So many versions of the tale have been written by poets of different nationalities and different ages—all of whom have added characteristic touches to the story—that, instead of following the text of any one particular version, a general outline of the two principal Holy Grail legends will be given here. Although all the poets do not mention the origin of the Holy Grail, or sacred vessel2, a few trace its history back to the very beginning. They claim that when Lucifer stood next to the Creator, or Father, in the heavenly hierarchy3, the other angels presented him with a wonderful crown, whose central jewel was a flawless emerald of unusual size.
The advent4 of the Son, relegating5 Lucifer to the third instead of the second place, occasioned his apostasy6, which, as Milton explains, was followed by war in heaven and by the expulsion of the rebel angels. During his fall from the heights of heaven to the depths of hell, the emerald, dropping out of Satan's crown, fell upon earth. There it was fashioned into the cup or dish which Our Lord used during the Last Supper, and in which Joseph of Arimathea caught a few drops of blood which flowed from His side. After the Crucifixion the Jews walled Joseph alive in a prison, where he was sustained in good health and spirits by the Holy Grail, which he had taken with him. In this prison Joseph lingered until Vespasian, hearing the story of Christ's passion, sent messengers to Palestine for relics8, hoping they might cure his son Titus of leprosy. Restored to health by the sight of St. Veronica's handkerchief,—which had wiped away the bloody9 sweat from Our Lord's brow and bore the imprint10 of his feature,—Titus proceeded to Jerusalem, where he summoned the Jews to produce the body of Christ. Not being able to comply, they accused Joseph of having stolen it. Thereupon Titus, continuing his investigations11, found Joseph alive and well in the prison where he was supposed to have perished. Free once more, yet dreading12 further persecution13, Joseph embarked14, with his sister and brother-in-law Brons, in a vessel bound for Marseilles, the Holy Grail supplying all their needs during the journey. On landing in France, Joseph was divinely instructed to construct a table, around which he and his companions could be seated, and where the Holy Grail supplied each guest with the food he preferred. But one seat at this table, in memory of Judas, was to remain empty until a sinless man came to occupy it. A sinner, once attempting to seat himself in it, was swallowed up by the earth, and Joseph was informed that the enchanter Merlin would in time make a similar table, where a descendant of Brons would have the honor of occupying this "Siege Perilous16." From Marseilles, by gradual stages, and meeting with every kind of adventure on the way, Joseph, or his descendants, conveyed the Holy Grail to Glastonbury in England, where it remained visible until people became too sinful for it to dwell any more in their midst. It was then borne off to Sarras, an island city,—presumably located in the Mediterranean,—where, according to one legend King Evelake mounted guard over the treasure.
According to another legend, a pilgrim knight17 laid a golden cross on the Holy Sepulchre, ardently18 praying for a son, whom at his birth he named Titurel and dedicated19 to the service of the Lord. After this Titurel had spent years in warfare20 against the Saracens and in doing good to the poor, an angel announced to him that he had been chosen to guard the Holy Grail, which was about to descend15 once more to earth, and take up its abode21 on Montsalvatch. This vision sufficed to send Titurel off on a quest for the Holy Mountain,—which some authorities identify with the place of the same name on the east coast of Spain,—whither he was safely led by a guiding cloud.
After ascending22 the steep mountain, Titurel was favored with a glimpse of the Holy Grail, and he and a number of knights23—also brought thither24 by miraculous25 means—erected a marvellous temple, whose foundations were laid by the angels, who labored26 at the edifice27 while the volunteer builders were at rest. In a marvellously short time a temple of transcendent beauty was thus finished, and, as soon as it was consecrated28, the Holy Grail stole down from heaven on a beam of celestial29 light, to abide30 in its midst. Titurel, king and guardian31 of the Holy Grail, always presided at the table around which his knights gathered, and where one and all were miraculously32 fed. Besides, there appeared from time to time on the edge of the sacred vase, in letters of fire, instructions bidding a knight go out into the world to defend some innocent person or right some wrong. The Knights of the Holy Grail, or Templars, as they were indifferently styled, then immediately sallied forth33 to fulfil this behest, which according to their vows35 had to be accomplished36 without revealing their name or origin. Once the command was that Titurel should marry, whereupon he wooed a Spanish maiden37, by whom he had a son and daughter. This son, marrying in the same way, had in time two sons and three daughters, one of whom became the mother of Parzival.
Old and weary of reigning38, Titurel finally resigned the care of the Holy Grail, first to his son,—who was slain39 in war,—and then to his grandson Amfortas. But the latter proved restless also, went out into the world, and, instead of serving the Holy Grail, lived a life of pleasure and adventure. Wounded by a thrust from a poisoned lance,—some authors claim it was the one which wounded the Saviour's side,—Amfortas sadly returned to Montsalvatch, where the mere40 thought of the veiled Holy Grail increased his pain by intensifying41 his remorse42. There, one day, he read on the rim7 of the cup, that his wound was destined43 to be healed by a guileless fool, who would accidentally climb the mountain and, moved by sympathy, would inquire the cause of his suffering and thereby44 make it cease.
We have already mentioned the fact that Parzival was a great-grandson of Titurel; his mother, fearing he would die young, like his father, were he to become a knight, brought him up in seclusion45, telling him nothing about knights, fighting, or the world. Straying in the forest one day this youth encountered a couple of knights, whom he mistook for angels, owing to their bright array, and offered to worship. The knights, however, refused his homage46, and good-naturedly advised him to hasten to Arthur's court and learn to become a knight too.
Parzival now left his mother,—who died of grief,—went to court (meeting sundry47 adventures on the way), and there asked to be knighted. He was told, however, he must first procure48 a horse and armor, whereupon he followed and slew49 an insolent50 knight who defied King Arthur. But Parzival did not know how to remove the armor from his dead foe51, until a passing knight obligingly showed him how it was done.
Parzival now spent a time of apprenticeship52 at court where he learned among other things, that a knight should never be unduly53 inquisitive54, then went to the rescue of a persecuted55 and virtuous56 queen, whom he wooed and married. He soon left her, however, to visit his mother, of whose death he was not aware. On his way home Parzival came to a lake, where a richly dressed fisherman informed him he might find a night's lodging57 in the castle on the hill, where he offered to conduct him. Thus Parzival penetrated58 into the castle on Montsalvatch and was duly led into the banqueting hall. Awed59 by the splendor60 of his surroundings, the young candidate for knighthood silently noted61 that his host seemed to be suffering from a secret wound, and perceived that all the other guests were oppressed by overwhelming sadness. Then suddenly the doors opened wide, and a strange procession entered the hall, slowly circled around the table, and again passed out! In this procession marched a servant bearing a bloody lance, at the sight of which all present groaned62, then came maidens63 carrying the stand for the Holy Grail, which was reverently64 brought in by Titurel's grand-daughter. The vase was, however, closely veiled, and it was only after repeated entreaties65 from the knights present that the host unveiled it, uttering the while heart-rending groans66.
All present were now served with the food they most desired, which they ate in silence, and then the knights marched out of the hall, gazing reproachfully at Parzival, who silently wondered what all this might mean. His hunger sated, Parzival was conducted to luxurious68 sleeping apartments, but, when he was ready to leave on the morrow, all the castle seemed deserted69, and it was only when he had crossed the drawbridge and it had been raised behind him, that a harsh voice was heard vehemently70 cursing him. Shortly after, on learning that a sympathetic inquiry71 would have dispelled72 the gloom in the palace, he had just left, Parzival attempted to return, but the mysterious castle was no longer to be found. Such was our hero's remorse for his sin of omission73 that he continued the quest for years, doing meanwhile all manner of noble and heroic deeds. In reward, he was knighted by Arthur himself, and bidden by Merlin occupy "the Siege Perilous" where his name suddenly appeared in letters of gold.
Our version of the story explains that, just as he was about to sit down in the Siege Perilous, the witch Kundrie arrived, and hotly denounced him as an unfeeling wretch74, a sufficient reminder75 to make Parzival immediately renew his quest. Adequate penance76 having been done at last, and the young knight having stood every test without losing his purity, Parzival was finally allowed to atone77 for his unconscious fault. Once more he arrived at the castle, once more entered the banquet hall, and once more beheld78 the mystic procession. Strengthened by silent prayer, Parzival then asked the momentous79 question; whereupon Amfortas' wound was instantly healed, the aged80 Titurel released from the pain of living, Kundrie baptized, and Parzival unanimously hailed as future guardian of the Grail, an office he humbly81 yet proudly assumed.
Another legend claims that his son Lohengrin, ordered by the Holy Grail to go and defend Elsa of Brabant, received from his father a magic horn, by means of which he was to announce his safe arrival at his destination, and to summon help whenever he wished to return. Instead of riding a charger, Lohengrin was conveyed in a swan-drawn82 skiff to Brabant, where he found Elsa praying for a champion to defend her against Frederick of Telramund's accusation83 of having slain her little brother, who had mysteriously disappeared.
Lohengrin, having proved the falsity of the charge by defeating the accuser in a judicial84 duel85, married Elsa, warning her she must never seek to discover his name or origin, under penalty of seeing him depart as suddenly as he had arrived. The machinations of Frederick of Telramund, and of his artful wife, finally drove Elsa to propound86 the fatal question, and, as soon as Lohengrin has sorrowfully answered it, the swan appeared and bore him away! But, as Lohengrin departed, Elsa's brother reappeared to serve as her protector.[32]
This—mostly German—version of the Grail legend—has been used by Wolfram von Eschenbach for a long and famous epic87, and by Wagner for his operas Parzival and Lohengrin. In the French and particularly in the English versions of the Quest for the Holy Grail, or Sangreal, Percival is with the other knights of Arthur's Round Table when they take this vow34. He seeks for it, perceives it through a veil, but never entirely88 achieves the quest, since that privilege is reserved for the peerless Galahad.
The versions of the Holy Grail Story of which Galahad is hero run about as follows: Galahad is the son of Launcelot and Elaine, the latter's nurse having, by means of enchantment90, made her to appear as Guinevere—whom Launcelot loved. Deserted by the accidental father of her coming child, this Elaine—daughter of King Pelles—took refuge in a nunnery, where she gave birth to Galahad, whom when dying she entrusted91 to the nuns92. Brought up by those holy women and strengthened in early infancy93 by frequent glimpses of the Holy Grail,—whose light was blinding to all but the perfectly94 pure,—Galahad reached manhood as pure as when he was born. One day Sir Launcelot and Sir Bors were summoned from Camelot to a small church near by, to act as sponsors for a young candidate for knighthood, who was presented to them by some nuns. Launcelot and Bors, having thus heard Galahad take his vows, were not surprised to see him brought into their midst on a gala day, by Merlin or by the spirit of Joseph, and to hear him warmly welcomed by Arthur. Some versions claim that Galahad, led to the Siege Perilous, found his name miraculously inscribed95 on it in letters of gold, and was told he alone should occupy that place at the Round Table.
According to some accounts, it was while all the knights were thus seated around Arthur's board on this occasion, that the Holy Grail suddenly appeared in their midst, its radiance so veiled by its coverings that one and all vowed96—when it had disappeared—never to rest until they had beheld it unveiled. Arthur, knowing this boon97 would be granted only to the absolutely pure and that they were all but one sinful men in various degrees, keenly regretted they should have made a vow which would entail98 a hopeless quest, and would at the same time leave him bereft99 of the very knights who had hitherto helped him to right the wrong and keep the pagans at bay. The knights hastened to church to receive a blessing100 before they departed, and then went off, singly or in small groups, to seek the Holy Grail.
When Galahad arrived at Arthur's court, he was fully67 armed, save that an empty scabbard hung by his side and that he bore no shield. Soon after his arrival, a servant breathlessly announced he had just seen a large block of stone floating down the river, into which a beautiful sword was thrust to the hilt. On hearing this, Arthur and his knights hurried down to the landing place, but, although the stone paused there, neither the king nor any of the nobles at his court were able to draw out the sword. It became evident it was intended for Galahad only, when he easily drew it out of the stone. It was then, according to this version, that the other knights pledged themselves to go in quest of the Holy Grail. Riding off alone, Galahad came to an abbey, where hung a white shield bearing a red cross, which he learned had once belonged to the king of Sarras, who was converted by Joseph's son. The red cross was drawn with blood, and was to remain undimmed for its future bearer, Galahad.
The young champion, thus completely equipped, rode off and next arrived at the enchanted101 Castle of the Holy Grail. There he saw Titurel, the sleeping king, and Amfortas, the acting102 king, before whom the Grail passed unseen because he had sinned. Silently Galahad watched the mystic procession of bleeding spear, miraculous dish or cup, and Seven-branched Candlesticks. Like Parzival he hesitated to ask any questions, and failed to achieve the Holy Grail, because, although possessing all other virtues103, he could not entirely forget himself for the sake of others and thus lacked true sympathy or altruism104. Thrust out of the Castle—like Parzival—he wandered through a blighted105 country, where he met the Loathley Damsel, who in punishment for her sins was turned loose into the world to work evil to men. She hotly reviled106 Galahad for not having asked the momentous question, and the youth, learning thus in what way he had been wanting, solemnly vowed to return to the castle and atone for his omission.
But meantime the enchanted Castle had vanished, and Galahad, the Champion of Purity,—whose red color he always wears,—travelled through the world, righting the wrong. He arrived thus at the gate of a castle defended by seven knights,—the Seven Deadly Sins,—with whom he struggled to such good purpose that he defeated them, and was free to enter into the Castle of the Maidens, or place where the Active Virtues have long been kept in durance vile89. But, the door still being locked, Galahad was glad to receive the key proffered107 by an old monk108, who, in the legend, personified Righteousness.
Galahad, the emblem109 of a pure soul, now penetrated into the castle, where the maidens blessed him for setting them free, and where he modestly received their thanks. Among these maidens was Lady Blanchefleur, Galahad's match in purity, to whom he bade farewell as soon as their nuptials110 were solemnized, for he realized The Quest could be achieved only by a virgin111 knight.
Once more Galahad rides through the world, and this time he again finds and enters into the castle of the Grail, where he once more beholds112 the Sacred Mysteries. His heart full of sympathy for the suffering Amfortas, he now overlooks the rules of formal politeness in his desire to help, and propounds113 the decisive question. Immediately a refulgent114 light shines forth from the veiled Grail in all its life-giving radiance, and King Amfortas, healed of his sin, and hence able to see the vessel, dies of joy, just as an angel bears the priceless treasure away from the Enchanted Castle, where it is no longer to sojourn115.
Longing116 for the time when he too can see the Grail unveiled, Galahad remounts his milk-white steed and rides through the world, where everybody thanks him for freeing the world of the pall117 of darkness and sin which has rested upon the land ever since Amfortas, titulary guardian of the Holy Grail, sinned so grievously. Riding thus, Galahad comes at last to the sea, where King Solomon's ship awaits him. This vessel has been miraculously preserved for this purpose, and sent here to convey him safely to Sarras, "the spiritual place." It is the present home of the Holy Grail, which had already sojourned there after the death of Joseph of Arimathea.
The ship in which Galahad embarks118 is steered119 by an angel, one of the Guardians120 of the Holy Grail, and the cup it holds, although closely veiled from profane121 glances, casts beams of refulgent light upon Galahad and his companions Sir Percival and Sir Bors. They two, however, not being perfectly pure, cannot clearly distinguish the Grail, whose sight fills the soul of Galahad with ineffable122 rapture123. Before long the ship arrives at Sarras, the fabulous124 city, where Galahad can hang up his sword and shield and take his well-earned rest, for the Quest is at last achieved! The travellers are welcomed by an old man, and, when the king of Sarras dies, the people unanimously elect Galahad their next ruler.
After governing them wisely for a year, Galahad—who prayed in King Solomon's ship that he might pass out of the world whenever he should ask it—begged for the death of the body so he might find the eternal life of the soul.
When he died, the Holy Grail, which had been piously125 guarded in Sarras, returned to heaven, for Galahad's work was finished on earth, as is indicated by the frescos of the Boston library, where angels guard a Golden Tree of achievement whose branches reach right up into heaven.
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1
climax
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| n.顶点；高潮；v.(使)达到顶点 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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hierarchy
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| n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层 | |
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advent
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| n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临 | |
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relegating
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| v.使降级( relegate的现在分词 )；使降职；转移；把…归类 | |
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apostasy
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| n.背教，脱党 | |
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rim
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| n.(圆物的)边，轮缘；边界 | |
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relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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imprint
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| n.印痕，痕迹；深刻的印象；vt.压印，牢记 | |
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investigations
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| （正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究 | |
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dreading
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| v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的现在分词 ) | |
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persecution
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| n. 迫害,烦扰 | |
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embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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ardently
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| adv.热心地，热烈地 | |
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dedicated
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| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
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warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
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labored
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| adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室) | |
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consecrated
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| adj.神圣的，被视为神圣的v.把…奉为神圣，给…祝圣( consecrate的过去式和过去分词 )；奉献 | |
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celestial
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| adj.天体的；天上的 | |
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abide
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| vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受 | |
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guardian
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| n.监护人；守卫者，保护者 | |
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miraculously
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| ad.奇迹般地 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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vow
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| n.誓(言)，誓约；v.起誓，立誓 | |
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vows
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| 誓言( vow的名词复数 )； 郑重宣布，许愿 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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reigning
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| adj.统治的，起支配作用的 | |
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slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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intensifying
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| v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的现在分词 )；增辉 | |
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remorse
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| n.痛恨，悔恨，自责 | |
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destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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seclusion
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| n.隐遁，隔离 | |
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homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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slew
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| v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多 | |
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50
insolent
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| adj.傲慢的，无理的 | |
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foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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apprenticeship
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| n.学徒身份；学徒期 | |
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unduly
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| adv.过度地，不适当地 | |
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inquisitive
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| adj.求知欲强的，好奇的，好寻根究底的 | |
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55
persecuted
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| （尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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57
lodging
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| n.寄宿，住所；(大学生的)校外宿舍 | |
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58
penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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awed
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| adj.充满敬畏的，表示敬畏的v.使敬畏，使惊惧( awe的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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60
splendor
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| n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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groaned
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| v.呻吟( groan的过去式和过去分词 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦 | |
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63
maidens
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| 处女( maiden的名词复数 )； 少女； 未婚女子； （板球运动）未得分的一轮投球 | |
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64
reverently
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| adv.虔诚地 | |
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entreaties
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| n.恳求，乞求( entreaty的名词复数 ) | |
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66
groans
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| n.呻吟，叹息( groan的名词复数 )；呻吟般的声音v.呻吟( groan的第三人称单数 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦 | |
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67
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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69
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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vehemently
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| adv. 热烈地 | |
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71
inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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72
dispelled
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| v.驱散，赶跑( dispel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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73
omission
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| n.省略，删节；遗漏或省略的事物，冗长 | |
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74
wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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75
reminder
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| n.提醒物，纪念品；暗示，提示 | |
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76
penance
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| n.（赎罪的）惩罪 | |
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atone
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| v.赎罪，补偿 | |
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78
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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79
momentous
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| adj.重要的，重大的 | |
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aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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81
humbly
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| adv. 恭顺地，谦卑地 | |
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82
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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accusation
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| n.控告，指责，谴责 | |
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judicial
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| adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的 | |
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85
duel
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| n./v.决斗；(双方的)斗争 | |
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86
propound
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| v.提出 | |
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87
epic
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| n.史诗，叙事诗；adj.史诗般的，壮丽的 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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vile
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| adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的 | |
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90
enchantment
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| n.迷惑，妖术，魅力 | |
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91
entrusted
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| v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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nuns
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| n.（通常指基督教的）修女， （佛教的）尼姑( nun的名词复数 ) | |
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infancy
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| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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inscribed
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| v.写，刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；内接 | |
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vowed
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| 起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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boon
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| n.恩赐，恩物，恩惠 | |
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entail
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| vt.使承担，使成为必要，需要 | |
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99
bereft
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| adj.被剥夺的 | |
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100
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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101
enchanted
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| adj. 被施魔法的，陶醉的，入迷的 动词enchant的过去式和过去分词 | |
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102
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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103
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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104
altruism
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| n.利他主义，不自私 | |
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105
blighted
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| adj.枯萎的，摧毁的 | |
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106
reviled
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| v.辱骂，痛斥( revile的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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107
proffered
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| v.提供，贡献，提出( proffer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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108
monk
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| n.和尚，僧侣，修道士 | |
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109
emblem
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| n.象征，标志；徽章 | |
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110
nuptials
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| n.婚礼；婚礼( nuptial的名词复数 ) | |
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111
virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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112
beholds
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| v.看，注视( behold的第三人称单数 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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113
propounds
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| v.提出（问题、计划等）供考虑[讨论]，提议( propound的第三人称单数 ) | |
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114
refulgent
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| adj.辉煌的，灿烂的 | |
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115
sojourn
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| v./n.旅居，寄居；逗留 | |
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116
longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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117
pall
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| v.覆盖，使平淡无味；n.柩衣，棺罩；棺材；帷幕 | |
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118
embarks
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| 乘船( embark的第三人称单数 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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119
steered
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| v.驾驶( steer的过去式和过去分词 )；操纵；控制；引导 | |
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120
guardians
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| 监护人( guardian的名词复数 )； 保护者，维护者 | |
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121
profane
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| adj.亵神的，亵渎的；vt.亵渎，玷污 | |
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122
ineffable
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| adj.无法表达的，不可言喻的 | |
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123
rapture
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| n.狂喜；全神贯注；着迷；v.使狂喜 | |
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124
fabulous
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| adj.极好的；极为巨大的；寓言中的，传说中的 | |
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125
piously
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| adv.虔诚地 | |
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