Ascending2, fires the horizon; while the clouds,
That crowd away before the driving wind,
More ardent3 as the disk emerges more,
Resemble most some city in a blaze,
Seen through the leafless wood. His slanting4 ray
Slides ineffectual down the snowy vale,
And, tingeing5 all with his own rosy6 hue7,
From every herb and every spiry8 blade
Stretches a length of shadow o’er the field,
Mine, spindling into longitude9 immense,
In spite of gravity, and sage10 remark
That I myself am but a fleeting11 shade,
Provokes me to a smile. With eye askance
I view the muscular proportioned limb
Transformed to a lean shank; the shapeless pair,
As they designed to mock me, at my side
Take step for step, and, as I near approach
The cottage, walk along the plastered wall,
Preposterous13 sight, the legs without the man.
The verdure of the plain lies buried deep
Beneath the dazzling deluge14, and the bents
And coarser grass upspearing o’er the rest,
Of late unsightly and unseen, now shine
Conspicuous15, and, in bright apparel clad,
And fledged with icy feathers, nod superb.
The cattle mourn in corners, where the fence
Screens them, and seem, half petrified16, to sleep
In unrecumbent sadness. There they wait
Their wonted fodder17, not, like hungering man,
Fretful if unsupplied, but silent, meek18,
And patient of the slow-paced swain’s delay.
He from the stack carves out the accustomed load,
Deep-plunging19, and again deep-plunging oft
His broad keen knife into the solid mass:
Smooth as a wall the upright remnant stands,
With such undeviating and even force
He severs20 it away: no needless care,
Lest storms should overset the leaning pile
Deciduous21, or its own unbalanced weight.
Forth22 goes the woodman, leaving unconcerned
The cheerful haunts of man, to wield23 the axe24
And drive the wedge in yonder forest drear,
From morn to eve his solitary25 task.
Shaggy and lean and shrewd, with pointed26 ears
And tail cropped short, half lurcher and half cur,
His dog attends him. Close behind his heel
Now creeps he slow, and now with many a frisk,
Wide-scampering, snatches up the drifted snow
With ivory teeth, or ploughs it with his snout;
Then shakes his powdered coat and barks for joy.
Heedless of all his pranks27 the sturdy churl28
Moves right toward the mark; nor stops for aught,
But now and then, with pressure of his thumb,
To adjust the fragrant29 charge of a short tube,
That fumes31 beneath his nose; the trailing cloud
Streams far behind him, scenting33 all the air.
Now from the roost, or from the neighbouring pale,
Where, diligent34 to catch the first faint gleam
Of smiling day, they gossiped side by side,
Come trooping at the housewife’s well-known call
The feathered tribes domestic; half on wing,
And half on foot, they brush the fleecy flood,
Conscious, and fearful of too deep a plunge35.
The sparrows peep, and quit the sheltering eaves
To seize the fair occasion; well they eye
The scattered36 grain, and, thievishly resolved
To escape the impending37 famine, often scared
As oft return, a pert, voracious38 kind.
Clean riddance quickly made, one only care
Remains39 to each, the search of sunny nook,
Or shed impervious40 to the blast. Resigned
To sad necessity the cock foregoes
His wonted strut41, and, wading42 at their head
With well-considered steps, seems to resent
His altered gait, and stateliness retrenched43.
How find the myriads44, that in summer cheer
The hills and valleys with their ceaseless songs,
Due sustenance45, or where subsist46 they now?
Earth yields them naught47: the imprisoned48 worm is safe
Beneath the frozen clod; all seeds of herbs
Lie covered close, and berry-bearing thorns
That feed the thrush (whatever some suppose),
Afford the smaller minstrel no supply.
The long-protracted rigour of the year
Thins all their numerous flocks. In chinks and holes
Ten thousand seek an unmolested end,
As instinct prompts, self-buried ere they die.
The very rooks and daws forsake49 the fields,
Where neither grub nor root nor earth-nut now
Repays their labour more; and perched aloft
By the way-side, or stalking in the path,
Lean pensioners50 upon the traveller’s track,
Pick up their nauseous dole51, though sweet to them,
Of voided pulse, or half-digested grain.
The streams are lost amid the splendid blank,
O’erwhelming all distinction. On the flood
Indurated and fixed52 the snowy weight
Lies undissolved, while silently beneath
And unperceived the current steals away;
Not so where, scornful of a check, it leaps
The mill-dam, dashes on the restless wheel,
And wantons in the pebbly53 gulf54 below.
No frost can bind55 it there. Its utmost force
Can but arrest the light and smoky mist
That in its fall the liquid sheet throws wide.
And see where it has hung the embroidered56 banks
With forms so various, that no powers of art,
The pencil, or the pen, may trace the scene!
Here glittering turrets57 rise, upbearing high
(Fantastic misarrangement) on the roof
Large growth of what may seem the sparkling trees
And shrubs58 of fairy land. The crystal drops
That trickle59 down the branches, fast congealed60,
Shoot into pillars of pellucid61 length
And prop12 the pile they but adorned62 before.
Here grotto64 within grotto safe defies
The sunbeam. There imbossed and fretted65 wild,
The growing wonder takes a thousand shapes
Capricious, in which fancy seeks in vain
The likeness66 of some object seen before.
Thus nature works as if to mock at art,
And in defiance67 of her rival powers;
By these fortuitous and random68 strokes
Performing such inimitable feats69,
As she with all her rules can never reach.
Less worthy70 of applause though more admired,
Because a novelty, the work of man,
Imperial mistress of the fur-clad Russ,
Thy most magnificent and mighty71 freak,
The wonder of the North. No forest fell
When thou wouldst build; no quarry72 sent its stores
To enrich thy walls; but thou didst hew73 the floods,
And make thy marble of the glassy wave.
In such a palace Aristaeus found
Cyrene, when he bore the plaintive74 tale
Of his lost bees to her maternal75 ear.
In such a palace poetry might place
The armoury of winter, where his troops,
The gloomy clouds, find weapons, arrowy sleet76,
Skin-piercing volley, blossom-bruising hail,
And snow that often blinds the traveller’s course,
And wraps him in an unexpected tomb.
Silently as a dream the fabric77 rose.
No sound of hammer or of saw was there.
Ice upon ice, the well-adjusted parts
Were soon conjoined, nor other cement asked
Than water interfused to make them one.
Lamps gracefully78 disposed, and of all hues79,
Illumined every side. A watery80 light
Gleamed through the clear transparency, that seemed
Another moon new-risen, or meteor fallen
From heaven to earth, of lambent flame serene81.
So stood the brittle82 prodigy83, though smooth
And slippery the materials, yet frost-bound
Firm as a rock. Nor wanted aught within
That royal residence might well befit,
For grandeur84 or for use. Long wavy85 wreaths
Of flowers, that feared no enemy but warmth,
Blushed on the panels. Mirror needed none
Where all was vitreous, but in order due
Convivial86 table and commodious87 seat
(What seemed at least commodious seat) were there,
Sofa and couch and high-built throne august.
The same lubricity was found in all,
And all was moist to the warm touch; a scene
Of evanescent glory, once a stream,
And soon to slide into a stream again.
Alas88, ’twas but a mortifying89 stroke
Of undesigned severity, that glanced
(Made by a monarch) on her own estate,
On human grandeur and the courts of kings
’Twas transient in its nature, as in show
’Twas durable90; as worthless, as it seemed
Intrinsically precious; to the foot
Treacherous91 and false; it smiled, and it was cold.
Great princes have great playthings. Some have played
At hewing92 mountains into men, and some
At building human wonders mountain high.
Some have amused the dull sad years of life
(Life spent in indolence, and therefore sad)
With schemes of monumental fame, and sought
By pyramids and mausoleum pomp,
Short-lived themselves, to immortalise their bones.
Some seek diversion in the tented field,
And make the sorrows of mankind their sport.
But war’s a game which, were their subjects wise,
Kings should not play at. Nations would do well
To extort95 their truncheons from the puny96 hands
Of heroes whose infirm and baby minds
Are gratified with mischief97, and who spoil,
Because men suffer it, their toy the world.
When Babel was confounded, and the great
Confederacy of projectors98 wild and vain
Was split into diversity of tongues,
Then, as a shepherd separates his flock,
These to the upland, to the valley those,
God drave asunder99 and assigned their lot
To all the nations. Ample was the boon100
He gave them, in its distribution fair
And equal, and he bade them dwell in peace.
Peace was a while their care. They ploughed and sowed,
And reaped their plenty without grudge101 or strife102,
But violence can never longer sleep
Than human passions please. In every heart
Are sown the sparks that kindle103 fiery104 war,
Occasion needs but fan them, and they blaze.
Cain had already shed a brother’s blood:
The Deluge washed it out; but left unquenched
The seeds of murder in the breast of man.
Soon, by a righteous judgment105, in the line
Of his descending106 progeny107 was found
The first artificer of death; the shrewd
Contriver108 who first sweated at the forge,
And forced the blunt and yet unblooded steel
To a keen edge, and made it bright for war.
Him Tubal named, the Vulcan of old times,
The sword and falchion their inventor claim,
And the first smith was the first murderer’s son.
His art survived the waters; and ere long,
When man was multiplied and spread abroad
In tribes and clans109, and had begun to call
These meadows and that range of hills his own,
The tasted sweets of property begat
Desire of more; and industry in some
To improve and cultivate their just demesne110,
Made others covet111 what they saw so fair.
Thus wars began on earth. These fought for spoil,
And those in self-defence. Savage112 at first
The onset113, and irregular. At length
One eminent114 above the rest, for strength,
For stratagem115, or courage, or for all,
Was chosen leader. Him they served in war,
And him in peace for sake of warlike deeds
Reverenced117 no less. Who could with him compare?
Or who so worthy to control themselves
As he, whose prowess had subdued118 their foes119?
Thus war, affording field for the display
Of virtue120, made one chief, whom times of peace,
Which have their exigencies121 too, and call
For skill in government, at length made king.
King was a name too proud for man to wear
With modesty122 and meekness123, and the crown,
So dazzling in their eyes who set it on,
Was sure to intoxicate124 the brows it bound.
It is the abject125 property of most,
That being parcel of the common mass,
And destitute126 of means to raise themselves,
They sink and settle lower than they need.
They know not what it is to feel within
A comprehensive faculty127, that grasps
Great purposes with ease, that turns and wields128,
Almost without an effort, plans too vast
For their conception, which they cannot move.
Conscious of impotence they soon grow drunk
With gazing, when they see an able man
Step forth to notice; and besotted thus
Build him a pedestal and say—Stand there,
And be our admiration129 and our praise.
They roll themselves before him in the dust,
Then most deserving in their own account
When most extravagant130 in his applause,
As if exalting131 him they raised themselves.
Thus by degrees, self-cheated of their sound
And sober judgment that he is but man,
They demi-deify and fume32 him so
That in due season he forgets it too.
Inflated132 and astrut with self-conceit
He gulps133 the windy diet, and ere long,
Adopting their mistake, profoundly thinks
The world was made in vain if not for him.
Thenceforth they are his cattle: drudges134, born
To bear his burdens, drawing in his gears,
And sweating in his service. His caprice
Becomes the soul that animates136 them all.
He deems a thousand, or ten thousand lives,
Spent in the purchase of renown137 for him
An easy reckoning, and they think the same.
Thus kings were first invented, and thus kings
Were burnished138 into heroes, and became
The arbiters139 of this terraqueous swamp;
Storks140 among frogs, that have but croaked141 and died.
Strange that such folly142, as lifts bloated man
To eminence143 fit only for a god,
Should ever drivel out of human lips,
Even in the cradled weakness of the world!
Still stranger much, that when at length mankind
Had reached the sinewy144 firmness of their youth,
And could discriminate145 and argue well
On subjects more mysterious, they were yet
Babes in the cause of freedom, and should fear
And quake before the gods themselves had made.
But above measure strange, that neither proof
Of sad experience, nor examples set
By some whose patriot146 virtue has prevailed,
Can even now, when they are grown mature
In wisdom, and with philosophic147 deeps
Familiar, serve to emancipate148 the rest!
Such dupes are men to custom, and so prone149
To reverence116 what is ancient, and can plead
A course of long observance for its use,
That even servitude, the worst of ills,
Because delivered down from sire to son,
Is kept and guarded as a sacred thing.
But is it fit, or can it bear the shock
Of rational discussion, that a man,
Compounded and made up like other men
Of elements tumultuous, in whom lust150
And folly in as ample measure meet,
As in the bosoms151 of the slaves he rules,
Should be a despot absolute, and boast
Himself the only freeman of his land?
Should when he pleases, and on whom he will,
Wage war, with any or with no pretence152
Of provocation153 given, or wrong sustained,
And force the beggarly last doit, by means
That his own humour dictates154, from the clutch
Of poverty, that thus he may procure155
His thousands, weary of penurious156 life,
A splendid opportunity to die?
Say ye, who (with less prudence157 than of old
Jotham ascribed to his assembled trees
In politic158 convention) put your trust
I’ th’ shadow of a bramble, and recline
In fancied peace beneath his dangerous branch,
Rejoice in him and celebrate his sway,
Where find ye passive fortitude159? Whence springs
Your self-denying zeal160 that holds it good
To stroke the prickly grievance161, and to hang
His thorns with streamers of continual praise?
We too are friends to loyalty162; we love
The king who loves the law, respects his bounds.
And reigns163 content within them; him we serve
Freely and with delight, who leaves us free;
But recollecting164 still that he is man,
We trust him not too far. King though he be,
And king in England, too, he may be weak
And vain enough to be ambitious still,
May exercise amiss his proper powers,
Or covet more than freemen choose to grant:
Beyond that mark is treason. He is ours,
To administer, to guard, to adorn63 the state,
But not to warp165 or change it. We are his,
To serve him nobly in the common cause
True to the death, but not to be his slaves.
Mark now the difference, ye that boast your love
Of kings, between your loyalty and ours.
We love the man; the paltry166 pageant167 you:
We the chief patron of the commonwealth168;
You the regardless author of its woes169:
We, for the sake of liberty, a king;
You chains and bondage171 for a tyrant’s sake.
Our love is principle, and has its root
In reason, is judicious172, manly173, free;
Yours, a blind instinct, crouches174 to the rod,
And licks the foot that treads it in the dust.
Were kingship as true treasure as it seems,
Sterling175, and worthy of a wise man’s wish,
I would not be a king to be beloved
Causeless, and daubed with undiscerning praise,
Where love is more attachment176 to the throne,
Not to the man who fills it as he ought.
Whose freedom is by sufferance, and at will
Of a superior, he is never free.
Who lives, and is not weary of a life
Exposed to manacles, deserves them well.
The state that strives for liberty, though foiled
And forced to abandon what she bravely sought,
Deserves at least applause for her attempt,
And pity for her loss. But that’s a cause
Not often unsuccessful; power usurped177
Is weakness when opposed; conscious of wrong,
’Tis pusillanimous178 and prone to flight.
But slaves that once conceive the glowing thought
Of freedom, in that hope itself possess
All that the contest calls for; spirit, strength,
The scorn of danger, and united hearts,
The surest presage179 of the good they seek. *
Then shame to manhood, and opprobrious180 more
To France than all her losses and defeats,
Old or of later date, by sea or land,
Her house of bondage worse than that of old
Which God avenged181 on Pharaoh—the Bastille!
Ye horrid182 towers, the abode183 of broken hearts,
Ye dungeons184 and ye cages of despair,
That monarchs186 have supplied from age to age
With music such as suits their sovereign ears,
The sighs and groans187 of miserable188 men!
There’s not an English heart that would not leap
To hear that ye were fallen at last, to know
That even our enemies, so oft employed
In forging chains for us, themselves were free.
For he that values liberty, confines
His zeal for her predominance within
No narrow bounds; her cause engages him
Wherever pleaded. ’Tis the cause of man.
There dwell the most forlorn of humankind,
Immured189 though unaccused, condemned190 untried,
Cruelly spared, and hopeless of escape.
There, like the visionary emblem191 seen
By him of Babylon, life stands a stump192,
And filleted about with hoops193 of brass194,
Still lives, though all its pleasant boughs195 are gone.
To count the hour bell and expect no change;
And ever as the sullen196 sound is heard,
Still to reflect that though a joyless note
To him whose moments all have one dull pace,
Ten thousand rovers in the world at large
Account it music; that it summons some
To theatre, or jocund197 feast, or ball;
The wearied hireling finds it a release
From labour, and the lover, that has chid198
Its long delay, feels every welcome stroke
Upon his heart-strings trembling with delight;—
To fly for refuge from distracting thought
To such amusements as ingenious woe170
Contrives199, hard-shifting and without her tools;—
To read engraven on the mouldy walls,
In staggering types, his predecessor’s tale,
A sad memorial, and subjoin his own;—
To turn purveyor200 to an overgorged
And bloated spider, till the pampered201 pest
Is made familiar, watches his approach,
Comes at his call, and serves him for a friend;—
To wear out time in numbering to and fro
The studs that thick emboss his iron door,
Then downward and then upward, then aslant202
And then alternate, with a sickly hope
By dint203 of change to give his tasteless task
Some relish204, till the sum, exactly found
In all directions, he begins again:—
Oh comfortless existence! hemmed206 around
With woes, which who that suffers would not kneel
And beg for exile, or the pangs207 of death?
That man should thus encroach on fellow-man,
Abridge208 him of his just and native rights,
Eradicate209 him, tear him from his hold
Upon the endearments210 of domestic life
And social, nip his fruitfulness and use,
And doom211 him for perhaps a heedless word
To barrenness and solitude212 and tears,
Moves indignation; makes the name of king
(Of king whom such prerogative213 can please)
As dreadful as the Manichean god,
Adored through fear, strong only to destroy.
’Tis liberty alone that gives the flower
Of fleeting life its lustre214 and perfume,
And we are weeds without it. All constraint215,
Except what wisdom lays on evil men,
Is evil; hurts the faculties216, impedes217
Their progress in the road of science; blinds
The eyesight of discovery, and begets218,
In those that suffer it, a sordid219 mind
Bestial220, a meagre intellect, unfit
To be the tenant221 of man’s noble form.
Thee therefore still, blameworthy as thou art,
With all thy loss of empire, and though squeezed
By public exigence, till annual food
Fails for the craving222 hunger of the state,
Thee I account still happy, and the chief
Among the nations, seeing thou art free,
My native nook of earth! Thy clime is rude,
Replete223 with vapours, and disposes much
All hearts to sadness, and none more than mine;
Thine unadulterate manners are less soft
And plausible224 than social life requires.
And thou hast need of discipline and art
To give thee what politer France receives
From Nature’s bounty225—that humane226 address
And sweetness, without which no pleasure is
In converse227, either starved by cold reserve,
Or flushed with fierce dispute, a senseless brawl228;
Yet, being free, I love thee; for the sake
Of that one feature, can be well content,
Disgraced as thou hast been, poor as thou art,
To seek no sublunary rest beside.
But once enslaved, farewell! I could endure
Chains nowhere patiently; and chains at home,
Where I am free by birthright, not at all.
Then what were left of roughness in the grain
Of British natures, wanting its excuse
That it belongs to freemen, would disgust
And shock me. I should then with double pain
Feel all the rigour of thy fickle229 clime;
And, if I must bewail the blessing230 lost
For which our Hampdens and our Sidneys bled,
I would at least bewail it under skies
Milder, among a people less austere231,
In scenes which, having never known me free,
Would not reproach me with the loss I felt.
Do I forebode impossible events,
And tremble at vain dreams? Heaven grant I may,
But the age of virtuous232 politics is past,
And we are deep in that of cold pretence.
Patriots233 are grown too shrewd to be sincere,
And we too wise to trust them. He that takes
Deep in his soft credulity the stamp
Designed by loud declaimers on the part
Of liberty, themselves the slaves of lust,
Incurs234 derision for his easy faith
And lack of knowledge, and with cause enough.
For when was public virtue to be found,
Where private was not? Can he love the whole
Who loves no part? he be a nation’s friend
Who is, in truth, the friend of no man there?
Can he be strenuous235 in his country’s cause,
Who slights the charities for whose dear sake
That country, if at all, must be beloved?
—’Tis therefore sober and good men are sad
For England’s glory, seeing it wax pale
And sickly, while her champions wear their hearts
So loose to private duty, that no brain,
Healthful and undisturbed by factious236 fumes,
Can dream them trusty to the general weal.
Such were not they of old whose tempered blades
Dispersed237 the shackles238 of usurped control,
And hewed239 them link from link. Then Albion’s sons
Were sons indeed. They felt a filial heart
Beat high within them at a mother’s wrongs,
And shining each in his domestic sphere,
Shone brighter still once called to public view.
’Tis therefore many, whose sequestered240 lot
Forbids their interference, looking on,
Anticipate perforce some dire205 event;
And seeing the old castle of the state,
That promised once more firmness, so assailed241
That all its tempest-beaten turrets shake,
Stand motionless expectants of its fall.
All has its date below. The fatal hour
Was registered in heaven ere time began.
We turn to dust, and all our mightiest242 works
Die too. The deep foundations that we lay,
Time ploughs them up, and not a trace remains.
We build with what we deem eternal rock;
A distant age asks where the fabric stood;
And in the dust, sifted243 and searched in vain,
The undiscoverable secret sleeps.
But there is yet a liberty unsung
By poets, and by senators unpraised,
Which monarchs cannot grant, nor all the power
Of earth and hell confederate take away;
A liberty, which persecution244, fraud,
Oppression, prisons, have no power to bind,
Which whoso tastes can be enslaved no more:
’Tis liberty of heart, derived245 from heaven,
Bought with His blood who gave it to mankind,
And sealed with the same token. It is held
By charter, and that charter sanctioned sure
By the unimpeachable246 and awful oath
And promise of a God. His other gifts
All bear the royal stamp that speaks them His,
And are august, but this transcends247 them all.
His other works, this visible display
Of all-creating energy and might,
Are grand, no doubt, and worthy of the Word
That, finding an interminable space
Unoccupied, has filled the void so well,
And made so sparkling what was dark before.
But these are not His glory. Man, ’tis true,
Smit with the beauty of so fair a scene,
Might well suppose the Artificer Divine
Meant it eternal, had He not Himself
Pronounced it transient, glorious as it is,
And still designing a more glorious far,
Doomed248 it, as insufficient249 for His praise.
These, therefore, are occasional, and pass;
Formed for the confutation of the fool
Whose lying heart disputes against a God;
That office served, they must be swept away.
Not so the labours of His love; they shine
In other heavens than these that we behold250,
And fade not. There is Paradise that fears
No forfeiture251, and of its fruits He sends
Large prelibation oft to saints below.
Of these the first in order, and the pledge
And confident assurance of the rest,
Is liberty; a flight into His arms
Ere yet mortality’s fine threads give way,
A clear escape from tyrannising lust,
And fill immunity252 from penal253 woe.
Chains are the portion of revolted man,
Stripes and a dungeon185; and his body serves
The triple purpose. In that sickly, foul254,
Opprobrious residence, he finds them all.
Propense his heart to idols255, he is held
In silly dotage256 on created things
Careless of their Creator. And that low
And sordid gravitation of his powers
To a vile257 clod, so draws him with such force
Resistless from the centre he should seek,
That he at last forgets it. All his hopes
Tend downward, his ambition is to sink,
To reach a depth profounder still, and still
Profounder, in the fathomless258 abyss
Of folly, plunging in pursuit of death.
But ere he gain the comfortless repose259
He seeks, and acquiescence260 of his soul,
In heaven renouncing261 exile, he endures
What does he not? from lusts262 opposed in vain,
And self-reproaching conscience. He foresees
The fatal issue to his health, fame, peace,
Fortune, and dignity; the loss of all
That can ennoble man, and make frail264 life,
Short as it is, supportable. Still worse,
Far worse than all the plagues with which his sins
Infect his happiest moments, he forebodes
Ages of hopeless misery265; future death,
And death still future; not a hasty stroke,
Like that which sends him to the dusty grave,
But unrepealable enduring death.
Scripture266 is still a trumpet267 to his fears:
What none can prove a forgery268, may be true;
What none but bad men wish exploded, must.
That scruple269 checks him. Riot is not loud
Nor drunk enough to drown it. In the midst
Of laughter his compunctions are sincere,
And he abhors270 the jest by which he shines.
Remorse271 begets reform. His master-lust
Falls first before his resolute272 rebuke273,
And seems dethroned and vanquished274. Peace ensues,
But spurious and short-lived, the puny child
Of self-congratulating Pride, begot275
On fancied Innocence276. Again he falls,
And fights again; but finds his best essay,
A presage ominous277, portending278 still
Its own dishonour279 by a worse relapse,
Till Nature, unavailing Nature, foiled
So oft, and wearied in the vain attempt,
Scoffs280 at her own performance. Reason now
Takes part with appetite, and pleads the cause,
Perversely281, which of late she so condemned;
With shallow shifts and old devices, worn
And tattered282 in the service of debauch283,
Covering his shame from his offended sight.
“Hath God indeed given appetites to man,
And stored the earth so plenteously with means
To gratify the hunger of His wish,
And doth He reprobate284 and will He damn
The use of His own bounty? making first
So frail a kind, and then enacting285 laws
So strict, that less than perfect must despair?
Falsehood! which whoso but suspects of truth,
Dishonours286 God, and makes a slave of man.
Do they themselves, who undertake for hire
The teacher’s office, and dispense287 at large
Their weekly dole of edifying288 strains,
Attend to their own music? have they faith
In what, with such solemnity of tone
And gesture, they propound289 to our belief?
Nay—conduct hath the loudest tongue. The voice
Is but an instrument on which the priest
May play what tune263 he pleases. In the deed,
The unequivocal authentic290 deed,
We find sound argument, we read the heart.”
Such reasonings (if that name must needs belong
To excuses in which reason has no part)
Serve to compose a spirit well inclined
To live on terms of amity291 with vice135,
And sin without disturbance292. Often urged
(As often as, libidinous293 discourse294
Exhausted295, he resorts to solemn themes
Of theological and grave import),
They gain at last his unreserved assent296,
Till, hardened his heart’s temper in the forge
Of lust and on the anvil297 of despair,
He slights the strokes of conscience. Nothing moves,
Or nothing much, his constancy in ill;
Vain tampering298 has but fostered his disease,
’Tis desperate, and he sleeps the sleep of death.
Haste now, philosopher, and set him free.
Charm the deaf serpent wisely. Make him hear
Of rectitude and fitness: moral truth
How lovely, and the moral sense how sure,
Consulted and obeyed, to guide his steps
Directly to the first and only fair.
Spare not in such a cause. Spend all the powers
Of rant30 and rhapsody in virtue’s praise,
Be most sublimely299 good, verbosely300 grand,
And with poetic301 trappings grace thy prose
Till it outmantle all the pride of verse.—
Ah, tinkling302 cymbal303 and high-sounding brass
Smitten304 in vain! such music cannot charm
The eclipse that intercepts305 truth’s heavenly beam,
And chills and darkens a wide-wandering soul.
The still small voice is wanted. He must speak,
Whose word leaps forth at once to its effect,
Who calls for things that are not, and they come.
Grace makes the slave a freeman. ’Tis a change
That turns to ridicule306 the turgid speech
And stately tone of moralists, who boast,
As if, like him of fabulous307 renown,
They had indeed ability to smooth
The shag of savage nature, and were each
An Orpheus and omnipotent308 in song.
But transformation309 of apostate310 man
From fool to wise, from earthly to divine,
Is work for Him that made him. He alone,
And He, by means in philosophic eyes
Trivial and worthy of disdain311, achieves
The wonder; humanising what is brute312
In the lost kind, extracting from the lips
Of asps their venom313, overpowering strength
By weakness, and hostility314 by love.
Patriots have toiled315, and in their country’s cause
Bled nobly, and their deeds, as they deserve,
Receive proud recompense. We give in charge
Their names to the sweet lyre. The historic muse93,
Proud of the treasure, marches with it down
To latest times; and sculpture, in her turn,
Gives bond in stone and ever-during brass,
To guard them, and to immortalise her trust.
But fairer wreaths are due, though never paid,
To those who, posted at the shrine316 of truth,
Have fallen in her defence. A patriot’s blood
Well spent in such a strife may earn indeed,
And for a time ensure to his loved land,
The sweets of liberty and equal laws;
But martyrs317 struggle for a brighter prize,
And win it with more pain. Their blood is shed
In confirmation318 of the noblest claim,
Our claim to feed upon immortal94 truth,
To walk with God, to be divinely free,
To soar, and to anticipate the skies!
Yet few remember them. They lived unknown,
Till persecution dragged them into fame
And chased them up to heaven. Their ashes flew
—No marble tells us whither. With their names
No bard319 embalms320 and sanctifies his song,
And history, so warm on meaner themes,
Is cold on this. She execrates321 indeed
The tyranny that doomed them to the fire,
But gives the glorious sufferers little praise.
He is the freeman whom the truth makes free,
And all are slaves beside. There’s not a chain
That hellish foes confederate for his harm
Can wind around him, but he casts it off
With as much ease as Samson his green withes.
He looks abroad into the varied322 field
Of Nature, and, though poor perhaps compared
With those whose mansions323 glitter in his sight,
Calls the delightful324 scenery all his own.
His are the mountains, and the valleys his,
And the resplendent river’s. His to enjoy
With a propriety325 that none can feel,
But who, with filial confidence inspired,
Can lift to heaven an unpresumptuous eye,
And smiling say—My Father made them all!
Are they not his by a peculiar326 right,
And by an emphasis of interest his,
Whose eye they fill with tears of holy joy,
Whose heart with praise, and whose exalted327 mind
With worthy thoughts of that unwearied love
That planned, and built, and still upholds a world
So clothed with beauty, for rebellious328 man?
Yes—ye may fill your garners329, ye that reap
The loaded soil, and ye may waste much good
In senseless riot; but ye will not find
In feast or in the chase, in song or dance,
A liberty like his, who, unimpeached
Of usurpation330, and to no man’s wrong,
Appropriates nature as his Father’s work,
And has a richer use of yours, than you.
He is indeed a freeman. Free by birth
Of no mean city, planned or e’er the hills
Were built, the fountains opened, or the sea
With all his roaring multitude of waves.
His freedom is the same in every state;
And no condition of this changeful life
So manifold in cares, whose every day
Brings its own evil with it, makes it less.
For he has wings that neither sickness, pain,
Nor penury331, can cripple or confine.
No nook so narrow but he spreads them there
With ease, and is at large. The oppressor holds
His body bound, but knows not what a range
His spirit takes, unconscious of a chain;
And that to bind him is a vain attempt,
Whom God delights in, and in whom He dwells.
Acquaint thyself with God if thou wouldst taste
His works. Admitted once to His embrace,
Thou shalt perceive that thou wast blind before;
Thine eye shall be instructed, and thine heart,
Made pure, shall relish, with divine delight
Till then unfelt, what hands divine have wrought332.
Brutes333 graze the mountain-top with faces prone,
And eyes intent upon the scanty334 herb
It yields them; or, recumbent on its brow,
Ruminate335, heedless of the scene outspread
Beneath, beyond, and stretching far away
From inland regions to the distant main.
Man views it and admires, but rests content
With what he views. The landscape has his praise,
But not its Author. Unconcerned who formed
The paradise he sees, he finds it such,
And such well pleased to find it, asks no more.
Not so the mind that has been touched from heaven,
And in the school of sacred wisdom taught
To read His wonders, in whose thought the world,
Fair as it is, existed ere it was.
Nor for its own sake merely, but for His
Much more who fashioned it, he gives it praise;
Praise that from earth resulting as it ought
To earth’s acknowledged Sovereign, finds at once
Its only just proprietor336 in Him.
The soul that sees Him, or receives sublimed337
New faculties or learns at least to employ
More worthily338 the powers she owned before;
Discerns in all things what, with stupid gaze
Of ignorance, till then she overlooked,
A ray of heavenly light gilding339 all forms
Terrestrial, in the vast and the minute
The unambiguous footsteps of the God
Who gives its lustre to an insect’s wing
And wheels His throne upon the rolling worlds.
Much conversant340 with heaven, she often holds
With those fair ministers of light to man
That fill the skies nightly with silent pomp
Sweet conference; inquires what strains were they
With which heaven rang, when every star, in haste
To gratulate the new-created earth,
Sent forth a voice, and all the sons of God
Shouted for joy.—“Tell me, ye shining hosts
That navigate341 a sea that knows no storms,
Beneath a vault342 unsullied with a cloud,
If from your elevation343, whence ye view
Distinctly scenes invisible to man
And systems of whose birth no tidings yet
Have reached this nether344 world, ye spy a race
Favoured as ours, transgressors from the womb
And hasting to a grave, yet doomed to rise
And to possess a brighter heaven than yours?
As one who, long detained on foreign shores,
Pants to return, and when he sees afar
His country’s weather-bleached and battered345 rocks,
From the green wave emerging, darts346 an eye
Radiant with joy towards the happy land;
So I with animated347 hopes behold,
And many an aching wish, your beamy fires,
That show like beacons348 in the blue abyss,
Ordained349 to guide the embodied350 spirit home
From toilsome life to never-ending rest.
Love kindles351 as I gaze. I feel desires
That give assurance of their own success,
And that, infused from heaven, must thither352 tend.”
So reads he Nature whom the lamp of truth
Illuminates353. Thy lamp, mysterious Word!
Which whoso sees, no longer wanders lost
With intellect bemazed in endless doubt,
But runs the road of wisdom. Thou hast built,
With means that were not till by Thee employed,
Worlds that had never been, hadst Thou in strength
Been less, or less benevolent354 than strong.
They are Thy witnesses, who speak Thy power
And goodness infinite, but speak in ears
That hear not, or receive not their report.
In vain Thy creatures testify of Thee
Till Thou proclaim Thyself. Theirs is indeed
A teaching voice; but ’tis the praise of Thine
That whom it teaches it makes prompt to learn,
And with the boon gives talents for its use.
Till Thou art heard, imaginations vain
Possess the heart, and fables355, false as hell,
Yet deemed oracular, lure356 down to death
The uninformed and heedless souls of men.
We give to chance, blind chance, ourselves as blind,
The glory of Thy work, which yet appears
Perfect and unimpeachable of blame,
Challenging human scrutiny357, and proved
Then skilful358 most when most severely359 judged.
But chance is not; or is not where Thou reign’st:
Thy providence360 forbids that fickle power
(If power she be that works but to confound)
To mix her wild vagaries361 with Thy laws.
Yet thus we dote, refusing, while we can,
Instruction, and inventing to ourselves
Gods such as guilt362 makes welcome—gods that sleep,
Or disregard our follies363, or that sit
Amused spectators of this bustling364 stage.
Thee we reject, unable to abide365
Thy purity, till pure as Thou art pure,
Made such by Thee, we love Thee for that cause
For which we shunned366 and hated Thee before.
Then we are free: then liberty, like day,
Breaks on the soul, and by a flash from heaven
Fires all the faculties with glorious joy.
A voice is heard that mortal ears hear not
Till Thou hast touched them; ’tis the voice of song,
A loud Hosanna sent from all Thy works,
Which he that hears it with a shout repeats,
And adds his rapture367 to the general praise.
In that blest moment, Nature, throwing wide
Her veil opaque368, discloses with a smile
The Author of her beauties, who, retired369
Behind His own creation, works unseen
By the impure370, and hears His power denied.
Thou art the source and centre of all minds,
Their only point of rest, eternal Word!
From Thee departing, they are lost and rove
At random, without honour, hope, or peace.
From Thee is all that soothes371 the life of man,
His high endeavour, and his glad success,
His strength to suffer, and his will to serve.
But, oh, Thou Bounteous372 Giver of all good,
Thou art of all Thy gifts Thyself the crown!
Give what Thou canst, without Thee we are poor,
And with Thee rich, take what Thou wilt373 away.
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收听单词发音
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1
orb
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| n.太阳；星球；v.弄圆；成球形 | |
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ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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slanting
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| 倾斜的，歪斜的 | |
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tingeing
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| vt.着色，使…带上色彩（tinge的现在分词形式） | |
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rosy
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| adj.美好的，乐观的，玫瑰色的 | |
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hue
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| n.色度；色调；样子 | |
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8
spiry
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| adj.尖端的，尖塔状的，螺旋状的 | |
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longitude
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| n.经线，经度 | |
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sage
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| n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的 | |
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fleeting
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| adj.短暂的，飞逝的 | |
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prop
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| vt.支撑；n.支柱，支撑物；支持者，靠山 | |
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preposterous
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| adj.荒谬的，可笑的 | |
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deluge
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| n./vt.洪水，暴雨，使泛滥 | |
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conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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petrified
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| adj.惊呆的；目瞪口呆的v.使吓呆，使惊呆；变僵硬；使石化(petrify的过去式和过去分词) | |
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fodder
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| n.草料；炮灰 | |
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meek
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| adj.温顺的，逆来顺受的 | |
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19
plunging
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| adj.跳进的，突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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severs
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| v.切断，断绝( sever的第三人称单数 )；断，裂 | |
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deciduous
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| adj.非永久的；短暂的；脱落的；落叶的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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wield
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| vt.行使，运用，支配；挥，使用(武器等) | |
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axe
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| n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减 | |
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solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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pranks
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| n.玩笑，恶作剧( prank的名词复数 ) | |
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28
churl
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| n.吝啬之人；粗鄙之人 | |
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fragrant
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| adj.芬香的，馥郁的，愉快的 | |
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rant
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| v.咆哮；怒吼；n.大话；粗野的话 | |
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fumes
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| n.(强烈而刺激的)气味，气体 | |
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32
fume
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| n.(usu pl.)(浓烈或难闻的)烟，气，汽 | |
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scenting
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| vt.闻到（scent的现在分词形式） | |
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34
diligent
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| adj.勤勉的，勤奋的 | |
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35
plunge
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| v.跳入，(使)投入，(使)陷入；猛冲 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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impending
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| a.imminent, about to come or happen | |
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voracious
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| adj.狼吞虎咽的，贪婪的 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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impervious
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| adj.不能渗透的，不能穿过的，不易伤害的 | |
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41
strut
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| v.肿胀，鼓起；大摇大摆地走；炫耀；支撑；撑开；n.高视阔步；支柱，撑杆 | |
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42
wading
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| （从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的现在分词 ) | |
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43
retrenched
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| v.紧缩开支( retrench的过去式和过去分词 )；削减（费用）；节省 | |
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44
myriads
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| n.无数，极大数量( myriad的名词复数 ) | |
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sustenance
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| n.食物，粮食；生活资料；生计 | |
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subsist
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| vi.生存，存在，供养 | |
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naught
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| n.无，零 [=nought] | |
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imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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forsake
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| vt.遗弃，抛弃；舍弃，放弃 | |
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pensioners
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| n.领取退休、养老金或抚恤金的人( pensioner的名词复数 ) | |
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dole
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| n.救济，（失业）救济金；vt.（out）发放，发给 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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pebbly
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| 多卵石的，有卵石花纹的 | |
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gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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55
bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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embroidered
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| adj．绣花的 | |
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turrets
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| （六角）转台( turret的名词复数 )； （战舰和坦克等上的）转动炮塔； （摄影机等上的）镜头转台； （旧时攻城用的）塔车 | |
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shrubs
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| 灌木( shrub的名词复数 ) | |
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trickle
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| vi.淌，滴，流出，慢慢移动，逐渐消散 | |
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congealed
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| v.使凝结，冻结( congeal的过去式和过去分词 )；（指血）凝结 | |
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pellucid
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| adj.透明的，简单的 | |
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adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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adorn
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| vt.使美化，装饰 | |
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grotto
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| n.洞穴 | |
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fretted
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| 焦躁的，附有弦马的，腐蚀的 | |
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likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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random
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| adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动 | |
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feats
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| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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quarry
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| n.采石场；v.采石；费力地找 | |
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hew
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| v.砍；伐；削 | |
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plaintive
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| adj.可怜的，伤心的 | |
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maternal
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| adj.母亲的，母亲般的，母系的，母方的 | |
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sleet
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| n.雨雪；v.下雨雪，下冰雹 | |
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fabric
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| n.织物，织品，布；构造，结构，组织 | |
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78
gracefully
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| ad.大大方方地；优美地 | |
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79
hues
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| 色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点 | |
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80
watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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81
serene
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| adj. 安详的，宁静的，平静的 | |
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82
brittle
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| adj.易碎的；脆弱的；冷淡的；(声音)尖利的 | |
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83
prodigy
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| n.惊人的事物，奇迹，神童，天才，预兆 | |
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84
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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85
wavy
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| adj.有波浪的，多浪的，波浪状的，波动的，不稳定的 | |
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86
convivial
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| adj.狂欢的，欢乐的 | |
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87
commodious
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| adj.宽敞的；使用方便的 | |
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88
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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89
mortifying
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| adj.抑制的，苦修的v.使受辱( mortify的现在分词 )；伤害（人的感情）；克制；抑制（肉体、情感等） | |
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90
durable
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| adj.持久的，耐久的 | |
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91
treacherous
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|
| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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92
hewing
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| v.（用斧、刀等）砍、劈( hew的现在分词 )；砍成；劈出；开辟 | |
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93
muse
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| n.缪斯（希腊神话中的女神），创作灵感 | |
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94
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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95
extort
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| v.勒索，敲诈，强要 | |
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96
puny
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| adj.微不足道的，弱小的 | |
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97
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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98
projectors
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| 电影放映机，幻灯机( projector的名词复数 ) | |
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99
asunder
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| adj.分离的，化为碎片 | |
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100
boon
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| n.恩赐，恩物，恩惠 | |
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101
grudge
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| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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102
strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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103
kindle
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| v.点燃，着火 | |
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104
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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105
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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106
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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107
progeny
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| n.后代，子孙；结果 | |
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108
contriver
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| 发明者，创制者，筹划者 | |
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109
clans
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| 宗族( clan的名词复数 )； 氏族； 庞大的家族； 宗派 | |
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110
demesne
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| n.领域，私有土地 | |
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111
covet
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| vt.垂涎；贪图(尤指属于他人的东西) | |
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112
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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113
onset
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| n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始 | |
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114
eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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115
stratagem
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| n.诡计，计谋 | |
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116
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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117
reverenced
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| v.尊敬，崇敬( reverence的过去式和过去分词 )；敬礼 | |
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118
subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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119
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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120
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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121
exigencies
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| n.急切需要 | |
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122
modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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123
meekness
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| n.温顺，柔和 | |
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124
intoxicate
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| vt.使喝醉，使陶醉，使欣喜若狂 | |
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125
abject
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| adj.极可怜的，卑屈的 | |
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126
destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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127
faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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128
wields
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| 手持着使用（武器、工具等）( wield的第三人称单数 )； 具有； 运用（权力）； 施加（影响） | |
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129
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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130
extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的 | |
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131
exalting
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| a.令人激动的，令人喜悦的 | |
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132
inflated
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| adj.（价格）飞涨的；（通货）膨胀的；言过其实的；充了气的v.使充气（于轮胎、气球等）( inflate的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）膨胀；（使）通货膨胀；物价上涨 | |
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133
gulps
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| n.一大口（尤指液体）( gulp的名词复数 )v.狼吞虎咽地吃，吞咽( gulp的第三人称单数 )；大口地吸（气）；哽住 | |
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134
drudges
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| n.做苦工的人，劳碌的人( drudge的名词复数 ) | |
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135
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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136
animates
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| v.使有生气( animate的第三人称单数 )；驱动；使栩栩如生地动作；赋予…以生命 | |
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137
renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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138
burnished
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| adj.抛光的，光亮的v.擦亮（金属等），磨光( burnish的过去式和过去分词 )；被擦亮，磨光 | |
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139
arbiters
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| 仲裁人，裁决者( arbiter的名词复数 ) | |
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140
storks
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| n.鹳( stork的名词复数 ) | |
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141
croaked
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| v.呱呱地叫( croak的过去式和过去分词 )；用粗的声音说 | |
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142
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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143
eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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144
sinewy
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| adj.多腱的，强壮有力的 | |
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145
discriminate
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| v.区别，辨别，区分；有区别地对待 | |
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146
patriot
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| n.爱国者，爱国主义者 | |
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147
philosophic
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| adj.哲学的，贤明的 | |
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148
emancipate
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| v.解放，解除 | |
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149
prone
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| adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的 | |
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150
lust
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| n.性(淫)欲；渴(欲)望；vi.对…有强烈的欲望 | |
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151
bosoms
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| 胸部( bosom的名词复数 )； 胸怀； 女衣胸部（或胸襟）； 和爱护自己的人在一起的情形 | |
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152
pretence
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| n.假装，作假；借口，口实；虚伪；虚饰 | |
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153
provocation
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| n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因 | |
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154
dictates
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| n.命令，规定，要求( dictate的名词复数 )v.大声讲或读( dictate的第三人称单数 )；口授；支配；摆布 | |
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155
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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156
penurious
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| adj.贫困的 | |
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157
prudence
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| n.谨慎，精明，节俭 | |
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158
politic
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| adj.有智虑的；精明的；v.从政 | |
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159
fortitude
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| n.坚忍不拔；刚毅 | |
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160
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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161
grievance
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| n.怨愤，气恼，委屈 | |
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162
loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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163
reigns
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| n.君主的统治( reign的名词复数 )；君主统治时期；任期；当政期 | |
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164
recollecting
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| v.记起，想起( recollect的现在分词 ) | |
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165
warp
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| vt.弄歪，使翘曲，使不正常，歪曲，使有偏见 | |
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166
paltry
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| adj.无价值的，微不足道的 | |
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167
pageant
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| n.壮观的游行；露天历史剧 | |
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168
commonwealth
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| n.共和国，联邦，共同体 | |
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169
woes
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| 困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉 | |
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170
woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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171
bondage
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| n.奴役，束缚 | |
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172
judicious
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| adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的 | |
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173
manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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174
crouches
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| n.蹲着的姿势( crouch的名词复数 )v.屈膝，蹲伏( crouch的第三人称单数 ) | |
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175
sterling
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| adj.英币的(纯粹的，货真价实的)；n.英国货币(英镑) | |
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176
attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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177
usurped
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| 篡夺，霸占( usurp的过去式和过去分词 )； 盗用； 篡夺，篡权 | |
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178
pusillanimous
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| adj.懦弱的，胆怯的 | |
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179
presage
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| n.预感，不祥感；v.预示 | |
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180
opprobrious
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| adj.可耻的，辱骂的 | |
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181
avenged
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| v.为…复仇，报…之仇( avenge的过去式和过去分词 )；为…报复 | |
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182
horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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183
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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184
dungeons
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| n.地牢( dungeon的名词复数 ) | |
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185
dungeon
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| n.地牢，土牢 | |
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186
monarchs
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| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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187
groans
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| n.呻吟，叹息( groan的名词复数 )；呻吟般的声音v.呻吟( groan的第三人称单数 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦 | |
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188
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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189
immured
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| v.禁闭，监禁( immure的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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190
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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191
emblem
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| n.象征，标志；徽章 | |
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192
stump
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| n.残株，烟蒂，讲演台；v.砍断，蹒跚而走 | |
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193
hoops
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| n.箍( hoop的名词复数 )；（篮球）篮圈；（旧时儿童玩的）大环子；（两端埋在地里的）小铁弓 | |
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194
brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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195
boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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196
sullen
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| adj.愠怒的，闷闷不乐的，(天气等)阴沉的 | |
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197
jocund
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| adj.快乐的，高兴的 | |
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198
chid
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| v.责骂，责备( chide的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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199
contrives
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| （不顾困难地）促成某事( contrive的第三人称单数 )； 巧妙地策划，精巧地制造（如机器）； 设法做到 | |
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200
purveyor
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| n.承办商，伙食承办商 | |
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201
pampered
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| adj.饮食过量的，饮食奢侈的v.纵容，宠，娇养( pamper的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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202
aslant
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| adv.倾斜地；adj.斜的 | |
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203
dint
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| n.由于，靠；凹坑 | |
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204
relish
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| n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味 | |
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205
dire
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| adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的 | |
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206
hemmed
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| 缝…的褶边( hem的过去式和过去分词 )； 包围 | |
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207
pangs
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| 突然的剧痛( pang的名词复数 )； 悲痛 | |
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208
abridge
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| v.删减，删节，节略，缩短 | |
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209
eradicate
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| v.根除，消灭，杜绝 | |
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210
endearments
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| n.表示爱慕的话语，亲热的表示( endearment的名词复数 ) | |
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211
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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212
solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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213
prerogative
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| n.特权 | |
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214
lustre
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| n.光亮，光泽；荣誉 | |
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215
constraint
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| n.(on)约束，限制；限制(或约束)性的事物 | |
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216
faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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217
impedes
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| 阻碍，妨碍，阻止( impede的第三人称单数 ) | |
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218
begets
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| v.为…之生父( beget的第三人称单数 )；产生，引起 | |
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219
sordid
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| adj.肮脏的，不干净的，卑鄙的，暗淡的 | |
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220
bestial
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| adj.残忍的；野蛮的 | |
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221
tenant
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| n.承租人；房客；佃户；v.租借，租用 | |
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222
craving
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| n.渴望,热望 | |
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223
replete
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| adj.饱满的，塞满的；n.贮蜜蚁 | |
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224
plausible
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| adj.似真实的，似乎有理的，似乎可信的 | |
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225
bounty
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| n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与 | |
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226
humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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227
converse
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| vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反 | |
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228
brawl
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| n.大声争吵，喧嚷；v.吵架，对骂 | |
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229
fickle
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| adj.(爱情或友谊上)易变的，不坚定的 | |
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230
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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231
austere
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| adj.艰苦的；朴素的，朴实无华的；严峻的 | |
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232
virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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233
patriots
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| 爱国者，爱国主义者( patriot的名词复数 ) | |
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234
incurs
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| 遭受，招致，引起( incur的第三人称单数 ) | |
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235
strenuous
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| adj.奋发的，使劲的；紧张的；热烈的，狂热的 | |
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236
factious
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| adj.好搞宗派活动的，派系的，好争论的 | |
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237
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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238
shackles
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| 手铐( shackle的名词复数 )； 脚镣； 束缚； 羁绊 | |
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239
hewed
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| v.（用斧、刀等）砍、劈( hew的过去式和过去分词 )；砍成；劈出；开辟 | |
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240
sequestered
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|
| adj.扣押的；隐退的；幽静的；偏僻的v.使隔绝，使隔离( sequester的过去式和过去分词 )；扣押 | |
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241
assailed
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| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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242
mightiest
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| adj.趾高气扬( mighty的最高级 )；巨大的；强有力的；浩瀚的 | |
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243
sifted
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| v.筛( sift的过去式和过去分词 )；筛滤；细查；详审 | |
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244
persecution
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| n. 迫害,烦扰 | |
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245
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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246
unimpeachable
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| adj.无可指责的；adv.无可怀疑地 | |
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247
transcends
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| 超出或超越（经验、信念、描写能力等）的范围( transcend的第三人称单数 )； 优于或胜过… | |
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248
doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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249
insufficient
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| adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的 | |
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250
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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251
forfeiture
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| n.（名誉等）丧失 | |
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252
immunity
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| n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权 | |
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253
penal
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| adj.刑罚的；刑法上的 | |
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254
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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255
idols
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| 偶像( idol的名词复数 )； 受崇拜的人或物； 受到热爱和崇拜的人或物； 神像 | |
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256
dotage
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| n.年老体衰；年老昏聩 | |
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257
vile
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| adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的 | |
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258
fathomless
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| a.深不可测的 | |
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259
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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260
acquiescence
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| n.默许；顺从 | |
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261
renouncing
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| v.声明放弃( renounce的现在分词 )；宣布放弃；宣布与…决裂；宣布摒弃 | |
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262
lusts
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| 贪求（lust的第三人称单数形式） | |
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263
tune
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| n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整 | |
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264
frail
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| adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的 | |
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265
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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266
scripture
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| n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段 | |
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267
trumpet
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| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
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268
forgery
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| n.伪造的文件等，赝品，伪造（行为） | |
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269
scruple
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| n./v.顾忌，迟疑 | |
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270
abhors
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| v.憎恶( abhor的第三人称单数 )；（厌恶地）回避；拒绝；淘汰 | |
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271
remorse
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| n.痛恨，悔恨，自责 | |
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272
resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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273
rebuke
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| v.指责，非难，斥责 [反]praise | |
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274
vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制 | |
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275
begot
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|
| v.为…之生父( beget的过去式 )；产生，引起 | |
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276
innocence
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| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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277
ominous
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|
| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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278
portending
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| v.预示( portend的现在分词 )；预兆；给…以警告；预告 | |
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279
dishonour
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|
| n./vt.拒付（支票、汇票、票据等）；vt.凌辱，使丢脸；n.不名誉，耻辱，不光彩 | |
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280
scoffs
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| 嘲笑，嘲弄( scoff的第三人称单数 ) | |
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281
perversely
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|
| adv. 倔强地 | |
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282
tattered
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| adj.破旧的，衣衫破的 | |
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283
debauch
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| v.使堕落，放纵 | |
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284
reprobate
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| n.无赖汉；堕落的人 | |
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285
enacting
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| 制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的现在分词 ) | |
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286
dishonours
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| 不名誉( dishonour的名词复数 )； 耻辱； 丢脸； 丢脸的人或事 | |
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287
dispense
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| vt.分配，分发；配(药)，发(药)；实施 | |
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288
edifying
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|
| adj.有教训意味的，教训性的，有益的v.开导，启发( edify的现在分词 ) | |
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289
propound
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| v.提出 | |
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290
authentic
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| a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的 | |
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291
amity
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| n.友好关系 | |
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292
disturbance
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| n.动乱，骚动；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调 | |
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293
libidinous
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| adj.淫荡的 | |
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294
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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295
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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296
assent
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| v.批准，认可；n.批准，认可 | |
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297
anvil
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| n.铁钻 | |
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298
tampering
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| v.窜改( tamper的现在分词 )；篡改；（用不正当手段）影响；瞎摆弄 | |
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299
sublimely
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| 高尚地，卓越地 | |
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300
verbosely
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| adv.冗长地；啰唆地；累赘地 | |
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301
poetic
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| adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的 | |
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302
tinkling
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| n.丁当作响声 | |
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303
cymbal
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| n.铙钹 | |
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304
smitten
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| 猛打，重击，打击( smite的过去分词 ) | |
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305
intercepts
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| （数学）截距( intercept的名词复数 ) | |
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306
ridicule
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| v.讥讽，挖苦；n.嘲弄 | |
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307
fabulous
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| adj.极好的；极为巨大的；寓言中的，传说中的 | |
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308
omnipotent
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| adj.全能的，万能的 | |
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309
transformation
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| n.变化；改造；转变 | |
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310
apostate
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| n.背叛者，变节者 | |
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311
disdain
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| n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑 | |
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312
brute
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| n.野兽，兽性 | |
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313
venom
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| n.毒液，恶毒，痛恨 | |
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314
hostility
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| n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争 | |
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315
toiled
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| 长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的过去式和过去分词 )； 艰难缓慢地移动，跋涉 | |
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316
shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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317
martyrs
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|
| n.martyr的复数形式；烈士( martyr的名词复数 )；殉道者；殉教者；乞怜者（向人诉苦以博取同情） | |
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318
confirmation
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| n.证实，确认，批准 | |
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319
bard
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| n.吟游诗人 | |
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320
embalms
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| n.保存（尸体）不腐( embalm的名词复数 )；使不被遗忘；使充满香气v.保存（尸体）不腐( embalm的第三人称单数 )；使不被遗忘；使充满香气 | |
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321
execrates
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| v.憎恶( execrate的第三人称单数 )；厌恶；诅咒；咒骂 | |
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322
varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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323
mansions
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| n.宅第，公馆，大厦( mansion的名词复数 ) | |
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324
delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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325
propriety
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| n.正当行为；正当；适当 | |
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326
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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327
exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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328
rebellious
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| adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的 | |
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329
garners
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| v.收集并（通常）贮藏（某物），取得，获得( garner的第三人称单数 ) | |
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330
usurpation
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| n.篡位；霸占 | |
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331
penury
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| n.贫穷，拮据 | |
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332
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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333
brutes
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| 兽( brute的名词复数 )； 畜生； 残酷无情的人； 兽性 | |
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334
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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335
ruminate
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| v.反刍；沉思 | |
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336
proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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337
sublimed
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| 伟大的( sublime的过去式和过去分词 )； 令人赞叹的； 极端的； 不顾后果的 | |
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338
worthily
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| 重要地，可敬地，正当地 | |
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339
gilding
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| n.贴金箔，镀金 | |
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340
conversant
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| adj.亲近的，有交情的，熟悉的 | |
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341
navigate
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| v.航行，飞行；导航，领航 | |
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342
vault
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| n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室 | |
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343
elevation
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| n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高 | |
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344
nether
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| adj.下部的，下面的；n.阴间；下层社会 | |
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345
battered
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| adj.磨损的；v.连续猛击；磨损 | |
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346
darts
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| n.掷飞镖游戏；飞镖( dart的名词复数 )；急驰，飞奔v.投掷，投射( dart的第三人称单数 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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347
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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348
beacons
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| 灯塔( beacon的名词复数 )； 烽火； 指路明灯； 无线电台或发射台 | |
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349
ordained
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| v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定 | |
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350
embodied
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| v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 )；象征；包括；包含 | |
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351
kindles
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| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的第三人称单数 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
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352
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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353
illuminates
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| v.使明亮( illuminate的第三人称单数 )；照亮；装饰；说明 | |
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354
benevolent
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| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
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355
fables
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| n.寓言( fable的名词复数 )；神话，传说 | |
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356
lure
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| n.吸引人的东西，诱惑物；vt.引诱，吸引 | |
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357
scrutiny
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| n.详细检查，仔细观察 | |
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358
skilful
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| (=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的 | |
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359
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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360
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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361
vagaries
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| n.奇想( vagary的名词复数 )；异想天开；异常行为；难以预测的情况 | |
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362
guilt
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| n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责 | |
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363
follies
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| 罪恶，时事讽刺剧； 愚蠢，蠢笨，愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 ) | |
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364
bustling
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| adj.喧闹的 | |
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365
abide
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| vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受 | |
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366
shunned
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| v.避开，回避，避免( shun的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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367
rapture
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| n.狂喜；全神贯注；着迷；v.使狂喜 | |
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368
opaque
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| adj.不透光的；不反光的，不传导的；晦涩的 | |
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369
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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370
impure
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| adj.不纯净的，不洁的；不道德的，下流的 | |
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371
soothes
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| v.安慰( soothe的第三人称单数 )；抚慰；使舒服；减轻痛苦 | |
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372
bounteous
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| adj.丰富的 | |
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373
wilt
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| v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎；(指人)疲倦，衰弱 | |
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