‘Fare thee well, and if for ever,
Still for ever fare thee well.’— Byron
[St. Petersburg, Boldino, Tsarskoe Selo, 1880–1881]
I
In the Lyceum’s noiseless shade
As in a garden when I grew,
I Apuleius gladly read
But would not look at Cicero.
’Twas then in valleys lone1, remote,
In spring-time, heard the cygnet’s note
By waters shining tranquilly2,
That first the Muse3 appeared to me.
Into the study of the boy
There came a sudden flash of light,
The Muse revealed her first delight,
Sang childhood’s pastimes and its joy,
Glory with which our history teems4
And the heart’s agitated5 dreams.
II
And the world met her smilingly,
A first success light pinions7 gave,
The old Derjavine noticed me,
And blest me, sinking to the grave.78
Then my companions young with pleasure
In the unfettered hours of leisure
Her utterances8 ever heard,
And by a partial temper stirred
And boiling o’er with friendly heat,
They first of all my brow did wreathe
And an encouragement did breathe
That my coy Muse might sing more sweet.
O triumphs of my guileless days,
How sweet a dream your memories raise!
78 This touching9 scene produced a lasting10 impression on Pushkin’s mind. It took place at a public examination at the Lyceum, on which occasion the boy poet produced a poem. The incident recalls the “Mon cher Tibulle” of Voltaire and the youthful Parny (see Note 42). Derjavine flourished during the reigns11 of Catherine the Second and Alexander the First. His poems are stiff and formal in style and are not much thought of by contemporary Russians. But a century back a very infinitesimal endowment of literary ability was sufficient to secure imperial reward and protection, owing to the backward state of the empire. Stanza12 II properly concludes with this line, the remainder having been expunged13 either by the author himself or the censors14. I have filled up the void with lines from a fragment left by the author having reference to this canto15.
III
Passion’s wild sway I then allowed,
Her promptings unto law did make,
Pursuits I followed of the crowd,
My sportive Muse I used to take
To many a noisy feast and fight,
Terror of guardians18 of the night;
And wild festivities among
She brought with her the gift of song.
Like a Bacchante in her sport
Beside the cup she sang her rhymes
And the young revellers of past times
Vociferously19 paid her court,
And I, amid the friendly crowd,
Of my light paramour was proud.
IV
But I abandoned their array,
And fled afar — she followed me.
How oft the kindly20 Muse away
Hath whiled the road’s monotony,
Entranced me by some mystic tale.
How oft beneath the moonbeams pale
Like Leonora did she ride79
With me Caucasian rocks beside!
How oft to the Crimean shore
She led me through nocturnal mist
Unto the sounding sea to list,
Where Nereids murmur21 evermore,
And where the billows hoarsely22 raise
To God eternal hymns23 of praise.
79 See Note 30, “Leonora,” a poem by Gottfried Augustus Burger, b. 1748, d. 1794.
V
Then, the far capital forgot,
Its splendour and its blandishments,
In poor Moldavia cast her lot,
She visited the humble24 tents
Of migratory25 gipsy hordes26 —
And wild among them grew her words —
Our godlike tongue she could exchange
For savage27 speech, uncouth28 and strange,
And ditties of the steppe she loved.
But suddenly all changed around!
Lo! in my garden was she found
And as a country damsel roved,
A pensive29 sorrow in her glance
And in her hand a French romance.
VI
Now for the first time I my Muse
Lead into good society,
Her steppe-like beauties I peruse30
With jealous fear, anxiety.
Through dense31 aristocratic rows
Of diplomats32 and warlike beaux
And supercilious33 dames35 she glides36,
Sits down and gazes on all sides —
Amazed at the confusing crowd,
Variety of speech and vests,
Deliberate approach of guests
Who to the youthful hostess bowed,
And the dark fringe of men, like frames
Enclosing pictures of fair dames.
VII
Assemblies oligarchical37
Please her by their decorum fixed38,
The rigour of cold pride and all
Titles and ages intermixed.
But who in that choice company
With clouded brow stands silently?
Unknown to all he doth appear,
A vision desolate39 and drear
Doth seem to him the festal scene.
Doth his brow wretchedness declare
Or suffering pride? Why is he there?
Who may he be? Is it Eugene?
Pray is it he? It is the same.
“And is it long since back he came?
VIII
“Is he the same or grown more wise?
Still doth the misanthrope40 appear?
He has returned, say in what guise41?
What is his latest character?
What doth he act? Is it Melmoth,80
Philanthropist or patriot42,
Childe Harold, quaker, devotee,
Or other mask donned playfully?
Or a good fellow for the nonce,
Like you and me and all the rest? —
But this is my advice, ’twere best
Not to behave as he did once —
Society he duped enow.”
“Is he known to you?”—“Yes and No.”
80 A romance by Maturin.
IX
Wherefore regarding him express
Perverse43, unfavourable views?
Is it that human restlessness
For ever carps, condemns44, pursues?
Is it that ardent45 souls of flame
By recklessness amuse or shame
Selfish nonentities46 around?
That mind which yearns47 for space is bound?
And that too often we receive
Professions eagerly for deeds,
That crass48 stupidity misleads,
That we by cant16 ourselves deceive,
That mediocrity alone
Without disgust we look upon?
X
Happy he who in youth was young,
Happy who timely grew mature,
He who life’s frosts which early wrung49
Hath gradually learnt to endure;
By visions who was ne’er deranged50
Nor from the mob polite estranged51,
At twenty who was prig or swell52,
At thirty who was married well,
At fifty who relief obtained
From public and from private ties,
Who glory, wealth and dignities
Hath tranquilly in turn attained53,
And unto whom we all allude54
As to a worthy55 man and good!
XI
But sad is the reflection made,
In vain was youth by us received,
That we her constantly betrayed
And she at last hath us deceived;
That our desires which noblest seemed,
The purest of the dreams we dreamed,
Have one by one all withered56 grown
Like rotten leaves by Autumn strown —
’Tis fearful to anticipate
Nought57 but of dinners a long row,
To look on life as on a show,
Eternally to imitate
The seemly crowd, partaking nought
Its passions and its modes of thought.
XII
The butt58 of scandal having been,
’Tis dreadful — ye agree, I hope —
To pass with reasonable men
For a fictitious60 misanthrope,
A visionary mortified61,
Or monster of Satanic pride,
Or e’en the “Demon62” of my strain.81
Oneguine — take him up again —
In duel63 having killed his friend
And reached, with nought his mind to engage,
The twenty-sixth year of his age,
Wearied of leisure in the end,
Without profession, business, wife,
He knew not how to spend his life.
81 The “Demon,” a short poem by Pushkin which at its first appearance created some excitement in Russian society. A more appropriate, or at any rate explanatory title, would have been the Tempter. It is descriptive of the first manifestation64 of doubt and cynicism in his youthful mind, allegorically as the visits of a “demon.” Russian society was moved to embody65 this imaginary demon in the person of a certain friend of Pushkin’s. This must not be confounded with Lermontoff’s poem bearing the same title upon which Rubinstein’s new opera, “Il Demonio,” is founded.
XIII
Him a disquietude did seize,
A wish from place to place to roam,
A very troublesome disease,
In some a willing martyrdom.
Abandoned he his country seat,
Of woods and fields the calm retreat,
Where every day before his eyes
A blood-bespattered shade would rise,
And aimless journeys did commence —
But still remembrance to him clings,
His travels like all other things
Inspired but weariness intense;
Returning, from his ship amid
A ball he fell as Tchatzki did.82
82 Tchatzki, one of the principal characters in Griboyedoff’s celebrated66 comedy “Woe67 from Wit” (Gore ot Ouma).
XIV
Behold68, the crowd begins to stir,
A whisper runs along the hall,
A lady draws the hostess near,
Behind her a grave general.
Her manners were deliberate,
Reserved, but not inanimate,
Her eyes no saucy69 glance address,
There was no angling for success.
Her features no grimaces70 bleared;
Of affectation innocent,
Calm and without embarrassment71,
A faithful model she appeared
Of “comme il faut.” Shishkoff, forgive!
I can’t translate the adjective.83
83 Shishkoff was a member of the literary school which cultivated the vernacular72 as opposed to the Arzamass or Gallic school, to which the poet himself and his uncle Vassili Pushkin belonged. He was admiral, author, and minister of education.
XV
Ladies in crowds around her close,
Her with a smile old women greet,
The men salute73 with lower bows
And watch her eye’s full glance to meet.
Maidens74 before her meekly76 move
Along the hall, and high above
The crowd doth head and shoulders rise
The general who accompanies.
None could her beautiful declare,
Yet viewing her from head to foot,
None could a trace of that impute78,
Which in the elevated sphere
Of London life is “vulgar” called
And ruthless fashion hath blackballed.
XVI
I like this word exceedingly
Although it will not bear translation,
With us ’tis quite a novelty
Not high in general estimation;
‘Twould serve ye in an epigram —
But turn we once more to our dame34.
Enchanting79, but unwittingly,
At table she was sitting by
The brilliant Nina Voronskoi,
The Neva’s Cleopatra, and
None the conviction could withstand
That Nina’s marble symmetry,
Though dazzling its effulgence80 white,
Could not eclipse her neighbour’s light.
XVII
“And is it,” meditates81 Eugene.
“And is it she? It must be — no —
How! from the waste of steppes unseen,”—
And the eternal lorgnette through
Frequent and rapid doth his glance
Seek the forgotten countenance82
Familiar to him long ago.
“Inform me, prince, pray dost thou know
The lady in the crimson83 cap
Who with the Spanish envoy84 speaks?”—
The prince’s eye Oneguine seeks:
“Ah! long the world hath missed thy shape!
But stop! I will present thee, if
You choose.”—“But who is she?”—“My wife.”
XVIII
“So thou art wed17! I did not know.
Long ago?”—”’Tis the second year.”
“To —?”—“Larina.”—“Tattiana?”—“So.
And dost thou know her?”—“We live near.”
“Then come with me.” The prince proceeds,
His wife approaches, with him leads
His relative and friend as well.
The lady’s glance upon him fell —
And though her soul might be confused,
And vehemently85 though amazed
She on the apparition86 gazed,
No signs of trouble her accused,
A mien87 unaltered she preserved,
Her bow was easy, unreserved.
XIX
Ah no! no faintness her attacked
Nor sudden turned she red or white,
Her brow she did not e’en contract
Nor yet her lip compressed did bite.
Though he surveyed her at his ease,
Not the least trace Oneguine sees
Of the Tattiana of times fled.
He conversation would have led —
But could not. Then she questioned him:—
“Had he been long here, and where from?
Straight from their province had he come?”—
Cast upwards89 then her eyeballs dim
Unto her husband, went away —
Transfixed Oneguine mine doth stay.
XX
Is this the same Tattiana, say,
Before whom once in solitude90,
In the beginning of this lay,
Deep in the distant province rude,
Impelled91 by zeal92 for moral worth,
He salutary rules poured forth93?
The maid whose note he still possessed94
Wherein the heart its vows95 expressed,
Where all upon the surface lies —
That girl — but he must dreaming be —
That girl whom once on a time he
Could in a humble sphere despise,
Can she have been a moment gone
Thus haughty96, careless in her tone?
XXI
He quits the fashionable throng97
And meditative98 homeward goes,
Visions, now sad, now grateful, long
Do agitate6 his late repose99.
He wakes — they with a letter come —
The Princess N. will be at home
On such a day. O Heavens, ’tis she!
Oh! I accept. And instantly
He a polite reply doth scrawl100.
What hath he dreamed? What hath occurred?
In the recesses101 what hath stirred
Of a heart cold and cynical102?
Vexation? Vanity? or strove
Again the plague of boyhood — love?
XXII
The hours once more Oneguine counts,
Impatient waits the close of day,
But ten strikes and his sledge103 he mounts
And gallops104 to her house away.
Trembling he seeks the young princess —
Tattiana finds in loneliness.
Together moments one or two
They sat, but conversation’s flow
Deserted105 Eugene. He, distraught,
Sits by her gloomily, desponds,
Scarce to her questions he responds,
Full of exasperating106 thought.
He fixedly107 upon her stares —
She calm and unconcerned appears.
XXIII
The husband comes and interferes108
With this unpleasant tete-a-tete,
With Eugene pranks109 of former years
And jests doth recapitulate110.
They talked and laughed. The guests arrived.
The conversation was revived
By the coarse wit of worldly hate;
But round the hostess scintillate111
Light sallies without coxcombry112,
Awhile sound conversation seems
To banish113 far unworthy themes
And platitudes114 and pedantry115,
And never was the ear affright
By liberties or loose or light.
XXIV
And yet the city’s flower was there,
Noblesse and models of the mode,
Faces which we meet everywhere
And necessary fools allowed.
Behold the dames who once were fine
With roses, caps and looks malign116;
Some marriageable maids behold,
Blank, unapproachable and cold.
Lo, the ambassador who speaks
Economy political,
And with gray hair ambrosial117
The old man who has had his freaks,
Renowned118 for his acumen119, wit,
But now ridiculous a bit.
XXV
Behold Sabouroff, whom the age
For baseness of the spirit scorns,
Saint Priest, who every album’s page
With blunted pencil-point adorns120.
Another tribune of the ball
Hung like a print against the wall,
Pink as Palm Sunday cherubim,84
Motionless, mute, tight-laced and trim.
The traveller, bird of passage he,
Stiff, overstarched and insolent121,
Awakens122 secret merriment
By his embarrassed dignity —
Mute glances interchanged aside
Meet punishment for him provide.
84 On Palm Sunday the Russians carry branches, or used to do so. These branches were adorned123 with little painted pictures of cherubs124 with the ruddy complexions125 of tradition. Hence the comparison.
XXVI
But my Oneguine the whole eve
Within his mind Tattiana bore,
Not the young timid maid, believe,
Enamoured, simple-minded, poor,
But the indifferent princess,
Divinity without access
Of the imperial Neva’s shore.
O Men, how very like ye are
To Eve the universal mother,
Possession hath no power to please,
The serpent to unlawful trees
Aye bids ye in some way or other —
Unless forbidden fruit we eat,
Our paradise is no more sweet.
XXVII
Ah! how Tattiana was transformed,
How thoroughly126 her part she took!
How soon to habits she conformed
Which crushing dignity must brook127!
Who would the maiden75 innocent
In the unmoved, magnificent
Autocrat128 of the drawing-room seek?
And he had made her heart beat quick!
’Twas he whom, amid nightly shades,
Whilst Morpheus his approach delays,
She mourned and to the moon would raise
The languid eye of love-sick maids,
Dreaming perchance in weal or woe
To end with him her path below.
XXVIII
To Love all ages lowly bend,
But the young unpolluted heart
His gusts129 should fertilize130, amend131,
As vernal storms the fields athwart.
Youth freshens beneath Passion’s showers,
Develops and matures its powers,
And thus in season the rich field
Gay flowers and luscious132 fruit doth yield.
But at a later, sterile133 age,
The solstice of our earthly years,
Mournful Love’s deadly trace appears
As storms which in chill autumn rage
And leave a marsh134 the fertile ground
And devastate135 the woods around.
XXIX
There was no doubt! Eugene, alas136!
Tattiana loved as when a lad,
Both day and night he now must pass
In love-lorn meditation137 sad.
Careless of every social rule,
The crystals of her vestibule
He daily in his drives drew near
And like a shadow haunted her.
Enraptured138 was he if allowed
To swathe her shoulders in the furs,
If his hot hand encountered hers,
Or he dispersed139 the motley crowd
Of lackeys140 in her pathway grouped,
Or to pick up her kerchief stooped.
XXX
She seemed of him oblivious141,
Despite the anguish142 of his breast,
Received him freely at her house,
At times three words to him addressed
In company, or simply bowed,
Or recognized not in the crowd.
No coquetry was there, I vouch143 —
Society endures not such!
Oneguine’s cheek grew ashy pale,
Either she saw not or ignored;
Oneguine wasted; on my word,
Already he grew phthisical.
All to the doctors Eugene send,
And they the waters recommend.
XXXI
He went not — sooner was prepared
To write his forefathers145 to warn
Of his approach; but nothing cared
Tattiana — thus the sex is born. —
He obstinately146 will remain,
Still hopes, endeavours, though in vain.
Sickness more courage doth command
Than health, so with a trembling hand
A love epistle he doth scrawl.
Though correspondence as a rule
He used to hate — and was no fool —
Yet suffering emotional
Had rendered him an invalid147;
But word for word his letter read.
Oneguine’s Letter to Tattiana
All is foreseen. My secret drear
Will sound an insult in your ear.
What acrimonious148 scorn I trace
Depicted149 on your haughty face!
What do I ask? What cause assigned
That I to you reveal my mind?
To what malicious150 merriment,
It may be, I yield nutriment!
Meeting you in times past by chance,
Warmth I imagined in your glance,
But, knowing not the actual truth,
Restrained the impulses of youth;
Also my wretched liberty
I would not part with finally;
This separated us as well —
Lenski, unhappy victim, fell,
From everything the heart held dear
I then resolved my heart to tear;
Unknown to all, without a tie,
I thought — retirement151, liberty,
Will happiness replace. My God!
How I have erred152 and felt the rod!
No, ever to behold your face,
To follow you in every place,
Your smiling lips, your beaming eyes,
To watch with lovers’ ecstasies153,
Long listen, comprehend the whole
Of your perfections in my soul,
Before you agonized154 to die —
This, this were true felicity!
But such is not for me. I brood
Daily of love in solitude.
My days of life approach their end,
Yet I in idleness expend155
The remnant destiny concedes,
And thus each stubbornly proceeds.
I feel, allotted156 is my span;
But, that life longer may remain,
At morn I must assuredly
Know that thy face that day I see.
I tremble lest my humble prayer
You with stern countenance declare
The artifice157 of villany —
I hear your harsh, reproachful cry.
If ye but knew how dreadful ’tis
To bear love’s parching158 agonies —
To burn, yet reason keep awake
The fever of the blood to slake159 —
A passionate160 desire to bend
And, sobbing161 at your feet, to blend
Entreaties162, woes163 and prayers, confess
All that the heart would fain express —
Yet with a feigned164 frigidity165
To arm the tongue and e’en the eye,
To be in conversation clear
And happy unto you appear.
So be it! But internal strife166
I cannot longer wage concealed167.
The die is cast! Thine is my life!
Into thy hands my fate I yield!
XXXII
No answer! He another sent.
Epistle second, note the third,
Remained unnoticed. Once he went
To an assembly — she appeared
Just as he entered. How severe!
She will not see, she will not hear.
Alas! she is as hard, behold,
And frosty as a Twelfth Night cold.
Oh, how her lips compressed restrain
The indignation of her heart!
A sidelong look doth Eugene dart168:
Where, where, remorse169, compassion170, pain?
Where, where, the trace of tears? None, none!
Upon her brow sits wrath171 alone —
XXXIII
And it may be a secret dread59
Lest the world or her lord divine
A certain little escapade
Well known unto Oneguine mine.
’Tis hopeless! Homeward doth he flee
Cursing his own stupidity,
And brooding o’er the ills he bore,
Society renounced172 once more.
Then in the silent cabinet
He in imagination saw
The time when Melancholy’s claw
‘Mid worldly pleasures chased him yet,
Caught him and by the collar took
And shut him in a lonely nook.
XXXIV
He read as vainly as before,
perusing173 Gibbon and Rousseau,
Manzoni, Herder and Chamfort,85
Madame de Stael, Bichat, Tissot:
He read the unbelieving Bayle,
Also the works of Fontenelle,
Some Russian authors he perused174 —
Nought in the universe refused:
Nor almanacs nor newspapers,
Which lessons unto us repeat,
Wherein I castigation175 get;
And where a madrigal176 occurs
Writ144 in my honour now and then —
E sempre bene, gentlemen!
85 Owing to the unstable177 nature of fame the names of some of the above literary worthies178 necessitate179 reference at this period in the nineteenth century.
Johann Gottfried von Herder, b. 1744, d. 1803, a German philosopher, philanthropist and author, was the personal friend of Goethe and held the poet of court chaplain at Weimar. His chief work is entitled, “Ideas for a Philosophy of the History of Mankind,” in 4 vols.
Sebastien Roch Nicholas Chamfort, b. 1741, d. 1794, was a French novelist and dramatist of the Revolution, who contrary to his real wishes became entangled180 in its meshes181. He exercised a considerable influence over certain of its leaders, notably182 Mirabeau and Sieyes. He is said to have originated the title of the celebrated tract88 from the pen of the latter. “What is the Tiers Etat? Nothing. What ought it to be? Everything.” He ultimately experienced the common destiny in those days, was thrown into prison and though shortly afterwards released, his incarceration183 had such an effect upon his mind that he committed suicide.
Marie Francois Xavier Bichat, b. 1771, d. 1802, a French anatomist and physiologist184 of eminence185. His principal works are a “Traite des Membranes,” “Anatomie generale appliquee a la Physiologie et a la Medecine,” and “Recherches Physiologiques sur la Vie et la Mort.” He died at an early age from constant exposure to noxious186 exhalations during his researches.
Pierre Francois Tissot, b. 1768, d. 1864, a French writer of the Revolution and Empire. In 1812 he was appointed by Napoleon editor of the Gazette de France. He wrote histories of the Revolution, of Napoleon and of France. He was likewise a poet and author of a work entitled “Les trois Irlandais Conjures187, ou l’ombre d’Emmet,” and is believed to have edited Foy’s “History of the Peninsular War.”
The above catalogue by its heterogeneous188 composition gives a fair idea of the intellectual movement in Russia from the Empress Catherine the Second downwards189. It is characterized by a feverish190 thirst for encyclopaedic knowledge without a corresponding power of assimilation.
XXXV
But what results? His eyes peruse
But thoughts meander191 far away —
Ideas, desires and woes confuse
His intellect in close array.
His eyes, the printed lines betwixt,
On lines invisible are fixt;
’Twas these he read and these alone
His spirit was intent upon.
They were the wonderful traditions
Of kindly, dim antiquity192,
Dreams with no continuity,
Prophecies, threats and apparitions193,
The lively trash of stories long
Or letters of a maiden young.
XXXVI
And by degrees upon him grew
A lethargy of sense, a trance,
And soon imagination threw
Before him her wild game of chance.
And now upon the snow in thaw194
A young man motionless he saw,
As one who bivouacs afield,
And heard a voice cry — Why! He’s killed! —
And now he views forgotten foes195,
Poltroons and men of slanderous196 tongue,
Bevies197 of treacherous198 maidens young;
Of thankless friends the circle rose,
A mansion199 — by the window, see!
She sits alone —’tis ever she!
XXXVII
So frequently his mind would stray
He well-nigh lost the use of sense,
Almost became a poet say —
Oh! what had been his eminence!
Indeed, by force of magnetism200
A Russian poem’s mechanism201
My scholar without aptitude202
At this time almost understood.
How like a poet was my chum
When, sitting by his fire alone
Whilst cheerily the embers shone,
He “Benedetta” used to hum,
Or “Idol mio,” and in the grate
Would lose his slippers203 or gazette.
XXXVIII
Time flies! a genial204 air abroad,
Winter resigned her empire white,
Oneguine ne’er as poet showed
Nor died nor lost his senses quite.
Spring cheered him up, and he resigned
His chambers205 close wherein confined
He marmot-like did hibernate206,
His double sashes and his grate,
And sallied forth one brilliant morn —
Along the Neva’s bank he sleighs,
On the blue blocks of ice the rays
Of the sun glisten207; muddy, worn,
The snow upon the streets doth melt —
Whither along them doth he pelt208?
XXXIX
Oneguine whither gallops? Ye
Have guessed already. Yes, quite so!
Unto his own Tattiana he,
Incorrigible209 rogue210, doth go.
Her house he enters, ghastly white,
The vestibule finds empty quite —
He enters the saloon. ’Tis blank!
A door he opens. But why shrank
He back as from a sudden blow? —
Alone the princess sitteth there,
Pallid211 and with dishevelled hair,
Gazing upon a note below.
Her tears flow plentifully212 and
Her cheek reclines upon her hand.
XL
Oh! who her speechless agonies
Could not in that brief moment guess!
Who now could fail to recognize
Tattiana in the young princess!
Tortured by pangs213 of wild regret,
Eugene fell prostrate214 at her feet —
She starts, nor doth a word express,
But gazes on Oneguine’s face
Without amaze or wrath displayed:
His sunken eye and aspect faint,
Imploring215 looks and mute complaint
She comprehends. The simple maid
By fond illusions once possest
Is once again made manifest.
XLI
His kneeling posture216 he retains —
Calmly her eyes encounter his —
Insensible her hand remains217
Beneath his lips’ devouring218 kiss.
What visions then her fancy thronged219 —
A breathless silence then, prolonged —
But finally she softly said:
“Enough, arise! for much we need
Without disguise ourselves explain.
Oneguine, hast forgotten yet
The hour when — Fate so willed — we met
In the lone garden and the lane?
How meekly then I heard you preach —
To-day it is my turn to teach.
XLII
“Oneguine, I was younger then,
And better, if I judge aright;
I loved you — what did I obtain?
Affection how did you requite220?
But with austerity! — for you
No novelty — is it not true? —
Was the meek77 love a maiden feels.
But now — my very blood congeals221,
Calling to mind your icy look
And sermon — but in that dread hour
I blame not your behaviour —
An honourable222 course ye took,
Displayed a noble rectitude —
My soul is filled with gratitude223!
XLIII
“Then, in the country, is’t not true?
And far removed from rumour224 vain;
I did not please you. Why pursue
Me now, inflict225 upon me pain? —
Wherefore am I your quarry226 held? —
Is it that I am now compelled
To move in fashionable life,
That I am rich, a prince’s wife? —
Because my lord, in battles maimed,
Is petted by the Emperor? —
That my dishonour227 would ensure
A notoriety proclaimed,
And in society might shed
A bastard228 fame prohibited?
XLIV
“I weep. And if within your breast
My image hath not disappeared,
Know that your sarcasm229 ill-suppressed,
Your conversation cold and hard,
If the choice in my power were,
To lawless love I should prefer —
And to these letters and these tears.
For visions of my childish years
Then ye were barely generous,
Age immature230 averse231 to cheat —
But now — what brings you to my feet? —
How mean, how pusillanimous232!
A prudent233 man like you and brave
To shallow sentiment a slave!
XLV
“Oneguine, all this sumptuousness234,
The gilding235 of life’s vanities,
In the world’s vortex my success,
My splendid house and gaieties —
What are they? Gladly would I yield
This life in masquerade concealed,
This glitter, riot, emptiness,
For my wild garden and bookcase —
Yes! for our unpretending home,
Oneguine — the beloved place
Where the first time I saw your face —
Or for the solitary236 tomb
Wherein my poor old nurse doth lie
Beneath a cross and shrubbery.
XLVI
“’Twas possible then, happiness —
Nay237, near — but destiny decreed —
My lot is fixed — with thoughtlessness
It may be that I did proceed —
With bitter tears my mother prayed,
And for Tattiana, mournful maid,
Indifferent was her future fate.
I married — now, I supplicate238 —
For ever your Tattiana leave.
Your heart possesses, I know well,
Honour and pride inflexible239.
I love you — to what end deceive? —
But I am now another’s bride —
For ever faithful will abide240.”
XLVII
She rose — departed. But Eugene
Stood as if struck by lightning fire.
What a storm of emotions keen
Raged round him and of balked241 desire!
And hark! the clank of spurs is heard
And Tania’s husband soon appeared. —
But now our hero we must leave
Just at a moment which I grieve
Must be pronounced unfortunate —
For long — for ever. To be sure
Together we have wandered o’er
The world enough. Congratulate
Each other as the shore we climb!
Hurrah242! it long ago was time!
XLVIII
Reader, whoever thou mayst be,
Foeman or friend, I do aspire243
To part in amity244 with thee!
Adieu! whate’er thou didst desire
From careless stanzas245 such as these,
Of passion reminiscences,
Pictures of the amusing scene,
Repose from labour, satire246 keen,
Or faults of grammar on its page —
God grant that all who herein glance,
In serious mood or dalliance
Or in a squabble to engage,
May find a crumb247 to satisfy.
Now we must separate. Good-bye!
XLIX
And farewell thou, my gloomy friend,
Thou also, my ideal true,
And thou, persistent248 to the end,
My little book. With thee I knew
All that a poet could desire,
Oblivion of life’s tempest dire249,
Of friends the grateful intercourse250 —
Oh, many a year hath run its course
Since I beheld251 Eugene and young
Tattiana in a misty252 dream,
And my romance’s open theme
Glittered in a perspective long,
And I discerned through Fancy’s prism
Distinctly not its mechanism.
L
But ye to whom, when friendship heard,
The first-fruits of my tale I read,
As Saadi anciently averred253 — 86
Some are afar and some are dead.
Without them Eugene is complete;
And thou, from whom Tattiana sweet;
Was drawn254, ideal of my lay —
Ah! what hath fate not torn away!
Happy who quit life’s banquet seat
Before the dregs they shall divine
Of the cup brimming o’er with wine —
Who the romance do not complete,
But who abandon it — as I
Have my Oneguine — suddenly.
86 The celebrated Persian poet. Pushkin uses the passage referred to as an epigraph to the “Fountain of Baktchiserai.” It runs thus: “Many, even as I, visited that fountain, but some of these are dead and some have journeyed afar.” Saadi was born in 1189 at Shiraz and was a reputed descendant from Ali, Mahomet’s son-inlaw. In his youth he was a soldier, was taken prisoner by the Crusaders and forced to work in the ditches of Tripoli, whence he was ransomed255 by a merchant whose daughter he subsequently married. He did not commence writing till an advanced age. His principal work is the “Gulistan,” or “Rose Garden,” a work which has been translated into almost every European tongue.
End of Canto The Eighth
The End
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1
lone
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| adj.孤寂的，单独的；唯一的 | |
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tranquilly
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| adv. 宁静地 | |
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muse
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| n.缪斯（希腊神话中的女神），创作灵感 | |
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teems
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| v.充满( teem的第三人称单数 )；到处都是；（指水、雨等）暴降；倾注 | |
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agitated
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| adj.被鼓动的，不安的 | |
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agitate
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| vi.(for,against)煽动，鼓动；vt.搅动 | |
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pinions
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| v.抓住[捆住]（双臂）( pinion的第三人称单数 ) | |
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utterances
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| n.发声( utterance的名词复数 )；说话方式；语调；言论 | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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lasting
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| adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持 | |
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reigns
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| n.君主的统治( reign的名词复数 )；君主统治时期；任期；当政期 | |
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stanza
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| n.（诗）节，段 | |
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expunged
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| v.擦掉( expunge的过去式和过去分词 )；除去；删去；消除 | |
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censors
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| 删剪（书籍、电影等中被认为犯忌、违反道德或政治上危险的内容）( censor的第三人称单数 ) | |
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canto
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| n.长篇诗的章 | |
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cant
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| n.斜穿，黑话，猛扔 | |
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wed
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| v.娶，嫁，与…结婚 | |
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guardians
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| 监护人( guardian的名词复数 )； 保护者，维护者 | |
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vociferously
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| adv.喊叫地，吵闹地 | |
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kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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murmur
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| n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言 | |
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hoarsely
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| adv.嘶哑地 | |
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hymns
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| n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌( hymn的名词复数 ) | |
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24
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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25
migratory
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| n.候鸟，迁移 | |
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26
hordes
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| n.移动着的一大群( horde的名词复数 )；部落 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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uncouth
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| adj.无教养的，粗鲁的 | |
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29
pensive
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| a.沉思的,哀思的,忧沉的 | |
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peruse
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| v.细读，精读 | |
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dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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diplomats
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| n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人 | |
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33
supercilious
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| adj.目中无人的，高傲的；adv.高傲地；n.高傲 | |
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34
dame
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| n.女士 | |
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dames
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| n.（在英国）夫人（一种封号），夫人（爵士妻子的称号）( dame的名词复数 )；女人 | |
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36
glides
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| n.滑行( glide的名词复数 )；滑音；音渡；过渡音v.滑动( glide的第三人称单数 )；掠过；（鸟或飞机 ） 滑翔 | |
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37
oligarchical
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| adj.寡头政治的，主张寡头政治的 | |
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38
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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40
misanthrope
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| n.恨人类的人；厌世者 | |
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41
guise
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| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
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42
patriot
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| n.爱国者，爱国主义者 | |
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43
perverse
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| adj.刚愎的；坚持错误的，行为反常的 | |
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44
condemns
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| v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的第三人称单数 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地 | |
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45
ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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46
nonentities
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| n.无足轻重的人( nonentity的名词复数 )；蝼蚁 | |
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47
yearns
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| 渴望，切盼，向往( yearn的第三人称单数 ) | |
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48
crass
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| adj.愚钝的，粗糙的；彻底的 | |
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49
wrung
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| 绞( wring的过去式和过去分词 )； 握紧（尤指别人的手）； 把（湿衣服）拧干； 绞掉（水） | |
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50
deranged
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| adj.疯狂的 | |
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51
estranged
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| adj.疏远的，分离的 | |
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52
swell
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| vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强 | |
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53
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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54
allude
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| v.提及，暗指 | |
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55
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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56
withered
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| adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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57
nought
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| n.／adj.无，零 | |
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58
butt
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| n.笑柄；烟蒂；枪托；臀部；v.用头撞或顶 | |
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59
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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60
fictitious
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| adj.虚构的，假设的；空头的 | |
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61
mortified
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| v.使受辱( mortify的过去式和过去分词 )；伤害（人的感情）；克制；抑制（肉体、情感等） | |
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62
demon
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| n.魔鬼，恶魔 | |
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63
duel
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| n./v.决斗；(双方的)斗争 | |
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64
manifestation
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| n.表现形式；表明；现象 | |
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65
embody
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| vt.具体表达，使具体化；包含，收录 | |
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66
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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67
woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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68
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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69
saucy
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| adj.无礼的；俊俏的；活泼的 | |
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70
grimaces
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| n.（表蔑视、厌恶等）面部扭曲，鬼脸( grimace的名词复数 )v.扮鬼相，做鬼脸( grimace的第三人称单数 ) | |
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71
embarrassment
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| n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫 | |
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72
vernacular
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| adj.地方的，用地方语写成的；n.白话；行话；本国语；动植物的俗名 | |
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73
salute
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| vi.行礼，致意，问候，放礼炮；vt.向…致意，迎接，赞扬；n.招呼，敬礼，礼炮 | |
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74
maidens
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| 处女( maiden的名词复数 )； 少女； 未婚女子； （板球运动）未得分的一轮投球 | |
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75
maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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76
meekly
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| adv.温顺地，逆来顺受地 | |
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77
meek
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| adj.温顺的，逆来顺受的 | |
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78
impute
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| v.归咎于 | |
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enchanting
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| a.讨人喜欢的 | |
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80
effulgence
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| n.光辉 | |
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81
meditates
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| 深思，沉思，冥想( meditate的第三人称单数 )； 内心策划，考虑 | |
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82
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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83
crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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84
envoy
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| n.使节，使者，代表，公使 | |
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85
vehemently
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| adv. 热烈地 | |
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86
apparition
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| n.幽灵，神奇的现象 | |
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87
mien
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| n.风采；态度 | |
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88
tract
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| n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林) | |
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89
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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90
solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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91
impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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vows
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| 誓言( vow的名词复数 )； 郑重宣布，许愿 | |
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haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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meditative
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| adj.沉思的，冥想的 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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scrawl
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| vt.潦草地书写；n.潦草的笔记，涂写 | |
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101
recesses
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| n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 )；（工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间；学校的课间休息；某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 )；将（墙）做成凹形，在（墙）上做壁龛；休息，休会，休庭 | |
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102
cynical
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| adj.(对人性或动机)怀疑的，不信世道向善的 | |
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103
sledge
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| n.雪橇，大锤；v.用雪橇搬运，坐雪橇往 | |
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gallops
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| （马等）奔驰，骑马奔驰( gallop的名词复数 ) | |
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deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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106
exasperating
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| adj. 激怒的 动词exasperate的现在分词形式 | |
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107
fixedly
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| adv.固定地；不屈地，坚定不移地 | |
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108
interferes
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| vi. 妨碍，冲突，干涉 | |
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109
pranks
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| n.玩笑，恶作剧( prank的名词复数 ) | |
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110
recapitulate
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| v.节述要旨，择要说明 | |
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111
scintillate
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| v.闪烁火光；放出火花 | |
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112
coxcombry
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| n.（男子的）虚浮，浮夸，爱打扮 | |
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113
banish
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| vt.放逐，驱逐；消除，排除 | |
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114
platitudes
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| n.平常的话，老生常谈，陈词滥调( platitude的名词复数 )；滥套子 | |
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115
pedantry
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| n.迂腐，卖弄学问 | |
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116
malign
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| adj.有害的；恶性的；恶意的；v.诽谤，诬蔑 | |
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117
ambrosial
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| adj.美味的 | |
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118
renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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119
acumen
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| n.敏锐，聪明 | |
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120
adorns
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| 装饰，佩带( adorn的第三人称单数 ) | |
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121
insolent
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| adj.傲慢的，无理的 | |
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122
awakens
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的第三人称单数 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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123
adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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124
cherubs
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| 小天使，胖娃娃( cherub的名词复数 ) | |
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125
complexions
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| 肤色( complexion的名词复数 )； 面色； 局面； 性质 | |
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126
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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127
brook
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| n.小河，溪；v.忍受，容让 | |
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128
autocrat
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| n.独裁者；专横的人 | |
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129
gusts
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| 一阵强风( gust的名词复数 )； （怒、笑等的）爆发； （感情的）迸发； 发作 | |
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130
fertilize
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| v.使受精，施肥于，使肥沃 | |
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131
amend
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| vt.修改，修订，改进；n.[pl.]赔罪，赔偿 | |
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132
luscious
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| adj.美味的；芬芳的；肉感的，引与性欲的 | |
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133
sterile
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| adj.不毛的，不孕的，无菌的，枯燥的，贫瘠的 | |
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134
marsh
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| n.沼泽，湿地 | |
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135
devastate
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| v.使荒芜，破坏，压倒 | |
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136
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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137
meditation
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| n.熟虑，（尤指宗教的）默想，沉思，（pl.）冥想录 | |
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138
enraptured
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| v.使狂喜( enrapture的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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139
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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140
lackeys
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| n.听差( lackey的名词复数 )；男仆（通常穿制服）；卑躬屈膝的人；被待为奴仆的人 | |
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141
oblivious
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| adj.易忘的，遗忘的，忘却的，健忘的 | |
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142
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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143
vouch
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| v.担保；断定；n.被担保者 | |
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144
writ
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| n.命令状，书面命令 | |
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145
forefathers
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| n.祖先，先人；祖先，祖宗( forefather的名词复数 )；列祖列宗；前人 | |
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146
obstinately
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| ad.固执地，顽固地 | |
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147
invalid
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| n.病人，伤残人；adj.有病的，伤残的；无效的 | |
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148
acrimonious
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| adj.严厉的，辛辣的，刻毒的 | |
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149
depicted
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| 描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述 | |
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150
malicious
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| adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的 | |
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151
retirement
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| n.退休，退职 | |
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152
erred
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| 犯错误，做错事( err的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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153
ecstasies
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| 狂喜( ecstasy的名词复数 )； 出神； 入迷； 迷幻药 | |
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154
agonized
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| v.使（极度）痛苦，折磨( agonize的过去式和过去分词 )；苦斗；苦苦思索；感到极度痛苦 | |
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155
expend
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| vt.花费，消费，消耗 | |
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156
allotted
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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157
artifice
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| n.妙计，高明的手段；狡诈，诡计 | |
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158
parching
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| adj.烘烤似的，焦干似的v.（使）焦干， （使）干透( parch的现在分词 )；使（某人）极口渴 | |
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159
slake
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| v.解渴，使平息 | |
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160
passionate
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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161
sobbing
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| <主方>Ⅰ adj.湿透的 | |
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162
entreaties
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| n.恳求，乞求( entreaty的名词复数 ) | |
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163
woes
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| 困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉 | |
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164
feigned
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| a.假装的，不真诚的 | |
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165
frigidity
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| n.寒冷；冷淡；索然无味；（尤指妇女的）性感缺失 | |
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166
strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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167
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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168
dart
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| v.猛冲，投掷；n.飞镖，猛冲 | |
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169
remorse
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| n.痛恨，悔恨，自责 | |
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170
compassion
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| n.同情，怜悯 | |
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171
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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172
renounced
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| v.声明放弃( renounce的过去式和过去分词 )；宣布放弃；宣布与…决裂；宣布摒弃 | |
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173
perusing
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| v.读（某篇文字）( peruse的现在分词 )；（尤指）细阅；审阅；匆匆读或心不在焉地浏览（某篇文字） | |
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174
perused
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| v.读（某篇文字）( peruse的过去式和过去分词 )；（尤指）细阅；审阅；匆匆读或心不在焉地浏览（某篇文字） | |
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175
castigation
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| n.申斥，强烈反对 | |
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176
madrigal
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| n.牧歌；（流行于16和17世纪无乐器伴奏的）合唱歌曲 | |
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177
unstable
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| adj.不稳定的，易变的 | |
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178
worthies
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| 应得某事物( worthy的名词复数 )； 值得做某事； 可尊敬的； 有（某人或事物）的典型特征 | |
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179
necessitate
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| v.使成为必要，需要 | |
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180
entangled
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| adj.卷入的；陷入的；被缠住的；缠在一起的v.使某人（某物/自己）缠绕，纠缠于（某物中），使某人（自己）陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）( entangle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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181
meshes
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| 网孔( mesh的名词复数 )； 网状物； 陷阱； 困境 | |
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182
notably
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| adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地 | |
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183
incarceration
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| n.监禁，禁闭；钳闭 | |
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184
physiologist
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| n.生理学家 | |
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185
eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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186
noxious
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| adj.有害的，有毒的；使道德败坏的，讨厌的 | |
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187
conjures
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| 用魔术变出( conjure的第三人称单数 )； 祈求，恳求； 变戏法； （变魔术般地） 使…出现 | |
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188
heterogeneous
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| adj.庞杂的；异类的 | |
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189
downwards
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| adj./adv.向下的（地），下行的（地） | |
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190
feverish
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| adj.发烧的，狂热的，兴奋的 | |
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191
meander
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| n.河流的曲折，漫步，迂回旅行；v.缓慢而弯曲地流动，漫谈 | |
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192
antiquity
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| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
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193
apparitions
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| n.特异景象( apparition的名词复数 )；幽灵；鬼；（特异景象等的）出现 | |
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194
thaw
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| v.（使）融化，（使）变得友善；n.融化，缓和 | |
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195
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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196
slanderous
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| adj.诽谤的，中伤的 | |
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197
bevies
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| n.（尤指少女或妇女的）一群( bevy的名词复数 )；（鸟类的）一群 | |
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198
treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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199
mansion
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| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
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200
magnetism
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| n.磁性，吸引力，磁学 | |
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201
mechanism
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| n.机械装置；机构，结构 | |
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202
aptitude
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| n.(学习方面的)才能，资质，天资 | |
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203
slippers
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| n. 拖鞋 | |
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204
genial
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| adj.亲切的，和蔼的，愉快的，脾气好的 | |
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205
chambers
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| n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅 | |
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206
hibernate
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| v.冬眠，蛰伏 | |
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207
glisten
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| vi.（光洁或湿润表面等）闪闪发光，闪闪发亮 | |
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208
pelt
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| v.投掷，剥皮，抨击，开火 | |
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209
incorrigible
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| adj.难以纠正的，屡教不改的 | |
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210
rogue
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| n.流氓；v.游手好闲 | |
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211
pallid
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| adj.苍白的，呆板的 | |
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212
plentifully
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| adv. 许多地，丰饶地 | |
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213
pangs
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| 突然的剧痛( pang的名词复数 )； 悲痛 | |
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214
prostrate
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| v.拜倒，平卧，衰竭；adj.拜倒的，平卧的，衰竭的 | |
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215
imploring
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| 恳求的，哀求的 | |
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216
posture
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| n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势 | |
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217
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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218
devouring
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| 吞没( devour的现在分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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219
thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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220
requite
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| v.报酬，报答 | |
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221
congeals
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| v.使凝结，冻结( congeal的第三人称单数 )；（指血）凝结 | |
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222
honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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223
gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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224
rumour
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| n.谣言，谣传，传闻 | |
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225
inflict
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| vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担 | |
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226
quarry
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| n.采石场；v.采石；费力地找 | |
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227
dishonour
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|
| n./vt.拒付（支票、汇票、票据等）；vt.凌辱，使丢脸；n.不名誉，耻辱，不光彩 | |
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228
bastard
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| n.坏蛋，混蛋；私生子 | |
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229
sarcasm
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| n.讥讽，讽刺，嘲弄，反话 （adj.sarcastic） | |
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immature
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| adj.未成熟的，发育未全的，未充分发展的 | |
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231
averse
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| adj.厌恶的；反对的，不乐意的 | |
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232
pusillanimous
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| adj.懦弱的，胆怯的 | |
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233
prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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234
sumptuousness
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| 奢侈，豪华 | |
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235
gilding
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| n.贴金箔，镀金 | |
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236
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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237
nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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238
supplicate
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| v.恳求；adv.祈求地，哀求地，恳求地 | |
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239
inflexible
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| adj.不可改变的，不受影响的，不屈服的 | |
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240
abide
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| vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受 | |
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241
balked
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| v.畏缩不前，犹豫( balk的过去式和过去分词 )；（指马）不肯跑 | |
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242
hurrah
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| int.好哇，万岁，乌拉 | |
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243
aspire
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| vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于 | |
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244
amity
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| n.友好关系 | |
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245
stanzas
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| 节，段( stanza的名词复数 ) | |
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246
satire
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| n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品 | |
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247
crumb
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| n.饼屑，面包屑，小量 | |
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248
persistent
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| adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的 | |
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249
dire
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| adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的 | |
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250
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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251
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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252
misty
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| adj.雾蒙蒙的，有雾的 | |
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253
averred
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| v.断言( aver的过去式和过去分词 )；证实；证明…属实；作为事实提出 | |
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254
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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255
ransomed
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| 付赎金救人，赎金( ransom的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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