to err21,
Perhaps errs315 little when she paints thee thus.
She tells me too that duly every morn
Thou climb’st the mountain-top, with eager eye
Exploring far and wide the watery316 waste,
For sight of ship from England. Every speck317
Seen in the dim horizon turns thee pale
With conflict of contending hopes and fears.
But comes at last the dull and dusky eve,
And sends thee to thy cabin, well prepared
To dream all night of what the day denied.
Alas318, expect it not. We found no bait
To tempt319 us in thy country. Doing good,
Disinterested320 good, is not our trade.
We travel far, ’tis true, but not for naught321;
And must be bribed322 to compass earth again
By other hopes, and richer fruits than yours.
But though true worth and virtue, in the mild
And genial323 soil of cultivated life
Thrive most, and may perhaps thrive only there,
Yet not in cities oft. In proud and gay
And gain-devoted cities, thither324 flow,
As to a common and most noisome325 sewer326,
The dregs and feculence of every land.
In cities, foul327 example on most minds
Begets328 its likeness329. Rank abundance breeds
In gross and pampered cities sloth and lust330,
And wantonness and gluttonous331 excess.
In cities, vice332 is hidden with most ease,
Or seen with least reproach; and virtue, taught
By frequent lapse43, can hope no triumph there,
Beyond the achievement of successful flight.
I do confess them nurseries of the arts,
In which they flourish most; where, in the beams
Of warm encouragement, and in the eye
Of public note, they reach their perfect size.
Such London is, by taste and wealth proclaimed
The fairest capital in all the world,
By riot and incontinence the worst.
There, touched by Reynolds, a dull blank becomes
A lucid333 mirror, in which nature sees
All her reflected features. Bacon there
Gives more than female beauty to a stone,
And Chatham’s eloquence334 to marble lips.
Nor does the chisel335 occupy alone
The powers of sculpture, but the style as much;
Each province of her art her equal care.
With nice incision336 of her guided steel
She ploughs a brazen337 field, and clothes a soil
So sterile338 with what charms soe’er she will,
The richest scenery and the loveliest forms.
Where finds philosophy her eagle eye,
With which she gazes at yon burning disk
Undazzled, and detects and counts his spots?
In London. Where her implements339 exact,
With which she calculates, computes340, and scans
All distance, motion, magnitude, and now
Measures an atom, and now girds a world?
In London. Where has commerce such a mart,
So rich, so thronged341, so drained, and so supplied,
As London, opulent, enlarged, and still
Increasing London? Babylon of old
Not more the glory of the earth, than she
A more accomplished world’s chief glory now.
She has her praise. Now mark a spot or two
That so much beauty would do well to purge342;
And show this queen of cities, that so fair
May yet be foul; so witty343, yet not wise.
It is not seemly, nor of good report,
That she is slack in discipline; more prompt
To avenge344 than to prevent the breach345 of law:
That she is rigid346 in denouncing death
On petty robbers, and indulges life
And liberty, and ofttimes honour too,
To peculators of the public gold:
That thieves at home must hang; but he, that puts
Into his overgorged and bloated purse
The wealth of Indian provinces, escapes.
Nor is it well, nor can it come to good,
That through profane347 and infidel contempt
Of holy writ348, she has presumed to annul349
And abrogate350, as roundly as she may,
The total ordinance351 and will of God;
Advancing fashion to the post of truth,
And centring all authority in modes
And customs of her own, till Sabbath rites352
Have dwindled353 into unrespected forms,
And knees and hassocks are wellnigh divorced.
God made the country, and man made the town.
What wonder, then, that health and virtue, gifts
That can alone make sweet the bitter draught354
That life holds out to all, should most abound355
And least be threatened in the fields and groves?
Possess ye therefore, ye who, borne about
In chariots and sedans, know no fatigue
But that of idleness, and taste no scenes
But such as art contrives356, possess ye still
Your element; there only ye can shine,
There only minds like yours can do no harm.
Our groves were planted to console at noon
The pensive357 wanderer in their shades. At eve
The moonbeam, sliding softly in between
The sleeping leaves, is all the light they wish,
Birds warbling all the music. We can spare
The splendour of your lamps, they but eclipse
Our softer satellite. Your songs confound
Our more harmonious114 notes. The thrush departs
Scared, and the offended nightingale is mute.
There is a public mischief154 in your mirth;
It plagues your country. Folly358 such as yours,
Graced with a sword, and worthier359 of a fan,
Has made, which enemies could ne’er have done,
Our arch of empire, steadfast360 but for you,
A mutilated structure, soon to fall.
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1
briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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urn
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| n.（有座脚的）瓮；坟墓；骨灰瓮 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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sumptuous
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| adj.豪华的，奢侈的，华丽的 | |
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velvet
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| n.丝绒，天鹅绒；adj.丝绒制的，柔软的 | |
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hardy
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| adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的 | |
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rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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reposed
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| v.将（手臂等）靠在某人（某物）上( repose的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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slab
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| n.平板，厚的切片；v.切成厚板，以平板盖上 | |
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15
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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mansions
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| n.宅第，公馆，大厦( mansion的名词复数 ) | |
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17
voracious
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| adj.狼吞虎咽的，贪婪的 | |
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18
tapestry
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| n.挂毯，丰富多采的画面 | |
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19
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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20
sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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21
err
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| vi.犯错误，出差错 | |
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22
beak
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| n.鸟嘴，茶壶嘴，钩形鼻 | |
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23
cane
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| n.手杖，细长的茎，藤条；v.以杖击，以藤编制的 | |
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24
varnish
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| n.清漆；v.上清漆；粉饰 | |
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25
severed
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| v.切断，断绝( sever的过去式和过去分词 )；断，裂 | |
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26
texture
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| n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理 | |
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27
braced
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| adj.拉牢的v.支住( brace的过去式和过去分词 )；撑牢；使自己站稳；振作起来 | |
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28
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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29
distressed
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| 痛苦的 | |
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30
dangling
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| 悬吊着( dangle的现在分词 )； 摆动不定； 用某事物诱惑…； 吊胃口 | |
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31
obdurate
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| adj.固执的，顽固的 | |
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32
crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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33
yarn
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| n.纱，纱线，纺线；奇闻漫谈，旅行轶事 | |
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34
scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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35
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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36
isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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37
lumber
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| n.木材，木料；v.以破旧东西堆满；伐木；笨重移动 | |
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38
ponderous
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| adj.沉重的，笨重的，(文章)冗长的 | |
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39
contrived
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| adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的 | |
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40
receding
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的现在分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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41
ribs
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| n.肋骨( rib的名词复数 )；（船或屋顶等的）肋拱；肋骨状的东西；（织物的）凸条花纹 | |
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42
bruised
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| [医]青肿的，瘀紫的 | |
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43
lapse
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| n.过失，流逝，失效，抛弃信仰，间隔；vi.堕落，停止，失效，流逝；vt.使失效 | |
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44
murmur
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| n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言 | |
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45
Ford
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| n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过 | |
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46
relaxation
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| n.松弛，放松；休息；消遣；娱乐 | |
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47
bliss
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| n.狂喜，福佑，天赐的福 | |
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48
attain
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| vt.达到，获得，完成 | |
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49
nether
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| adj.下部的，下面的；n.阴间；下层社会 | |
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50
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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51
slumber
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| n.睡眠，沉睡状态 | |
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52
exempted
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| 使免除[豁免]( exempt的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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53
pampered
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| adj.饮食过量的，饮食奢侈的v.纵容，宠，娇养( pamper的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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54
pangs
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| 突然的剧痛( pang的名词复数 )； 悲痛 | |
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55
arthritic
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| adj.关节炎的 | |
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56
infest
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| v.大批出没于；侵扰；寄生于 | |
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57
libertine
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| n.淫荡者；adj.放荡的，自由思想的 | |
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58
grassy
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| adj.盖满草的；长满草的 | |
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59
nibbling
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| v.啃，一点一点地咬（吃）( nibble的现在分词 )；啃出（洞），一点一点咬出（洞）；慢慢减少；小口咬 | |
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60
thorny
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| adj.多刺的，棘手的 | |
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61
boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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62
brink
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| n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿 | |
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63
truant
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| n.懒惰鬼，旷课者；adj.偷懒的，旷课的，游荡的；v.偷懒，旷课 | |
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64
ramble
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| v.漫步，漫谈，漫游；n.漫步，闲谈，蔓延 | |
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65
hips
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| abbr.high impact polystyrene 高冲击强度聚苯乙烯，耐冲性聚苯乙烯n.臀部( hip的名词复数 )；[建筑学]屋脊；臀围（尺寸）；臀部…的 | |
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66
stony
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| adj.石头的，多石头的，冷酷的，无情的 | |
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67
crabs
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| n.蟹( crab的名词复数 )；阴虱寄生病；蟹肉v.捕蟹( crab的第三人称单数 ) | |
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68
austere
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| adj.艰苦的；朴素的，朴实无华的；严峻的 | |
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69
disdain
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| n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑 | |
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70
disdains
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| 鄙视，轻蔑( disdain的名词复数 ) | |
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71
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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72
incurring
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| 遭受，招致，引起( incur的现在分词 ) | |
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73
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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74
pilfers
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| v.偷窃（小东西），小偷( pilfer的第三人称单数 )；偷窃（一般指小偷小摸） | |
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75
elastic
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| n.橡皮圈，松紧带；adj.有弹性的；灵活的 | |
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76
inhaling
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| v.吸入( inhale的现在分词 ) | |
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77
ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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78
pilfered
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| v.偷窃（小东西），小偷( pilfer的过去式和过去分词 )；偷窃（一般指小偷小摸） | |
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79
impaired
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| adj.受损的；出毛病的；有（身体或智力）缺陷的v.损害，削弱( impair的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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80
relish
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| n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味 | |
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81
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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82
soothe
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| v.安慰；使平静；使减轻；缓和；奉承 | |
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83
soothed
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| v.安慰( soothe的过去式和过去分词 )；抚慰；使舒服；减轻痛苦 | |
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84
soothing
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| adj.慰藉的；使人宽心的；镇静的 | |
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85
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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86
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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87
spire
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| n.(教堂)尖顶，尖塔，高点 | |
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88
raptures
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| 极度欢喜( rapture的名词复数 ) | |
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89
conjure
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| v.恳求，祈求；变魔术，变戏法 | |
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90
conjured
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| 用魔术变出( conjure的过去式和过去分词 )； 祈求，恳求； 变戏法； （变魔术般地） 使…出现 | |
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91
poetic
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| adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的 | |
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92
eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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93
ruffling
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| 弄皱( ruffle的现在分词 )； 弄乱； 激怒； 扰乱 | |
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94
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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95
swerved
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| v.（使）改变方向，改变目的( swerve的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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96
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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97
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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98
sinuous
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| adj.蜿蜒的，迂回的 | |
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99
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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100
recedes
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的第三人称单数 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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101
varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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102
groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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103
grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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104
owl
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| n.猫头鹰，枭 | |
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105
scrutiny
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| n.详细检查，仔细观察 | |
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106
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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107
lull
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| v.使安静，使入睡，缓和，哄骗；n.暂停，间歇 | |
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108
cleft
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| n.裂缝；adj.裂开的 | |
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109
pebbles
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| [复数]鹅卵石； 沙砾； 卵石，小圆石( pebble的名词复数 ) | |
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110
ebb
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| vi.衰退，减退；n.处于低潮，处于衰退状态 | |
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111
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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112
emulate
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| v.努力赶上或超越，与…竞争；效仿 | |
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113
boding
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| adj.凶兆的，先兆的n.凶兆，前兆，预感v.预示，预告，预言( bode的现在分词 )；等待，停留( bide的过去分词 )；居住；（过去式用bided）等待 | |
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114
harmonious
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| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
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115
reigns
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| n.君主的统治( reign的名词复数 )；君主统治时期；任期；当政期 | |
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116
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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117
emblem
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| n.象征，标志；徽章 | |
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118
timorous
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| adj.胆怯的，胆小的 | |
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119
tenacious
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| adj.顽强的，固执的，记忆力强的，粘的 | |
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120
rivulets
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| n.小河，小溪( rivulet的名词复数 ) | |
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121
perch
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| n.栖木，高位，杆；v.栖息，就位，位于 | |
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122
thatch
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| vt.用茅草覆盖…的顶部；n.茅草(屋) | |
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123
beset
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| v.镶嵌；困扰，包围 | |
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124
foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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125
redundant
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| adj.多余的，过剩的；(食物)丰富的；被解雇的 | |
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126
lodge
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| v.临时住宿，寄宿，寄存，容纳；n.传达室，小旅馆 | |
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127
incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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128
clamorous
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| adj.吵闹的，喧哗的 | |
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129
covert
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| adj.隐藏的；暗地里的 | |
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130
tranquil
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| adj. 安静的, 宁静的, 稳定的, 不变的 | |
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131
dweller
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| n.居住者，住客 | |
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132
wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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133
beverage
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| n.(水，酒等之外的)饮料 | |
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134
solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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135
scant
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| adj.不充分的，不足的；v.减缩，限制，忽略 | |
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136
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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137
colonnade
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| n.柱廊 | |
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138
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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139
bowers
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| n.（女子的）卧室( bower的名词复数 )；船首锚；阴凉处；鞠躬的人 | |
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140
loom
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| n.织布机，织机；v.隐现，(危险、忧虑等)迫近 | |
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141
chestnuts
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| n.栗子( chestnut的名词复数 )；栗色；栗树；栗色马 | |
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142
reprieves
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| n.（死刑）缓期执行令( reprieve的名词复数 )；暂缓，暂止v.缓期执行（死刑）( reprieve的第三人称单数 ) | |
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143
obsolete
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| adj.已废弃的，过时的 | |
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144
prolixity
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| n.冗长，罗嗦 | |
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145
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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146
rustic
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| adj.乡村的，有乡村特色的；n.乡下人，乡巴佬 | |
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147
gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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148
willows
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| n.柳树( willow的名词复数 )；柳木 | |
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149
willow
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| n.柳树 | |
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150
moss
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| n.苔，藓，地衣 | |
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151
mole
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| n.胎块；痣；克分子 | |
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152
toils
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| 网 | |
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153
mischiefs
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| 损害( mischief的名词复数 )； 危害； 胡闹； 调皮捣蛋的人 | |
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154
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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155
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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156
alcove
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| n.凹室 | |
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157
uncouth
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| adj.无教养的，粗鲁的 | |
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158
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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159
abhorred
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| v.憎恶( abhor的过去式和过去分词 )；（厌恶地）回避；拒绝；淘汰 | |
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160
speculative
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| adj.思索性的，暝想性的，推理的 | |
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161
exults
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| 狂喜，欢跃( exult的第三人称单数 ) | |
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162
tenants
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| n.房客( tenant的名词复数 )；佃户；占用者；占有者 | |
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163
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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164
boorish
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| adj.粗野的，乡巴佬的 | |
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165
vociferous
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| adj.喧哗的，大叫大嚷的 | |
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166
diversified
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| adj.多样化的，多种经营的v.使多样化，多样化( diversify的过去式和过去分词 )；进入新的商业领域 | |
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167
beech
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| n.山毛榉；adj.山毛榉的 | |
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168
twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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169
hue
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| n.色度；色调；样子 | |
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170
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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171
umbrageous
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| adj.多荫的 | |
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172
maple
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| n.槭树，枫树，槭木 | |
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173
prolific
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| adj.丰富的，大量的；多产的，富有创造力的 | |
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174
diffusing
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| （使光）模糊，漫射，漫散( diffuse的现在分词 )； （使）扩散； （使）弥漫； （使）传播 | |
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175
attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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176
tawny
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| adj.茶色的，黄褐色的；n.黄褐色 | |
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177
declivity
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| n.下坡，倾斜面 | |
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178
impoverished
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|
| adj.穷困的，无力的，用尽了的v.使（某人）贫穷( impoverish的过去式和过去分词 )；使（某物）贫瘠或恶化 | |
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179
demesne
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| n.领域，私有土地 | |
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180
refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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181
graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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182
consecrated
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|
| adj.神圣的，被视为神圣的v.把…奉为神圣，给…祝圣( consecrate的过去式和过去分词 )；奉献 | |
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183
pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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184
anthems
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| n.赞美诗( anthem的名词复数 )；圣歌；赞歌；颂歌 | |
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185
wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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186
deception
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| n.欺骗，欺诈；骗局，诡计 | |
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187
shafts
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| n.轴( shaft的名词复数 )；（箭、高尔夫球棒等的）杆；通风井；一阵（疼痛、害怕等） | |
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188
thump
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| v.重击，砰然地响；n.重击，重击声 | |
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189
resound
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| v.回响 | |
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190
resounds
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| v.（指声音等）回荡于某处( resound的第三人称单数 )；产生回响；（指某处）回荡着声音 | |
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191
flail
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| v.用连枷打；击打；n.连枷（脱粒用的工具） | |
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192
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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193
chaff
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| v.取笑，嘲笑；n.谷壳 | |
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194
rustling
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| n. 瑟瑟声，沙沙声 adj. 发沙沙声的 | |
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195
primal
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| adj.原始的；最重要的 | |
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196
softened
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| （使）变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 )； 缓解打击； 缓和； 安慰 | |
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197
groan
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| vi./n.呻吟，抱怨；(发出)呻吟般的声音 | |
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198
subsists
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| v.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去( subsist的第三人称单数 ) | |
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199
rotation
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| n.旋转；循环，轮流 | |
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200
dreads
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| n.恐惧，畏惧( dread的名词复数 )；令人恐惧的事物v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的第三人称单数 ) | |
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201
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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202
agitate
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| vi.(for,against)煽动，鼓动；vt.搅动 | |
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203
limpid
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| adj.清澈的，透明的 | |
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204
noxious
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| adj.有害的，有毒的；使道德败坏的，讨厌的 | |
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205
cleansed
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| 弄干净，清洗( cleanse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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206
concussion
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| n.脑震荡；震动 | |
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207
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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208
binds
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| v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 )；装订；捆绑；（用长布条）缠绕 | |
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209
derives
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| v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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210
strenuous
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| adj.奋发的，使劲的；紧张的；热烈的，狂热的 | |
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211
refreshment
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| n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点 | |
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212
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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213
withered
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| adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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214
vapid
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| adj.无味的；无生气的 | |
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215
forfeits
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| 罚物游戏 | |
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216
arduous
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| adj.艰苦的，费力的，陡峭的 | |
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217
exemption
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| n.豁免，免税额，免除 | |
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218
descends
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| v.下来( descend的第三人称单数 )；下去；下降；下斜 | |
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219
sprightly
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| adj.愉快的，活泼的 | |
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220
maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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221
idol
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| n.偶像，红人，宠儿 | |
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222
shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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223
dictate
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| v.口授；(使)听写；指令，指示，命令 | |
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224
imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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225
renounce
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| v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系 | |
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226
mimic
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| v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人 | |
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227
fragrance
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| n.芬芳，香味，香气 | |
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228
bespeak
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| v.预定；预先请求 | |
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229
wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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230
dungeon
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| n.地牢，土牢 | |
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231
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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232
mariner
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| n.水手号不载人航天探测器，海员，航海者 | |
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233
mar
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| vt.破坏，毁坏，弄糟 | |
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234
inflamed
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| adj.发炎的，红肿的v.（使）变红，发怒，过热( inflame的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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235
acrid
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| adj.辛辣的，尖刻的，刻薄的 | |
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236
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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237
flora
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| n.(某一地区的)植物群 | |
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238
petulance
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| n.发脾气，生气，易怒，暴躁，性急 | |
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239
sullen
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| adj.愠怒的，闷闷不乐的，(天气等)阴沉的 | |
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240
woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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241
banishes
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的第三人称单数 ) | |
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242
palls
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| n.柩衣( pall的名词复数 )；墓衣；棺罩；深色或厚重的覆盖物v.（因过多或过久而）生厌，感到乏味，厌烦( pall的第三人称单数 ) | |
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243
recoils
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|
| n.（尤指枪炮的）反冲，后坐力( recoil的名词复数 )v.畏缩( recoil的第三人称单数 )；退缩；报应；返回 | |
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244
paralytic
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|
| adj. 瘫痪的 n. 瘫痪病人 | |
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245
shuffle
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| n.拖著脚走，洗纸牌；v.拖曳，慢吞吞地走 | |
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246
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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247
cipher
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| n.零；无影响力的人；密码 | |
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248
proxy
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| n.代理权，代表权；（对代理人的）委托书；代理人 | |
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250
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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251
memento
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|
| n.纪念品，令人回忆的东西 | |
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252
twig
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| n.小树枝，嫩枝；v.理解 | |
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253
loathe
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| v.厌恶，嫌恶 | |
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254
remorse
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|
| n.痛恨，悔恨，自责 | |
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255
inveterate
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|
| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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256
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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257
lark
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| n.云雀，百灵鸟；n.嬉戏，玩笑；vi.嬉戏 | |
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258
saturate
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| vt.使湿透，浸透；使充满，使饱和 | |
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259
rosy
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|
| adj.美好的，乐观的，玫瑰色的 | |
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260
blasphemy
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| n.亵渎，渎神 | |
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261
desultory
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|
| adj.散漫的，无方法的 | |
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262
prospects
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| n.希望，前途(恒为复数) | |
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263
snug
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| adj.温暖舒适的，合身的，安全的；v.使整洁干净，舒适地依靠，紧贴；n.（英）酒吧里的私房 | |
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264
intercept
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| vt.拦截，截住，截击 | |
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265
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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266
clefts
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|
| n.裂缝( cleft的名词复数 )；裂口；cleave的过去式和过去分词；进退维谷 | |
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267
hoary
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| adj.古老的；鬓发斑白的 | |
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268
conspicuous
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|
| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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269
exulting
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| vi. 欢欣鼓舞，狂喜 | |
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270
shrubs
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| 灌木( shrub的名词复数 ) | |
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271
deformed
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|
| adj.畸形的；变形的；丑的，破相了的 | |
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272
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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273
foaming
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| adj.布满泡沫的；发泡 | |
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274
delusive
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| adj.欺骗的，妄想的 | |
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275
dreary
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|
| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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276
tattered
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| adj.破旧的，衣衫破的 | |
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277
apron
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| n.围裙；工作裙 | |
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278
conceal
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|
| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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279
bosom
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|
| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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280
hoards
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| n.（钱财、食物或其他珍贵物品的）储藏，积存( hoard的名词复数 )v.积蓄并储藏（某物）( hoard的第三人称单数 ) | |
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281
comelier
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|
| adj.英俊的，好看的( comely的比较级 ) | |
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282
miserable
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|
| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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283
slung
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| 抛( sling的过去式和过去分词 )； 吊挂； 遣送； 押往 | |
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284
morsel
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| n.一口，一点点 | |
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285
purloined
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|
| v.偷窃( purloin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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286
kindled
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|
| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
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287
dross
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|
| n.渣滓；无用之物 | |
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288
sloth
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|
| n.[动]树懒；懒惰，懒散 | |
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289
honourable
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|
| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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290
feigning
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| 假装，伪装( feign的现在分词 )； 捏造（借口、理由等） | |
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291
vex
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| vt.使烦恼，使苦恼 | |
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292
whine
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|
| v.哀号，号哭；n.哀鸣 | |
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293
beguile
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| vt.欺骗，消遣 | |
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294
woes
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|
| 困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉 | |
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295
sylvan
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| adj.森林的 | |
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296
loathsome
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|
| adj.讨厌的，令人厌恶的 | |
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297
penury
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| n.贫穷，拮据 | |
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298
temperate
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|
| adj.温和的，温带的，自我克制的，不过分的 | |
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299
industrious
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|
| adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的 | |
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300
engross
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|
| v.使全神贯注 | |
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301
supplant
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| vt.排挤；取代 | |
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302
sustenance
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|
| n.食物，粮食；生活资料；生计 | |
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303
precarious
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|
| adj.不安定的，靠不住的；根据不足的 | |
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304
constraint
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| n.(on)约束，限制；限制(或约束)性的事物 | |
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305
faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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306
circumvention
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| n.陷害，欺骗 | |
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307
rangers
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| 护林者( ranger的名词复数 )； 突击队员 | |
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308
isles
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| 岛( isle的名词复数 ) | |
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309
inert
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|
| adj.无活动能力的，惰性的；迟钝的 | |
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310
luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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311
boundless
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|
| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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312
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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313
squander
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| v.浪费，挥霍 | |
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314
abject
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| adj.极可怜的，卑屈的 | |
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315
errs
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| 犯错误，做错事( err的第三人称单数 ) | |
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316
watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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317
speck
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| n.微粒，小污点，小斑点 | |
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318
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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319
tempt
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| vt.引诱，勾引，吸引，引起…的兴趣 | |
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320
disinterested
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| adj.不关心的，不感兴趣的 | |
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321
naught
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| n.无，零 [=nought] | |
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322
bribed
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| v.贿赂( bribe的过去式和过去分词 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂 | |
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323
genial
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| adj.亲切的，和蔼的，愉快的，脾气好的 | |
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324
thither
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|
| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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325
noisome
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|
| adj.有害的，可厌的 | |
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326
sewer
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| n.排水沟，下水道 | |
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327
foul
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|
| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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328
begets
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| v.为…之生父( beget的第三人称单数 )；产生，引起 | |
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329
likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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330
lust
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|
| n.性(淫)欲；渴(欲)望；vi.对…有强烈的欲望 | |
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331
gluttonous
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|
| adj.贪吃的，贪婪的 | |
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332
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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333
lucid
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| adj.明白易懂的，清晰的，头脑清楚的 | |
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334
eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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335
chisel
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| n.凿子；v.用凿子刻，雕，凿 | |
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336
incision
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| n．切口，切开 | |
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337
brazen
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| adj.厚脸皮的，无耻的，坚硬的 | |
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338
sterile
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| adj.不毛的，不孕的，无菌的，枯燥的，贫瘠的 | |
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339
implements
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|
| n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效 | |
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340
computes
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|
| v.计算，估算( compute的第三人称单数 ) | |
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341
thronged
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|
| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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342
purge
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|
| n.整肃，清除，泻药，净化；vt.净化，清除，摆脱；vi.清除，通便，腹泻，变得清洁 | |
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343
witty
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|
| adj.机智的，风趣的 | |
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344
avenge
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| v.为...复仇，为...报仇 | |
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345
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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346
rigid
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|
| adj.严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的 | |
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347
profane
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|
| adj.亵神的，亵渎的；vt.亵渎，玷污 | |
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348
writ
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| n.命令状，书面命令 | |
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349
annul
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|
| v.宣告…无效，取消，废止 | |
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350
abrogate
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| v.废止，废除 | |
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351
ordinance
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| n.法令；条令；条例 | |
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352
rites
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| 仪式，典礼( rite的名词复数 ) | |
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353
dwindled
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| v.逐渐变少或变小( dwindle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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354
draught
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| n.拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风；v.起草，设计 | |
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355
abound
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| vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于 | |
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356
contrives
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| （不顾困难地）促成某事( contrive的第三人称单数 )； 巧妙地策划，精巧地制造（如机器）； 设法做到 | |
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357
pensive
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| a.沉思的,哀思的,忧沉的 | |
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358
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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359
worthier
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| 应得某事物( worthy的比较级 )； 值得做某事； 可尊敬的； 有（某人或事物）的典型特征 | |
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360
steadfast
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| adj.固定的，不变的，不动摇的；忠实的；坚贞不移的 | |
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