DORCHESTER: DALE: NEWSTEAD: EVESHAM
DORCHESTER (Augustine Canons)
635, St Birinus, sent to Britain by Pope Honorius, converts Cynegils, King of the west Saxons; is consecrated1 Bishop2 of Dorchester, and builds many churches in the district—After the Conquest, William the Conqueror3 gives the Bishopric of Dorchester to Remigus, a monk4 of Feschamp in Normandy—1140, Monastery5 founded by Alexander, third Bishop of Lincoln, for Augustine Canons—1205, King John visits the abbey-1300, South choir6 aisle7 added—The monks8 extend the chancel—1330, South aisle of nave9 added and used as the parish church—c. 1400, East end added—15—, Dissolved—East end of the church purchased by a relation of the last abbot for ￡140, to prevent its being pulled down and used for building purposes. Annual revenue, ￡677, 1s. 2d.
THE illustrious pile of Dorchester Church stands on the northern bank of the gently flowing river Frome. From the east end of the building the land slants10 rapidly down to the river side, whilst on either side of the body of the church is pleasant meadow land—the former site, probably, of the conventual buildings. All that remains11 of these is the guest house to the west of the church. The old Saxon cathedral, used now as the parish church of a country town, is an irregular building, and consists of a nave (Norman) with a south aisle—once used by the monks as their parish church, and containing an altar raised upon three deep steps above which is a blocked-up window—choir (Decorated), having a perfect east window{140} with a protruding12 central shaft13, and also a “Jesse” window on the north side; south choir aisle, in which are two chapels14, recently repaired by Sir Gilbert Scott; north choir aisle (part of which is probably Norman work, having a walled-up door to the west—formerly16 the entrance to the cloisters17); a western tower, low and massive in structure and partly Norman work; and lastly, a Perpendicular18 porch on the south-west angle of the building. Undoubtedly19 the east end of the church is the most strikingly beautiful part of the edifice20.
Exquisite21 stained glass, and perfect carving22 of the stone-work in the windows, graceful23 daintiness of the architecture, costly24 embroideries25 and delicate laces on the altars, are among the many beauties of this old abbey church. The “Jesse” window mentioned above is unique. It is of four lights and has intersecting tracery above.
“The centre mullion represents a trunk of a tree with branches ornamented26 with foliage27 crossing over the other mullions to the outside jambs. At the foot of the tree is the recumbent figure of Jesse, and at each intersection28 is a sculptured figure, while others are painted on the glass between; the whole forming a complete genealogical tree of the House of David. The effigy29 of the King is at the bottom right hand corner, but those representing our Lord and the Virgin30 Mary have both disappeared. The figures are very quaint31 and of various sizes; some of those painted in the window still have their names beneath, while most of the others in stone-work have scrolls32 on which the name was once painted.”—Henry W. Taunt33, Esq.
The canopied34 sedilia and double piscina on the south wall of the chancel are both beautiful specimens35 of early work—the stained glass in the former being the oldest in the building. Many interesting monuments remain, including several stone effigies36 of knights37; a judge of great note; and of ?schwine, Bishop of Dorchester, 979-1002. Monumental brasses38{141} too were formerly very plentiful40, but, with a few exceptions, have been either ruthlessly destroyed or stolen for money-making purposes at various times. That of Sir Richard Bewfforest, Abbot of Dorchester (1510), dressed as an Augustine canon, lies near the chancel rails on the north side. He was one of the last abbots of the monastery. There is also part of a once magnificent brass39 to Sir John Drayton, 1417, a portion of another to “William Tanner, Richard Bewfforest and their wife Margaret” (1513), and one of a female figure belonging to “Robert Bedford and Alice his wife” (1491). Only a few shields of other brasses remain, but to the antiquarian the casements41 of these beautiful memorials contain much that is interesting, showing as they do the diverse and unique character these lost monuments once possessed42. Six of the Dorchester bells bear many signs of great antiquity43 and two more have recently been added. The tradition connected with the former is, that
“Within the sound of the great bell
No snake nor adder44 e’er shall dwell,”
and is attributed to the belief that Birinus was “stung to death with snakes.”
DALE (Augustine and Pr?monstratensian Canons)
1160, Founded by Augustine Canons—Dedicated45 to the Virgin Mary—Twice refounded for monks of the Pr?monstratensian order—1539, Dissolved.
As so little is standing46 of this religious establishment, a few words will describe its chief features. The ruins consist only of the arch of the great east window of the chapel15, some foundations, bases of pillars and various other relics47. The chapel, consisting of nave and chancel, is supposed to have been built, together with the house—now a farm-house peculiarly situated49 under the same roof as the chapel—by Ralph, the son{142} of Geremund, for a poor hermit50 whom he found living in a forest cave (the cell can still be seen) close by. Subsequently Serle de Grendon invited canons from Kalke, who came then to Deepdale and established the monastery. Many privileges and immunities51 were granted to them by the church authorities in Rome, and the abbey was visited at different times by persons of all ranks, some of whom became benefactors52 to the house.
Howitt, in his Forest Minstrel, sketches53 the history of Dale and the conduct of its inmates54 thus—
“The devil one night as he chanced to sail
In a wintry wind by the abbey of Dale
Suddenly stopped and looked with surprise
That a structure so fair in that valley should rise.
When last he was there it was lonely and still
And the hermitage scooped56 in the side of a hill
With its wretched old inmate55 his beads57 a-telling
Were all he found of life, dweller58, or dwelling59.
The hermit was seen in the rock no more;
The nettle60 and dock had sprung up at the door;
And each window the fern and the harts’ tongue hung o’er,
Within ’twas dampness and nakedness all;
The Virgin, as fair and holy a block
As ever yet stood in the niche61 of a rock,
Had fallen to the earth, and was broke in the fall.
The holy cell’s ceiling, in idle hour
When haymakers sought it to ’scape from the shower
Was scored by their forks in a thousand scars—
Wheels and crackers62, ovals and stars.
But by the brook63 in the valley below
St Mary of Dale! what a lordly show!
The abbey’s proud arches and windows bright
Glittered and gleamed in the full moonlight.”
But that later corruption64 set in among these Augustine monks is evident, for Howitt continues that the monks
“Forsook missal and mass
To chant o’er a bottle or shrive a lass;{143}
No matins bell called them up in the morn,
But the yell of the hounds and the sound of the horn;
No penance65 the monk in his cell could stay
But a broken leg or a rainy day.”
They were then expelled from Deepdale and Pr?monstratensian monks soon filled their place. John Staunton, last abbot, with 16 monks surrendered the abbey in 1539. A full account of the history of this monastic house was written by one of the monks, and through these manuscripts more particulars can be learned of this abbey than of any other in Derby.
NEWSTEAD (Augustine Canons)
1170, Founded by Henry II.—1540, Dissolved. Annual revenue, ￡167, 16s. 11d.—Demesne granted to Sir John Byron, Lieut. of Sherwood Forest, by Henry VIII.—1818, Sold to Colonel Wildman, who enlarges and restores the abbey.—Again restored.
Just as Buckland Abbey possesses more than an ordinary interest in that it became the home of Sir Francis Drake after the Dissolution, so Newstead Abbey boasts a dual66 attraction. For besides being imbued67 with the romance and legendary68 lore69 inseparable from monastic houses, it came, after the Dissolution of the monasteries70, into the possession of the Byron family, and, passing into the hands of the first Lord Byron (1643), then to the “wicked” Lord Byron (1722-98), it eventually became the home of Lord Byron the poet. Most picturesquely71 placed on the borders of Sherwood Forest, the Newstead Abbey of to-day takes more the form of a private residence than of a monastic ruin. Its undulating and beautifully wooded grounds, containing two sheets of water, extend over many acres. Very little is known of the early history of the abbey beyond the fact that Henry II. built and endowed it in expiation74 of the murder of Thomas à Becket, and that King John extended his patronage{144} to the house. The modern attraction that Newstead possesses dates from its coming into the hands of the Byrons. The first owner, Sir John Byron, known as “Little John with the great beard,” adapted a portion of the monastic buildings to a private residence, and in the reign75 of Charles I. the south aisle of the church was converted into a library and reception room.
With the exception of the exceedingly beautiful west front of Early English workmanship, the rest of the church has been allowed to fall into decay. The house itself, so greatly enriched by the poet Byron, is made up of the various monastic offices. The present grand dining-room was once the refectory of the monks, while the original guest chamber76, with its grand vaulting77, is now converted into the servants’ dining-hall, and the old dormitory into a drawing-room. No alteration78 has been made in Byron’s arrangements of the abbot’s apartments. Several rooms are still named after the English monarchs79 who have at various times slept in them. The chapter-house—a building of remarkable80 beauty to the east of the cloisters—is now used as a chapel for the convenience of the household and tenantry. Within can be seen some richly stained glass and other features of interest. Newstead passed at Byron’s death into the possession of his friend and colleague Colonel Wildman, who greatly restored it. Sir Richard Phillips, in his Personal Tour, relates that—
“Colonel Wildman was a schoolfellow in the same form as Lord Byron at Harrow School. In adolescence81 they were separated at college, and in manhood by their pursuits; but they lived in friendship. If Lord Byron was constrained82 by circumstances to allow Newstead to be sold, the fittest person living to become its proprietor83 was his friend Colonel Wildman. He was not a cold and formal possessor of Newstead, but, animated84 even with the feelings of Byron, he took possession of it as a place consecrated by many circumstances of times and persons, and above all, by the{145} attachment85 of his friend Byron. The high spirited poet, however, ill brooked86 the necessity of selling an estate entailed87 in his family since the Reformation (but lost to him and the family by the improvidence88 of a predecessor), and retiring into Tuscany, there indulged in those splenetic feelings which mark his later writings.”
No more vivid picture of Newstead has been penned than that of Byron’s in the 13th canto89 of Don Juan—
“To Norman Abbey whirl’d the noble pair,
An old, old monastery once, and now
Still older mansion90,—of a rich and rare
Mix’d Gothic, such as artists all allow
Few specimens yet left us can compare
Withal; it lies perhaps a little low,
Because the monks preferred a hill behind,
To shelter their devotion from the wind.
“It stood embosom’d in a happy valley,
Crown’d by high woodlands, where the Druid oak
Stood like Caractacus in act to rally
His host, with broad arms ’gainst the thunder-stroke;
And from beneath his boughs91 were seen to sally
The dappled foresters; as day awoke,
The branching stag swept down with all his herd92
To quaff93 a brook which murmur’d like a bird.
“Before the mansion lay a lucid94 lake,
Broad as transparent95, deep, and freshly fed
By a river, which its soften’d way did take
In currents through the calmer water spread
Around: the wild fowl96 nestled in the brake
And sedges, brooding in their liquid bed;
The woods sloped downwards98 to its brink99, and stood
With their green faces fix’d upon the flood.
“Its outlet100 dash’d into a deep cascade101,
Sparkling with foam102, until again subsiding103
Its shriller echoes—like an infant made
Quiet—sank into softer ripples104, gliding105
Into a rivulet106; and thus allay’d,
Pursued its course, now gleaming, and now hiding{146}
Its windings107 through the woods; now clear, now blue,
According as the skies their shadows threw.
“A glorious remnant of the Gothic pile
(While yet the church was Rome’s) stood half apart
In a grand arch, which once screen’d many an aisle;
These last had disappear’d—a loss to art;
The first yet frown’d superbly o’er the soil,
And kindled108 feelings in the roughest heart,
Which mourn’d the power of time’s or tempest’s march,
In gazing on that venerable arch.
“Within a niche, nigh to its pinnacle109,
Twelve saints had once stood sanctified in stone;
But these had fallen, not when the friars fell,
But in the war which struck Charles from his throne,
When each house was a fortalice—as tell
The annals of full many a line undone—
The gallant110 cavaliers who fought in vain
For those who knew not to resign or reign.
“But in a higher niche, alone, but crown’d,
The Virgin-Mother of the God-born child,
With her son in her blessed arms, look’d round;
Spared by some chance when all beside was spoil’d;
She made the earth below seem holy ground,
This may be superstition111, weak or wild,
But even the faintest relics of a shrine112
Of any worship wake some thoughts divine.
“A mighty113 window, hollow in the centre,
Shorn of its glass of thousand colourings,
Through which the deepen’d glories once could enter,
Streaming from off the sun like seraph’s wings,
Now yawns all desolate114: now loud, now fainter,
The gale115 sweeps through its fretwork, and oft sings
The owl97 his anthem116, where the silenced quire
Lie with their hallelujah quench’d like fire.
“Amidst the court, a Gothic fountain play’d
Symmetrical, but decked with carvings117 quaint—
Strange faces like to men in masquerade,
And here perhaps a monster, there a saint;{147}
The spring rushed through grim mouths of granite118 made,
And sparkled into basins, where it spent
Its little torrent119 in a thousand bubbles,
Like man’s vain glory, and his vainer troubles.
“The mansion’s self was vast and venerable,
With more of the monastic than has been
Elsewhere preserved: the cloisters still were stable,
The cells too, and refectory, I ween:
An exquisite small chapel had been able,
Still unimpair’d to decorate the scene;
The rest had been reform’d, replaced, or sunk,
And spoke120 more of the baron121 than the monk.
“Huge halls, long galleries, spacious122 chambers123, join’d
By no quite lawful124 marriage of the arts,
Might shock a connoisseur125: but when combined,
Form’d a whole, which, irregular in parts,
Yet left a grand impression on the mind,
At least of those whose eyes are in their hearts:
We gaze upon a giant for his stature126,
Not judge at first if all be true to nature.”
EVESHAM (Mitred Benedictine)
692, Founded by Egwin, Bishop of the Hwicci and dedicated to the Virgin—Egwin subsequently first abbot—709, Kenredus, King of Mercia, and Offa, Governor of the East Angles, endows it with many possessions—941, Secular127 canons replace the monks—960, Monks again restored—977, Monks expelled once more, and estate given to Godwin—1014, King Ethelred elects Aifwardus, a former monk of Ramsey, abbot of Evesham—1066-87, Walter of Cérisy appointed abbot by William the Conqueror—He rebuilds the church—1163, The abbot receives the mitre—1265, Battle of Evesham, and interment of Earl Simon de Montfort in the Abbey—1539, Tower completed—Abbey dismantled128 and given to Sir Philip Hoby, who uses the buildings as a quarry129. Annual revenue, ￡1183, 12s. 9d.
In a certain beautiful spot in Worcestershire known as the vale of Evesham, the river Avon, by a curious bend in its course, encloses a piece of meadow land near the borders of Warwick and Gloucestershire. On this peninsula—as it might be called—three most{148} remarkable ancient buildings still stand erect130, as if immune from the ravages131 of time. The tall, graceful bell-tower, with the exception of a ruined archway, is all that can be said to remain of the former abbey. Built at the entrance of the abbey cemetery132 by the Abbot Lichfield, it is of pure Perpendicular work. Though very massive, yet it has the grace peculiar48 to English Gothic towers. It is built in three storeys, all parallel, and the whole square structure is crowned by an embattled parapet and delicate pinnacles133, the height, roughly speaking, being 110 feet by 20 feet square. In the cemetery, close to the tower and forming with it a most striking group, are the churches of St Lawrence and All Saints. These churches were built in the 13th century by the monks for the convenience of the inhabitants of Evesham and with the intention of reserving the abbey church for the exclusive use of the monks. The church of St Lawrence is of more ancient date than that of All Saints. Of the former, only the tower and the greatly mutilated spire134 of the original church remain. Both churches, however, boast some exquisite work by Abbot Clement135 Lichfield, the last abbot, who built a beautiful chapel or chantry in St Lawrence church, desiring that daily masses might be performed there for the repose136 of his soul. The chantry in All Saints he directed to be his burial place. These chantries have particularly beautiful roofs in the shape of four fans richly ornamented. St Lawrence and All Saints have both been restored and are in use at the present time, under the care of the Vicar of Evesham.
In his Spiritual Quixote Graves writes with great delight of the beautiful vale of Evesham bounded by the Malvern Hills. The town lies on a hill on a well-cultivated plain, and its name, derived137 (some say) from Eovesham, conveys the impression of its picturesque72 situation, “the dwelling on the level by the river side.” Another tradition derives138 the name{149} from Eoves, a shepherd who, having seen in a vision a beautiful woman, attended by two other women, hastened to Bishop Egwin and related his marvellous tale. Egwin, accompanied by his servant, proceeded to the spot where he too was permitted to see and to hold converse139 with the radiant being. Fully73 convinced that the Blessed Virgin had personally revealed herself to him, Egwin determined140 to build a monastery on the spot. Ethelred, King of Mercia, granted land for the purpose, and thus the abbey was founded, Egwin becoming first abbot. According to one writer, Ethelred accused Egwin of tyranny and many bitter things. The matter was referred to the Holy Father at Rome, who commanded Egwin to appear before him and answer the charges. “So to Rome he went, but before starting, to show how lowly he accounted himself, he ordered a pair of iron horse-fetters141, and having put his feet into them, caused them to be locked and the key tossed into the Avon. Thus shackled142, he went forward to Dover, took ship and came to the Holy City; when, lo, a miracle! his attendants had gone down to the Tiber to catch fish for supper, and scarcely was the line cast when a fine salmon143 took it and leapt ashore144 without a struggle to escape. They hurried home with their prize, opened him, and found inside the key of the bishop’s fetters. It is needless to say that the Pope after this made short work of the charges against Egwin. He was sent back to King Ethelred loaded with honours, who lost no time in restoring him to his See and appointing him tutor to his sons.”
Eighteen abbots ruled in succession, when, as was the fate of many other abbeys, Evesham became a source of strife145 between the secular canons and the monks. It was alternately under control of these two bodies until finally it became a Benedictine settlement. In the reign of William I., Abbot Walter of Cérisy began to rebuild on a scale of grandeur146 and great magnificence. The church, built in the form of{150} a Latin cross, possessed cylindrical147 piers148 of immense size, similar to those of Gloucester. Everything appertaining to the service of the church was solemn and impressive. The vestments were elaborate and costly, and the sacred vessels149 wrought150 with solid silver—many of them being enriched with various gems151. The tomb of St Egwin was made of gold and studded with sparkling precious stones, while Simon de Montfort’s tomb was credited with miraculous152 powers by many ailing153 and weakly pilgrims. These sacred tombs were demolished154 by the rapacious155 Henry VIII. in 1539, during his wanton desecration156 of one of England’s most noble abbeys—the shelter of kings, and the home of religious and God-fearing men.
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
consecrated
|
|
| adj.神圣的，被视为神圣的v.把…奉为神圣，给…祝圣( consecrate的过去式和过去分词 )；奉献 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
bishop
|
|
| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
conqueror
|
|
| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
monk
|
|
| n.和尚，僧侣，修道士 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
monastery
|
|
| n.修道院，僧院，寺院 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
choir
|
|
| n.唱诗班，唱诗班的席位，合唱团，舞蹈团；v.合唱 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
aisle
|
|
| n.（教堂、教室、戏院等里的）过道，通道 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
monks
|
|
| n.修道士，僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
nave
|
|
| n.教堂的中部；本堂 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
slants
|
|
| （使）倾斜，歪斜( slant的第三人称单数 )； 有倾向性地编写或报道 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
remains
|
|
| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
protruding
|
|
| v.（使某物）伸出，（使某物）突出( protrude的现在分词 )；凸 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
shaft
|
|
| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
chapels
|
|
| n.小教堂， （医院、监狱等的）附属礼拜堂( chapel的名词复数 )；（在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的）礼拜仪式 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
chapel
|
|
| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
formerly
|
|
| adv.从前，以前 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
17
cloisters
|
|
| n.（学院、修道院、教堂等建筑的）走廊( cloister的名词复数 )；回廊；修道院的生活；隐居v.隐退，使与世隔绝( cloister的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
18
perpendicular
|
|
| adj.垂直的，直立的；n.垂直线，垂直的位置 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
19
undoubtedly
|
|
| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
20
edifice
|
|
| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
21
exquisite
|
|
| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
22
carving
|
|
| n.雕刻品，雕花 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
23
graceful
|
|
| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
24
costly
|
|
| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
25
embroideries
|
|
| 刺绣( embroidery的名词复数 )； 刺绣品； 刺绣法 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
26
ornamented
|
|
| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
27
foliage
|
|
| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
28
intersection
|
|
| n.交集，十字路口，交叉点；[计算机] 交集 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
29
effigy
|
|
| n.肖像 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
30
virgin
|
|
| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
31
quaint
|
|
| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
32
scrolls
|
|
| n.（常用于录写正式文件的）纸卷( scroll的名词复数 )；卷轴；涡卷形（装饰）；卷形花纹v.（电脑屏幕上）从上到下移动（资料等），卷页( scroll的第三人称单数 )；（似卷轴般）卷起；（像展开卷轴般地）将文字显示于屏幕 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
33
taunt
|
|
| n.辱骂，嘲弄；v.嘲弄 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
34
canopied
|
|
| adj. 遮有天篷的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
35
specimens
|
|
| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
36
effigies
|
|
| n.（人的）雕像，模拟像，肖像( effigy的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
37
knights
|
|
| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
38
brasses
|
|
| n.黄铜( brass的名词复数 )；铜管乐器；钱；黄铜饰品（尤指马挽具上的黄铜圆片） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
39
brass
|
|
| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
40
plentiful
|
|
| adj.富裕的，丰富的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
41
casements
|
|
| n.窗扉( casement的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
42
possessed
|
|
| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
43
antiquity
|
|
| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
44
adder
|
|
| n.蝰蛇；小毒蛇 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
45
dedicated
|
|
| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
46
standing
|
|
| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
47
relics
|
|
| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
48
peculiar
|
|
| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
49
situated
|
|
| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
50
hermit
|
|
| n.隐士，修道者；隐居 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
51
immunities
|
|
| 免除，豁免( immunity的名词复数 )； 免疫力 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
52
benefactors
|
|
| n.捐助者，施主( benefactor的名词复数 )；恩人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
53
sketches
|
|
| n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
54
inmates
|
|
| n.囚犯( inmate的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
55
inmate
|
|
| n.被收容者；(房屋等的)居住人；住院人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
56
scooped
|
|
| v.抢先报道( scoop的过去式和过去分词 )；（敏捷地）抱起；抢先获得；用铲[勺]等挖（洞等） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
57
beads
|
|
| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
58
dweller
|
|
| n.居住者，住客 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
59
dwelling
|
|
| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
60
nettle
|
|
| n.荨麻；v.烦忧，激恼 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
61
niche
|
|
| n.壁龛；合适的职务(环境、位置等) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
62
crackers
|
|
| adj.精神错乱的，癫狂的n.爆竹( cracker的名词复数 )；薄脆饼干；（认为）十分愉快的事；迷人的姑娘 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
63
brook
|
|
| n.小河，溪；v.忍受，容让 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
64
corruption
|
|
| n.腐败，堕落，贪污 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
65
penance
|
|
| n.（赎罪的）惩罪 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
66
dual
|
|
| adj.双的；二重的，二元的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
67
imbued
|
|
| v.使（某人/某事）充满或激起（感情等）( imbue的过去式和过去分词 )；使充满；灌输；激发（强烈感情或品质等） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
68
legendary
|
|
| adj.传奇（中）的，闻名遐迩的；n.传奇（文学） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
69
lore
|
|
| n.传说；学问，经验，知识 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
70
monasteries
|
|
| 修道院( monastery的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
71
picturesquely
|
|
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
72
picturesque
|
|
| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
73
fully
|
|
| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
74
expiation
|
|
| n.赎罪，补偿 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
75
reign
|
|
| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
76
chamber
|
|
| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
77
vaulting
|
|
| n.（天花板或屋顶的）拱形结构 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
78
alteration
|
|
| n.变更，改变；蚀变 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
79
monarchs
|
|
| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
80
remarkable
|
|
| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
81
adolescence
|
|
| n.青春期，青少年 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
82
constrained
|
|
| adj.束缚的,节制的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
83
proprietor
|
|
| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
84
animated
|
|
| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
85
attachment
|
|
| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
86
brooked
|
|
| 容忍，忍受（brook的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
87
entailed
|
|
| 使…成为必要( entail的过去式和过去分词 )； 需要； 限定继承； 使必需 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
88
improvidence
|
|
| n.目光短浅 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
89
canto
|
|
| n.长篇诗的章 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
90
mansion
|
|
| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
91
boughs
|
|
| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
92
herd
|
|
| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
93
quaff
|
|
| v.一饮而尽；痛饮 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
94
lucid
|
|
| adj.明白易懂的，清晰的，头脑清楚的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
95
transparent
|
|
| adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
96
fowl
|
|
| n.家禽，鸡，禽肉 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
97
owl
|
|
| n.猫头鹰，枭 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
98
downwards
|
|
| adj./adv.向下的（地），下行的（地） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
99
brink
|
|
| n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
100
outlet
|
|
| n.出口/路；销路；批发商店；通风口；发泄 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
101
cascade
|
|
| n.小瀑布，喷流；层叠；vi.成瀑布落下 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
102
foam
|
|
| v./n.泡沫，起泡沫 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
103
subsiding
|
|
| v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的现在分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
104
ripples
|
|
| 逐渐扩散的感觉( ripple的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
105
gliding
|
|
| v. 滑翔 adj. 滑动的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
106
rivulet
|
|
| n.小溪，小河 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
107
windings
|
|
| （道路、河流等）蜿蜒的，弯曲的( winding的名词复数 )； 缠绕( wind的现在分词 )； 卷绕； 转动（把手） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
108
kindled
|
|
| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
109
pinnacle
|
|
| n.尖塔，尖顶，山峰；(喻)顶峰 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
110
gallant
|
|
| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
111
superstition
|
|
| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
112
shrine
|
|
| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
113
mighty
|
|
| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
114
desolate
|
|
| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
115
gale
|
|
| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
116
anthem
|
|
| n.圣歌，赞美诗，颂歌 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
117
carvings
|
|
| n.雕刻( carving的名词复数 )；雕刻术；雕刻品；雕刻物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
118
granite
|
|
| adj.花岗岩，花岗石 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
119
torrent
|
|
| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
120
spoke
|
|
| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
121
baron
|
|
| n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
122
spacious
|
|
| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
123
chambers
|
|
| n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
124
lawful
|
|
| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
125
connoisseur
|
|
| n.鉴赏家，行家，内行 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
126
stature
|
|
| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
127
secular
|
|
| n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
128
dismantled
|
|
| 拆开( dismantle的过去式和过去分词 )； 拆卸； 废除； 取消 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
129
quarry
|
|
| n.采石场；v.采石；费力地找 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
130
erect
|
|
| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
131
ravages
|
|
| 劫掠后的残迹，破坏的结果，毁坏后的残迹 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
132
cemetery
|
|
| n.坟墓，墓地，坟场 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
133
pinnacles
|
|
| 顶峰( pinnacle的名词复数 )； 顶点； 尖顶； 小尖塔 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
134
spire
|
|
| n.(教堂)尖顶，尖塔，高点 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
135
clement
|
|
| adj.仁慈的；温和的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
136
repose
|
|
| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
137
derived
|
|
| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
138
derives
|
|
| v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
139
converse
|
|
| vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
140
determined
|
|
| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
141
fetters
|
|
| n.脚镣( fetter的名词复数 )；束缚v.给…上脚镣，束缚( fetter的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
142
shackled
|
|
| 给（某人）带上手铐或脚镣( shackle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
143
salmon
|
|
| n.鲑，大马哈鱼，橙红色的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
144
ashore
|
|
| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
145
strife
|
|
| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
146
grandeur
|
|
| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
147
cylindrical
|
|
| adj.圆筒形的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
148
piers
|
|
| n.水上平台( pier的名词复数 )；（常设有娱乐场所的）突堤；柱子；墙墩 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
149
vessels
|
|
| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
150
wrought
|
|
| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
151
gems
|
|
| growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
152
miraculous
|
|
| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
153
ailing
|
|
| v.生病 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
154
demolished
|
|
| v.摧毁( demolish的过去式和过去分词 )；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
155
rapacious
|
|
| adj.贪婪的，强夺的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
156
desecration
|
|
| n. 亵渎神圣, 污辱 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
| 欢迎访问英文小说网 |