These new armies which are re-winning the old battle Have given themselves a name; they call themselves the Freie Deutsche Jugend—the Free Youth of Germany. Their ranks are made up of girls as well as boys. In isolated3 instances they are organised, but for the most part they are knights-errant. I asked a young man today how he had been elected to the companionship. He looked troubled, not grasping my meaning. After further explanation he smiled. He had elected himself. That was the way it was done. One felt in his heart that he ought to be free. He talked with some friends. Then he joined the movement.
The Free Youth of Germany range in age from mere4 children to University students. They are against tyranny in every form, against meaningless conventions, against conscription, against war, against inherited hates, against all traditions and institutions which hamper5 and curtail6 their self-expression and capacity for self-development. If you ask them to formulate7 their doctrine8, they grow vague. Each one answers in terms of his or her personal idealism and disillusionment. They want to be happy—that is what it amounts to and they have never been happy. They are determined9 to be happy at all costs. The world of grown people has proved itself cruel. They will have nothing to do with it. They refuse to accept its authority. They will build society afresh. They make these confessions10 with a haughtiness11 which is as ridiculous as it is pathetic. Because you are older, they address you as an enemy. For fear you should laugh, they over-emphasize and grow visionary and grandiloquent12. From time immemorial, they tell you, the youth of all countries has been hectored and abused; they are going to harness the youth of every race in a titanic13 effort to correct the injustice14 of human affairs.
Humanitarians15 at the duckling stage, a cynic might call them, and then add as his verdict, "They'll grow out of that." God forbid that they should; their attempt to break chains is the most hopeful sign in Central Europe. Consider the experience of life they have had. Those of them who are old enough can remember pre-war Germany, with its harsh demands of unquestioning obedience16. The military idea permeated17 everything. Force was the argument that was most respected—force in the home, the school, the university. A child was drilled from the cradle to the grave. As with a private in the army, it was a crime to answer back. His business was not to think, but to obey. Fear of punishment was the spur of all his endeavours. He was gorged18 with knowledge that he might prove efficient. Life was a battle, which called for efficiency rather than kindness. A home was a miniature headquarters mess in which the father was the general and the mother his adjutant.
Then came the assault upon civilisation19, to which all these sacrifices of liberty had been the preface. The children of Germany were still further despoiled20. Their formative years were embittered21 in an atmosphere of harrowing uncertainties22. Every day was irritable23 with dreads24 and gray with unrelieved privations. There was never an hour from which the knowledge of horror was absent. The Armistice25 for a moment seemed to promise freedom, but the peace terms sentenced them to a life-time of servitude. Can you wonder that they refuse to be associated with the unwisdom of their elders? They have seized on the dream of a new generosity26. They believe that in the eyes of all youth there are visions. They will appeal over the heads of adults to the youth of the nations for friendship. "We children were never enemies," they say. "We did not make the war. We were the victims of it. We were not consulted." They insist, with impotent passion, that the fathers' sins shall not be visited upon their generation. "We want to be young," they plead. "We have never been young. We have only been little."
"Poor kiddies!" is one's first comment. But their demands are not to be dismissed so cavalierly. The Free Youth have already commenced a revolution—it is a revolution of ideas—ideas in the main which have not become articulate. But these child enthusiasts27 will be men and women soon. They will have to be heard. No one can foresee to what lengths their yearning28 for freedom may carry them. It should be the business of the Allies to show them sympathy and give them direction.
There are three points in their movement which deserve to be made emphatic29. The first is that they are absolutely correct in their assertion that the children of the Allies were never at war with the children of Germany. The second is that the Free Youth of Germany are fighting for precisely30 the same ideals for which the Allies fought, and are doing their fighting on German soil where it will be most effective. The third is that they are showing a spirit of regeneration which, if it is encouraged, will become the national spirit of tomorrow. For the safety of the world, if for no less selfish reason, their movement deserves the Allies' consideration. A part of their ideal has already found expression in the new German Constitution, which was passed two months after the signing of the Peace Treaty. The clause is number 148 and reads, "Our schools must educate our children not only in a spirit of patriotism31, but also in a spirit of international reconciliation32." As Dr. Simon, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, said when he pointed33 it out to me, "That wasn't so bad as a beginning when only two months had elapsed since our humiliation34 at Versailles."
All the American and British relief work done in Germany is being concentrated on the youth. For the American Relief the Society of Friends are the dispensers. The work starts constructively35 with the unborn. Feeding stations have been established at which under-nourished expectant mothers attend daily. The main reasons for their undernourishment are the scarcity36 of work and, before that, the blockade. One of them told me that her husband had had nothing to do for six months. How did they live? On their unemployment pay. But hadn't her husband been in the war and didn't he receive a pension? Yes. He had been in the war for four years. But he received no pension, for, alas37, he had not been badly wounded.
At the present moment 600,000 children are being fed at American Relief Stations, which the Friends are operating; but there are at least 400,000 more who ought to be included. Whether they are included depends on what funds are forthcoming within the next few months.
The schemes for saving the youth of Germany are exceedingly thorough. Starting with the unborn child, they finish with the student at the University. By far the larger part of the funds for the student feeding are contributed by Great Britain. They are administered by a personnel made up of the British and American Society of Friends.
The thirst for learning since the close of the war has become abnormal. Students attending the universities are one-third in excess of the capacity. They are young men and women drawn38 from every class and welded together by an almost painful enthusiasm for democracy. The sacrifices which they make to gain an education sometimes reach the point of martyrdom. One girl, who is by no means exceptional, attends her lectures by day and scrubs floors as a charwoman by night. If it were not for the one substantial meal in the twenty-four hours which the Friends provide, she would collapse39. It is to such people that the American and British Friends are ministering. They realise that, if there is ever to be peace between the sons and daughters of the nations who fought, the peace must commence in the heart.
Very naturally while middle-aged40 Germany is caviling over reparations and eluding41 engagements, the charitably disposed publics of the Allies are unwilling42 to respond to appeals for help. Their old war hatreds43 have no sooner shown signs of subsiding44 than some new cause is given by Berlin for suspicion and offence. In spite of this, the point which cannot be made too emphatic is that it is middle-aged Germany, the contriver45 of the war, which is creating these offences. Young Germany is no party to them. It is just that a distinction should be made between the new and the old. The new is fighting our battle for us. In the universities it is fighting the professors who insist on teaching reactionary46 doctrines47. The students being young, are sick and tired of the glorification48 of the old, bad past. They insist on starting with today and looking forward. If we desire it, we can have them for our friends.
Not to desire it would be a crime which is unpardonable. We fought a war which we said was to be the last; if through our lack of generous response we fling the youth of Germany back into the arms of the reactionaries49, we are preparing a future war. Quite apart from decency50 and humanity, it is statesmanly and economic to hold out hopes of magnanimity. If we hoard51 foodstuffs52 today and insist on a policy of revenge, we shall be expending53 tomorrow on shells a thousand times the money we have saved. The rejected idealist is the least forgiving antagonist54 and the Free Youth of Germany are a volcano of idealism. They deserve our sympathy. They sincerely want to be our friends. They have rejected their own elders and look to us for guidance. They are young birds who have been wounded. They have never spread their wings. In listening to their talk, all the time one has the picture of fledglings trying to lift themselves from the ground. To destroy a bad world was necessary; but to help build a good one is braver. As far as young Germany is concerned, the hour is ripe for relenting. If we allow it to escape us, it will not be ourselves, but our children who will have to bear the consequences.
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1
trenches
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| 深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕 | |
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autocracy
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| n.独裁政治，独裁政府 | |
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isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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hamper
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| vt.妨碍，束缚，限制；n.(有盖的)大篮子 | |
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curtail
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| vt.截短，缩短；削减 | |
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formulate
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| v.用公式表示；规划；设计；系统地阐述 | |
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doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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confessions
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| n.承认( confession的名词复数 )；自首；声明；（向神父的）忏悔 | |
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haughtiness
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| n.傲慢；傲气 | |
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grandiloquent
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| adj.夸张的 | |
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titanic
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| adj.巨人的，庞大的，强大的 | |
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injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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humanitarians
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| n.慈善家( humanitarian的名词复数 ) | |
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obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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permeated
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| 弥漫( permeate的过去式和过去分词 )； 遍布； 渗入； 渗透 | |
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gorged
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| v.（用食物把自己）塞饱，填饱( gorge的过去式和过去分词 )；作呕 | |
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civilisation
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| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
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despoiled
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| v.掠夺，抢劫( despoil的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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embittered
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| v.使怨恨，激怒( embitter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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uncertainties
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| 无把握( uncertainty的名词复数 )； 不确定； 变化不定； 无把握、不确定的事物 | |
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irritable
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| adj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的 | |
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dreads
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| n.恐惧，畏惧( dread的名词复数 )；令人恐惧的事物v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的第三人称单数 ) | |
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armistice
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| n.休战，停战协定 | |
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generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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enthusiasts
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| n.热心人，热衷者( enthusiast的名词复数 ) | |
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yearning
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| a.渴望的；向往的；怀念的 | |
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emphatic
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| adj.强调的，着重的；无可置疑的，明显的 | |
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precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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patriotism
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| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
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32
reconciliation
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| n.和解，和谐，一致 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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humiliation
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| n.羞辱 | |
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constructively
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| ad.有益的，积极的 | |
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scarcity
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| n.缺乏，不足，萧条 | |
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37
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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collapse
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| vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷 | |
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middle-aged
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| adj.中年的 | |
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41
eluding
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| v.（尤指机敏地）避开( elude的现在分词 )；逃避；躲避；使达不到 | |
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42
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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43
hatreds
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| n.仇恨，憎恶( hatred的名词复数 )；厌恶的事 | |
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44
subsiding
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| v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的现在分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
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45
contriver
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| 发明者，创制者，筹划者 | |
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46
reactionary
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| n.反动者，反动主义者；adj.反动的，反动主义的，反对改革的 | |
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47
doctrines
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| n.教条( doctrine的名词复数 )；教义；学说；（政府政策的）正式声明 | |
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48
glorification
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| n.赞颂 | |
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49
reactionaries
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| n.反动分子，反动派( reactionary的名词复数 ) | |
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50
decency
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| n.体面，得体，合宜，正派，庄重 | |
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51
hoard
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| n./v.窖藏，贮存，囤积 | |
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52
foodstuffs
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| 食物，食品( foodstuff的名词复数 ) | |
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53
expending
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| v.花费( expend的现在分词 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽 | |
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54
antagonist
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| n.敌人，对抗者，对手 | |
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