No, I will not begin about the weather this time. It is a great temptation to do so, because this is the commencement of the winter, and it is upon the strength of the coming four months that the reputation of Natal1, as possessing the finest climate in the world, is built. Before I came here meteorologists used to tell me that the “average” temperature of Maritzburg was so and so, mentioning something very equable and pleasant; but then, you see, there is this little difference between weather-theories and the practice of the weather itself: it is sadly apt to rush into extremes, and degrees of heat and cold are very different when totted up and neatly2 spread over many weeks, from the same thing bolted in lumps. Then you don’t catch cold on paper, nor live in doubt whether to have a fire or open windows and doors. To keep at all on a level with the thermometer here, one needs to dress three or four times a day; and it is quite on the cards that a muslin gown and sealskin jacket may both be pleasant wear on the same day. We have all got colds, and, what is worse, we have all had colds more or less badly for some time past; and I hear that everybody else has them too. Of course, this news is an immense consolation4, else why should it invariably be mentioned as a compensation for one’s own paroxysms of sneezing and coughing?
It is certainly cooler, at times quite cold, but the sudden spasms5 of fierce hot winds and the blazing sun during the midday hours appear the more withering6 and scorching7 for the contrast with the lower temperature of morning and evening. Still, we all keep saying (I yet protest against the formula, but I’ve no doubt I shall come round presently and join heart and soul in it), “Natal has the finest climate in the world,” although we have to go about like the man in the fable8, and either wrap our cloaks tightly around us or throw them wide open to breathe. But there! I said I would not go off into a meteorological report, and I will not be beguiled9 by the attractions of a grievance10—for there is no such satisfactory grievance as weather—into breaking so good a resolution. Rather let me graft11 upon this monotonous12 weather-grumble a laugh at the expense of poor Zulu Jack3, whom I found the other morning in a state of nervous anxiety over the butter, which steadily13 refused to be spread on a slice of bread for little G—— ’s consumption. “Have you such a thing as a charm about you, lady-chief?” Jack demanded in fluent Zulu; “for this butter is assuredly bewitched. Last night I could make slices of buttered bread quite easily: this morning, behold14 it!” and he exhibited his ill-used slice of bread, with obstinate15 and isolated16 dabs17 of butter sticking about it. So, you see, it must be cooler; and so it is, I acknowledge, except of a morning on which a hot wind sets in before sunrise.
To show you how perfectly18 impartial19 and unprejudiced even a woman can be, I am going to admit that the day last week on which I took a long ride to Edendale—a mission-station some half dozen miles away—was as absolutely delightful20 as a day could well be. It was a gray, shady day, very rare beneath these sunny skies, for clouds generally mean rain or fog, but this day they meant nothing worse than the tiniest sprinkle at sundown—just a few big drops flirted21 in our faces from the ragged22 edge of a swiftly-sailing thundercloud. There was no wind to stir up the dust, and yet air enough to be quite delicious: now and then the sun came out from behind the friendly clouds, creating exquisite23 effects of light and shadow among the hills through which our road wound. Across many a little tributary24 of the Umsindusi, by many a still green valley and round many a rocky hill-shoulder, our road lay—a road which for me was most pleasantly beguiled by stories of Natal as it was five-and-twenty years ago, when lions came down to drink at these streams, when these very plains were thickly studded with buck25 and eland, buffalo26 and big game whose names would be a treasure of puzzledom to a spelling bee. In those days no man’s hand ever left for an instant the lock of his trusty gun, sleeping or waking, standing27 or sitting, eating or riding.
The great want of ever so fair a landscape in these parts is timber. Here and there a deeper shadow in the distant hill-clefts may mean a patch of scrub, but when once you pass the belt of farms which girdle Maritzburg for some four or five miles in every direction, and leave behind their plantations29 of gums and poplars, oaks and willows30, then there is nothing more to be seen but rolling hill-slopes bare of bush or shrub31, until the eye is caught by the trees around the settlement we are on our way to visit. It stands quite far back among the hills—too much under their lee, in fact, to be quite healthy, I should fancy, for a layer of chilly32, vaporous air always lurks33 at the bottom of these folded-away valleys, and breeds colds and fever and ague. Still, it is all inexpressibly homelike and fertile as it lies there nestling up against the high, rising ground, with patches of mealies spread in a green fan around and following the course of the winding34 river in tall green rustling35 brakes like sugar-cane. The road, a fairly good one for Natal, was strangely still and silent, and bereft36 of sight or sound of animal life. At one of the spruits a couple of timber-wagons37 were outspanned, and the jaded38, tick-covered bullocks gave but little animation39 to the scene. Farther on, whilst we cantered easily along over a wide plain still rich in grass, a beautiful little falcon40 swept across our path. Slow and low was its flight, quite as though it neither feared nor cared for us, and I had ample time to admire its exquisite plumage and its large keen eye. By and by we came upon the usual “groups from the antique” in bronze and ebony working at the road, and, as usual, doing rather more harm than good. But when we had crossed the last streamlet and turned into a sort of avenue which led to the main street of the settlement, then there was life and movement enough and to spare. Forth41 upon the calm air rang the merry voices of children, of women carrying on laughing dialogues across the street, and of men’s deeper-toned but quite as fluent jabber42. And here are the speakers themselves as we leave the shade of the trees and come out upon the wide street rising up before us toward the mountain-slope which ends its vista43.
Sitting at the doors of their houses are tidy, comfortable-looking men and women, the former busy plaiting with deft44 and rapid movement of their little fingers neat baskets and mats of reeds and rushes—the latter either cooking mealies, shelling them or crushing them for the market. Everywhere are mealies and children. Fat black babies squat45 happily in the dust, munching46 the boiled husk before it is shelled; older children are equally happy cleaning with finger and tongue a big wooden spoon just out of the porridge-pot; whilst this same familiar pot, of every conceivable size, but always of the same three-legged shape, something like a gypsy-kettle, lurks more or less en évidence in the neighborhood of every house. No grass-thatched huts are here, but thoroughly47 nice, respectable little houses, nearly all of the same simple pattern, with vermilion or yellow-ochre doors, and half covered with creepers. Whoever despairs of civilizing48 the Kafir need only look here and at other similar stations to see how easily he adapts himself to comfortable ways and customs, and in what a decent, orderly fashion he can be trained to live with his fellows.
Edendale is a Wesleyan mission-station, and the history of its settlement is rather a curious one—curious from its being the result of no costly49 organization, no elaborate system of proselytism, but the work of one man originally, and the evident result and effect of a perception on the part of the natives of the benefits of association and civilization. And here I feel it incumbent51 on me to bear testimony—not only in this instance and in this colony—to the enormous amount of real, tangible53, common-sense good accomplished54 among the black races all over the world by both Wesleyan Methodist and Baptist missions and missionaries55. I am a staunch Churchwoman myself, and yield to no one in pure love and reverence56 for my own form of worship; but I do not see why that should hinder me from acknowledging facts which I have noticed all my life. Long ago in Jamaica, how often in our girlish rambles59 and rides have my sister and I come suddenly upon a little clearing in the midst of the deep silence and green gloom of a tropical forest! In the centre of the clearing would be a rude thatched barn, with felled trees for seats, and neither door nor window. “What is that?” we would ask of the negro lad who always rode on a mule60 behind us to open gates or tell us the right road home again after an excursion in search of rare orchids61 or parrots’ nests. “Dat Baptist chapel62, missis. Wesleyan, him hab chapel too ober dere. Sunday good man come preach—tell us poor niggers all good tings. Oder days same good gempleman teach pickaninnies.” That was the answer, and in those few words would lie the history of much patient, humble63 planting of good seed, unnoticed by the more pompous64 world around. The minister works perhaps during the week at some means of support, but devotes even his scant65 leisure moments to teaching the little black children. I am so ignorant of the details on which dissenters66 differ from us that I dare not go into the subject, but I only know it was the same thing in India. Up in the Himalayas I have come across just the same story scores of times. Whilst our more costly and elaborate system of organization is compelled to wait for grants and certified67 teachers, and desks and benches, and Heaven knows what, the Methodist or Baptist missionary68 fells a few trees, uses them as walls and seats, thatches69 the roof of his shelter, and begins then and there to teach the people around him something of the sweet charities and decencies of a Christian70 life.
Doubtless, Edendale had once upon a time as humble a beginning, but when I saw it that soft autumn day it was difficult to recall such a chrysalis stage of its existence. On our right hand rose a neat brick chapel, substantial and handsome enough in its way, with proper seats and good woodwork within. This plain structure, however, cost something over a thousand pounds, nearly every penny of which has been contributed by Kafirs, who twenty-five years ago had probably never seen a brick or a bench, and were in every respect as utter savages71 as you could find anywhere. Nor is this the only place of worship or instruction on the estate, although it is the largest and most expensive, for within the limits of the settlement, or “location,” as it is called—only embracing, remember, some thirty-five hundred acres under cultivation73—there is another chapel, a third a few miles farther off at a sort of out-station, and no less than four day-schools with two hundred scholars, and three Sunday-schools at which two hundred and eighty children assemble weekly. All the necessary buildings for these purposes have been created entirely74 by and at the expense of the natives, who only number eight hundred residents in the village itself. On Sundays, however, I heard with much pleasure that more than a hundred natives from neighboring kraals attend the services at the chapels75, attracted no doubt in the first instance by the singing. But still, one cannot have a better beginning, and the Kafir is quite shrewd enough to contrast his squalid hut, his scanty76 covering and monotonous food with the well-clad, well-housed, well-fed members of the little community of whom he catches this weekly glimpse, and every one of whom, save their pastor77, is as black as himself.
But I promised to tell you briefly78 how the little settlement first originated. Its founder79 and organizer was the Rev57. James Allison, a Wesleyan missionary who labored80 long and successfully among the Basuto and Amaswazi tribes in the interior, far away. Circumstances, external as well as private, into which I need not enter, led to his purchasing from Pretorius, the old Dutch president of Natal, this “location” or estate of some sixty-five hundred acres in extent, and settling himself upon it. He was followed by a great many of his original flock, who were warmly and personally attached to him, and had faithfully shared his fortunes in the past. In this way the nucleus81 of a settlement lay ready to his hand, and he seems to have been a man of great business talents and practical turn of mind, as well as a spiritual teacher of no mean ability. The little village I saw the other day was quickly laid out, and the small freehold lots—or “craen,” as they are called still by their old Dutch name—were readily bought by the native settlers. This was only in 1851, and probably the actual tillage of the soil was not commenced for a year or two later. As we walked through the fertile fields with their rich and abundant crops standing ready for the sickle82, and looked down into the sheltered nooks where luxuriant gardens full of vegetables flourished, it was difficult to believe that ever since the first blade of grass or corn was put in till now those fields had never known any artificial dressing83 or manuring of any sort. For more than twenty years the soil had yielded abundantly without an hour’s rest, or any further cultivation than a very light plough could give. The advantages of irrigation, so shamefully84 overlooked elsewhere, were here abundantly recognized, and every few yards brought one to a diminutive85 channel, made by a hoe in a few minutes, bearing from the hill above a bright trickle86 down to the gardens and houses. I confess I often thought during that pleasant ramble58 of the old saying about God helping87 those who help themselves, for all the comfort and well-to-do-ness which met my eyes every moment was entirely from within. The people had done everything with their own hands, and during the past year had, besides, contributed over two hundred pounds to their minister’s support. There have been three or four pastoral successors to Mr. Allison, who left the settlement about a dozen years ago, and the minister, who offered me, a complete stranger, a most cordial and kindly88 welcome, showing me everything which could interest me, and readily falling in with my desire to understand it all, was the Rev. Daniel Eva, who has only been in charge of this mission for eighteen months. I was much struck by his report of the cleverness of the native children; only it made one regret still more that they had not better and greater opportunities all over the colony of being taught and trained. In the girls’ school I saw a bright-eyed little Kafir maiden89, neatly dressed and with the most charming graceful90 carriage and manner, who was only twelve years old, and the most wonderful arithmetician. She had passed her teacher long ago, and was getting through her “fractions” with the ease and rapidity of Babbage’s calculating-machine. Nothing short of Euclid was at all likely to satisfy her appetite for figures. She and her slate91 were inseparable, and she liked nothing better than helping the other children with their sums. But, indeed, they were all very forward with their learning, and did their native teachers great credit. What I longed for, more than anything else, was to see a regular training-school established in this and similar stations where these clever little monkeys could be trained as future domestic servants for us whites, and as good, knowledgeable92 wives for their own people. There was for some years an industrial school here, and I was dreadfully sorry to hear it had been given up, but not before it had turned out some very creditable artisans among the boys, all of whom are doing well at their respective trades and earning their five or six shillings a day as skilled workmen. This school used to receive a yearly grant from the local government of one hundred pounds, but when, from private reasons, it was given up, the grant was of course withdrawn93. The existing schools only get a government grant of fifty pounds a year; and, small as the sum seems, it is yet difficult to expect more from a heavily-taxed white population who are at this moment busy in preparing a better and more costly scheme of education than they possess at present for their own children. Still, I confess my heart was much drawn94 to this cheerful, struggling little community; and not only to it, but to its numerous offshoots scattered95 here and there far away. The Edendale people already look forward to the days when they shall have outgrown96 their present limits, and have purchased two very large farms a hundred miles farther in the interior, to which several of the original settlers of the parent mission have migrated, and so formed a fresh example of thrift97 and industry and a fresh nucleus of civilization in another wild part.
There were a hundred houses in the village (it is called George Town, after Sir George Grey), and into some of these houses I went by special and eager invitation of the owners. You have no idea how clean and comfortable they were, nor what a good notion of decoration civilized98 Kafirs have. In fact, there was rather too much decoration, as you will admit if I describe one dwelling99 to you. This particular house stood on high ground, just where the mountain slopes abruptly100, so it had a little terrace in front to make the ground level. Below the terrace was a kind of yard, in which quantities of fowls101 scratched and clucked, and beyond that, again, an acre of garden-ground, every part of which was planted with potatoes, pumpkins102, green peas and other things. A couple of somewhat steep and rough steps helped us to mount up on the terrace, and then we were ushered—with such a natural pride and delight in a white lady visitor—into a little flagged passage. On one side was the kitchen and living-room, a fair-sized place enough, with substantial tables and chairs, and a large open hearth103, on which a wood-fire was cooking the savory104 contents of a big pot. As for the walls, they were simply the gayest I ever beheld105. Originally whitewashed106, they had been absolutely covered with brilliant designs in vermilion, cobalt and yellow ochre, most correctly and symmetrically drawn in geometrical figures. A many-colored star within a circle was a favorite pattern. The effect was as dazzling as though a kaleidoscope had been suddenly flung against a wall and its gay shapes fixed107 on it. But, grand as was this apartment, it faded into insignificance108 compared to the drawing-room and the “English bedroom,” both of which were exhibited to me with much complacency by the smiling owner. Now, these rooms had originally been one, and were only divided by a slender partition-wall. When the door of the drawing-room was thrown open, I must say I almost jumped back in alarm at the size of the roses and lilies which seemed about to assault me. I never before saw such a wall-paper—never. It would have been a large pattern for, say, St. James’s Hall, and there it was, flaunting109 on walls about seven feet by eight. A brilliant crimson110 flock formed the ground, and these alarming flowers, far larger than life, bloomed and nodded all over it. The chairs and sofa were gay with an equally remarkable111 chintz, and brilliant mats of beads112 and wool adorned113 the tables. China ornaments114 and pictures were in profusion115, though it took time to get accustomed to those roses and lilies, so as to be able to perceive anything else. In one part of the tiny room some bricks had been taken out of the wall and a recess116 formed, fitted up with shelves on which stood more vases and statuettes, the whole being framed and draped with pink calico cut in large vandykes. I must say, my black hostess and her numerous female friends, who came flocking to see me, stood out well against this magnificent background. We all sat for some time exchanging compliments and personal remarks through the medium of an interpreter. But one smiling sable117 understood English, and it was she who proposed that the “lady-chief” should now be shown the bedroom, which was English fashion. We all flocked into it, gentlemen and all, for it was too amusing to be left out. Sure enough, there was a gay iron bedstead, a chest of drawers, and, crowning glory of all, a real dressing-table, complete with pink and white petticoat and toilette-glass. The glass might have been six inches square—I don’t think it was more—but there was a great deal of wooden frame to it, and it stood among half a dozen breakfast cups and saucers which were symmetrically arranged, upside down, on the toilette-table.
“What are these for?” I asked innocently.
“Dat English fashion, missis: all white ladies hab cup-saucers on deir tables like dat.”
It would have been the worst possible taste to throw any doubt on this assertion, which we all accepted with perfect gravity and good faith, and so returned to the drawing-room, much impressed, apparently118, by the grandeur119 of the bedroom.
Of course, the babies came swarming120 round, and very fat and jolly they all looked in their nice cotton frocks or shirt-blouses. I did not see a single ragged or squalid or poverty-stricken person in the whole settlement, except one poor mad boy, who followed us about, darting121 behind some shelter whenever he fancied himself observed. Poor fellow! he was quite harmless—a lucky circumstance, for he was of enormous stature122 and strength. Over his pleasant countenance123 came a puzzled, vacant look every now and then, but nothing repulsive124, though his shaggy locks hung about his face like a water-spaniel’s ears, and he was only wrapped in a coarse blanket. I was sorry to notice a good deal of ophthalmia among the children, and heard that it was often prevalent here.
In another house, not quite so gay, I was specially125 invited to look at the contents of the good wife’s wardrobe, hung out to air in the garden. She was hugely delighted at my declaring that I should like to borrow some of her smart gowns, especially when I assured her, with perfect truth, that I did not possess anything half so fine. Sundry126 silk dresses of hues127 like the rainbow waved from the pomegranate bushes, and there were mantles128 and jackets enough to have started a second-hand129 clothes’ shop on the spot. This young woman—who was quite pretty, by the way—was the second wife of a rich elderly man, and I wondered what her slight, petite figure would look like when buried in those large and heavy garments. It chanced to be Saturday, and there was quite as much cleaning and general furbishing up of everything going on inside and outside the little houses as in an English country village, and far less shrewishness over the process.
I wanted to have one more look at the principal school-room, whose scholars were just breaking up for a long play; so we returned, but only in time for the outburst of liberated130 children, whooping131 and singing and noisily joyful132 at the ending of the week’s lessons. The little girls dropped their pretty curtsies shyly, but the boys kept to the charming Kafir salutation of throwing up the right hand with its two fingers extended, and crying “Inkosi!” It is a good deal prettier and more graceful than the complicated wave and bow in one which our village children accomplish so awkwardly.
Oh, how I should like to “do up” that school-room, and hang gay prints and picture-lessons on its walls, for those bright little creatures to go wild with delight at! There has been so much needed in the settlement that no money has been or can be forthcoming just yet for anything beyond bare necessaries. But the school-room wanted “doing up” very much. It was perfectly sweet and clean, and there was no occasion for any inspector133 to measure out so many cubic feet of air to each child, for the breeze from the mountains was whistling in at every crevice134 and among the rafters, and the floor was well scrubbed daily; but it wanted new stands and desks and forms—everything, in short—most sadly. Then just think what a boon135 it would be if the most intelligent and promising136 among the girls could be drafted from this school when twelve years old into a training-school, where they could be taught sewing and cooking and other homely137 accomplishments138! There is no place in the colony where one can turn for a good female servant, and yet here were all these nice sharp little girls only wanting the opportunity of learning to grow up into capital servants and good future wives, above merely picking mealies or hoeing the ground.
As I have said before, I am no political economist140, and the very combination of words frightens me, but still I can’t help observing how we are wasting the good material which lies ready to our hands. When one first arrives one is told, as a frightful141 piece of news, that there are three hundred thousand Kafirs in Natal, and only seventeen thousand whites. The next remark is that immigration is the cure for all the evils of the country, and that we want more white people. Now, it seems to me that is just what we don’t want—at least, white people of what is called the lower classes. Of course, every colony is the better for the introduction of skilled labor50 and intelligence of every kind, no matter how impecunious142 it may be. But the first thing a white person of any class at all does here is to set up Kafirs under him, whom he knocks about as much as he dares, complaining all the time of their ignorance and stupidity. Every man turns at once into a master and an independent gentleman, with black servants under him; and the result is, that it is impossible to get the simplest thing properly done, for the white people are too fine to do it, and the black ones either too ignorant or too lazy. Then there is an outcry at the chronic143 state of muddle144 and discomfort145 we all live in. English servants directly expect two or three Kafirs under them to do their work; and really no one except ladies and gentlemen seem to do anything save by deputy. Now, if we were only to import a small number of teachers and trained artisans of the highest procurable146 degree of efficiency, we could establish training-schools in connection with the missions which are scattered all over the country, and which have been doing an immense amount of good silently all these years. In this way we might gradually use up the material we have all ready to our hand in these swarming black people; and it appears to me as if it would be more likely to succeed than bringing shiploads of ignorant, idle whites into the colony. There is no doubt about it: Natal will never be an attractive country to European immigrants; and if it is not to be fairly crowded out of the list of progressive English colonies by its population of blacks, we must devise some scheme for bringing them into the great brotherhood147 of civilization. They are undoubtedly148 an intelligent people, good-humored and easy to manage. Their laziness is their great drawback, but at such a settlement as Edendale I heard no complaints, and certainly there were no signs of it. No one learns more readily than a savage72 how good are clothes and shelter and the thousand comforts of civilized people. Unhappily, he learns the evil with the good, especially in the towns, but that is our own fault. In a climate with so many cold days as this the want of clothing is severely149 felt by the Kafirs, and it is one of the first inducements to work. Then they very soon learn to appreciate the comfort of a better dwelling than their dark huts, and a wish for more nourishing food follows next. It is easier to get at the children and form their habits and ideas than to change those of the grown-up men, for the women scarcely count for anything at present in a scheme of improvement: they are mere139 hewers of wood and drawers of water. So the end of it all is, that I want a little money from some of you rich people to encourage the Edendale settlers by helping them with their existing schools, and if possible setting up training-schools where boys could be taught carpentering and other trades, and the girls housewifery; and I want the same idea taken up and enlarged, and gradually carried out on a grand scale all over the country.
There are several Norwegian missions established on the borders of Zululand, presided over by Bishop150 Schreuder; and I have been so immensely interested in the bishop’s report of a visit he paid last year to Cetywayo (there is a click in the C), the Zulu king, that I have copied some of it out of a Blue Book for you. Do you know there is a very wrong impression abroad about blue books? They contain the most interesting reading possible, full of details of colonial difficulties and dangers which are not to be met with anywhere else, and I have never been better entertained than by turning over the leaves of one whenever it is my good fortune to come across it. I remember one in particular upon Japan, beautifully written, and as thrillingly sensational151 as any of Miss Braddon’s novels. However, you shall judge for yourself of the bishop’s narrative152. I will only mention what he is too modest to cause to appear here—and which was told me by other people—that he is one of the most zealous153 and fearless of the great band of missionaries, beloved and respected by black and white. In fact, my informant managed to convey a very good impression of the bishop’s character to me when he summed up his panegyric154 in true colonial phraseology, though I quite admit that it does not sound sufficiently155 respectful when applied156 to a bishop: “He is a first-rate fellow, all round.”
This document, which I have shortened a little, was addressed as a letter to our minister for native affairs, and has thus become public property, read and re-read with deep interest by us here, and likely, I am sure, to please a wider circle:
Untunjambili, August 20, 1875.
Dear Sir: I beg to send you a short sketch157 of my last trip to and interview with the Zulu king, in order to present to him your report of your embassy, 1873, and leave it to your discretion158 to lay before His Excellency the whole or a part of this sketch, got up in a language foreign to me.
After an irksome traveling right across the Tugela from here to Undi, I arrived the fifth day (August 5) at the king’s head kraal sufficiently early to have a preliminary interview with the headmen then present—viz., Umnjamana, Usegetwayo, Uganze, Uzetzalusa, Untzingwayo, etc.—and, according to Zulu etiquette160, lay before them the substance of my message in the main points, the same as I, the day after (6th August), told the king.
N.B. In the course of the evening one of the headmen hinted to me that as regards the killing161 of people, all was not as it ought to be, and that I ought to press the matter when I had the interview with the king, as he needed to have his memory (I would rather say his conscience, for his memory is still very good—even remarkably162 good) stirred up, and that the present occasion was the very time to do that. The result proved this to be a very safe and timely hint.
They spent the forenoon communicating in their bulky way this news to the king, so it was midday before I got an interview with the king, when I opened the interview verbatim, thus:
“My arrival here to-day is not on my own account. I have come at the request of the chiefs across (the Tugela) to cause you to receive by hand and by mouth a book which has come from Victoria, the queen of the English—the book of the new laws of this Zulu country, which Somtseu (Mr. Shepstone) proclaimed publicly at Umlambongwenya the day he, being called to do so, set you apart to be king of the Zulus. Victoria, queen of the English, says: ‘I and my great headmen (ministers) have read the new laws of the Zulu country, which you, king, and all the Zulus, agreed to with Somtseu; and as we adhere to our words, so also I wish you, chief of the Zulus, to hold fast to these words of yours of this law which you agreed to adhere to the day you were made king by Mr. Shepstone, who was sent to do that by the government of Natal.’ I have now finished: this is the only word I have brought with me from the chiefs across (the Tugela).”
The royal inscription163 of the copy was of course literally164 translated.
After having thus delivered the government message entrusted165 to me, I added, in the way of explaining to the king and his councilors the merits of the case at issue, by saying:
“You have heard the government word, but that you may clearly see the line of this book of the new laws, I wish to explain to you as follows: The day the Zulu nation brought the head of the king, laid low, four oxen, to the government, the Zulu nation asked that Mr. Shepstone might come and proclaim the new laws of Zululand, and set apart the real royal child, because they no longer had power of themselves to set apart for themselves a king. Mr. Shepstone came, and began by consulting you, the Zulu nation, at Umlambongwenya on the fifth day of the week, on all the points of the new law which he had been sent for to proclaim; and he conversed166 with you until the sun went down, having begun early in the day. He then left you Zulus to consult together and investigate the new laws on the last day of the week and on the Sunday; and when Mr. Shepstone returned to the wagons (camp) he wrote in a book all the points of the new law; and on Monday he again came with all his attendants, and it was in accordance with his previous arrangement with you; and he came to the Umlambongwenya, the residence appointed for the purpose, that he might set apart in becoming manner the young king. We all were present: we heard him, standing publicly, holding in his hand a paper, and pointing to it, saying, ‘That forgetfulness may never, never happen, I have written in this paper all the points of the new laws of the country which we agreed upon, two days ago and to-day, in the presence of all the Zulu nation, the royal children and the nobles;’ and he then handed that paper to his son, that it might be accessible and speak when he himself is no more; and this proclamation of the new laws was confirmed by the English custom of firing cannons167 seventeen times, and according to the Zulu by the striking of shields. On the second day of the week Mr. Shepstone returned to the Umlambongwenya to take his leave of the king, and again the points of the new law were explained; and Ut-tamn (Cetywayo’s brother) explained to Mr. Shepstone the history of this house; and on the third day the nobles all went to the wagons (camp), being sent to the king to take leave, and Mr. Shepstone went home satisfied; and when he returned to the colony he wrote this book of the narrative of his journey and his work in Zululand; and, as is done (in the colony), then he sent it to the governor, and the governor read it, and read it all, and said the work of Somtseu is good, and the new laws of the Zulu country are good; and, as is done there too, he sent it forward to Victoria, the queen of the English; and Victoria sent back this book of the new laws by the same way to the governor, and the governor returned it to Somtseu, and here it is come back to its work (discharge its function) in Zululand, where it was set up to rule over you. And as Victoria binds168 herself by her words, so are you also, king, and you, the Zulu nation, bound by this new law made for you here by Somtseu at Umlambongwenya. And this is the generation of this book of the new law: It was born an infant; it went across (the water), the child of a king, to seek for kingship, and it found it; it was made king far away, and here it is returned with its rank to its own country, Zululand; therefore do not say it is only the book that speaks. No, I tell you, Zulus, of a truth, that this book has to-day rank: it took that rank beyond (the water): it has come back a king, and is supreme169 in this country.
“The words of the governor are finished, and my explanation is finished; but there are small items of news which I wish to tell you in your ears, which the authorities (in Natal) did not tell me, but which I speak for myself because I wish to see for you and reprove you gently, that you may understand.”
Uganze then commenced in his usual tattling way to make some remarks, that they, as black people, did not understand books and the value of such written documents; whereupon I said to him, “That won’t do, Ganze, that you, after having applied, as in the present case, to people who transact170 business through written documents, now afterward171 say you do not understand the value of books. You all know very well that book-rules are supreme with white people: it is therefore of no use that you, after having obtained what you wanted from the white people, now come and plead ignorance about book. If you don’t know yourselves to read book, there is nothing else for you to be done but to get a trustworthy person to read for you, or learn to read yourselves.”
By these remarks I stopped effectually all further talk of that kind; and, evidently displeased172 at Uganze’s talk, the king repeated very correctly all I had endeavored to say. (You know the king has a good memory.)
While I was translating, the king and his nobles often expressed their astonishment173, uttering occasionally that it was as if they were living the thing over again, and that what was translated was exactly what was spoken and transacted174 in your way to and under your stay at the place of encampment; and, having finished, I told them that the fullness and correctness of the details of the report was a natural result of the habit of white people under such circumstances, daily to take down in writing what transpired175, in order not to forget it itself long time afterward.
As the king and his nobles now entered upon a discussion of the merits of the new laws as set forth in your report, and this discussion evidently would take the turn of being an answer to the message delivered, I found it necessary to tell them that I had received no commission to bring back any answer to the government message; and stated my own private opinion about not having received such commission by saying most explicitly176, “My opinion is that the chiefs across the Tugela did not tell me to take back to them your answer, because your right words to adhere to the new law are completed. They are many: no more are necessary. The thing wanted now is your acts in accordance with the law.”
Here, again, Uganze asked what I meant by acts; and the answer was, “That you rule and manage this Zululand in accordance with the new law, and never overstep it;” and I explained this further by telling them frankly177 that many reports circulated in Natal of the extensive killing of people all over the Zululand; that from the time I this year had crossed the Tugela, Natal people had with one mouth asked me if the killing of people in Zululand now really was carried on to such an extent as reported, in spite of the new law; that I had not with my own eyes seen any corpse178, and personally only knew of them said to have been killed; that I myself had my information principally from the same sources as people in Natal, and often from Natal newspapers; that I myself personally believed that there were some, and perhaps too much, foundation for said reports: there were many who pretended having seen corpses179 of people killed both with guns and spears. And, after having lectured my Zulu audience very earnestly upon this vital point, I concluded, saying, “Well-wishers of the Zulus are very sorry to hear of such things, as they certainly had hoped that the new constitution would have remedied this sad shedding of blood; while, on the other hand, people who did not care whether the Zulu nation was ruined or not, merely laughed at the idea that any one ever could have entertained the hope of altering or amending180 the old-cherished Zulu practice of bloodshed, as the Zulus were such an irrecoverable set of man-butchers. Further, I tell you seriously, king, your reputation is bad among the whites; and, although it is not as yet officially reported to the government, still it has come to its ears, all these bloody181 rumors182, and nobody can tell what may be the consequences hereafter—to-morrow.”
The king and his izinduna seemed wonderfully tame—even conscience-smitten all along—while the rumors were mentioned, for I had expected some of their usual unruly excitement; but nothing of that kind was seen. But, although the king and his nobles present had, as mentioned above, with astonishment uttered that your report had reported exactly everything done and said there and then, he now tried to point out that you, in your report, had left out to inform the queen that he, in his transactions with you, had reserved to himself the right of killing people who kill others, who lie with the king’s girls, who sin against or steal the king’s property—that it is the royal Zulu prerogative183 “from time immemorial,” at the accession to the throne, to make raid on neighboring tribes. I went into details of both questions, and proved by plain words of your report, as well as by logical conclusion therefrom, the fallacy of both complaints; and especially as to the pretended “from time immemorial,” that this was nonsense, as that bloody system of raid only was from yesterday (chaka), and therefore there were no reasons why it should not be broken off to-morrow; and much more so as this raid-system only tended to exasperate184 all neighboring tribes against the Zulus, and eventually bring on their (Zulus’) ruin, for it was well known that all neighboring tribes were gradually coming under the protection of the white people. The king made, in self-defence, some irrelevant185 remarks, and was of course supported by the izinduna in the usual Zulu-duda way, but, most remarkably, in a very tame way; but I thought by myself, “It is easy to make an end to this support and combination, for I shall split your interest, and then combat you singly.” So I turned the current of the discussion in this way, saying, “I do really believe that there is going on killing people in such a manner that the king is blamed in Natal for doings he first afterward is made aware of—viz., the grandees186 will, for example, kill a man of no note, take a few heads of cattle to the king in order to shut his mouth, saying, ‘I found a rat spoiling my things, and struck this rat of mine, and here is the few cattle it left behind.’ Then the king will—although the thing does not suit him—think by himself, ‘If I stir up in this poltroon187 matter, my grandees will say that I trouble them;’ and so the thing is growing on, and brings on such rumors and bad names over in Natal. But was it not agreed upon, king, at your installation, that the common saying, ‘My man,’ or ‘My people,’ must not be tolerated any longer? It must cease in the mouth of the grandees in the country. Here in the Zululand is now ‘my people’ of the grandees, but all are people of the king. The grandees have no right to the people: the king is the owner of them all solely188. And was it not agreed upon that no Zulu—male or female, old or young—could be executed without fair, open trial and the special previous sanction of the king? But now, by the old practice creeping into use again, and the grandees killing their so-called people, and the king killing his, it is like the real owner and the other imaginary owners killing independently cattle out of the same herd189, without telling each other, till the herd is cut up. By executing people who really only belong to the king, the grandees will, in the same degree as they do so, detract from and diminish the royal power and prerogative, so that there in fact reign159 several kings in this same kingdom, at least as far as the authority over life and death concerns. The grandees are concealed190 behind their king in the bad rumors over in Natal; so the king gains a bad name and blame for the whole, while the grandees gain the satisfaction of succeeding in killing people they dislike.”
The king assented191 to these my remarks; so the izinduna found themselves deserted192 and silenced. Umnjamana only tried to put in a few very tame remarks of his usual ones, but I quickly brought him to his senses by remembering him sharply of his sayings and doings at the installation. I now thought it high time to cut the further parlance193 short by saying, “I find that I am going to be dragged into an argument about matters that are no business of mine, and I will therefore talk no more of these things, for the new law-owners are still alive; and, moreover, the new law is there invested with undeniable royalty194; so that even when Her Majesty195 Victoria, her present councilors and the rest of us are no more, the Umteto will be there, and numerous copies of it are in the hands of the white people, so that they at present and in future times will be able to compare whether the doings of yours (Zulu) are in accordance or at variance196 with that law, and take their measures accordingly. Victoria binds herself by books, and so you are bound by this book of new law that now is ruling supreme: that is the long and short of it, for this book of the law will decay with the country.... I have now talked myself tired, finished my verbal errand to you, king, and now I will hand over to you this splendid copy of the new law.” He then said, “Lay it down here” (pointing to the mat under his feet). “No,” I replied, “that won’t do: the book is not at your feet, but you are at the feet of the book; and if my hands are not too good to hand it over to you, your hands ought not to be too good to receive it. Don’t make any difficulty.” So he received the copy with his hands, laid it himself on the mat, placed both his elbows on his knees, and holding bent52 over his head between his hands, uttered that peculiar197 native “Oh dear! oh dear! what a man this is!”
The king evidently felt himself so out of his depth that he quite forgot his usual final topics, begging for a royal cloak (the standing topic of late) or some similar thing, and dropped into begging for a dog to bark for him at night.
Lastly, in order to test him how he now was disposed toward mission-work, I told him that, as my business with him was finished, I should immediately, without sleeping that night at Undi, commence my homeward journey, for I had left much work to be done behind, having commenced a new station over in Natal, as here in Zululand is no work for us missionaries as long as he prohibited his subjects from becoming Christians198; therefore it was at present quite sufficient for me in Zululand, where it, under present circumstances, was useless to get new stations only to live and not work on, while we over in Natal could buy, and from government, who approved of the mission-work, get land for stations; moreover, the people—for example, over at Untunjambili—were very anxious to be taught. With an heedful air the king asked, “Do the Kafirs really wish to be taught?” “Yes, they really do,” I answered him.
Thinking that it would do them (the king and councilors) good to hear a bit of those proceedings199, I inserted a few words about the contemplated200 and proposed federation201 between the colony of Natal, Cape28, the Transvaal, and Orange States by mentioning that an important letter from the great people beyond the water had come and proposed a grand meeting of men chosen from these four states to deliberate of the best mode of establishing such federation among themselves, and the advantage and importance of this federation, which I tried to point out by a few practical instances. The king and his induna now insisted upon my not leaving before next morning, as the king wanted to prepare for me (get me some living beef); and in the course of the evening I got a special message from him to you to get from a doctor medicine for a complaint he had in the chest, rising at times from regions about the liver, and medicine for an induna who of late had been completely deaf. The messenger also told that the king already had sent to you for medicines, but as yet got no answer. I think that he has found out that it comes very expensive to call a dotela from Natal, and that it therefore would be cheapest to get the aid of genuine doctors through your kind unpaid202 assistance.
Under the conversation with the king the headman Usagetwayo (a rather stupid man, but whose assumed grandeur is so great and supercilious203 that he pretends never to know anybody, but always must ask somebody who this is) asked in his well-known hoarse204 way, “Who is he there who speaks with the king?” (meaning me). Umnjamana answered, “Bishop Schreuder, native man: he is Panda’s old headman. You are joking in saying you don’t know him: it was he for whom they cut off the large bit of land at Enlumeni.” (One of my Christian natives present overheard this conversation getting on in a subdued205 tone while I was speaking with the king.)
When our interview commenced the king seemed rather sulky, but got gradually brighter, at least very tame, which hardly could have been expected after such dusky beginning, for which there were also other reasons, needless to specify206 here. I remain, etc.,
H. Schreuder.
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1
natal
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| adj.出生的，先天的 | |
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neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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jack
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| n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克 | |
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4
consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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5
spasms
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| n.痉挛( spasm的名词复数 )；抽搐；（能量、行为等的）突发；发作 | |
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withering
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| 使人畏缩的，使人害羞的，使人难堪的 | |
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scorching
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| adj. 灼热的 | |
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fable
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| n.寓言；童话；神话 | |
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9
beguiled
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| v.欺骗( beguile的过去式和过去分词 )；使陶醉；使高兴；消磨（时间等） | |
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10
grievance
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| n.怨愤，气恼，委屈 | |
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graft
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| n.移植，嫁接，艰苦工作，贪污；v.移植，嫁接 | |
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12
monotonous
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| adj.单调的，一成不变的，使人厌倦的 | |
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13
steadily
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| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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14
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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obstinate
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| adj.顽固的，倔强的，不易屈服的，较难治愈的 | |
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16
isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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dabs
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| 少许( dab的名词复数 )； 是…能手； 做某事很在行； 在某方面技术熟练 | |
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18
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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19
impartial
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| adj.(in,to)公正的，无偏见的 | |
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20
delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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flirted
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| v.调情，打情骂俏( flirt的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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22
ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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tributary
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| n.支流；纳贡国；adj.附庸的；辅助的；支流的 | |
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buck
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| n.雄鹿，雄兔；v.马离地跳跃 | |
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buffalo
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| n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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28
cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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29
plantations
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| n.种植园，大农场( plantation的名词复数 ) | |
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willows
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| n.柳树( willow的名词复数 )；柳木 | |
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shrub
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| n.灌木，灌木丛 | |
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32
chilly
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| adj.凉快的，寒冷的 | |
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33
lurks
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| n.潜在，潜伏；（lurk的复数形式）vi.潜伏，埋伏（lurk的第三人称单数形式） | |
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34
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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rustling
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| n. 瑟瑟声，沙沙声 adj. 发沙沙声的 | |
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bereft
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| adj.被剥夺的 | |
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wagons
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| n.四轮的运货马车( wagon的名词复数 )；铁路货车；小手推车 | |
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jaded
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| adj.精疲力竭的；厌倦的；（因过饱或过多而）腻烦的；迟钝的 | |
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animation
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| n.活泼，兴奋，卡通片／动画片的制作 | |
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falcon
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| n.隼，猎鹰 | |
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41
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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jabber
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| v.快而不清楚地说；n.吱吱喳喳 | |
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43
vista
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| n.远景，深景，展望，回想 | |
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44
deft
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| adj.灵巧的，熟练的（a deft hand 能手） | |
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45
squat
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| v.蹲坐，蹲下；n.蹲下；adj.矮胖的，粗矮的 | |
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46
munching
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| v.用力咀嚼（某物），大嚼( munch的现在分词 ) | |
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47
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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48
civilizing
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| v.使文明，使开化( civilize的现在分词 ) | |
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49
costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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50
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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51
incumbent
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| adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的 | |
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52
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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53
tangible
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| adj.有形的，可触摸的，确凿的，实际的 | |
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54
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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55
missionaries
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| n.传教士( missionary的名词复数 ) | |
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56
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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57
rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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58
ramble
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| v.漫步，漫谈，漫游；n.漫步，闲谈，蔓延 | |
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59
rambles
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| （无目的地）漫游( ramble的第三人称单数 )； （喻）漫谈； 扯淡； 长篇大论 | |
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60
mule
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| n.骡子，杂种，执拗的人 | |
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61
orchids
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| n.兰花( orchid的名词复数 ) | |
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62
chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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63
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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64
pompous
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的；夸大的；豪华的 | |
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65
scant
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| adj.不充分的，不足的；v.减缩，限制，忽略 | |
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66
dissenters
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| n.持异议者，持不同意见者( dissenter的名词复数 ) | |
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67
certified
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| a.经证明合格的；具有证明文件的 | |
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68
missionary
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| adj.教会的，传教(士)的；n.传教士 | |
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69
thatches
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| n.（稻草、芦苇等盖的）茅草屋顶( thatch的名词复数 )；乱蓬蓬的头发，又脏又乱的头发 | |
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70
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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71
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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72
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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73
cultivation
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| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
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74
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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75
chapels
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| n.小教堂， （医院、监狱等的）附属礼拜堂( chapel的名词复数 )；（在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的）礼拜仪式 | |
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76
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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77
pastor
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| n.牧师，牧人 | |
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78
briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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79
Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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80
labored
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|
| adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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81
nucleus
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| n.核，核心，原子核 | |
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82
sickle
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| n.镰刀 | |
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83
dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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84
shamefully
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| 可耻地； 丢脸地； 不体面地； 羞耻地 | |
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85
diminutive
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| adj.小巧可爱的，小的 | |
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86
trickle
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| vi.淌，滴，流出，慢慢移动，逐渐消散 | |
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87
helping
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| n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的 | |
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88
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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89
maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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90
graceful
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|
| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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91
slate
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|
| n.板岩，石板，石片，石板色，候选人名单；adj.暗蓝灰色的，含板岩的；vt.用石板覆盖，痛打，提名，预订 | |
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92
knowledgeable
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|
| adj.知识渊博的；有见识的 | |
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93
withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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94
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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95
scattered
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|
| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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96
outgrown
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|
| 长[发展] 得超过（某物）的范围( outgrow的过去分词 )； 长[发展]得不能再要（某物）； 长得比…快； 生长速度超过 | |
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97
thrift
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| adj.节约，节俭；n.节俭，节约 | |
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98
civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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99
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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100
abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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101
fowls
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|
| 鸟( fowl的名词复数 )； 禽肉； 既不是这； 非驴非马 | |
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102
pumpkins
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| n.南瓜( pumpkin的名词复数 )；南瓜的果肉，南瓜囊 | |
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103
hearth
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| n.壁炉炉床，壁炉地面 | |
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104
savory
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| adj.风味极佳的，可口的，味香的 | |
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105
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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106
whitewashed
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| 粉饰，美化，掩饰( whitewash的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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107
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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108
insignificance
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| n.不重要；无价值；无意义 | |
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109
flaunting
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| adj.招摇的，扬扬得意的，夸耀的v.炫耀，夸耀( flaunt的现在分词 )；有什么能耐就施展出来 | |
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110
crimson
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|
| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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111
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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112
beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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113
adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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114
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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115
profusion
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| n.挥霍；丰富 | |
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116
recess
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| n.短期休息，壁凹（墙上装架子，柜子等凹处） | |
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117
sable
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| n.黑貂；adj.黑色的 | |
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118
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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119
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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120
swarming
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| 密集( swarm的现在分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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121
darting
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| v.投掷，投射( dart的现在分词 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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122
stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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123
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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124
repulsive
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| adj.排斥的，使人反感的 | |
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125
specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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126
sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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127
hues
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| 色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点 | |
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128
mantles
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| vt.&vi.覆盖（mantle的第三人称单数形式） | |
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129
second-hand
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| adj.用过的，旧的，二手的 | |
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130
liberated
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| a.无拘束的，放纵的 | |
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131
whooping
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| 发嗬嗬声的，发咳声的 | |
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132
joyful
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| adj.欢乐的，令人欢欣的 | |
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133
inspector
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| n.检查员，监察员，视察员 | |
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134
crevice
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| n.(岩石、墙等)裂缝；缺口 | |
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135
boon
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| n.恩赐，恩物，恩惠 | |
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136
promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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137
homely
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| adj.家常的，简朴的；不漂亮的 | |
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138
accomplishments
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| n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就 | |
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139
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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140
economist
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| n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人 | |
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141
frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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142
impecunious
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| adj.不名一文的，贫穷的 | |
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143
chronic
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| adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的 | |
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144
muddle
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|
| n.困惑，混浊状态；vt.使混乱，使糊涂，使惊呆；vi.胡乱应付，混乱 | |
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145
discomfort
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| n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便 | |
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146
procurable
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| adj.可得到的，得手的 | |
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147
brotherhood
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| n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊 | |
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148
undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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149
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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150
bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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151
sensational
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| adj.使人感动的，非常好的，轰动的，耸人听闻的 | |
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152
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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153
zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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154
panegyric
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| n.颂词，颂扬 | |
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155
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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156
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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157
sketch
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| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
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158
discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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159
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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160
etiquette
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| n.礼仪，礼节；规矩 | |
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161
killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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162
remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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163
inscription
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| n.（尤指石块上的）刻印文字，铭文，碑文 | |
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164
literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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165
entrusted
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| v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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166
conversed
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| v.交谈，谈话( converse的过去式 ) | |
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167
cannons
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| n.加农炮，大炮，火炮( cannon的名词复数 ) | |
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168
binds
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| v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 )；装订；捆绑；（用长布条）缠绕 | |
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169
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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170
transact
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| v.处理；做交易；谈判 | |
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171
afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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172
displeased
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| a.不快的 | |
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173
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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174
transacted
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| v.办理（业务等）( transact的过去式和过去分词 )；交易，谈判 | |
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175
transpired
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| （事实，秘密等）被人知道( transpire的过去式和过去分词 )； 泄露； 显露； 发生 | |
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176
explicitly
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| ad.明确地，显然地 | |
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177
frankly
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| adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说 | |
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178
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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179
corpses
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| n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 ) | |
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180
amending
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| 改良，修改，修订( amend的现在分词 )； 改良，修改，修订( amend的第三人称单数 )( amends的现在分词 ) | |
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181
bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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182
rumors
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| n.传闻( rumor的名词复数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷v.传闻( rumor的第三人称单数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷 | |
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183
prerogative
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| n.特权 | |
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184
exasperate
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| v.激怒，使（疾病）加剧，使恶化 | |
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185
irrelevant
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| adj.不恰当的，无关系的，不相干的 | |
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186
grandees
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| n.贵族，大公，显贵者( grandee的名词复数 ) | |
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187
poltroon
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| n.胆怯者；懦夫 | |
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188
solely
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| adv.仅仅，唯一地 | |
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189
herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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190
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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191
assented
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| 同意，赞成( assent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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192
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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parlance
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| n.说法；语调 | |
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194
royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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195
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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196
variance
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| n.矛盾，不同 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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198
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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199
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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200
contemplated
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| adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式 | |
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201
federation
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| n.同盟，联邦，联合，联盟，联合会 | |
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202
unpaid
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| adj.未付款的，无报酬的 | |
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203
supercilious
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| adj.目中无人的，高傲的；adv.高傲地；n.高傲 | |
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204
hoarse
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| adj.嘶哑的，沙哑的 | |
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subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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206
specify
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| vt.指定，详细说明 | |
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