The Germans have introduced stoves at Venice, but they are not in much favor with the Italians, who think their heat unwholesome, and endure a degree of cold, in their wish to dispense7 with fire, which we of the winter-lands know nothing of in our houses. They pay for their absurd prejudice with terrible chilblains; and their hands, which suffer equally with their feet, are, in the case of those most exposed to the cold, objects pitiable and revolting to behold8 when the itching9 and the effort to allay10 it has turned them into bloated masses of sores. It is not a pleasant thing to speak of; and the constant sight of the affliction among people who bring you bread, cut you cheese, and weigh you out sugar, by no means reconciles the Northern stomach to its prevalence. I have observed that priests, and those who have much to do in the frigid11 churches, are the worst sufferers in this way; and I think no one can help noting in the harsh, raw winter-complexion12 (for in summer the tone is quite different) of the women of all classes, the protest of systems cruelly starved of the warmth which health demands.
The houses are, naturally enough in this climate, where there are eight months of summer in the year, all built with a view to coolness in summer, and the rooms which are not upon the ground-floor are very large, lofty, and cold. In the palaces, indeed, there are two suites13 of apartments—the smaller and cozier suite14 upon the first floor for the winter, and the grander and airier chambers15 and saloons above, for defence against the insidious16 heats of the sirocco. But, for the most part, people must occupy the same room summer and winter, the sole change being in the strip of carpet laid meagrely before the sofa during the latter season. In the comparatively few houses where carpets are the rule and not the exception, they are always removed during the summer—for the triple purpose of sparing them some months’ wear, banishing17 fleas18 and other domestic insects, and showing off the beauty of the oiled and shining pavement, which in the meanest houses is tasteful, and in many of the better sort is often in-wrought20 with figures and designs of mosaic21 work.
All the floors in Venice are of stone, and whether of marble flags, or of that species of composition formed of dark cement, with fragments of colored marble imbedded and smoothed and polished to the most glassy and even surface, and the general effect and complexion of petrified22 plum-pudding, all the floors are death-cold in winter. People sit with their feet upon cushions, and their bodies muffled23 in furs and wadded gowns. When one goes out into the sun, one often finds an overcoat too heavy, but it never gives warmth enough in the house, where the Venetian sometimes wears it. Indeed, the sun is recognized by Venetians as the only legitimate24 source of heat, and they sell his favor at fabulous25 prices to such foreigners as take the lodgings26 into which he shines.
It is those who remain in-doors, therefore, who are exposed to the utmost rigor27 of the winter, and people spend as much of their time as possible in the open air. The Riva degli Schiavoni catches the warm afternoon sun in its whole extent, and is then thronged28 with promenaders of every class, condition, age, and sex; and whenever the sun shines in the Piazza29, shivering fashion eagerly courts its favor. At night men crowd the close little caffè, where they reciprocate30 smoke, respiration31, and animal heat, and thus temper the inclemency32 of the weather, and beguile33 the time with solemn loafing, 6 and the perusal34 of dingy35 little journals, drinking small cups of black coffee, and playing long games of chess,—an evening that seemed to me as torpid36 and lifeless as a Lap’s, and intolerable when I remembered the bright, social winter evenings of another and happier land and civilization.
Sometimes you find a heated stove—that is to say, one in which there has been a fire during the day—in a Venetian house; but the stove seems usually to be placed in the room for ornament37, or else to be engaged only in diffusing38 a very acrid39 smoke,—as if the Venetian preferred to take warmth, as other people do snuff, by inhalation. The stove itself is a curious structure, and built commonly of bricks and plastering,—whitewashed and painted outside. It is a great consumer of fuel, and radiates but little heat. By dint40 of constant wooding I contrived41 to warm mine; but my Italian friends always avoided its vicinity when they came to see me, and most amusingly regarded my determination to be comfortable as part of the eccentricity42 inseparable from the Anglo-Saxon character.
I daresay they would not trifle with winter, thus, if they knew him in his northern moods. But the only voluntary concession43 they make to his severity is the scaldino, and this is made chiefly by the yielding sex, who are denied the warmth of the caffè. The use of the scaldino is known to all ranks, but it is the women of the poorer orders who are most addicted44 to it. The scaldino is a small pot of glazed45 earthen-ware, having an earthen bale: and with this handle passed over the arm, and the pot full of bristling46 charcoal47, the Veneziana’s defense48 against cold is complete. She carries her scaldino with her in the house from room to room, and takes it with her into the street; and it has often been my fortune in the churches to divide my admiration49 between the painting over the altar and the poor old crone kneeling before it, who, while she sniffed50 and whispered a gelid prayer, and warmed her heart with religion, baked her dirty palms in the carbonic fumes51 of the scaldino. In one of the public bathhouses in Venice there are four prints upon the walls, intended to convey to the minds of the bathers a poetical52 idea of the four seasons. There is nothing remarkable53 in the symbolization54 of Spring, Summer, and Autumn; but Winter is nationally represented by a fine lady dressed in furred robes, with her feet upon a cushioned foot-stool, and a scaldino in her lap! When we talk of being invaded in the north, we poetize the idea of defense by the figure of defending our hearthstones. Alas55! could we fight for our sacred scaldini?
Happy are the men who bake chestnuts56, and sell hot pumpkins57 and pears, for they can unite pleasure and profit. There are some degrees of poverty below the standard of the scaldino, and the beggars and the wretcheder poor keep themselves warm, I think, by sultry recollections of summer, as Don Quixote proposed to subsist58 upon savory59 remembrances, during one of his periods of fast. One mendicant60 whom I know, and who always sits upon the steps of a certain bridge, succeeds, I believe, as the season advances, in heating the marble beneath him by firm and unswerving adhesion, and establishes a reciprocity of warmth with it. I have no reason to suppose that he ever deserts his seat for a moment during the whole winter; and indeed, it would be a vicious waste of comfort to do so.
In the winter, the whole city sniffs61, and if the Pipchin theory of the effect of sniffing62 upon the eternal interests of the soul be true, few people go to heaven from Venice. I sometimes wildly wondered if Desdemona, in her time, sniffed, and found little comfort in the reflection that Shylock must have had a cold in his head. There is comparative warmth in the broad squares before the churches, but the narrow streets are bitter thorough-draughts, and fell influenza63 lies in wait for its prey64 in all those picturesque65, seducing66 little courts of which I have spoken.
It is, however, in the churches, whose cool twilight67 and airy height one finds so grateful in summer, that the sharpest malice68 of the winter is felt; and having visited a score of them soon after my arrival, I deferred69 the remaining seventy-five or eighty, together with the gallery of the Academy, until advancing spring should, in some degree, have mitigated70 the severity of their temperature. As far as my imagination affected71 me, I thought the Gothic churches much more tolerable than the temples of Renaissance72 art. The empty bareness of these, with their huge marbles, and their soulless splendors73 of theatrical74 sculpture, their frescoed75 roofs and broken arches, was insufferable. The arid76 grace of Palladio’s architecture was especially grievous to the sense in cold weather; and I warn the traveler who goes to see the lovely Madonnas of Bellini to beware how he trusts himself in winter to the gusty77, arctic magnificence of the church of the Redentore. But by all means the coldest church in the city is that of the Jesuits, which those who have seen it will remember for its famous marble drapery. This base, mechanical surprise (for it is a trick and not art) is effected by inlaying the white marble of columns and pulpits and altars with a certain pattern of verd-antique. The workmanship is marvelously skillful, and the material costly78, but it only gives the church the effect of being draped in damask linen79; and even where the marble is carven in vast and heavy folds over a pulpit to simulate a curtain, or wrought in figures on the steps of the high-altar to represent a carpet, it has no richness of effect, but a poverty, a coldness, a harshness indescribably table-clothy. I think all this has tended to chill the soul of the sacristan, who is the feeblest and thinnest sacristan conceivable, with a frost of white hair on his temples quite incapable80 of thawing81. In this dreary82 sanctuary83 is one of Titian’s great paintings, The Martyrdom of St. Lawrence, to which (though it is so cunningly disposed as to light that no one ever yet saw the whole picture at once) you turn involuntarily, envious84 of the Saint toasting so comfortably on his gridiron amid all that frigidity85.
The Venetians pretend that many of the late winters have been much severer than those of former years, but I think this pretense has less support in fact than in the custom of mankind everywhere, to claim that such weather as the present, whatever it happens to be, was never seen before. In fine, the winter climate of north Italy is really very harsh, and though the season is not so severe in Venice as in Milan, or even Florence, it is still so sharp as to make foreigners regret the generous fires and warmly-built houses of the north. There was snow but once during my first Venetian winter, 1861-62; the second there was none at all; but the third, which was last winter, it fell repeatedly to considerable depth, and lay unmelted for many weeks in the shade. The lagoons86 were frozen for miles in every direction; and under our windows on the Grand Canal, great sheets of ice went up and down with the rising and the falling tide for nearly a whole month. The visible misery88 throughout the fireless city was great; and it was a problem I never could solve, whether people in-doors were greater sufferers from the cold than those who weathered the cruel winds sweeping89 the squares and the canals, and whistling through the streets of stone and brine. The boys had an unwonted season of sliding on the frozen lagoons, though a good deal persecuted91 by the police, who must have looked upon such a tremendous innovation as little better than revolution; and it was said that there were card-parties on the ice; but the only creatures which seemed really to enjoy the weather were the seagulls. These birds, which flock into the city in vast numbers at the first approach of cold, and, sailing up and down the canals between the palaces, bring to the dwellers92 in the city a full sense of mid-ocean forlornness and desolation, now rioted on the savage93 winds, with harsh cries, and danced upon the waves of the bitter brine, with a clamorous94 joy that had something eldritch and unearthly in it.
A place so much given to gossip as Venice did not fail to produce many memorable95 incidents of the cold; but the most singular adventure was that of the old man employed at the Armenian Convent to bring milk from the island of San Lazzaro to the city. One night, shortly after the coldest weather set in, he lost his oar96 as he was returning to the island. The wind, which is particularly furious in that part of the lagoon87, blew his boat away into the night, and the good brothers at the convent naturally gave up their milkman for lost. The winds and waters drifted him eight miles from the city into the northern lagoon, and there lodged97 his boat in the marshes99, where it froze fast in the stiffening100 mud. The luckless occupant had nothing to eat or drink in his boat, where he remained five days and nights, exposed to the inclemency of cold many degrees below friendship in severity. He made continual signs of distress101, but no boat came near enough to discover him. At last, when the whole marsh98 was frozen solid, he was taken off by some fishermen, and carried to the convent, where he remains102 in perfectly103 recovered health, and where no doubt he will be preserved alive many years in an atmosphere which renders dying a San Lazzaro a matter of no small difficulty. During the whole time of his imprisonment104, he sustained life against hunger and cold by smoking. I suppose no one will be surprised to learn that he was rescued by the fishermen through the miraculous105 interposition of the Madonna—as any one might have seen by the votive picture hung up at her shrine106 on a bridge of the Riva degli Schiavoni, wherein the Virgin107 was represented breaking through the clouds in one corner of the sky, and unmistakably directing the operations of the fishermen.
It is said that no such winter as that of 1863-4 has been known in Venice since the famous Anno del Ghiaccio (Year of the Ice), which fell about the beginning of the last century. This year is celebrated108 in the local literature; the play which commemorates109 it always draws full houses at the people’s theatre, Malibran; and the often-copied picture, by a painter of the time, representing Lustrissime and Lustrissimi in hoops110 and bag-wigs on the ice, never fails to block up the street before the shop-window in which it is exposed. The King of Denmark was then the guest of the Republic, and as the unprecedented111 cold defeated all the plans arranged for his diversion, the pleasure-loving government turned the cold itself to account, and made the ice occasion of novel brilliancy in its festivities. The duties on commerce between the city and the mainland were suspended for as long time as the lagoon should remain frozen, and the ice became a scene of the liveliest traffic, and was everywhere covered with sledges112, bringing the produce of the country to the capital, and carrying away its stuffs in return. The Venetians of every class amused themselves in visiting this free mart, and the gentler and more delicate sex pressed eagerly forward to traverse with their feet a space hitherto passable only in gondolas113. 7 The lagoon remained frozen, and these pleasures lasted eighteen days, a period of cold unequaled till last winter. A popular song now declares that the present generation has known a winter quite as marvelous as that of the Year of the Ice, and celebrates the wonder of walking on the water:—
Che bell’ affar!
Che patetico affar!
Che immenso affar!
Sora l’acqua camminar!
But after all the disagreeable winter, which hardly commences before Christmas, and which ends about the middle of March, is but a small part of the glorious Venetian year; and even this ungracious season has a loveliness, at times, which it can have nowhere but in Venice. What summer-delight of other lands could match the beauty of the first Venetian snow-fall which I saw? It had snowed overnight, and in the morning when I woke it was still snowing. The flakes114 fell softly and vertically115 through the motionless air, and all the senses were full of languor116 and repose117. It was rapture118 to lie still, and after a faint glimpse of the golden-winged angel on the bell-tower of St. Mark’s, to give indolent eye solely119 to the contemplation of the roof opposite, where the snow lay half an inch deep upon the brown tiles. The little scene—a few square yards of roof, a chimney-pot, and a dormer-window—was all that the most covetous120 spirit could demand; and I lazily lorded it over that domain121 of pleasure, while the lingering mists of a dream of new-world events blent themselves with the luxurious122 humor of the moment and the calm of the snow-fall, and made my reverie one of the perfectest things in the world. When I was lost the deepest in it, I was inexpressibly touched and gratified by the appearance of a black cat at the dormer-window. In Venice, roofs commanding pleasant exposures seem to be chiefly devoted123 to the cultivation124 of this animal, and there are many cats in Venice. My black cat looked wonderingly upon the snow for a moment, and then ran across the roof. Nothing could have been better. Any creature less silent, or in point of movement less soothing125 to the eye than a cat, would have been torture of the spirit. As it was, this little piece of action contented126 me so well, that I left every thing else out of my reverie, and could only think how deliciously the cat harmonized with the snow-covered tiles, the chimney-pot, and the dormer-window. I began to long for her reappearance, but when she did come forth127 and repeat her maneuver128, I ceased to have the slightest interest in the matter, and experienced only the disgust of satiety129. I had felt ennui—nothing remained but to get up and change my relations with the world.
In Venetian streets they give the fallen snow no rest. It is at once shoveled130 into the canals by hundreds of half-naked facchini; 8 and now in St. Mark’s Place the music of innumerable shovels131 smote132 upon my ear; and I saw the shivering legion of poverty as it engaged the elements in a struggle for the possession of the Piazza. But the snow continued to fall, and through the twilight of the descending133 flakes all this toil134 and encounter looked like that weary kind of effort in dreams, when the most determined135 industry seems only to renew the task. The lofty crest136 of the bell-tower was hidden in the folds of falling snow, and I could no longer see the golden angel upon its summit. But looked at across the Piazza, the beautiful outline of St. Mark’s Church was perfectly penciled in the air, and the shifting threads of the snow-fall were woven into a spell of novel enchantment137 around a structure that always seemed to me too exquisite138 in its fantastic loveliness to be any thing but the creation of magic. The tender snow had compassionated139 the beautiful edifice140 for all the wrongs of time, and so hid the stains and ugliness of decay that it looked as if just from the hand of the builder—or, better said, just from the brain of the architect. There was marvelous freshness in the colors of the mosaics141 in the great arches of the fa?ade, and all that gracious harmony into which the temple rises, of marble scrolls142 and leafy exuberance143 airily supporting the statues of the saints, was a hundred times etherealized by the purity and whiteness of the drifting flakes. The snow lay lightly on the golden globes that tremble like peacock-crests above the vast domes19, and plumed144 them with softest white; it robed the saints in ermine; and it danced over all its work, as if exulting145 in its beauty—beauty which filled me with subtle, selfish yearning146 to keep such evanescent loveliness for the little-while-longer of my whole life, and with despair to think that even the poor lifeless shadow of it could never be fairly reflected in picture or poem.
Through the wavering snow-fall, the Saint Theodore upon one of the granite147 pillars of the Piazzetta did not show so grim as his wont90 is, and the winged lion on the other might have been a winged lamb, so mild and gentle he looked by the tender light of the storm. 9 The towers of the island churches loomed148 faint and far away in the dimness; the sailors in the rigging of the ships that lay in the Basin wrought like phantoms149 among the shrouds150; the gondolas stole in and out of the opaque151 distance more noiselessly and dreamily than ever; and a silence, almost palpable, lay upon the mutest city in the world.
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1
purely
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| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
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aesthetic
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| adj.美学的，审美的，有美感 | |
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discomfort
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| n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便 | |
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habitual
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| adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的 | |
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clemency
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| n.温和，仁慈，宽厚 | |
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6
pretense
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| n.矫饰，做作，借口 | |
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dispense
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| vt.分配，分发；配(药)，发(药)；实施 | |
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8
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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itching
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| adj.贪得的，痒的，渴望的v.发痒( itch的现在分词 ) | |
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allay
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| v.消除，减轻(恐惧、怀疑等) | |
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frigid
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| adj.寒冷的，凛冽的；冷淡的；拘禁的 | |
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complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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suites
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| n.套( suite的名词复数 )；一套房间；一套家具；一套公寓 | |
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suite
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| n.一套(家具)；套房；随从人员 | |
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chambers
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| n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅 | |
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insidious
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| adj.阴险的，隐匿的，暗中为害的，（疾病）不知不觉之间加剧 | |
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banishing
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的现在分词 ) | |
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fleas
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| n.跳蚤( flea的名词复数 )；爱财如命；没好气地（拒绝某人的要求） | |
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domes
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| n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 )；像圆屋顶一样的东西；圆顶体育场 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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mosaic
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| n./adj.镶嵌细工的，镶嵌工艺品的，嵌花式的 | |
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petrified
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| adj.惊呆的；目瞪口呆的v.使吓呆，使惊呆；变僵硬；使石化(petrify的过去式和过去分词) | |
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muffled
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| adj.（声音）被隔的；听不太清的；（衣服）裹严的；蒙住的v.压抑，捂住( muffle的过去式和过去分词 )；用厚厚的衣帽包着（自己） | |
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legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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fabulous
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| adj.极好的；极为巨大的；寓言中的，传说中的 | |
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lodgings
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| n. 出租的房舍, 寄宿舍 | |
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rigor
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| n.严酷，严格，严厉 | |
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thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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piazza
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| n.广场；走廊 | |
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reciprocate
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| v.往复运动；互换；回报，酬答 | |
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respiration
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| n.呼吸作用；一次呼吸；植物光合作用 | |
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inclemency
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| n.险恶，严酷 | |
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beguile
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| vt.欺骗，消遣 | |
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perusal
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| n.细读，熟读；目测 | |
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dingy
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| adj.昏暗的，肮脏的 | |
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torpid
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| adj.麻痹的，麻木的，迟钝的 | |
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ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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diffusing
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| （使光）模糊，漫射，漫散( diffuse的现在分词 )； （使）扩散； （使）弥漫； （使）传播 | |
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acrid
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| adj.辛辣的，尖刻的，刻薄的 | |
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dint
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| n.由于，靠；凹坑 | |
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contrived
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| adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的 | |
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eccentricity
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| n.古怪，反常，怪癖 | |
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concession
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| n.让步，妥协；特许(权) | |
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addicted
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| adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的 | |
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45
glazed
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| adj.光滑的，像玻璃的；上过釉的；呆滞无神的v.装玻璃( glaze的过去式)；上釉于，上光；（目光）变得呆滞无神 | |
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bristling
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| a.竖立的 | |
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charcoal
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| n.炭，木炭，生物炭 | |
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defense
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| n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩 | |
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49
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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50
sniffed
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| v.以鼻吸气，嗅，闻( sniff的过去式和过去分词 )；抽鼻子（尤指哭泣、患感冒等时出声地用鼻子吸气）；抱怨，不以为然地说 | |
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51
fumes
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| n.(强烈而刺激的)气味，气体 | |
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poetical
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| adj.似诗人的；诗一般的；韵文的；富有诗意的 | |
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53
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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54
symbolization
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| n.象征，符号表现 | |
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55
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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56
chestnuts
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| n.栗子( chestnut的名词复数 )；栗色；栗树；栗色马 | |
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57
pumpkins
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| n.南瓜( pumpkin的名词复数 )；南瓜的果肉，南瓜囊 | |
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58
subsist
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| vi.生存，存在，供养 | |
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59
savory
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| adj.风味极佳的，可口的，味香的 | |
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60
mendicant
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| n.乞丐；adj.行乞的 | |
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61
sniffs
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| v.以鼻吸气，嗅，闻( sniff的第三人称单数 )；抽鼻子（尤指哭泣、患感冒等时出声地用鼻子吸气）；抱怨，不以为然地说 | |
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62
sniffing
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| n.探查法v.以鼻吸气，嗅，闻( sniff的现在分词 )；抽鼻子（尤指哭泣、患感冒等时出声地用鼻子吸气）；抱怨，不以为然地说 | |
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63
influenza
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| n.流行性感冒，流感 | |
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64
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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65
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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66
seducing
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| 诱奸( seduce的现在分词 )； 勾引； 诱使堕落； 使入迷 | |
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67
twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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68
malice
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| n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋 | |
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69
deferred
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| adj.延期的，缓召的v.拖延，延缓，推迟( defer的过去式和过去分词 )；服从某人的意愿，遵从 | |
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70
mitigated
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| v.减轻，缓和( mitigate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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71
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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72
renaissance
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| n.复活，复兴，文艺复兴 | |
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73
splendors
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| n.华丽( splendor的名词复数 )；壮丽；光辉；显赫 | |
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74
theatrical
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| adj.剧场的，演戏的；做戏似的，做作的 | |
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75
frescoed
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| 壁画( fresco的名词复数 )； 温壁画技法，湿壁画 | |
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76
arid
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| adj.干旱的；(土地)贫瘠的 | |
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77
gusty
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| adj.起大风的 | |
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78
costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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79
linen
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| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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80
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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81
thawing
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| n.熔化，融化v.（气候）解冻( thaw的现在分词 )；（态度、感情等）缓和；（冰、雪及冷冻食物）溶化；软化 | |
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82
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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83
sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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84
envious
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| adj.嫉妒的，羡慕的 | |
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85
frigidity
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| n.寒冷；冷淡；索然无味；（尤指妇女的）性感缺失 | |
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86
lagoons
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| n.污水池( lagoon的名词复数 )；潟湖；（大湖或江河附近的）小而浅的淡水湖；温泉形成的池塘 | |
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87
lagoon
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| n.泻湖，咸水湖 | |
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88
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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89
sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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90
wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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91
persecuted
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| （尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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92
dwellers
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| n.居民，居住者( dweller的名词复数 ) | |
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93
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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94
clamorous
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| adj.吵闹的，喧哗的 | |
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95
memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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96
oar
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| n.桨，橹，划手；v.划行 | |
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97
lodged
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| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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98
marsh
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| n.沼泽，湿地 | |
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99
marshes
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| n.沼泽，湿地( marsh的名词复数 ) | |
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100
stiffening
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| n. (使衣服等)变硬的材料, 硬化 动词stiffen的现在分词形式 | |
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101
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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102
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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103
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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104
imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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105
miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
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106
shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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107
virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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108
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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109
commemorates
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| n.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的名词复数 )v.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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110
hoops
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| n.箍( hoop的名词复数 )；（篮球）篮圈；（旧时儿童玩的）大环子；（两端埋在地里的）小铁弓 | |
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111
unprecedented
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| adj.无前例的，新奇的 | |
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112
sledges
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| n.雪橇，雪车( sledge的名词复数 )v.乘雪橇( sledge的第三人称单数 )；用雪橇运载 | |
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113
gondolas
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| n.狭长小船( gondola的名词复数 )；货架（一般指商店，例如化妆品店）；吊船工作台 | |
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114
flakes
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| 小薄片( flake的名词复数 )； （尤指）碎片； 雪花； 古怪的人 | |
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115
vertically
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| adv.垂直地 | |
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116
languor
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| n.无精力，倦怠 | |
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117
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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118
rapture
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| n.狂喜；全神贯注；着迷；v.使狂喜 | |
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119
solely
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| adv.仅仅，唯一地 | |
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120
covetous
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| adj.贪婪的，贪心的 | |
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121
domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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122
luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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123
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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124
cultivation
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| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
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125
soothing
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| adj.慰藉的；使人宽心的；镇静的 | |
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126
contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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127
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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128
maneuver
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| n.策略[pl.]演习；v.(巧妙)控制；用策略 | |
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129
satiety
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| n.饱和；(市场的)充分供应 | |
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130
shoveled
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| vt.铲，铲出（shovel的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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131
shovels
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| n.铲子( shovel的名词复数 )；锹；推土机、挖土机等的)铲；铲形部份v.铲子( shovel的第三人称单数 )；锹；推土机、挖土机等的)铲；铲形部份 | |
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132
smote
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| v.猛打，重击，打击( smite的过去式 ) | |
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133
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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134
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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135
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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136
crest
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| n.顶点；饰章；羽冠；vt.达到顶点；vi.形成浪尖 | |
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137
enchantment
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| n.迷惑，妖术，魅力 | |
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138
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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139
compassionated
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| v.同情（compassionate的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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140
edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室) | |
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141
mosaics
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| n.马赛克( mosaic的名词复数 )；镶嵌；镶嵌工艺；镶嵌图案 | |
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142
scrolls
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| n.（常用于录写正式文件的）纸卷( scroll的名词复数 )；卷轴；涡卷形（装饰）；卷形花纹v.（电脑屏幕上）从上到下移动（资料等），卷页( scroll的第三人称单数 )；（似卷轴般）卷起；（像展开卷轴般地）将文字显示于屏幕 | |
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143
exuberance
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| n.丰富；繁荣 | |
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144
plumed
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| 饰有羽毛的 | |
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145
exulting
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| vi. 欢欣鼓舞，狂喜 | |
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146
yearning
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| a.渴望的；向往的；怀念的 | |
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147
granite
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| adj.花岗岩，花岗石 | |
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148
loomed
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| v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的过去式和过去分词 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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149
phantoms
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| n.鬼怪，幽灵( phantom的名词复数 ) | |
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150
shrouds
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| n.裹尸布( shroud的名词复数 )；寿衣；遮蔽物；覆盖物v.隐瞒( shroud的第三人称单数 )；保密 | |
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151
opaque
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| adj.不透光的；不反光的，不传导的；晦涩的 | |
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