The plan of most of the existing works is distinctly that of the exhibition of a genealogical tribe or clan3. Its purpose is to assemble in one book all the known descendants of a certain ancestor, or only the male descendants who are bearers of the family surname. The head of the clan is generally the first American emigrant4, and his family becomes "Family 1" of the book. "Family 2" will depend upon our choice of one of two modifications5 of the general plan.
Let us suppose that the head of the clan is John Smith, and that he had three children, Mary, John, and Philip, all of whom had families. If our purpose is to exhibit the entire clan, we will make no difference between daughters who marry and give their children the surnames of their husbands, and sons who give their children the surname of the head of the clan. In that case, the family of John Smith being Family 1, that of his oldest child, Mary, will be Family 2, while the families of John and Philip will be 3 and 4 respectively. In the third generation we will go back to Mary's oldest child, who left [Pg 38]descendants, who will become the head of Family 5, followed by her other children, who had families, in the order of birth. The children of John will next be given in order of birth, followed by those of Philip, all who had children being treated as heads of families to which a family number is assigned.
But the work of accounting7 for all the descendants becomes so irksome, in the case of fertile families, which have to be carried through a number of generations, that it is the prevailing8 custom to shirk the responsibility of this full exhibit. Thus, only the families of sons, and son's sons, are carried down from generation to generation. The daughters, if their descendants bear other surnames, are set aside, although the blood-tie is the same. The tribe itself is not exhibited, but only that part which bears the surname of the common ancestor. This is the modification6 adopted by the most eminent9 genealogists.
All forms of the "clan" genealogy unite collateral10 lines of descent by the sentimental11 bond of a thin blood-tie, affording an excellent basis for "family reunions." But they are quite unsatisfactory as attempts to exhibit one's ancestry12. If we are included in such a book, "The Smith Family," for example, we generally find but one of our many ancestral lines traced. And even if one or two of our Smith progenitors13 married cousins of the same name, only two or three of the Smith lines will lead down to ourselves.
Such an arrangement does not go far toward showing one's ancestry. Not a few Americans are in the[Pg 39] tenth generation from their earliest forefathers14 on this side of the water. Hundreds of thousands are in the seventh, eighth or ninth generation. Let us reckon the number of our progenitors for ten generations. We had 2 parents, 4 grandparents, 8 great-grandparents, 16 great-great-grandparents, 32 ancestors of the sixth generation, 64 of the seventh, 128 of the eighth, 256 of the ninth, and 512 of the tenth generation.
The number of ancestors for ten generations is thus 1,022. The different surnames represented among them may be as many as the number of ancestors of the earliest generation—i.e., 128 for eight generations, 256 for nine, and 512 for ten generations. The actual number is frequently lessened15 by the marriage of ancestors who bear the same surname. But the general significance of the numerical argument remains16.
Are we a descendant of the first John Smith, in the tenth generation and through a single line? Then the book on "The Smith Family" will only show 18 of our 1,022 ancestors, assuming that the wife of each of our ancestral Smiths is mentioned. If the wives are omitted, only 9 ancestors will be shown. And in the latter case the book shows our link with but one family and surname out of a possible 512. Or, if the book gives the maiden17 names of the wives of our nine ancestral Smiths, nine other family surnames out of the 512 will receive a bare mention. But none of these lines will be traced.
[Pg 40]
The reader will now fully18 appreciate our reference to this kind of book as the "clan" genealogy. It shows the relationships, most of them quite distant, between the collateral branches of a single tribe; but it does not exhibit the many lines of one's ancestry. The kind of book which accomplishes the latter object will come before us in the next chapter.
Nevertheless, the "clan" genealogy has its place. The recognition of tribal19 relations has become popular, and family organizations, with the occasional function of a "family re-union," are rapidly increasing. Many of these organizations, embracing all the known descendants of a common ancestor, elect regular officers, and in a few cases the whole tribe has a legal status as a corporation.
The tribal genealogy is also favored by many who hope to make a profit by the sale of their book. A fair-sized tribe is considered a promising20 field for such an enterprise. Among several thousand clansmen a considerable number, it is assumed, will purchase a copy of a book which traces one of their ancestral lines. When the project is well managed and the book properly exploited this hope is often realized very handsomely.
The "clan" genealogy also finds a prominent place in local history. The annals of a town or neighborhood having been given, these are supplemented by monographs21 on the old families. Beginning with the first settler, his descendants are traced down, each family sketch22 becoming a "clan" genealogy on a small[Pg 41] scale. This feature immensely increases the interest of town histories, and if the tribal genealogy needs any justification23, it certainly finds it here.
Finally, there is the undoubted fact stated at the beginning of our chapter, that the "clan" genealogy has pre-empted the field. It is the work everywhere met, the book which is in every mind when a genealogy is thought of.
Special difficulties attend the compiling of this kind of work, and for the overcoming of these we have prepared a special notebook.
It should be remembered that if, instead of counting one man's ancestors, we should reckon one man's descendants, assuming an average, in each family, of three children who become parents, in nine generations some 9,841 descendants would have become parents, each with a wife or husband, making a total of 19,682 to appear in the tribal book, without counting descendants that leave no issue!
After the ninth generation the tribe grows with leaps and bounds that are truly mighty24. A single additional generation, the tenth, would add a new crop of no less than 39,366 husbands and wives, making a total of 59,048 tribesmen entitled to a place in the book! And the eleventh generation—but peace! Our little work on the joys of genealogical research shall not be marred25 by the statistical26 bore who tries to scare with his wretched arithmetic!
In truth, formidable as the "clan" genealogy sometimes is, at present it seldom takes in ten generations,[Pg 42] while our estimate of family increase is perhaps too great. And what genealogist, though he beg and implore27 information of the later generations, sending out hundreds of eloquent28 letters, is ever able to make a complete exhibit of a great tribe? Our figures should not terrify, therefore, but simply compel proper appreciation29 of the problem of the notebook.
How shall the data for a whole tribe be preserved until the day of compilation30, and how can we keep it from becoming a jumbled31 miscellany that will drive us to despair?
The terror of the notebooks first dawned upon us just as we thought we had the matter well in hand. It was our first extensive investigation32, and as the ancestral names increased on our research list we found that we must make a choice of methods. Should we search the authorities for one name at a time? Many advise this to avoid confusion, on the principle of choosing the lesser33 of two evils.
But it is a clumsy method, well nigh intolerable, which leads one to visit certain places and consult certain authorities for data on one name, and then return over pretty much the same ground for the second, the third, and all other names on a long list. We rejected the thought of such a system, determining that as each authority came into our hands we would extract whatever it contained on any of our names.
This settled, another question presented itself.[Pg 43] Should we carry a separate notebook for every name investigated? Our list of names was so formidable that such an expedient34 threatened to transform the genealogist into a genealogical packhorse. Hence we preferred to carry a book or two at a time, to which we committed all our discoveries. Previous historical training had taught us to note the authority with each item, and we made rapid progress with the work. When one notebook was full, another took its place. What could be more simple and expeditious35?
But the day came when we sat down to compile. Alas36! our sins had found us out! A stack of notebooks lay before us, and through them all were scattered37 our data for each name, without system or chronological38 order. Oh, the despair of going through that pile of books, turning down pages and numbering items according to dates, in a desperate attempt to arrange the material for each name so as to compile the facts in a decent order!
In spite of all our care, the wretched books concealed39 desirable items until our manuscript had passed the proper place of insertion, sardonically41 calling our attention to the omissions42 when we were busy with another subject. How we grew to hate those notebooks, and how they tormented43 us with a plague of re-writing! We had a premonition that they would conceal40 some things to the very last; and, sure enough, having tortured us during the days of writing, humiliated44 us in the proof-sheets, and demanded a display of errata as the book went to press,[Pg 44] they waited until it was nicely printed, bound and published before making their final disclosures!
To obviate45 all this trouble, we now have the Grafton Genealogical Notebook, American Form. As the last two words indicate, this notebook embodies46 the arrangement of the "clan" genealogy used by the most eminent American genealogists and adopted by such organizations as the New England Historic-Genealogical Society and the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society.
This notebook consists of a succession of groups of pages, each group arranged with blanks to receive the data for a whole family. The facts are written in their proper spaces when first ascertained47, and when the work of research is finished it will be found that the work of compilation has taken care of itself! In fact, the notebook is self-compiling. The blank spaces are arranged in the order of the statements as they are to appear on the printed page, the connecting words and proper punctuation48 being printed in the notebook. Having filled in all the spaces which our data requires, we simply draw a pen through the rest, and our book is practically compiled, for its own leaves may be sent to the printer as manuscript! The leaves are perforated so that they may be readily detached, and thus we are saved the labor49 and the possible errors of recopying.
For example, having written our introductory matter, we detach the leaves from our notebooks, group by group, beginning with the family of the common [Pg 45]ancestor, followed by that of his oldest child, who had issue, and so on through all the families and generations in order. In this order, we consecutively50 number the leaves in blank spaces provided for that purpose, and if the "family" and "individual" numbers have not already been assigned, we note them in the proper spaces.
We may add that this notebook is equally well adapted for tracing all of the descendants of an ancestor, or those of the sons alone. Its use will be understood at a glance by experienced genealogists. Detailed51 instructions, however, with sample blanks filled out, have been prepared for those desiring them. These instructions completely initiate52 the amateur into the details of the best form of "clan" genealogy.[4]
FOOTNOTE:
[4] The Grafton Genealogical Notebook, American Form (copyrighted), can be had of The Grafton Press, Genealogical and Biographical Department, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Price, per copy, 25 cents; 12 copies for $2.50. The book is 5 1-4 inches wide by 8 1-2 long, and can be carried in the pocket. The instruction pamphlet will be sent to any address upon receipt of 25 cents. It is furnished free, when requested, to every purchaser of 12 copies of the notebook.
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
genealogist
|
|
| 系谱学者 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
genealogy
|
|
| n.家系，宗谱 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
clan
|
|
| n.氏族，部落，宗族，家族，宗派 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
emigrant
|
|
| adj.移居的，移民的；n.移居外国的人，移民 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
modifications
|
|
| n.缓和( modification的名词复数 )；限制；更改；改变 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
modification
|
|
| n.修改，改进，缓和，减轻 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
accounting
|
|
| n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
prevailing
|
|
| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
eminent
|
|
| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
collateral
|
|
| adj.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
sentimental
|
|
| adj.多愁善感的，感伤的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
ancestry
|
|
| n.祖先，家世 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
progenitors
|
|
| n.祖先( progenitor的名词复数 )；先驱；前辈；原本 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
forefathers
|
|
| n.祖先，先人；祖先，祖宗( forefather的名词复数 )；列祖列宗；前人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
lessened
|
|
| 减少的，减弱的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
remains
|
|
| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
17
maiden
|
|
| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
18
fully
|
|
| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
19
tribal
|
|
| adj.部族的，种族的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
20
promising
|
|
| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
21
monographs
|
|
| n.专著，专论( monograph的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
22
sketch
|
|
| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
23
justification
|
|
| n.正当的理由；辩解的理由 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
24
mighty
|
|
| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
25
marred
|
|
| adj. 被损毁, 污损的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
26
statistical
|
|
| adj.统计的，统计学的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
27
implore
|
|
| vt.乞求，恳求，哀求 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
28
eloquent
|
|
| adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
29
appreciation
|
|
| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
30
compilation
|
|
| n.编译，编辑 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
31
jumbled
|
|
| adj.混乱的；杂乱的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
32
investigation
|
|
| n.调查，调查研究 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
33
lesser
|
|
| adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
34
expedient
|
|
| adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
35
expeditious
|
|
| adj.迅速的，敏捷的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
36
alas
|
|
| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
37
scattered
|
|
| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
38
chronological
|
|
| adj.按年月顺序排列的，年代学的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
39
concealed
|
|
| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
40
conceal
|
|
| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
41
sardonically
|
|
| adv.讽刺地，冷嘲地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
42
omissions
|
|
| n.省略( omission的名词复数 )；删节；遗漏；略去或漏掉的事（或人） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
43
tormented
|
|
| 饱受折磨的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
44
humiliated
|
|
| 感到羞愧的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
45
obviate
|
|
| v.除去，排除，避免，预防 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
46
embodies
|
|
| v.表现( embody的第三人称单数 )；象征；包括；包含 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
47
ascertained
|
|
| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
48
punctuation
|
|
| n.标点符号，标点法 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
49
labor
|
|
| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
50
consecutively
|
|
| adv.连续地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
51
detailed
|
|
| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
52
initiate
|
|
| vt.开始，创始，发动；启蒙，使入门；引入 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
| 欢迎访问英文小说网 |