The first feat7 mentioned relates that Rodrigo's father, having been insulted by Don Gomez, pined at the thought of leaving this affront8 unavenged, until his son, who had never fought before, volunteered to defend him. Not only did Rodrigo challenge and slay11 Don Gomez, but cutting off his head bore it to his father as a proof that his enemy was dead, a feat which so pleased the old gentleman that he declared Rodrigo should henceforth be head of the family.
After thus signalizing himself, Rodrigo was suddenly called upon to face five Moorish13 kings who had been making sallies into Castile. Not only did he defeat them, but took them prisoners, thereby14 winning from them the title by which he is commonly known, of "The Cid" or "The Lord."
Shortly after this Donna Ximena, daughter of Don Gomez, appeared before King Ferrando demanding satisfaction for her father's death, and consenting to forego revenge only on condition that Rodrigo would marry her. The young hero having assented15, the couple were united in the presence of the king, after which Rodrigo took his beautiful bride to his mother, with whom he left her until he had earned the right to claim her by distinguishing himself in some way.
It seems that Ferrando of Castile was then disputing from the king of Aragon the possession of Calahorra, a frontier town. Both monarchs16 decided18 to settle their difference by a duel19, stipulating20 that the town should belong to the party whose champion triumphed.
Ferrando having selected Rodrigo as his champion, our hero set out to meet his opponent, delaying on the way long enough to rescue a leper from a bog21. Then, placing this unfortunate on his horse before him, Rodrigo bore him to an inn, where, in spite of the remonstrances22 of his followers23, he allowed the leper to share his bed and board. That night, while lying beside his loathsome25 bed-fellow, Rodrigo suddenly felt a cold breath pass through him, and, on investigating, discovered that his companion was gone. He beheld26 in his stead St. Lazarus, who proclaimed that, since Rodrigo had been so charitable, he would meet with prosperity, and might know whenever he felt a cold shiver run down his spine28 that it was an omen29 of success. Thus encouraged, Rodrigo rode on to take part in the duel, but he had been so delayed that the battle call had already sounded, and Alvar Fanez, his cousin, was preparing to fight in his stead. Bidding his cousin step aside, Rodrigo entered the lists, and soon won Calahorra for Ferrando.
Pleased with what Rodrigo had done, the king now showered honors upon him, which so aroused the jealousy31 of the courtiers that they began to conspire32 with the Moors to ruin him. It happened, however, that they addressed their first proposals to the very kings whom Rodrigo had conquered, and who proved loyal enough to send him word of the plot. On discovering the treachery of the courtiers, the king banished34 them, but the wife of Don Garcia pleaded so eloquently35 with the Cid, that he furnished the banished man with letters of introduction to one of the Moorish kings, who, to please his conqueror36, bestowed38 the city of Cabra upon him.
Although treated with such generosity39, Don Garcia proved ungrateful, and even tried to cheat the Moors. Hearing this, the Cid, siding with his former enemies, came into their country to take away from Don Garcia the city which had been allotted40 for his use.
During one of Ferrando's absences from home, the Moors invaded one of his provinces, whereupon Rodrigo, in retaliation41, besieged42 the city of Coimbra. While he was thus engaged his army suffered so much from lack of provisions that it finally seemed as if he would have to give up his undertaking44. But the monks45, who had advised the Cid to besiege43 the city, now came to his rescue, and by feeding his army from their own stores enabled Rodrigo to recover another town from the pagans.
Delighted with this new accession of territory, Ferrando knighted Rodrigo, who meantime had added to his title of the Cid that of Campeador, "the champion," and hereafter was often mentioned as "the one born in a fortunate hour." In addition, the king bestowed upon Rodrigo the governorship of the cities of Coimbra and Zamorra, which were to be reoccupied by Christians47.
Shortly after this, the Pope demanded that Ferrando do homage48 to the empire, but the king rejoined that Spain was independent and therefore refused to obey. Hearing that large forces were marching against him to compel him to submit, Ferrando placed the Cid at the head of an army, and our hero not only defeated the enemy at Tobosa, but won so brilliant a victory that the Pope never ventured to renew his demands.
Feeling death draw near, Ferrando divided his realm between his sons, who became kings of Castile, Leon, and Gallicia, and bestowed upon his daughters the cities of Zamorra and Toro. Although disappointed not to inherit the whole realm, the eldest49 prince, Don Sancho, dared not oppose his father's will, until one of his brothers proceeded to dispossess one of their sisters. Under the plea that the promise made to their father had already been broken, Don Sancho now set out to conquer the whole realm, but proved so unfortunate in his first battle as to fall into his brother's hands. There he would have remained for the rest of his life, had not the Cid delivered him, taken his captor, and confiscated50 his realm in Sancho's behalf. Hearing this, the third king, Alfonso, clamored for his share of his brother's spoil, and, as none was allotted him, declared war in his turn. In this campaign Sancho proved victorious51 only when the Cid fought in his behalf, and the struggle resulted in the imprisonment52 of Alfonso, who would have been slain54 had not his sister asked that he be allowed to enter a monastery55. From there Alfonso soon effected his escape, and hastened to seek refuge among the Moors at Toledo.
Don Sancho, having meantime assumed all three crowns, became anxious to dispossess his sister of Zamorra. But the Cid refused to take part in so unchivalrous a deed, and thereby so angered the king that he vowed56 he would exile him. When the Cid promptly57 rejoined that in that case he would hasten to Toledo and offer his services to Alfonso to help him recover all he had lost, Sancho repented59 and apologized. He did not, however, relinquish60 his project of despoiling61 his sister of Zamorra, but merely dispensed63 the Cid from accompanying him.
Because Zamorra was well defended by Vellido Dolfos,—the princess' captain,—King Sancho was not able to take it. He so sorely beset64 the inhabitants, however, that Vellido Dolfos resolved to get the better of him by strategy. Feigning65 to be driven out of the city, he secretly joined Don Sancho, and offered to deliver the city into his hands if the king would only accompany him to a side gate. Notwithstanding adverse66 omens67, the credulous68 Sancho, believing him, rode off, only to meet his death at the postern gate, inside of which his murderer immediately took refuge.
On learning that his master has been slain, the Cid hastened to avenge10 him, and, as Sancho had left no heir, proclaimed Alfonso his successor. We are told that this young prince had already heard of his brother's death through a message from his sister, and, fearing the Moors would not allow him to depart for good, had merely asked permission to visit his kin4. The wary70 Moorish king consented, but only on condition Alfonso would promise never to attack him or his sons, should he become king.
When Alfonso arrived at Zamorra, all the Spaniards readily did homage to him save the Cid, who refused to have anything to do with him until he had solemnly sworn he had no share in his brother's death. To satisfy the Cid, therefore, Alfonso and twelve of his men took a threefold oath in the church of Burgos; but it is said Alfonso never forgave the humiliation71 which the Cid thus inflicted72 upon him.
The new monarch17 proved to be a wise ruler for the kingdoms of Leon, Castile, Gallicia, and Portugal. He was not without his troubles, however, for shortly after his succession the Cid quarrelled with one of his nobles. Next the Moorish kings became disunited and Alfonso's former host summoned him to his aid. Not only did Alfonso assist this king of Toledo, but invited him into his camp, where he forced him to release him from the promise made on leaving his city. Not daring to refuse while in the power of the Christians, the Moorish king reluctantly consented, and was surprised and delighted to hear Alfonso immediately renew the oath, for, while not willing to be friends with the Moors under compulsion, he had no objection to enter into an alliance with them of his own free will.
Not long after this the king of Navarre sent forth12 his champion to challenge one of Alfonso's, the stake this time being three castles which the Cid won. But the Moors, taking advantage of the Cid's illness which followed this battle, rose up against Alfonso, who was compelled to wage war against them. In this campaign he would have fallen into the enemy's hands had not the Cid risen from his sick-bed to extricate73 him from peril74! By this time the renown75 of the Cid was so great, that people in speaking of him invariably termed him "the Perfect One," thereby arousing such jealousy among the courtiers, that they persuaded Alfonso his subject was trying to outshine him! In anger the king decreed Rodrigo's immediate69 banishment76, and, instead of allowing him the customary thirty days to prepare for departure, threatened to put him to death were he found within the land nine days later! As soon as the Cid informed his friends he was banished, one and all promised to follow wherever he went, as did his devoted77 cousin Alvar Fanez.
It is at this point that the present poem of the Cid begins, for the ballads covering the foregoing part of the Cid's life exist only in a fragmentary state. We are told that the decree of banishment proved a signal for the courtiers to plunder78 the hero's house, and that the Cid gazing sadly upon its ruins exclaimed, "My enemies have done this!" Then, seeing a poor woman stand by, he bade her secure her share, adding that for his part he would henceforth live by pillaging79 the Moors, but that the day would come when he would return home laden80 with honors.
On his way to Burgos the Cid was somewhat cheered by good omens, and was joined by so many knights81 in quest of adventure that no less than sixty banners fluttered behind him. A royal messenger had, however, preceded him to this city, to forbid the people to show him hospitality and to close his own house against him. The only person who dared inform the Cid of this fact was a little maid, who tremblingly reported that he was to be debarred from all assistance.
"O thou that in a happy hour didst gird thee with the sword,
It is the order of the king; we dare not, O my lord!
Sealed with his royal seal hath come his letter to forbid
The Burgos folk to open door, or shelter thee, my Cid.
Our goods, our homes, our very eyes, in this are all at stake;
And small the gain to thee, though we meet ruin for thy sake.
Go, and God prosper27 thee in all that thou dost undertake."[13]
Pausing at the church only long enough to say a prayer, the Cid rode out of the gates of Burgos and camped on a neighboring hill, where his nephew Martin Antolinez brought him bread and wine, declaring he would henceforth share the Cid's fortunes in defiance82 of the king. It was to this relative that the Cid confided83 the fact that he was without funds and must raise enough money to defray present expenses. Putting their heads together, these two then decided to fill two huge chests with sand, and offer them to a couple of Jews in Burgos for six hundred marks, stating the chests contained treasures too heavy and valuable to be taken into exile, and assuring them that, if they solemnly pledged themselves not to open the chests for a year, they could then claim them, provided the Cid had not redeemed86 them in the meanwhile. Trusting to the Cid's word and hoping to enrich themselves by this transaction, the Jews gladly lent the six hundred marks and bore away the heavy chests.
Having thus secured the required supplies, the Cid proceeded to San Pedro de Cardena, where he entrusted87 his wife Ximena and two daughters to the care of the prior, leaving behind him funds enough to defray all their expenses. Then, although parting with his family was as hard as "when a finger-nail is torn from the flesh," the Cid rode away, crossing the frontier just as the nine days ended. He was there greatly cheered by a vision of the angel Gabriel, who assured him all would be well with him.
The prayer was said, the mass was sung, they mounted to depart;
My Cid a moment stayed to press Ximena to his heart:
Ximena kissed his hand, as one distraught with grief was she:
He looked upon his daughters: "These to God I leave," said he;
"Unto our lady and to God, Father of all below;
He knows if we shall meet again:—and now, sirs, let us go."
As when the finger-nail from out the flesh is torn away,
Even so sharp to him and them the parting pang88 that day.
Then to his saddle sprang my Cid, and forth his vassals89 led;
But ever as he rode, to those behind he turned his head.
Entering the land of the Moors with a force of three hundred men, the Cid immediately proceeded to take a castle and to besiege the city of Alcocer. But this town resisted so bravely, that after fifteen weeks the Cid decided to effect by strategy the entrance denied by force. Feigning discouragement, he, therefore, left his camp, whereupon the inhabitants immediately poured out of the city to visit it, leaving the gates wide open behind them. The Cid, who was merely hiding near by, now cleverly cut off their retreat and thus entered Alcocer through wide-open gates.
No sooner did the Moors learn that the Cid had conquered this important place, than they hastened to besiege it, cutting off the water supply, to compel the Christians to come out. To prevent his men from perishing of thirst, the Cid made so vigorous a sortie that he not only drove the enemy away, but captured their baggage, thus winning so much booty that he was able to send thirty caparisoned steeds to Alfonso, as well as rich gifts in money to his wife. In return, the bearer of these welcome tokens was informed by King Alfonso that Rodrigo would shortly be pardoned and recalled.
Meanwhile the Cid, leaving Alcocer, had taken up his abode91 on the hill near Medina, which still bears his name. Thence he proceeded to the forest of Tebar, where he again fought so successfully against the Moors that he compelled the city of Saragossa to pay tribute to him. Rumors93 of these triumphs enticed94 hundreds of Castilian knights to join him, and with their aid he outwitted all the attempts the Moors made to regain95 their lost possessions. We are also told that in one of these battles the Cid took prisoner Don Ramon, who refused to eat until free. Seeing this, the Cid took his sword, Colada, and promised to set him and his kinsmen96 free if they would only eat enough to have strength to depart. Although doubtful whether this promise would be kept, Don Ramon and his follows partook of food and rode away, constantly turning their heads to make sure that they were not pursued.
He spurred his steed, but, as he rode, a backward glance he bent97,
Still fearing to the last my Cid his promise would repent58:
A thing, the world itself to win, my Cid would not have done:
No perfidy98 was ever found in him, the Perfect One.
As some of his subjects were sorely persecuted99 by the Moors, Alfonso now sent word to the Cid to punish them, a task the hero promised to perform, provided the king would pledge himself never again to banish33 a man without giving him thirty days' notice, and to make sundry100 other wise reforms in his laws. Having thus secured inestimable boons101 for his fellow-countrymen, the Cid proceeded to besiege sundry Moorish castles, all of which he took, winning thereby much booty. Having thus served his monarch, the Cid was recalled in triumph to Castile, where he was told to keep all he had won from the Moors. In return the Cid helped Alfonso to secure Toledo, seeing the king with whom this king had sworn alliance was now dead. It was while the siege of this city was taking place that Bishop102 Jerome was favored by a vision of St. Isidro, who predicted they would take the city, a promise verified in 1085, when the Cid's was the first Christian banner to float above its walls. Our hero now became governor of this town, but, although he continued to wage war against the Moors, his successes had made the courtiers so jealous that they induced the king to imprison53 Ximena and her daughters.
Perceiving he was no longer in favor at court, the Cid haughtily103 withdrew, and, when Alfonso came down into Valencia, demanding that the cities which had hitherto paid tribute to his subject should now do so to him, the Cid retaliated104 by invading Alfonso's realm. None of the courtiers daring to oppose him, Alfonso had cause bitterly to repent of what he had done, and humbly105 assured his powerful subject he would never molest106 him again. Ever ready to forgive an ungrateful master, the Cid withdrew, and for a time king and subject lived in peace.
Although the Cid had permitted the Moors to remain in the cities he had conquered, they proved rather restive107 under the Christian yoke108, and guided by Abeniaf finally told the Moors in Northern Africa that if they would only cross the sea they would deliver Valencia into their hands. But this conspiracy109 soon became known to the Moors who favored the Cid, and they immediately notified him, holding their town which was in dire110 peril for twelve days.
To keep his promise, Abeniaf finally hauled some of the Moors up over the walls by means of ropes, and the presence of these foes111 in their midst compelled the Moors who favored the Cid to leave the city in disguise, thus allowing Abeniaf and his allies to plunder right and left and even to murder the Moorish king. This done, Abeniaf himself assumed the regal authority, and began to govern the city in such an arbitrary way that he soon managed to offend even his own friends.
Meantime the Moors who had fled rejoined the Cid, and, when they reported what had occurred, Rodrigo wrote to Abeniaf, reproaching him for his treachery and demanding the surrender of the property he had left in town. Because Abeniaf replied that his allies had taken possession of it, the Cid termed him a traitor114 and swore he would secure revenge. Thereupon our hero set out with an army, and, finding himself unable to take the city by assault, began to besiege it, pulling down the houses in the suburbs to secure necessary materials to construct his camp. Then he began a systematic115 attack on the city, mastering one of its defences after another, and carrying on the siege with such vigor90 that he thereby won additional glory. All the Moorish captives taken were sent out through his lines into the open country, where they were invited to pursue their agricultural avocations116, and assured protection, provided they would pay tribute of one-tenth of the produce of their lands.
Meantime the people in the besieged city suffered so sorely from hunger, that they finally sent word they would treat with the Cid if he would allow Abeniaf and his followers to leave the country unharmed. The Cid having consented to this proposal, the invading Moors withdrew to Morocco, whence, however, they soon returned in increased numbers to recapture Valencia and take their revenge upon Abeniaf, who had proved treacherous117 to them too. To check the advance of this foe112, the Cid flooded the country by opening the sluices118 in the irrigation canals, and the invaders119, fancying themselves in danger of drowning, beat a hasty retreat. Because Abeniaf took advantage of these circumstances to turn traitor again, the Cid besieged him in Valencia for nine months, during which the famine became so intense that the inhabitants resorted to all manner of expedients120 to satisfy their hunger.
Throughout this campaign the Cid ate his meals in public, sitting by himself at a high table and assigning the one next him to the warriors121 who won the most distinction in battle. This table was headed by Alvar Fanez, surrounded by the most famous knights. A notorious coward, pretending to have done great deeds, advanced one day to claim a seat among the heroes. Perceiving his intention, the Cid called him to come and sit with him, whereupon the knight46 became so elated that when he again found himself on the field of battle he actually did wonders! Seeing his efforts, the Cid generously encouraged him and, after he had shown himself brave indeed, publicly bade him sit with the distinguished122 knights.
The city of Valencia having finally opened its gates, the Cid marched in with a train of provision-wagons, for he longed to relieve the starving. Then, sending for the principal magistrates123, he expressed commiseration124 for their sufferings, adding that he would treat the people fairly, provided they proved loyal in their turn. But, instead of occupying the city itself, he and the Christians returned to the suburbs, enjoining125 upon the Moorish governor to maintain order among his people, and slay none but Abeniaf, who had proved traitor to all.
Soon after, seeing that the Moors and Christians would never be able to live in peace within the same enclosure, the Cid appointed another place of abode for the Moors. Then he and his followers marched into Valencia, which they proceeded to hold, in spite of sundry attempts on the part of the Moors to recover possession of so important a stronghold.
When the Moorish king of Seville ventured to attack the Cid, he and his thirty thousand men experienced defeat and many of his force were drowned in the river while trying to escape. Such was the amount of spoil obtained in this and other battles, that the Cid was able to make his soldiers rich beyond their dreams, although by this time he had a very large force, for new recruits constantly joined him during his wars with the Moors.
As the Cid had vowed on leaving home never to cut his beard until recalled, he was now a most venerable-looking man, with a beard of such length that it had to be bound out of his way by silken cords whenever he wanted to fight. Among those who now fought in the Cid's ranks was Hieronymo (Jerome), who became bishop of Valencia, and who, in his anxiety to restore the whole land to Christian rule, fought by the Cid's side, and invariably advised him to transform all captured mosques126 into Christian churches.
But lo! all armed from head to heel the Bishop Jerome shows;
He ever brings good fortune to my Cid where'er he goes.
"Mass have I said, and now I come to join you in the fray84;
To strike a blow against the Moor5 in battle if I may,
And in the field win honor for my order and my hand.
It is for this that I am here, far from my native land.
Unto Valencia did I come to cast my lot with you,
All for the longing127 that I had to slay a Moor or two.
And so, in warlike guise113 I come, with blazoned128 shield, and lance,
That I may flesh my blade to-day, if God but give the chance.
Then send me to the front to do the bidding of my heart:
Grant me this favor that I ask, or else, my Cid, we part!"
Now that he had a fixed129 abiding130 place, the Cid bade Alvar Fanez and Martin Antolinez carry a rich present to Don Alfonso, and obtain his permission to bring his wife and daughters to Valencia. The same messengers were also laden with a reward for the Abbot of St. Pedro, under whose protection the Cid's family had taken refuge, and with funds to redeem85 the chests of sand from the Jews at Burgos, begging their pardon for the deception131 practised upon them and allowing them higher interest than they could ever have claimed. Not only did the messengers gallantly132 acquit133 themselves of this embassy, but boasted everywhere of the five pitched battles the Cid had won and of the eight towns now under his sway.
On learning that the Cid had conquered Valencia, Alfonso expressed keen delight, although his jealous courtiers did not hesitate to murmur134 they could have done as well! The monarch also granted permission to Donna Ximena and her daughters to join the Cid, and the three ladies set out with their escorts for Valencia. Nine miles outside this city, the Cid met them, mounted on his steed Bavieca, which he had won from the Moors, and, joyfully135 embracing wife and daughters, welcomed them to Valencia, where from the top of the Alcazar he bade them view the fertile country which paid tribute to him.
But, three months after the ladies' arrival, fifty thousand Moors crossed over from Africa to recover their lost territory. Hearing this, the Cid immediately laid in a stock of provisions, renewed his supplies of ammunition136, and inspected the walls and engines of his towns to make sure they could resist. These preparations concluded, he told his wife and daughters they should now see with their own eyes how well he could fight! Soon after the Moors began besieging137 the city (1102), the Cid arranged that some of his troops should slip out and attack them from behind while he faced them. By this stratagem138 the Moors were caught between opposing forces, and overestimating139 their numbers fled in terror, allowing the Cid to triumph once more, although he had only four thousand men to oppose to their fifty thousand! Thanks to this panic of the Moors the Cid collected such huge quantities of booty, that he was able to send a hundred fully92 equipped horses to King Alfonso, as well as the tent which he had captured from the Moorish monarch. These gifts not only pleased Alfonso, but awed140 and silenced the courtiers, among whom were the Infantes of Carrion141, who deemed it might be well to sue for the Cid's daughters, since the father was able to bestow37 such rich gifts. Having reached this decision, these scheming youths approached the king, who, counting upon his vassals' implicit142 obedience143 to his commands, promised they should marry as they wished.
When the bearers of the Cid's present, therefore, returned to Valencia, they bore a letter wherein Alfonso bade the Cid give his daughters in marriage to the Infantes of Carrion. Although this marriage suited neither the old hero nor his wife, both were far too loyal to oppose the king's wishes, and humbly sent word they would obey.
Then the Cid graciously went to meet his future sons-in-law. They were escorted to the banks of the Tagus by Alfonso himself, who there expressed surprise at the length of the Cid's beard, and seemed awed by the pomp with which he was surrounded, for at the banquet all the chief men ate out of dishes of gold and no one was asked to use anything less precious than silver. Not only did the Cid assure his future sons-in-law that his daughters should have rich dowries, but, the banquet ended, escorted them back to Valencia, where he entertained them royally.
The wedding festivities lasted fifteen days, but even after they were over the Infantes of Carrion tarried in Valencia, thus giving the Cid more than one opportunity to regret having bestowed his daughters' hands upon youths who possessed145 neither courage nor nobility of character. While the young men were still lingering in Valencia, it happened one afternoon—while the Cid lay sleeping in the hall—that a huge lion, kept in the court-yard for his amusement, escaped from its keepers. While those present immediately rushed forward to protect the sleeper146, the Cid's sons-in-law, terrified at the sight of the monster, crept one beneath the hero's couch and the other over a wine-press, thus soiling his garments so he was not fit to be seen. At the lion's roar the Cid awoke. Seeing at a glance what had occurred, he sprang forward, then, laying a powerful hand on the animal's mane, compelled him to follow him out of the hall, and thrust him ignominiously147 back into his cage.
Because the Infantes had so plainly revealed their cowardice148, people made fun of them, until they roused their resentment149 to such an extent that, when the Moors again threatened Valencia, they offered to go forth and defend the Cid. This show of courage simply delighted the old hero, who sallied forth accompanied by both sons-in-law and by the bishop, who was a mighty150 fighter. Although most of the warriors present did wonders on this occasion, the Infantes of Carrion were careful not to run any risk, although one of them purchased a horse which a soldier had won from the Moors, and shamelessly passed it off as his own trophy151. Pleased to think this son-in-law had so distinguished himself, the Cid complimented him after the battle, where he himself had slain so many Moors and won so much booty that he was able to send another princely present to Alfonso. Perceiving they were still objects of mockery among the followers of the Cid, the Infantes now begged permission to take their wives home, although their real intention was to make these helpless girls pay for the insults they had received. Although the Cid little suspected this fact, he regretfully allowed his daughters to depart, and tried to please his sons-in-law by bestowing152 upon them the choice swords, Tizona and Colada, won in the course of his battles against the Moors.
Two days' journey from Valencia the Infantes prepared to carry out the revenge they had planned, but while conferring in regard to its details were overheard by a Moor, who, vowing153 he would have nothing to do with such cowards, left them unceremoniously. Sending on their main troops with a cousin of the girls, Felez Munoz, who served as their escort, the Infantes led their wives into a neighboring forest, where, after stripping them, they beat them cruelly, kicked them with their spurs, and abandoned them grievously wounded and trembling for their lives. When the Infantes rejoined their suite144 minus their wives, Felez Munoz, suspecting something was wrong, rode back hastily, and found his cousins in such a pitiful plight154 that they were too weak to speak. Casting his own cloak about the nearly naked women, he tenderly bore them into a thicket155, where they could lie in safety while he watched over them all night, for he did not dare leave them to go in quest of aid. At dawn he hurried off to a neighboring village and secured help. There, in the house of a kind man, the poor ladies were cared for, while their cousin hastened on to apprise156 the Cid of what had occurred.
Meantime the Infantes had met Alvar Fanez conveying to the king another present, and, on being asked where were their wives, carelessly rejoined they had left them behind. Ill pleased with such a report, Alvar Fanez and his troops hurried back in quest of the ladies, but found nothing save traces of blood, which made them suspect foul157 play. On discovering what had really happened to the Cid's daughters, Alvar Fanez hurried on to deliver the present to the king, and indignantly reported what treatment the Cid's daughters had undergone at the hands of the bridegrooms the king had chosen for them, informing him that since he had made the marriage it behooved158 him to see justice done. Horrified159 on hearing what had occurred, Alfonso summoned the Cortes, sending word to the Cid and to the Infantes to appear before it at Toledo three months hence.
Meantime the Cid, learning what had befallen his poor girls, hastened to them, took them home, and, hearing that the king himself would judge his case, decided to abide160 by the decision of the Cortes. At the end of the third month, therefore, the Cid's followers—who had preceded him—erected in the royal hall at Toledo the ivory seat he had won at Valencia, and Alfonso himself openly declared the Cid quite worthy161 to occupy a throne by his side, seeing no one had ever served him as well as the man whom the courtiers were always trying to belittle162. The day for the solemn session having dawned, the Cid entered the hall, followed by a hundred knights, while the Infantes of Carrion appeared there with equal numbers, being afraid of an attack. When summoned to state his wrongs, the Cid quietly rose from his ivory throne, declaring that, having bestowed upon the Infantes two swords of great price, he demanded their return, since, as they refused to have anything more to do with his daughters, he could no longer consider them his sons. All present were amazed at the mildness of the Cid's speech and at his demanding merely the return of his swords, and the Infantes, glad to be let off so easily, promptly resigned both weapons into the Cid's hand. With his precious swords lying across his lap, the Cid now declared that having also given the Infantes large sums of money he wished those returned also, and, although the young men objected, the court sentenced them to pay the sum the Cid claimed. Both of these demands having been granted, the Cid next required satisfaction for the treatment the Infantes had inflicted upon his daughters, eloquently describing to the Cortes the cruelty and treachery used.
"So please your Grace! once more upon your clemency163 I call;
A grievance164 yet remains165 untold166, the greatest grief of all.
And let the court give ear, and weigh the wrong that hath been done.
I hold myself dishonored by the lords of Carrion.
Redress167 my combat they must yield; none other will I take.
How now, Infantes! what excuse, what answer do ye make?
Why have ye laid my heartstrings bare? In jest or earnest say,
Have I offended you? and I will make amends168 to-day.
"My daughters in your hands I placed the day that forth ye went,
And rich in wealth and honors from Valencia were ye sent.
Why did ye carry with you brides ye loved not, treacherous curs?
Why tear their flesh in Corpes wood with saddle-girths and spurs,
And leave them to the beasts of prey169? Villains170 throughout were ye!
What answer ye can make to this 'tis for the court to see."
When the Cid added that Alfonso was responsible for these unfortunate marriages, the monarch admitted the fact, and asked what the Infantes of Carrion could say in their own defence. Insolently171 they declared the Cid's daughters not worthy to mate with them, stating they had, on the whole, treated them better than they deserved by honoring them for a time with their attentions.
Had not the Cid forbidden his followers to speak until he granted permission, these words would have been avenged9 almost as soon as uttered. But, forgetting his previous orders, the aged30 Cid now demanded of Pero Mudo (Dumby) why he did not speak, whereupon this hero boldly struck one of the Infantes' party and challenged them all to fight.
Thus compelled to settle the difficulty by a judicial172 duel, the king bade the Infantes and their uncle be ready to meet the Cid's champions in the lists on the morrow. The poem describes the encounter thus:
The marshals leave them face to face and from the lists are gone;
Here stand the champions of my Cid, there those of Carrion;
Each with his gaze intent and fixed upon his chosen foe,
Their bucklers braced173 before their breasts, their lances pointing low,
Their heads bent down, as each man leans above his saddle-bow.
Then with one impulse every spur is in the charger's side,
And earth itself is felt to shake beneath their furious stride;
Till, midway meeting, three with three, in struggle fierce they lock,
While all account them dead who hear the echo of the shock.
The cowardly Infantes, having been defeated, publicly confessed themselves in the wrong, and were ever after abhorred174, while the Cid returned to Valencia with the spoils wrung175 from his adversaries176, and proudly presented to his wife and daughters the three champions who had upheld their cause.
He who a noble lady wrongs and casts aside—may he
Meet like requital177 for his deeds, or worse, if worse there be.
But let us leave them where they lie—their meed is all men's scorn.
Turn we to speak of him that in a happy hour was born.
Valencia the Great was glad, rejoiced at heart to see
The honoured champions of her lord return in victory.
Shortly after this the Cid's pride was further salved by proposals of marriage from the princes of Aragon and Navarre, and thus his descendants in due time sat upon the thrones of these realms.
And he that in a good hour was born, behold178 how he hath sped!
His daughters now to higher rank and greater honor wed24:
Sought by Navarre and Aragon for queens his daughters twain;
And monarchs of his blood to-day upon the thrones of Spain.
Five years now elapsed during which the Cid lived happy, honored by all and visited by embassies even from distant Persia. But the Cid was now old and felt his end near, for St. Peter visited him one night and warned him that, although he would die in thirty days, he would triumph over the Moors even after life had departed.
This assurance was most comforting, for hosts of Moors had suddenly crossed the seas and were about to besiege Valencia. Trusting in St. Peter's warning, the Cid made all his preparations for death, and, knowing his followers would never be able to hold the city after he was gone, bade them keep his demise179 secret, embalm180 his body, bind181 it firmly on his steed Bavieca, and boldly cut their way out of the city with him in their van.
Just as had been predicted, the Cid died on the thirtieth day after his vision, and, his corpse182 having been embalmed183 as he directed, his followers prepared to leave Valencia. To the amazement184 of the Moors, the gates of the city they were besieging were suddenly flung open wide, and out sallied the Christians with the Cid in their midst. The mere62 sight of this heroic leader caused such a panic, that the little troop of six hundred Christian knights safely conveyed their dead chief and his family through the enemy's serried185 ranks to Castile. Other detachments led by the bishop and Gil Diaz then drove these Moors back to Africa after securing immense spoil.
Seeing Valencia abandoned, the Moors whom the Cid had established without the city returned to take possession of their former houses, on one of which they discovered an inscription186 stating that the Cid Campeador was dead and would no longer dispute possession of the city.
Meantime the funeral procession had gone on to the Monastery of St. Pedro de Cardena, where the Cid was buried, as he requested, and where his marvellously preserved body sat in his ivory throne ten years, before it was placed in its present tomb.
For two years and a half the steed Bavieca was reverently187 tended by the Cid's followers, none of whom, however, ever presumed to bestride him. As for Ximena, having mounted guard over her husband's remains four years, she finally died, leaving grandchildren to rule over Navarre and Aragon.
And so his honor in the land grows greater day by day.
Upon the feast of Pentecost from life he passed away.
For him and all of us the Grace of Christ let us implore188.
And here ye have the story of my Cid Campeador.
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1
compilation
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| n.编译，编辑 | |
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ballads
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| 民歌，民谣，特别指叙述故事的歌( ballad的名词复数 )； 讴 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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kin
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| n.家族，亲属，血缘关系；adj.亲属关系的，同类的 | |
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moor
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| n.荒野，沼泽；vt.(使)停泊；vi.停泊 | |
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moors
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| v.停泊，系泊（船只）( moor的第三人称单数 ) | |
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feat
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| n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的 | |
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affront
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| n./v.侮辱，触怒 | |
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avenged
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| v.为…复仇，报…之仇( avenge的过去式和过去分词 )；为…报复 | |
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avenge
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| v.为...复仇，为...报仇 | |
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slay
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| v.杀死，宰杀，杀戮 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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moorish
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| adj.沼地的，荒野的，生[住]在沼地的 | |
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14
thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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assented
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| 同意，赞成( assent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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monarchs
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| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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18
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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19
duel
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| n./v.决斗；(双方的)斗争 | |
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20
stipulating
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| v.（尤指在协议或建议中）规定，约定，讲明（条件等）( stipulate的现在分词 )；规定，明确要求 | |
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21
bog
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| n.沼泽；室...陷入泥淖 | |
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remonstrances
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| n.抱怨，抗议( remonstrance的名词复数 ) | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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24
wed
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| v.娶，嫁，与…结婚 | |
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25
loathsome
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| adj.讨厌的，令人厌恶的 | |
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26
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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27
prosper
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| v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣 | |
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28
spine
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| n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊 | |
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29
omen
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| n.征兆，预兆；vt.预示 | |
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30
aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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31
jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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32
conspire
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| v.密谋，（事件等）巧合，共同导致 | |
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33
banish
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| vt.放逐，驱逐；消除，排除 | |
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34
banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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35
eloquently
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| adv. 雄辩地(有口才地, 富于表情地) | |
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36
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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37
bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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38
bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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39
generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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40
allotted
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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41
retaliation
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| n.报复，反击 | |
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42
besieged
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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43
besiege
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| vt.包围，围攻，拥在...周围 | |
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44
undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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45
monks
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| n.修道士，僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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46
knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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47
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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48
homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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49
eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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50
confiscated
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| 没收，充公( confiscate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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51
victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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52
imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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53
imprison
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| vt.监禁，关押，限制，束缚 | |
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54
slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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55
monastery
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| n.修道院，僧院，寺院 | |
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56
vowed
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| 起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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57
promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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58
repent
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| v.悔悟，悔改，忏悔，后悔 | |
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59
repented
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| 对（自己的所为）感到懊悔或忏悔( repent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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60
relinquish
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| v.放弃，撤回，让与，放手 | |
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61
despoiling
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| v.掠夺，抢劫( despoil的现在分词 ) | |
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62
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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63
dispensed
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| v.分配( dispense的过去式和过去分词 )；施与；配（药） | |
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64
beset
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| v.镶嵌；困扰，包围 | |
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65
feigning
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| 假装，伪装( feign的现在分词 )； 捏造（借口、理由等） | |
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66
adverse
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| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
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67
omens
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| n.前兆，预兆( omen的名词复数 ) | |
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68
credulous
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| adj.轻信的，易信的 | |
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69
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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70
wary
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| adj.谨慎的，机警的，小心的 | |
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71
humiliation
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| n.羞辱 | |
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72
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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73
extricate
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| v.拯救，救出；解脱 | |
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74
peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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75
renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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76
banishment
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| n.放逐，驱逐 | |
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77
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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78
plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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79
pillaging
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| v.抢劫，掠夺( pillage的现在分词 ) | |
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80
laden
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| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
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81
knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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82
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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83
confided
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| v.吐露（秘密，心事等）( confide的过去式和过去分词 )；（向某人）吐露（隐私、秘密等） | |
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84
fray
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| v.争吵；打斗；磨损，磨破；n.吵架；打斗 | |
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85
redeem
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| v.买回，赎回，挽回，恢复，履行（诺言等） | |
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86
redeemed
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| adj. 可赎回的，可救赎的 动词redeem的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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87
entrusted
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| v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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88
pang
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| n.剧痛，悲痛，苦闷 | |
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89
vassals
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| n.奴仆( vassal的名词复数 )；（封建时代）诸侯；从属者；下属 | |
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90
vigor
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| n.活力，精力，元气 | |
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91
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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92
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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93
rumors
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| n.传闻( rumor的名词复数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷v.传闻( rumor的第三人称单数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷 | |
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94
enticed
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| 诱惑，怂恿( entice的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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95
regain
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| vt.重新获得，收复，恢复 | |
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96
kinsmen
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| n.家属，亲属( kinsman的名词复数 ) | |
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97
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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98
perfidy
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| n.背信弃义，不忠贞 | |
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99
persecuted
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| （尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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100
sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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101
boons
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| n.恩惠( boon的名词复数 )；福利；非常有用的东西；益处 | |
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102
bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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103
haughtily
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| adv. 傲慢地, 高傲地 | |
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104
retaliated
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| v.报复，反击( retaliate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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105
humbly
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| adv. 恭顺地，谦卑地 | |
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106
molest
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| vt.骚扰，干扰，调戏 | |
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107
restive
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| adj.不安宁的，不安静的 | |
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108
yoke
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| n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶 | |
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109
conspiracy
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| n.阴谋，密谋，共谋 | |
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110
dire
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| adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的 | |
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111
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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112
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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113
guise
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| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
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114
traitor
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| n.叛徒，卖国贼 | |
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115
systematic
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| adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的 | |
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116
avocations
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| n.业余爱好，嗜好( avocation的名词复数 )；职业 | |
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117
treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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118
sluices
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| n.水闸( sluice的名词复数 )；（用水闸控制的）水；有闸人工水道；漂洗处v.冲洗( sluice的第三人称单数 )；（指水）喷涌而出；漂净；给…安装水闸 | |
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invaders
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| 入侵者，侵略者，侵入物( invader的名词复数 ) | |
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expedients
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| n.应急有效的，权宜之计的( expedient的名词复数 ) | |
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121
warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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122
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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123
magistrates
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| 地方法官，治安官( magistrate的名词复数 ) | |
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124
commiseration
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| n.怜悯，同情 | |
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125
enjoining
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| v.命令( enjoin的现在分词 ) | |
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126
mosques
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| 清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 ) | |
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127
longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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128
blazoned
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| v.广布( blazon的过去式和过去分词 )；宣布；夸示；装饰 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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130
abiding
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| adj.永久的，持久的，不变的 | |
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131
deception
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| n.欺骗，欺诈；骗局，诡计 | |
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132
gallantly
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| adv. 漂亮地，勇敢地，献殷勤地 | |
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133
acquit
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| vt.宣判无罪；(oneself)使(自己)表现出 | |
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134
murmur
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| n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言 | |
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joyfully
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| adv. 喜悦地, 高兴地 | |
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136
ammunition
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| n.军火，弹药 | |
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137
besieging
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的现在分词 ) | |
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138
stratagem
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| n.诡计，计谋 | |
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139
overestimating
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| 对（数量）估计过高，对…作过高的评价( overestimate的现在分词 ) | |
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awed
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| adj.充满敬畏的，表示敬畏的v.使敬畏，使惊惧( awe的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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141
carrion
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| n.腐肉 | |
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142
implicit
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| a.暗示的，含蓄的，不明晰的，绝对的 | |
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143
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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suite
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| n.一套(家具)；套房；随从人员 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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sleeper
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| n.睡眠者，卧车，卧铺 | |
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ignominiously
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| adv.耻辱地，屈辱地，丢脸地 | |
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cowardice
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| n.胆小，怯懦 | |
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resentment
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| n.怨愤，忿恨 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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trophy
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| n.优胜旗，奖品，奖杯，战胜品，纪念品 | |
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152
bestowing
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| 砖窑中砖堆上层已烧透的砖 | |
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153
vowing
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| 起誓，发誓（vow的现在分词形式） | |
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plight
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| n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定 | |
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thicket
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| n.灌木丛，树林 | |
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156
apprise
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| vt.通知，告知 | |
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157
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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158
behooved
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| v.适宜( behoove的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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159
horrified
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| a.(表现出)恐惧的 | |
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160
abide
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| vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受 | |
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161
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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162
belittle
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| v.轻视，小看，贬低 | |
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163
clemency
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| n.温和，仁慈，宽厚 | |
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164
grievance
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| n.怨愤，气恼，委屈 | |
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165
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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166
untold
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| adj.数不清的，无数的 | |
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167
redress
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| n.赔偿，救济，矫正；v.纠正，匡正，革除 | |
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amends
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| n. 赔偿 | |
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169
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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170
villains
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| n.恶棍( villain的名词复数 )；罪犯；（小说、戏剧等中的）反面人物；淘气鬼 | |
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insolently
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| adv.自豪地，自傲地 | |
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172
judicial
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| adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的 | |
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173
braced
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| adj.拉牢的v.支住( brace的过去式和过去分词 )；撑牢；使自己站稳；振作起来 | |
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174
abhorred
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| v.憎恶( abhor的过去式和过去分词 )；（厌恶地）回避；拒绝；淘汰 | |
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175
wrung
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| 绞( wring的过去式和过去分词 )； 握紧（尤指别人的手）； 把（湿衣服）拧干； 绞掉（水） | |
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176
adversaries
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| n.对手，敌手( adversary的名词复数 ) | |
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177
requital
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| n.酬劳；报复 | |
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178
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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179
demise
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| n.死亡；v.让渡，遗赠，转让 | |
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180
embalm
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| v.保存（尸体）不腐 | |
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181
bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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182
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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183
embalmed
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| adj.用防腐药物保存（尸体）的v.保存（尸体）不腐( embalm的过去式和过去分词 )；使不被遗忘；使充满香气 | |
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184
amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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185
serried
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| adj.拥挤的；密集的 | |
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186
inscription
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| n.（尤指石块上的）刻印文字，铭文，碑文 | |
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187
reverently
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| adv.虔诚地 | |
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188
implore
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| vt.乞求，恳求，哀求 | |
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