These matters are now stamped upon the minds of readers, on both sides of the Potomac. In the North they had voluminous reports of every detail; and the cessation of interest elsewhere gave full leisure to study them. In the South, 30,000 earnest historians from the trenches9 were sought, each one by eager crowds; and the story of every cannonade and skirmish and charge, told in honest but homely10 words, was burned into the memory of intent listeners.
Slowly that summer wore itself away. Steadily11 that bloody12 history traced itself out; punctuated13, now by many a fierce and sudden rush of crowding Federals—ever beaten back with frightful14 loss; again by rare sorties from our line, when our leaders saw the chance to strike some telling blow.
But spite of care in those leaders and superhuman endurance in the men, the southern troops were worn with watching and steadily melting away. Close, ceaseless fighting thinned their ranks; there were no more men—even the youngest of the land, or its first borns—to take the places of the lost veterans. General Grant's words were strictly15 true—"the South had robbed the cradle and the grave!" The boasted army of the North, led by her latest-chosen champion and strategist, was kept at bay by a skeleton of veterans, barely held together by the worn-out sinews and undeveloped muscle of old age and infancy16.
Then the fall of Atlanta came!
The people were not to be deceived by platitudes17 about "strategic purposes," or empty nothings about "a campaign to nullify it." They had gotten now beyond that; and saw the terrible blow that had been dealt them in all its naked strength. They felt that an army that had failed to check Sherman, when it was behind strong works, would hardly do so in the open field. They felt that he could now at his leisure bore into the coveted18 heart of our territory; that the long-attempted "bisection of the rebellion" was accomplished19; that further aid, or supplies, from that section was impossible. And then the people of Richmond turned once more with unfailing pride, but lessening20 hope, toward the decreasing bands that still held their own gates secure. But they saw how the deadly strain was telling upon these; that the end was near.
But even now there was no weak yielding—no despairing cry among the southern people. They looked at the coming end steadily and unflinchingly; and now, for the first time, they began to speculate upon the possible loss of their beloved Capital. It was rumored22 in Richmond that General Lee had told the President that the lines were longer than he could hold; that the sole hope was to evacuate23 the town and collect the armies at some interior point for a final struggle that might yet sever24 the bonds, ever closing tighter and tighter upon us. And the rumor21 added that Mr. Davis peremptorily25 and definitely rejected this counsel; declaring that he would hold the city, at any cost and any risk.
For once—whatever cause they had to credit these reports—the popular voice was louder on the side of the unpopular President than on that of the idolized general. The tremendous efforts to capture the Capital; the superhuman exertions26 made to defend it in the last four years, had made Richmond the cause! People argued that if Richmond was lost, the State of Virginia was lost, too; that there was no point in North Carolina where the army could make a stand, for even that "interior line" then became a frontier. Beyond this the people felt the moral effect of such a step; and that the army, as such, could never be carried out of Virginia. And with the ceaseless discussion of this question, came the first yearnings for peace propositions.
To this extremity27, the South had been confident and fixed28 in her views. Cheated of her hopes of foreign intervention29, she had yet believed her ability to work out her own oracle30; through blood and toil—even ruin, perhaps—but still to force a peace at last. But now the popular voice was raised in answer to the vague words of peace that found their way over the Potomac. If there be any desire in the North for cessation of this strife31, said the people, for God's sake let us meet it half way. Even the Congress seemed impressed with the necessity of meeting any overtures32 from the North, before it was too late and our dire33 strait should be known there. But it was already too late; and the resultless mission of Mr. Stephens to Fortress34 Monroe proved that the Washington Government now saw plainly that it could force upon us the terms it made the show of offering.
The failure of this mission, no less than the great mystery in which the Government endeavored to wrap it, produced a decided35 gloom among the thinking classes; and it reacted upon the army as well. The soldiers now began to lose hope for the first time. They saw they were fighting a hydra36; for as fast as they lopped off heads in any direction, fresh ones sprang up in others. They began, for the first time, to feel the contest unequal; and this depressing thought—added to the still greater privations following the loss of Georgia—made desertion fearfully common, and threatened to destroy, by that cause, an army that had withstood every device of the enemy.
And so the fall wore into winter; and the news from General Hood37's lines only added to the gloom. After the truce38 of ten days, following the fall of Atlanta, Hood had moved around and gotten almost in Sherman's rear. For a moment there was great exultation39, for it was believed he would destroy the enemy's communications and then attack him, or force an attack on ground of his own choosing. Great was the astonishment40 and great the disappointment, when Hood moved rapidly to Dalton and thence into Alabama, leaving the whole country south of Virginia entirely41 open, defenseless, and at Sherman's mercy.
And, as usual, in moments of general distress42, Mr. Davis was blamed for the move. He had, it was said, removed Joe Johnston at the very moment his patient sagacity was to bear its fruits; he had been in Hood's camp and had of course planned this campaign—a wilder and more disastrous43 one than the detachment of Longstreet, for Knoxville. Whosesoever may have been the plan, and whatever may have been its ultimate object, it failed utterly44 in diverting Sherman from the swoop45 for which he had so long hovered46. For, while the small bulwark47 of Georgia was removed—and sent in Quixotic joust48 against distant windmills—the threatening force, relieved from all restraint, and fearing no want of supplies in her fertile fields, pressed down, "Marching thro' Georgia."
Meantime Hood, with no more serious opposition49 than an occasional skirmish, crossed the Tennessee at Florence, about the middle of November. The enemy fell back before him, toward Nashville, until it seemed as if his intent was to draw Hood further and further away from the real point of action—Sherman's advance. On the 30th of November, however, Thomas made a stand at Franklin; and then resulted a terrific battle, in which the Confederates held the field, with the loss of one-third of the army. Six of our generals lay amid their gallant50 dead on that unhappy field; seven more were disabled by wounds, and one was a prisoner. The enemy's loss was stated at far less than ours; and he retired51 into Nashville, to which place our army laid siege on the 1st of December.
Weakened by the long march and more by the terrible losses of Franklin; ill-supplied and half-fed, Hood's army was compelled to rely upon the enemy's want of supplies driving him out. On the 15th of December he attacked our whole line, so furiously as to break it at every point. Hood's defeat was complete; he lost his whole artillery—over fifty pieces—most of his ordnance52 and many of his supply trains. In the dreadful retreat that followed, General Forrest's vigorous covering alone saved the remnant of that devoted54 army; and on the 23d of January, 1865—when he had brought them once more into temporary safety—General Hood issued a farewell order, stating that he was relieved at his own request.
Gallant, frank and fearless even in adversity, he did not shirk the responsibility of the campaign; declaring, that disastrous and bitter as it had been, he had believed it best.
So ended all real resistance in the South and West. The enemy had gained the back door to Richmond, had shattered its supports and had marched on to the rear of those strongholds that had so long defied his power from the sea.
It was but a question of time, when Charleston and Savannah should fall; and even the most hopeful could see that Virginia was the only soil on which resistance still walked erect55.
Meanwhile, the winter was passing in Richmond in most singular gayety. Though the hostile lines were so close that the pickets56 could "chaff58" each other without raising their voices, still both had learned that direct attacks in front were not practicable; and such was the state of the roads all around Petersburg, that no movement out of works could be attempted. Therefore more active fighting had for the moment ceased; numbers of young officers could get to Richmond, for a few days at a time; and these came worn and tired from camp and famished59 for society and gayety of some sort. And the younger ladies of Richmond—ready as they ever were to aid and comfort the soldier boys with needle, with bandage, or with lint—were quite as ready now to do all they could in plans for mutual60 pleasure.
They only felt the strain was for the moment remitted61; they recked not that it was to come to-morrow for the final crush; and they enjoyed to-day with all the recklessness of long restraint.
Parties were of nightly occurrence. Not the brilliant and generous festivals of the olden days of Richmond, but joyous62 and gay assemblages of a hundred young people, who danced as though the music of shells had never replaced that of the old negro fiddler—who chatted and laughed as if there were no to-morrow, with its certain skirmish, and its possible blanket for winding-sheet. For the beaux at these gatherings63 were not only the officers on leave from Petersburg; the lines drawn65 close to the city furnished many an acquisition, who would willingly do ten miles in and out, on horseback through the slush and snow, for one deux temps with "somebody in particular."
And many a brave fellow had ridden direct from the ball-room into the fight. I can well recall poor H. now, as he looked when last I saw him in life. Ruddy and joyous, with his handsome face one glow of pleasure, he vaulted66 gaily67 to his saddle under the bright moon at midnight. Curbing68 his restive69 horse, and waving a kiss to the bright faces pressed against the frosty pane70, his clear au revoir! echoed through the silent street, and he was off.
Next morning a country cart brought his lifeless body down Main street, with the small blue mark of a bullet in the middle of the smooth, clear, boyish brow. Never leaving his saddle, he had ridden into a picket57 fight, and a chance shot had cut short the life of so much promise.
But it is not meant that these parties entailed71 any waste of those supplies, vital alike to citizen and soldier. They were known as "Starvations;" and all refreshments72 whatever were forbidden, save what could be drawn from the huge pitcher73 of "Jeems' River" water, surrounded with its varied74 and many-shaped drinking utensils75. Many of these, even in the houses of the best provided, were of common blown glass, with a greenish tinge76 that suggested a most bilious77 condition of the blower. The music was furnished by some of the ancient negro minstrels—so dear to the juvenile78 southern heart in days gone by; or more frequently by the delicate fingers of some petted and favored belle79. And never, amid the blare of the best trained bands, the popping of champagne80, and the clatter81 of forks over paté de foies gras, was there more genuine enjoyment82 and more courtly chivalry83 to the beau sexe, than at these primitive84 soirées.
The "Starvations" were not the only amusements. Amateur theatricals85 and tableaux86 again became the rage in midwinter; and talent of no contemptible87 grade was displayed on many an impromptu88 stage. And that especial pet horror of supersensitive godliness—the godless German cotillion—even forced itself into the gayeties of the winter. Great was the wrath89 of the elect against all amusements of the kind—but chiefest among outrages90 was this graceless German. But despite the denunciations, the ridicule91, and even the active intervention of one or two ministers, the young soldiers and their chosen partners whirled away as though they had never heard a slander92 or a sermon.
I have already endeavored to show how a certain class in Richmond deprecated gayety of all kinds two years before. These, of course, objected now; and another class still was loud and violent against it. But, said the dancers, we do the fighting—we are the ones who are killed—and if we don't object, why in the deuce should you? Cooped up in camp, with mud and musty bacon for living, and the whistling of Miniés and whooing of shells for episode, we long for some pleasure when we can get off. This is the sole enjoyment we have, and we go back better men in every way for it.
This was rather unanswerable argument; and the younger ladies were all willing to back it; so malgré long faces and a seeming want of the unities93, the dancing went on.
We have heard a great deal post-bellum bathos about that strange mixture of gay waltzes, and rumble94 of dead-cart and ambulance; but one must have heard the sounds together before he can judge; and no one who was not in and of that peculiar95, and entirely abnormal, state of society, can understand either its construction, or its demands.
But the short spasm96 of gayety, after all, was only the fitful and feverish97 symptom of the deadly weakness of the body politic98. It was merely superficial; and under it was a fixed and impenetrable gloom. The desertions from the army were assuming fearful proportions, that no legislation or executive rigor99 could diminish; supplies of bare food were becoming frightfully scarce, and even the wealthiest began to be pinched for necessaries of life; and over all brooded the dread53 cloud of a speedy evacuation of the city.
Every day saw brigades double-quicking back and forth100 through the suburbs; the continuous scream of steam-whistles told of movement, here and there; and every indication showed that the numbers of men were inadequate101 to man the vast extent of the lines. As the spring opened, this became more and more apparent. There was no general attack, but a few brigades would be thrown against some ill-defended work here; and almost simultaneously102 the undefended lines there would have a force hurled103 against them. It almost seemed that the enemy, aware of our weakness, was determined104 to wear out our men by constant action, before he struck his heavy blow. How dear the wearied, starving men made these partial attacks cost him, already his own reports have told.
March came, and with it, orders to remove all government property that could possibly be spared from daily need. First the archives and papers went; then the heavier stores, machinery105 and guns, and supplies not in use; then the small reserve of medical stores was sent to Danville, or Greensboro. And, at last, the already short supplies of commissary stores were lessened106 by removal—and the people knew their Capital was at last to be given up!
The time was not known—some said April, some the first of May; but the families of the President and Cabinet had followed the stores; the female Department clerks had been removed to Columbia—and there was no doubt of the fact. After four years of dire endeavor and unparalleled endurance, the Capital of the South was lost!
In their extremity the people said little, but hope left them utterly. In the army or out, there were few, indeed—and no Virginians—but believed the cause was lost when the army marched away.
Richmond was Virginia—was the cause!
With Sherman already in possession of Charleston and Savannah, and the army unable to do aught but retreat sullenly before him—with Virginia gone, and the Confederacy narrowed down to North Carolina, a strip of Alabama and the trans-Mississippi—what hope was left?
After General Johnston had been relieved at Atlanta, the Department had managed, on one reason or another, to shelve him until now. The public voice was loudly raised against the injustice107 done the man they admired most of all the bright galaxy108 of the South; and even Congress woke from its stupor109 long enough to demand for the great soldier a place to use his sword. This was in January; but still the government did not respond, and it was not until the 23d February that he was restored to command. Then—with the shattered remnant of his army, augmented110, but not strengthened by the fragments of flying garrisons—he could only fall back before the victorious111 progress of that "Great March" he might effectually have checked, on its threshold at Atlanta.
Deep gloom—thick darkness that might be felt—settled upon the whole people. Hope went out utterly, and despair—mingled with rage and anguish112 as the news from the "Great March" came in—took its place in every heart. But in every heart there was bitter sorrow, humiliation—but no fear. As Richmond became more and more empty, and the time to abandon her drew nearer and nearer, her people made what provision they might to meet the enemy they had scorned so long. One class and one alone, showed any sign of fear—the human vultures so long fattened113 on the dead and dying—the speculators.
With every preparation long since made for the event—with cellars and attics114 stored with tobacco and other merchandise—with Confederate blood-money converted into gold—these Shylocks now shivered in anticipation115 of the coming greenbacks, for abject116 dread of the bluebacks that were to bring them. There is one gleam of satisfaction through the gloom of the great fire—it partly purified the city of these vermin and the foul117 nests they had made themselves.
All seemed ready during March, and the people watched every movement, listened for every sound, that might indicate actual evacuation. Each morning the city rose from its feverish sleep, uncertain whether, or not, the army had withdrawn118 in the stillness of the night.
During all this fitful suspense119 there was no general fight along the lines, and from time to time hope would flicker120 up, and for the moment throw the shadows into shape of a possible victory—a saving blow for the storm-racked ship of state, now her decks had been cleared for desperate action. Then it would down, down again, lower than before.
With the end of March the enemy made new combinations. His whole disjointed attacks had been against the South Side road, the main artery121 of supply and retreat. He had ceased organized attacks on the works, and sought only to strike the communications. Now, Sheridan, with a formidable force, was sent to Five Forks; and Richmond heard, on the first day of April, of desperate fighting between him and Pickett.
Next morning, the 2d April, rose as bright a Sunday as had shone in all Richmond that spring. The churches were crowded, and plainly-dressed women—most of them in mourning—passed into their pews with pale, sad faces, on which grief and anxiety had both set their handwriting. There were few men, and most of these came in noisily upon crutches122, or pale and worn with fever.
It was no holiday gathering64 of perfumed and bedizened godliness, that Sunday in Richmond. Earnest men and women had come to the house of God, to ask His protection and His blessing123, yet a little longer, for the dear ones that very moment battling so hotly for the worshipers.
In the midst of a prayer at Dr. Hoge's church, a courier entered softly, and advancing to Mr. Davis, handed him a telegram. Noiselessly, and with no show of emotion, Mr. Davis left the church, followed by a member of his staff. A moment after another quietly said a few words to the minister; and then the quick apprehensions124 of the congregation were aroused. Like an electric shock they felt the truth, even before Dr. Hoge stopped the services and informed them that Richmond would be evacuated125 that night; and counseled they had best go home and prepare to meet the dreadful to-morrow. The news spread like wildfire. Grant had struck that Sunday morning—had forced the lines, and General Lee was evacuating126 Petersburg!
The day of wrath had come.
Hastily the few remaining necessaries of the several departments were packed, and sent toward Danville, either by railroad or wagon127. Ordnance supplies, that could not be moved, were rolled into the canal; commissary stores were thrown open, and their hoarded128 contents distributed to the eager crowds. And strange crowds they were. Fragile, delicate women staggered under the heavy loads they bore to suffering children at home; the pale wife clutched hungrily at the huge ham, or the bag of coffee, for the wounded hero, pining at home for such a delicacy129. Children were there with outstretched hands, crying for what they could carry; and hoary-headed men tugged130 wearily at the barrels of pork, flour, or sugar they strove to roll before their weak arms.
Later in the evening, as the excitement increased, fierce crowds of skulking131 men, and coarse, half-drunken women, gathered before the stores. Half-starved and desperate, they swore and fought among themselves over the spoils they seized. Orders had been given to destroy the whisky at once; but, either from lingering tenderness, or from the hurry of the movement, they were only partially132 obeyed.
Now the uncontrolled swarms133 of men and women—especially the wharf134 rats at Rockett's where the navy storehouses were—seized the liquor and became more and more maddened by it. In some places where the barrels were stove, the whisky ran in the gutters135 ankle deep; and here half-drunken women, and children even, fought, to dip up the coveted fluid in tin pans, buckets, or any vessel136 available.
Meanwhile, preparation went on rapidly; the President and Cabinet left for the South—General Breckinridge, Secretary of War, alone remaining to direct the details of evacuation. Everything was ready for the few remaining troops to withdraw, leaving the works on the northern side of the James unoccupied, before daylight. Then the officer with the burning party went his rounds, putting the torch to every armory137, machine-shop and storehouse belonging to the Government. By midnight these had begun to burn briskly; one lurid138 glare shot upward to the sky, from the river; then another and another. The gunboats had been fired, and their crews, passing to the shore equipped for camp, followed the line of the retreating army up the river bank.
Who, that was in it, will ever forget that bitter night? Husbands hastily arranged what plans they might, for the safety of families they were forced to leave behind; women crept out into the midnight, to conceal139 the little jewelry140, money or silver left them, fearing general sack of the city and treachery of even the most trusted negroes. For none knew but that a brutal141 and drunken mob might be let loose upon the hated, long-coveted Capital, in their power at last! None knew but that the black rule of Butler might be re-enacted—excelled; and women—who had sat calm and restful, while the battle of Seven Pines and the roar of Seven Days, and the later Cold Harbor, shook their windows—now broke down under that dreadful parting with the last defenders142 of their hearths143! Death and flame they had never blanched144 before; but the nameless terrors of passing under the Yankee yoke145 vanquished146 them now.
Pitiful were leave-takings of fathers with their children, husbands with new-made brides, lovers with those who clung to them in even greater helplessness. Ties welded in moments of danger and doubt—in moments of pleasure, precious from their rarity—all must be severed147 now, for none knew how long—perhaps forever! For man, nor woman, might pierce the black veil before the future. Only the vague oppression was there, that all was over at last; that days to come might mean protracted148, bloody mountain warfare—captivity, death, separation eternal!
So men went forth into the black midnight, to what fate they dreamed not, leaving those loved beyond self to what fate they dared not dream!
But even in that supreme149 hour—true to her nature and true to her past—the woman of Richmond thought of her hero-soldier; not of herself. The last crust in the home was thrust into his reluctant hand; the last bottle of rare old wine slyly slipped into his haversack. Every man in gray was a brother-in-heart to every woman that night!
Long after midnight, I rode by a well-remembered porch, where all that was brightest and gayest of Richmond's youth had passed many happy hours. There was Styles Staple150; his joyous face clouded now, his glib151 tongue mute—with two weeping girls clinging to his hands. Solemnly he bent152 down; pressed his lips to each pure forehead, in a kiss that was a sacrament—threw himself into their mother's arms, as she had been his own as well; then, with a wrench153, broke away and hurled himself into saddle. There was a black frown on Staple's face, as he rode up by me; and I heard a sound—part sob154; more heart-deep oath—tear out of his throat. If the Recording155 Angel caught it, too, I dare swear there was no record against him for it, when—thirty hours later—he answered to his name before the Great Roll-Call! For no more knightly156 lips will ever press those pure brows; no more loyal soul went to its rest, out of that dire retreat.
Two hours after midnight, all was ready; and all was still, save the muffled157 roll of distant wagons158 and, here and there, the sharp call of a bugle159. Now and again, the bright glare, above the smoke round the whole horizon, would pale before a vivid, dazzling flash; followed by swaying tremble of the earth and a roar, hoarsely160 dull; and one more ship of the little navy was a thing of the past.
Later still came to the steady tramp of soldiers—to be heard for the last time in those streets, though its echo may sound down all time! The last scene of the somber161 drama had begun; and the skeleton battery-supports filed by like specters, now in the gloom, now in the glare of one of the hundred fires. No sound but the muffled word of command came from their ranks; every head was bowed and over many a cheek—tanned by the blaze of the fight and furrowed162 by winter night-watches—the first tear it had ever known rolled noiselessly, to drop in the beloved dust they were shaking from their feet.
Next came gaunt men, guiding half-starved horses that toiled163 along with rumbling164 field-pieces; voiceless now and impotent, as once, to welcome the advancing foe165. And finally the cavalry166 pickets came in, with little show of order; passed across the last bridge and fired it behind them. Over its burning timbers rode General Breckinridge and his staff;—the last group of Confederates was gone;—Richmond was evacuated!
Dies ir?—dies illa!
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1
sketches
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| n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概 | |
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memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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lasting
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| adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持 | |
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4
defense
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| n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩 | |
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assailed
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| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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sleepless
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| adj.不睡眠的，睡不著的，不休息的 | |
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7
onsets
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| 攻击，袭击（onset的复数形式） | |
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sullenly
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| 不高兴地，绷着脸，忧郁地 | |
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trenches
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| 深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕 | |
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homely
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| adj.家常的，简朴的；不漂亮的 | |
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steadily
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| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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punctuated
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| v.（在文字中）加标点符号，加标点( punctuate的过去式和过去分词 )；不时打断某事物 | |
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frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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infancy
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| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
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platitudes
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| n.平常的话，老生常谈，陈词滥调( platitude的名词复数 )；滥套子 | |
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coveted
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| adj.令人垂涎的；垂涎的，梦寐以求的v.贪求，觊觎(covet的过去分词)；垂涎；贪图 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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lessening
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| 减轻，减少，变小 | |
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rumor
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| n.谣言，谣传，传说 | |
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rumored
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| adj.传说的，谣传的v.传闻( rumor的过去式和过去分词 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷 | |
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evacuate
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| v.遣送；搬空；抽出；排泄；大(小)便 | |
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sever
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| v.切开，割开；断绝，中断 | |
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peremptorily
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| adv.紧急地，不容分说地，专横地 | |
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exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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intervention
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| n.介入，干涉，干预 | |
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30
oracle
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| n.神谕，神谕处，预言 | |
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31
strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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32
overtures
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| n.主动的表示，提议；（向某人做出的）友好表示、姿态或提议( overture的名词复数 )；（歌剧、芭蕾舞、音乐剧等的）序曲，前奏曲 | |
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33
dire
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| adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的 | |
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34
fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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35
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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36
hydra
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| n.水螅；难于根除的祸患 | |
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37
hood
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| n.头巾，兜帽，覆盖；v.罩上，以头巾覆盖 | |
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38
truce
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| n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束 | |
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39
exultation
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| n.狂喜，得意 | |
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40
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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41
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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42
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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43
disastrous
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| adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的 | |
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44
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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45
swoop
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| n.俯冲，攫取；v.抓取，突然袭击 | |
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46
hovered
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| 鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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47
bulwark
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| n.堡垒，保障，防御 | |
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48
joust
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| v.马上长枪比武，竞争 | |
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49
opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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50
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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51
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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52
ordnance
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| n.大炮，军械 | |
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53
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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54
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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55
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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56
pickets
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| 罢工纠察员( picket的名词复数 ) | |
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57
picket
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| n.纠察队；警戒哨；v.设置纠察线；布置警卫 | |
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58
chaff
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| v.取笑，嘲笑；n.谷壳 | |
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59
famished
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| adj.饥饿的 | |
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60
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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61
remitted
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| v.免除（债务），宽恕( remit的过去式和过去分词 )；使某事缓和；寄回，传送 | |
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62
joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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63
gatherings
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| 聚集( gathering的名词复数 )； 收集； 采集； 搜集 | |
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64
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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65
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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66
vaulted
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| adj.拱状的 | |
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67
gaily
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| adv.欢乐地，高兴地 | |
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68
curbing
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| n.边石，边石的材料v.限制，克制，抑制( curb的现在分词 ) | |
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69
restive
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| adj.不安宁的，不安静的 | |
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70
pane
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| n.窗格玻璃，长方块 | |
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71
entailed
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| 使…成为必要( entail的过去式和过去分词 )； 需要； 限定继承； 使必需 | |
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72
refreshments
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| n.点心,便餐;(会议后的)简单茶点招 待 | |
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73
pitcher
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| n.(有嘴和柄的)大水罐；(棒球)投手 | |
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74
varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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75
utensils
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| 器具，用具，器皿( utensil的名词复数 )； 器物 | |
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76
tinge
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| vt.(较淡)着色于，染色；使带有…气息；n.淡淡色彩，些微的气息 | |
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77
bilious
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| adj.胆汁过多的；易怒的 | |
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78
juvenile
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| n.青少年，少年读物；adj.青少年的，幼稚的 | |
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79
belle
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| n.靓女 | |
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80
champagne
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| n.香槟酒；微黄色 | |
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81
clatter
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| v./n.(使)发出连续而清脆的撞击声 | |
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82
enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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83
chivalry
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| n.骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤 | |
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84
primitive
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|
| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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85
theatricals
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| n.（业余性的）戏剧演出，舞台表演艺术；职业演员；戏剧的( theatrical的名词复数 )；剧场的；炫耀的；戏剧性的 | |
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86
tableaux
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| n.舞台造型，（由活人扮演的）静态画面、场面；人构成的画面或场景( tableau的名词复数 )；舞台造型；戏剧性的场面；绚丽的场景 | |
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87
contemptible
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|
| adj.可鄙的，可轻视的，卑劣的 | |
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88
impromptu
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| adj.即席的，即兴的；adv.即兴的(地)，无准备的(地) | |
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89
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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90
outrages
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| 引起…的义愤，激怒( outrage的第三人称单数 ) | |
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91
ridicule
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| v.讥讽，挖苦；n.嘲弄 | |
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92
slander
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| n./v.诽谤，污蔑 | |
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93
unities
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| n.统一体( unity的名词复数 )；（艺术等） 完整；（文学、戏剧） （情节、时间和地点的）统一性；团结一致 | |
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94
rumble
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| n.隆隆声；吵嚷；v.隆隆响；低沉地说 | |
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95
peculiar
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|
| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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96
spasm
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| n.痉挛，抽搐；一阵发作 | |
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97
feverish
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| adj.发烧的，狂热的，兴奋的 | |
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98
politic
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| adj.有智虑的；精明的；v.从政 | |
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99
rigor
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| n.严酷，严格，严厉 | |
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100
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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101
inadequate
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| adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的 | |
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102
simultaneously
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| adv.同时发生地，同时进行地 | |
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103
hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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104
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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105
machinery
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| n.(总称)机械，机器；机构 | |
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106
lessened
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| 减少的，减弱的 | |
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107
injustice
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|
| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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108
galaxy
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| n.星系；银河系；一群(杰出或著名的人物) | |
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109
stupor
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| v.昏迷；不省人事 | |
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110
Augmented
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| adj.增音的 动词augment的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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111
victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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112
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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113
fattened
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| v.喂肥( fatten的过去式和过去分词 )；养肥（牲畜）；使（钱）增多；使（公司）升值 | |
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114
attics
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| n. 阁楼 | |
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115
anticipation
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| n.预期，预料，期望 | |
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116
abject
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| adj.极可怜的，卑屈的 | |
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117
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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118
withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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119
suspense
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| n.（对可能发生的事）紧张感，担心，挂虑 | |
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120
flicker
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| vi./n.闪烁，摇曳，闪现 | |
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121
artery
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| n.干线，要道；动脉 | |
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122
crutches
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| n.拐杖, 支柱 v.支撑 | |
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123
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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124
apprehensions
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| 疑惧 | |
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125
evacuated
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| 撤退者的 | |
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126
evacuating
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| 撤离，疏散( evacuate的现在分词 )； 排空（胃肠），排泄（粪便）； （从危险的地方）撤出，搬出，撤空 | |
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127
wagon
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| n.四轮马车，手推车，面包车；无盖运货列车 | |
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128
hoarded
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| v.积蓄并储藏（某物）( hoard的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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129
delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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130
tugged
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| v.用力拉，使劲拉，猛扯( tug的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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131
skulking
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| v.潜伏，偷偷摸摸地走动，鬼鬼祟祟地活动( skulk的现在分词 ) | |
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132
partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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133
swarms
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| 蜂群，一大群( swarm的名词复数 ) | |
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134
wharf
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| n.码头，停泊处 | |
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135
gutters
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| （路边）排水沟( gutter的名词复数 )； 阴沟； （屋顶的）天沟； 贫贱的境地 | |
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136
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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137
armory
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| n.纹章，兵工厂，军械库 | |
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138
lurid
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| adj.可怕的；血红的；苍白的 | |
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139
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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140
jewelry
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| n.（jewllery）（总称）珠宝 | |
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141
brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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142
defenders
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| n.防御者( defender的名词复数 )；守卫者；保护者；辩护者 | |
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143
hearths
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| 壁炉前的地板，炉床，壁炉边( hearth的名词复数 ) | |
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144
blanched
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| v.使变白( blanch的过去式 )；使（植物）不见阳光而变白；酸洗（金属）使有光泽；用沸水烫（杏仁等）以便去皮 | |
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145
yoke
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| n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶 | |
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146
vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制 | |
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147
severed
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| v.切断，断绝( sever的过去式和过去分词 )；断，裂 | |
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148
protracted
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| adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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149
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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150
staple
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|
| n.主要产物，常用品，主要要素，原料，订书钉，钩环；adj.主要的，重要的；vt.分类 | |
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151
glib
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|
| adj.圆滑的，油嘴滑舌的 | |
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152
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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153
wrench
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| v.猛拧；挣脱；使扭伤；n.扳手；痛苦，难受 | |
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154
sob
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| n.空间轨道的轰炸机；呜咽，哭泣 | |
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155
recording
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| n.录音，记录 | |
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156
knightly
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| adj. 骑士般的 adv. 骑士般地 | |
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157
muffled
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| adj.（声音）被隔的；听不太清的；（衣服）裹严的；蒙住的v.压抑，捂住( muffle的过去式和过去分词 )；用厚厚的衣帽包着（自己） | |
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158
wagons
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| n.四轮的运货马车( wagon的名词复数 )；铁路货车；小手推车 | |
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159
bugle
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| n.军号，号角，喇叭；v.吹号，吹号召集 | |
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160
hoarsely
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| adv.嘶哑地 | |
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161
somber
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| adj.昏暗的，阴天的，阴森的，忧郁的 | |
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162
furrowed
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| v.犁田，开沟( furrow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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163
toiled
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| 长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的过去式和过去分词 )； 艰难缓慢地移动，跋涉 | |
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164
rumbling
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| n. 隆隆声, 辘辘声 adj. 隆隆响的 动词rumble的现在分词 | |
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165
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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166
cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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