Bradley's, 191-192;
meanings of the word, 201;
reference, 312.
Activity and Passivity: meaning of, 159-161;
confused with cause and effect, 159-161;
activity of mind, 162-163.
Aesthetics2: a philosophical4 discipline, 242-243.
Agnosticism: 202.
Aikins: 314.
Albert the Great: scope of his labors5, 9.
Analytical6 Judgments7: defined, 178.
Anaxagoras: his doctrine, 4; on the soul, 101.
Anaximander: his doctrine, 3.
Anaximenes: his doctrine, 3; on the soul, 101.
Appearances: doubt of their objectivity, 35;
realities and, 59 ff.;
apparent and real space, 80-87;
apparent and real time, 93-99;
apparent and real extension, 113;
measurement of apparent time, 128;
appearance and reality, Bradley's doctrine, 191-192.
Aristotle: reference to Thales, 3;
scope of his philosophy, 7;
authority in the Middle Ages, 9;
on the soul, 102-103.
Arithmetic: compared with logic8, 225-226.
Atoms: nature of our knowledge of, 22-23; also, 65-67;
doctrine of Democritus, 194-195.
Augustine: on time as past, present, and future, 90 ff.;
on soul and body, 104;
as scientist and as philosopher, 278.
Authority: in philosophy, 291-296.
Automatism: the automaton9 theory, 129-130;
animal automatism, 141-142;
activity of mind and automatism, 162;
references, 308-309.
Automaton: see Automatism.
Bacon, Francis: his conception of philosophy, 10.
Baldwin: on psychology10 and metaphysics, 314.
Berkeley: referred to, 56;
on appearance and reality, 61-63;
his idealism, 168-170;
his theism, 190-191;
references to his works, 310.
Body and Mind: see Mind and Body.
Bosanquet: his logic, 235.
Bradley: his "Absolute," 191-192; reference given, 311.
Breath: mind conceived to be, 101.
Cassiodorus: on soul and body, 103-104.
Cause and Effect; meaning of words, 118-120;
relation of mental and material not causal, 121-126;
see also, 132;
cause and effect, activity and passivity, 159 ff.
Child: its knowledge of the world, 18-19.
Cicero: Pythagoras' use of word "philosopher," 2; on immortality11, 32.
Clifford, W. K.: on infinite divisibility of space, 79-80;
on other minds, 135;
on mind-stuff, 144-146;
his panpsychism, 197-198;
his parallelism, 308-309;
references on mind-stuff, 309.
Common Sense: notions of mind and body, 106 ff.;
Reid's doctrine, 171-174;
common sense ethics12, 236-240.
Common Thought: what it is, 18-20.
Concomitance: see Mind and Body.
Copernican System: 282.
Cornelius: on metaphysics, 249.
Creighton: 314.
Critical Empiricism: the doctrine, 218-219.
Critical Philosophy: outlined, 175-180;
criticised, 211-218;
references, 311.
Croesus: 1.
Democritus: doctrine referred to, 4;
his place in the history of philosophy, 5;
on the soul, 101-102;
his materialism13 examined, 194-195.
Descartes: conception of philosophy, 10;
on mind and body, 105-106; also, 119;
on animal automatism, 141-142;
on the external world, 163-168;
on substance, 198;
his rationalism, 206-209;
the "natural light," 208;
his attempt at a critical philosophy, 214;
his rules of method, 214;
provisional rules of life, 301-302;
reference given, 306;
reference to his automatism, 308;
references to the "Meditations," 312.
Determinism: 155-159; references, 309-310.
Dewey, John: 312-314.
Dogmatism: Kant's use of term, 211-212.
Dualism: what, 193;
varieties of, 202-204;
the present volume dualistic, 204;
Hamilton's, 312.
Eleatics: their doctrine, 4.
Empedocles: his doctrine, 4; a pluralist, 205.
Empiricism: the doctrine, 209-211;
Kant on, 212;
critical empiricism, 218-219.
Energy: conservation of, 151-154.
Epicureans: their view of philosophy, 7-8; their materialism, 102.
Epiphenomenon: the mind as, 162.
Epistemology: its place among the philosophical sciences, 247-249.
Ethics: and the mechanism14 of nature, 159-164;
common sense ethics, 236-240;
Whewell criticised, 238-240;
philosophy and, 240-242;
utility of, 265-267;
references, 315.
Evidence: in philosophy, 296-298.
Existence: of material things, 56-58; also, 165-192.
Experience: suggestions of the word, 58;
Hume's doctrine of what it yields, 170-171;
Descartes and Locke, 178;
Kant's view of, 179;
empiricism, 209-211;
critical empiricism, 218-219.
Experimental Psychology: its scope, 234-235.
Explanation: of relation of mind and body, 125-126.
External World: its existence, 32 ff.;
plain man's knowledge of, 32-36;
psychologist's attitude, 36-38;
the "telephone exchange," 38-44;
what the external world is, 45-58;
its existence discussed, 56-58;
a mechanism, 147-150;
knowledge of, theories, 165-180;
Descartes on, 207-208;
psychologist's attitude discussed, 230-234.
Falckenberg: 311, 316.
Fate: 158; literature on fatalism, 309-310.
Fichte: on philosophic3 method, 10; solipsistic utterances15, 133.
Final Cause: what, 161.
"Form" and "Matter": the distinction between, 82-83;
space as "form," 82-84;
time as "form," 94;
Kant's doctrine of "forms," 179;
the same criticised, 216-217.
Free-will: and the order of nature, 154-159;
determinism and "free-will-ism," 155-159;
literature referred to, 309-310.
God: revealed in the world, 163-164;
Berkeley on argument for, 190-191;
Spinoza on God or substance, 199;
Descartes' argument for, 208;
influence of belief on ethics, 241;
conceptions of, 252-253;
relation to the world, 253-254;
monistic conception of, 312;
references, 314.
Greek Philosophy: Pre-Socratic characterized, 2-5;
conception of philosophy from Sophists to Aristotle, 5-7;
the Stoics16, Epicureans, and Skeptics, 7-8.
Green, T. H.: 218, 315.
Hamilton, Sir W.: on space, 76;
on the external world, 174; also, 182;
reference, 311;
his dualism, 312;
on utility of philosophy, 316.
Hegel: his conception of philosophy, 11;
an objective idealist, 190.
Heraclitus: his doctrine, 4; on the soul, 101.
Herodotus: 1-2.
History of Philosophy: much studied, 273-274;
its importance, 274-281;
how to read it, 281-287;
references, 316.
Hobhouse: on theory of knowledge, 248; reference, 312.
H?ffding: his monism, 200-201; his history of philosophy, 311.
Howison: on pluralism, 205.
Humanism: 312-313.
Hume: his doctrine, 170-171;
use of word "impression," 177;
influence on Kant, 177-178.
Huxley: on other minds, 135, 138; on automatism, 308.
Hypothetical Realism: see Realism.
Idealism: in Berkeley and Hume, 168-171;
general discussion of the varieties of, 187-192;
proper attitude toward, 289-291.
Ideas: distinguished18 from things, 33-36;
in psychology, 36-38;
Berkeley's use of the word, 168-170;
Hume's use of the word, 177.
Imagination: contrasted with sense, 45-49;
extension of imagined things, 113.
Immateriality: of mind, see Plotinus, and Mind.
Impression: Hume's use of word, 177.
Infinity19: infinity and infinite divisibility of space, 73-80;
of time, 88-90; also, 95-97;
mathematics and, 226.
Inside: meaning of word, 55.
Interactionism: see Mind and Body.
Intuitionalists; defined, 240.
Ionian School: 3.
James, W.: on pragmatism, 220-222 and 312-313;
on psychology and metaphysics, 230-231;
on interactionism, reference, 308;
on "free-will," 309-310.
Jevons: his logic, 224; on study of scientific method, 256.
Jodl: 315.
Kant: on space, 75;
his critical philosophy, 175-180;
his philosophy criticised, 211-218;
references to, 307, 311.
Keynes: 314.
Localisation: of sensations, what, 127.
Locke, John: on doubt of external world, 32;
on substance, 108;
on perception of external world, 166-168;
his empiricism, 209-210;
his attempt at a critical philosophy, 215-216;
on innate20 moral principles, 240;
reference to "Essay," 310;
his hypothetical realism, 311;
treatment of substance, references, 312.
Logic; the traditional, 224;
"modern" logic, 224-225;
Jevons and Bosanquet referred to, 224-225;
philosophy and, 225-229;
compared with arithmetic, 225-227;
deeper problems of, 227;
Spencer cited, 228;
utility of, 264-265;
references, 314.
Lucretius: his materialistic21 psychology, 102.
Mach: 14.
Mackenzie: 315.
Malebranche: referred to, 142.
Martineau: 315.
Materialism: primitive22 man's notion of mind, 100-101;
materialism in the Greek philosophy, 101-102;
refutation of, 111-132;
general account of, 194-197.
Mathematics: nature of mathematical knowledge, 23-25;
arithmetic compared with logic, 225-226;
mathematical relations and cause and effect, 257;
mathematical methods, 256-257.
Matter: what is meant by material things, 51-58;
the material world a mechanism, 147-150.
"Matter" and "Form": see "Form" and "Matter."
McCosh: on mind and body, 120.
Mechanism: the material world a, 147-150;
objections to the doctrine, 148-150;
mind and mechanism, 151-154;
mechanism and morals, 159-164;
mechanism and teleology23, reference, 310.
Metaphysician: on the mind, 111 ff.
Metaphysics: psychology and, 230-234;
distinguished from philosophy, 244-245;
uncertainty24 of, 247;
utility of, 269-272;
traditional divisions of, 315.
Method: scientific method, 256-259.
Middle Ages: view of philosophy in, 8-9.
Mill, J. S.: the argument for other minds, 136-138;
on permanent possibilities of sensation, 289;
his logic, 314.
Mind: the child's notion of, 100;
regarded as breath, 101;
suggestions of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew words for mind or
soul, 101;
materialistic views of, in Greek philosophy, 101-102;
Plato and Aristotle on nature of, 102-103;
doctrine of Plotinus, 103;
of Cassiodorus, 103;
of Augustine, 104;
of Descartes, 105-106;
modern common sense notions of mind, 106-110;
mind as substance, Locke quoted, 108-109;
psychologist's notion of, 110-111;
what the mind is, 111-114;
place of mind in nature, 151-154;
minds active, 162-163;
see also, Mind and Body, and Other Minds.
Mind and Body: is the mind in the body, 115-117;
plain man's notion of, 116;
interactionism, 117-121;
doctrine of Descartes and his successors, 119-120;
plain man as interactionist, 120;
McCosh quoted, 120-121;
objection to interactionism, 121;
parallelism, 121-126;
its foundation in experience, 123-124;
meaning of word "concomitance," 123-125;
time and place of mental phenomena25, 126-129;
objections to parallelism, 129-132;
Clifford's parallelism criticised, 130;
mental phenomena and causality, 129;
double sense of word "concomitance," 131-132;
mind and the mechanism of the world, 151-154;
mechanism and morals, 159-164;
"concomitant phenomena" and attainment26 of ends, 162;
references given on other minds and mind-stuff, 309;
see also, Other Minds.
Mind-stuff: see Other Minds.
Minima Sensibilia: 87.
Modern Philosophy: conception of philosophy in, 9-12.
Monism: what, 193-194;
varieties of, 194-202;
narrower sense of word, 198-202.
Moral Distinctions: their foundation, 159-164.
Muirhead: 315.
Na?ve Realism: 181.
"Natural Light": term used by Descartes, 208.
Natural Realism: see Realism.
Nature: place of mind in, 151-154;
order of nature and "free-will," 154-159.
Neo-Platonism: referred to, 8; on the soul as immaterial, 103.
Nihilism: word used by Hamilton, 186.
Noumena: see Phenomena.
Objective Idealism: 189-190; reference to Royce, 311.
Objective Order: contrasted with the subjective27, 55.
Ontology: what, 315.
Orders of Experience: the subjective and the objective, 55;
see also, 114.
Other Minds: their existence, 133-136;
Fichte referred to, 133;
Richter quoted, 133;
Huxley and Clifford on proof of, 135;
the argument for, 136-140;
Mill quoted, 136-138;
Huxley criticised, 138-140;
what minds are there? 140-144;
Descartes quoted, 141-142;
Malebranche, 142;
the limits of psychic28 life, 142-144;
mind-stuff, 144-146;
proper attitude toward solipsism, 291.
Outside: meaning of word, 55.
Panpsychism: the doctrine, 198; references given, 311.
Pantheism: 202.
Parallelism: see Mind and Body.
Paulsen: on nature of philosophy, 305.
Pearson: the "telephone exchange," 38 ff.;
on scientific principles and method, 258-259;
reference given, 306.
Peirce, C. S.: on pragmatism, 219-220.
Perception: see Representative Perception.
Phenomena and Noumena: Kant's distinction between, 176-180.
Philosophical Sciences: enumerated29, 13;
why grouped together, 13-17;
examined in detail, 223-259.
Philosophy: meaning of word, and history of its use, 1 ff.;
what the word now covers, 12-17;
problems of, 32-164;
historical background of modern philosophy, 165-180;
types of, 181-222;
logic and, 225-229;
psychology and, 230-234;
ethics and, 240-242;
aesthetics and, 242-243;
metaphysics distinguished from, 244-245;
religion and, 250-254;
the non-philosophical sciences and, 255-259;
utility of, 263-272;
history of, 273-287;
verification in, 276-277;
as poetry and as science, 281-283;
how systems arise, 283-287;
practical admonitions, 288-303;
authority in, 291-296;
ordinary rules of evidence in, 296-298.
Physiological30 Psychology: what it is, 234.
Pineal Gland31; as seat of the soul, 105.
Place: of mental phenomena, see Space.
Plain Man: his knowledge of the world, 19-20; also, 32-36;
his knowledge of space, 73;
on mind and body, 106-110;
his interactionism, 120.
Plants: psychic life in, 143.
Plato: use of word "philosopher," 2;
scope of his philosophy, 6-7;
on the soul, 102-103.
Plotinus: the soul as immaterial, 103.
Pluralism and Singularism: described, 204-205.
Poetry and Philosophy: 281-283.
Poincaré: referred to, 258.
Pragmatism: the doctrine, 219-222;
see also, 296-298, 300-303, and 312-314;
will to believe, references, 310, 312.
Present: meaning of "the present," 97-99.
Psychology: psychological knowledge characterized, 25-28;
attitude of psychologist toward external world, 36-38;
toward mind, 110-111;
philosophy and, 230-234;
double affiliation32 of, 234-235;
utility of, 268-269;
metaphysics and, 313;
"rational," 315.
Ptolemaic System; 282.
Pythagoras: the word "philosopher," 2.
Pythagoreans: their doctrine, 4.
Qualities of Things: contrasted with sensations, 51-56.
Rational Cosmology: 315.
Rationalism: the doctrine, 206-209.
Rational Psychology: 315.
Real: see Reality.
Realism: hypothetical realism, 168;
"natural" realism, 174;
general discussion of realism and its varieties, 181-187;
ambiguity33 of the word, 186-187.
Reality: contrasted with appearance, 35;
in psychology, 36-38;
the "telephone exchange" and, 38 ff.;
things and their appearances, 59-61;
real things, 61-63;
ultimate real things, 63-68;
the "Unknowable" as Reality, 68-72;
real space, 80-87;
real time, 93-99;
substance as reality, 111;
real and apparent extension, 113-114;
measurement of apparent time, 128;
Bradley's doctrine of reality, 191-192;
Clifford's panpsychism and reality, 197-198.
Reflective Thought: its nature, 28-31.
Reid, Thomas: doctrine of "common sense," 171-174;
references, 310.
Religion: philosophy and, 250-254;
conceptions of God, 252-253;
God and the world, 253-254; see God.
Representative Perception: plain man's position, 32-36;
the psychologist, 36-38;
"telephone exchange" doctrine, 38-44;
the true distinction between sensations and things, 45-58;
the doctrine of, 165-168;
Descartes and Locke quoted, 165-168.
Richter, Jean Paul: on the solipsist, 133.
Royce: an objective idealist, 311; a monist, 312.
Schelling: attitude toward natural philosophy, 10.
Schiller: on "Humanism," 312-313.
"Schools": in philosophy, 291-296.
Science: philosophy and the special sciences, 12-17;
the philosophical sciences, 13 ff.;
nature of scientific knowledge, 21-28;
compared with reflective thought, 29-31;
science and the world as mechanism, 148;
the conservation of energy, 151-154;
philosophical sciences examined in detail, 223-259;
science and metaphysical analysis, 246-247;
the non-philosophical sciences and philosophy, 255-259;
study of scientific principles, 256-259;
verification in science and in philosophy, 275-277;
philosophy as science, 281-283.
Scientific Knowledge: see Science.
Sensations: knowledge of things through, 33-44;
sense and imagination contrasted, 45-49;
are "things" groups of, 49-51;
distinction between things and, 51-56;
use of the word in this volume and in the
"System of Metaphysics," 306-307.
Sidgwick: on Kant, 311.
Sigwart: 314.
Singularism and Pluralism: described, 204-205.
Skeptics: their view of philosophy, 7-8;
their doubt of reality, 59;
Hume's skepticism, 171.
Socrates: use of words "philosopher" and "philosophy," 2;
attitude toward sophism34, 6.
Solipsism: see Other Minds.
Solon: 1.
Sophists: characterized, 6.
Soul: see Mind.
Space: plain man's knowledge of, 73;
said to be necessary, infinite and infinitely35 divisible, 73-74;
discussion of it as necessary and as infinite, 74-77;
Kant, Hamilton, and Spencer quoted, 75-77;
as infinitely divisible, the moving point, 77-80;
Clifford quoted, 79-80;
real space and apparent, 80-87;
"matter" and "form," 82-84;
extension of imaginary things, 113;
place of mental phenomena, 115-117, also, 126-129.
Spencer, Herbert: his definition of philosophy, 11;
his work criticised, 11-12;
on the "Unknowable" as ultimate Reality, 69-70;
Spencer as "natural" realist, 174;
influenced by Kant's doctrine, 176;
his inconsistent doctrine of the external world, 183-184;
defective36 logic, 228;
influence of agnosticism, 271;
references given, 307, 311.
Spinoza: his a priori method, 10;
on God or substance, 199;
his rationalism, 208;
his parallelism, 308;
references, 311-312.
Spiritualism: the doctrine, 197-198.
Stoics: their view of philosophy, 7-8; their materialism, 102.
Strong: on other minds, 209; references to, 309, 311.
Subjective Idealism: 187-188.
Subjective Order: contrasted with objective, 55.
Substance: meaning of word, 108;
Locke on, 108;
mind as substance, 111-112;
doctrine of the One Substance, 198-202.
Synthetic37 Judgments: defined, 179.
Systems of Philosophy: their relations to each other, 283-287.
Taylor: on other minds, 309.
Teleology: what, 163; reference, 310.
"Telephone Exchange": doctrine of the external world
as "messages," 38-44.
Thales: his doctrine, 3.
Theism: see God.
Theory of Knowledge: see Epistemology.
Things: our knowledge of, 18-23;
contrast of ideas and, 33-36;
same contrast in psychology, 36-38;
sensations and things, 45 ff.;
existence of, 56-58;
contrasted with appearances, 59 ff.;
real things, 61 ff.;
the space of real things, 80-87.
Thomas Aquinas: scope of his labors, 9.
Time: as necessary, infinite, and infinitely divisible, 88-90;
problem of knowing past, present, and future, 90-93;
Augustine quoted, 90-91;
timeless self criticised, 92-93;
real time and apparent, 93-99;
real time as necessary, infinite, and infinitely divisible, 95-97;
consciousness of time, 97-99;
mental phenomena and time, 126-129.
Timeless Self: 92-93.
Touch: the real world revealed in experiences of, 61-63.
Truth: pragmatism and, 219-222 and 312-314;
Whewell on veracity38, 238-239;
criterion of truth in philosophy, 296-298;
also, 300-303.
Ueberweg: 305, 311.
Ultimate Reality: see Reality.
"Unknowable": as Reality, 68-72; see Spencer.
Utility: of liberal studies, 260-263; of philosophy, 363-272.
Verification: in science and in philosophy, 275-277.
Ward17, James: on concepts of mechanics, 148.
"Weltweisheit": philosophy as, 12.
Whewell: his common sense ethics, 236-240; referred to, 315.
Will: see Free-will.
Will to Believe: see Pragmatism.
Windelband: 305.
Wolff, Christian39: definition of philosophy, 10.
World: see External World.
Wundt: ethics referred to, 315.
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1
doctrine
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n.教义;主义;学说 | |
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2
aesthetics
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n.(尤指艺术方面之)美学,审美学 | |
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3
philosophic
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adj.哲学的,贤明的 | |
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4
philosophical
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adj.哲学家的,哲学上的,达观的 | |
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5
labors
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v.努力争取(for)( labor的第三人称单数 );苦干;详细分析;(指引擎)缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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analytical
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adj.分析的;用分析法的 | |
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judgments
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判断( judgment的名词复数 ); 鉴定; 评价; 审判 | |
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8
logic
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n.逻辑(学);逻辑性 | |
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automaton
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n.自动机器,机器人 | |
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psychology
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n.心理,心理学,心理状态 | |
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immortality
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n.不死,不朽 | |
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12
ethics
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n.伦理学;伦理观,道德标准 | |
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13
materialism
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n.[哲]唯物主义,唯物论;物质至上 | |
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mechanism
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n.机械装置;机构,结构 | |
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15
utterances
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n.发声( utterance的名词复数 );说话方式;语调;言论 | |
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stoics
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禁欲主义者,恬淡寡欲的人,不以苦乐为意的人( stoic的名词复数 ) | |
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17
ward
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n.守卫,监护,病房,行政区,由监护人或法院保护的人(尤指儿童);vt.守护,躲开 | |
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distinguished
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adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的 | |
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19
infinity
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n.无限,无穷,大量 | |
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innate
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adj.天生的,固有的,天赋的 | |
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materialistic
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a.唯物主义的,物质享乐主义的 | |
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primitive
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adj.原始的;简单的;n.原(始)人,原始事物 | |
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23
teleology
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n.目的论 | |
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uncertainty
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n.易变,靠不住,不确知,不确定的事物 | |
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phenomena
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n.现象 | |
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attainment
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n.达到,到达;[常pl.]成就,造诣 | |
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subjective
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a.主观(上)的,个人的 | |
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psychic
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n.对超自然力敏感的人;adj.有超自然力的 | |
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enumerated
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v.列举,枚举,数( enumerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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physiological
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adj.生理学的,生理学上的 | |
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gland
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n.腺体,(机)密封压盖,填料盖 | |
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affiliation
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n.联系,联合 | |
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ambiguity
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n.模棱两可;意义不明确 | |
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sophism
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n.诡辩 | |
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infinitely
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adv.无限地,无穷地 | |
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defective
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adj.有毛病的,有问题的,有瑕疵的 | |
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synthetic
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adj.合成的,人工的;综合的;n.人工制品 | |
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veracity
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n.诚实 | |
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Christian
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adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒 | |
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