It has before been mentioned, that the Sikh entrenchments presented to us a semicircular figure, the rear of their position resting on the re-entering sinuosity of the river. On the left of the enemy's works, a high parapet had been thrown up, and part of this front was protected by a nullah, with a steep bank acting2 as a counterscarp, and the bed of this watercourse was filled, in some places, by deep pools of stagnant3 water, which extended along the centre. On the right flank, the track of the nullah was but faintly marked; and in this[Pg 224] quarter, the works had not been completed, and were not more formidable than the trenches4 at Ferozeshuhur, before described. Batteries were disposed along the face of the entrenchments, and the whole area had been defended with traverses and ditches, which defiladed the garrison5 from a direct fire, in any direction where our guns could be brought to attack. A raised battery of the enemy's heavy guns, placed at the bridge, commanded the approaches, and swept the whole works in reverse. Guns were also placed on the opposite side of the river, which threatened the position, in case of its falling into the hands of the British.
The works were garrisoned7 principally by regular battalions8 of infantry10, whose cantonments consisted of wicker-work huts, behind the parapet along the right.
The British forces advanced to envelop11 these works, one regiment12 being ordered to precede and carry the enemy's main picket13 at the point of the bayonet, when the mortars14 and howitzers, which were to be advanced to the front, were to open on the Sikhs.
[Pg 225]
The cavalry15 formed a wing on each flank of the British attack, to guard against any diversion which might be attempted by the enemy's cavalry, which swarmed16 in incalculable numbers near the fords on the opposite bank of the Sutlej.
As we lay under arms on our allotted17 posts, every ear was intently listening, in expectation of the first boom from the mortars and howitzers, which were to announce the commencement of the work of death.
All awaited in silent and earnest attention the appointed signal, and scarcely the clash of a sabre could be heard which might convey to the enemy's pickets18 an alarm of the approach of the formidable host which were preparing to assail19 the doomed20 garrison. Not even an expiring groan21 or shriek22 had been heard from the Sikh advanced posts, which had been marked for destruction, and we were speculating whether the misty23 appearance round the horizon would be dispelled24 by the increasing light of day, when a flash from our batteries, succeeded by the roar of one of the monster howitzers, and the rushing sound of the hiss[Pg 226]ing mass of iron hurled25 forth26 and bursting over the Sikh entrenchments, was the long-expected herald27 of battle.
Light flashed upon light in regular succession from the batteries, but the fuses of the shells were too short, and they burst high in the air, much to the enemy's comfort. The fire from the howitzers appeared to be more effectual, and we marked them bursting and ricochetting along the entrenchments. Hitherto, not a shot had been returned by the Sikhs, and we almost conjectured28, owing to this unusual silence, that the enemy had either evacuated29 their position, or had lost heart, and resolved to retire. The heavy guns were limbered up, and advanced further to the front, and when daylight began to show with some distinctness the neighbouring objects, our batteries once more opened at a nearer range.
All doubt as to the Sikhs being still in their works was soon cleared up, for no sooner had they felt the weight of our shot, and perceived we were in earnest, than a fierce reply of defiance30 was hurled from every battery, and the stunning[Pg 227] roar of the rival artillery31 rolled in tremendous waves along the plain.
The dense32 clouds of smoke which enveloped33 the front of the contending armies, rolled thicker and thicker, penetrated34 by the angry and rapid flashes from the heavy guns; and as the destroying missiles hissed35 and ricochetted along the hard ground, it appeared wonderful that any were spared from the iron paths of devastation36 torn along the soil in almost every direction.
Our mortars still continued to burst harmlessly in the air, and the Sikh works were so well defiladed from direct or even ricochet fire, that it soon became evident that the enemy would never be driven from his position by a cannonade, which was answered with unabated vigour38. The investing force was therefore ordered to advance to closer quarters, whilst the artillery, which was disposed in positions with each division, covered the approach by an incessant39 cannonade. The centre and right divisions of the British line were intended to engage the enemy's attention, whilst the real[Pg 228] attack was directed against the Sikhs' extreme right, where the entrenchments were known to be weakest, being incomplete. Each brigade moved forwards with alacrity40 to the attack, hastening onwards, under cover of the wreaths of smoke which rolled along their front.
No sooner did the Sikhs perceive that the storm of their works was resolved upon, than the whole of their infantry lined the parapets, and the roll of musketry which tore through our ranks, accompanied by the steady and regular booming of their guns from every battery along their position, seemed to threaten our army with ultimate destruction. Struggling forward a few paces, and then lying down whilst the iron storm swept over them, each brigade continued to advance, including the centre and right, for the enemy's numbers were so great, that he was enabled to maintain the defence of his whole extensive front.
A rolling fire of musketry now burst from the line of British assailants, as they neared the object of attack in sadly diminished numbers, and with numerous breaks, caused by[Pg 229] the obstinate41 and incessant storm of destruction poured from the Sikh batteries and entrenchments.
On the British left the struggle was less fierce, for the Sikhs had most unaccountably placed fewer numbers to defend their weakest points, and the fifth brigade of Sir Robert Dick's division penetrated the enemy's works with trifling42 loss, thus taking the position in reverse. But, in the meantime, each brigade along the line had closed with the entrenchments, marking their advance by a crimsoned43 track of fallen soldiers upon the glacis, where the dead and wounded told an incontrovertible tale of the resolution with which Sobraon had been defended.
On the left centre of the British attack, Lieut.-Col. Franks, of the 10th Foot, had led his regiment to within a distance of about one hundred and fifty yards of the entrenchments, when, reserving their fire, they rushed forwards, and bore down all opposition44, driving before them the Bundookcheras, and using the bayonet with a deadly effect, and such as served to re[Pg 230]fute, for a second time, Colonel Michel's strictures on that incomparable weapon.[52] This advantage being gallantly46 seconded by every brigade in the division, placed the ultimate success of the day beyond a doubt, though it was purchased by the life of their leader, the gallant47 Sir Robert Dick.
On the extreme right of the British attack, the enemy's works had been completed, and more resembled a fortification than a common field-work. The storm of this post had been assigned to Sir Harry48 Smith's division, and to them were opposed the flower of the Sikh army. The resolution with which it was defended was tragically49 proved by the mangled50 and shattered bodies of the assailants strewed51 along the front. Twice had H.M. 31st Regiment nearly surmounted52 the lofty parapets, when they were hurled back by the overpowering weight of the defenders53, and reduced to the mere54 skeleton of a regiment;[53] but the[Pg 231] gallant 50th rushed forwards in support of their old comrades; and these two regiments55, conjointly, overcame every obstacle, and plunged56 amongst the masses of the enemy, where the conflict raged for a time with desperate ferocity.
One of the enemy's howitzers, served with incredible activity, committed dire6 havoc57 amongst the British ranks. Lieut. Smyth, of the 50th Regiment, being on that flank, dashed forward with the remnant of his company to capture the obnoxious58 engine of destruction. When within a few yards' distance, the howitzer was trained upon the intrepid60 assailants, and discharged its murderous contents of grape-shot upon the devoted61 band.
The greater portion of the storming party, including their leader, were swept down by the fire; but the eight or nine men remaining untouched, rushed with irresistible62 fury on the foe63; and the wounded officer, when he arose, found that the shattered remnant of his soldiers had bayoneted the artillerymen beside their howitzer, and repulsed64 the defenders, who ex[Pg 232]ceeded their assailants by at least five to one. I consider this individual instance serves as an illustration of how the enemy were defeated on this as on previous occasions. When a small body of devoted soldiers, careless of life, resolved on victory, and united by the iron bands of discipline, are brought to bear on a portion of an enemy who want confidence in each other, the attack must be successful, although the loss sustained may be severe.
In the meantime, whilst the combat raged with unabated fury at the entrenchments, Gen. Gilbert's division, to whom was allotted the attack of the centre, had been exposed to the fire of the heaviest batteries, and a shower of musketry, which would have staggered and repulsed any but the hardiest65 British veterans. Winning their way gradually, though occasionally wide gaps were torn through the line by the sweeping66 fire from the batteries and parapets, this gallant band at length surmounted the entrenchments, which were as formidable an obstacle as had fallen to any soldier's lot to carry during this campaign. When once[Pg 233] within the works, and the mortal hand-to-hand conflict raged around, the result was no longer doubtful, although the obstinacy67 of the enemy's resistance promised a piteous bill of mortality in this division.
Under General Gilbert's command were the Sirmoor battalion9, which had joined the force at Loodiana, and these fine little Goorkhas gave evidence that they had not degenerated68 in military prowess since the memorable69 Nepaulese war. The corps70 is composed of riflemen, carrying in their girdles a crooked71 knife, (termed a "kookery,") to give the coup-de-grace to the wounded, and they used the hideous72 instrument with unaccountable zeal73 against the Sikhs. As they were known to possess relatives and connexions amongst the Khalsa troops, it had been a matter of doubt with many that their hands would have been amongst the foremost in the field, but the battle-cry roused their hereditary74 ardour, and overcame every other consideration. Their gallant leader, Captain J. Fisher, whose exploits with the rifle are well known to those[Pg 234] who have been his companions in the hunting-fields of the Dhoon,[54] had just surmounted the parapet, when he perceived a battery not sixty yards distant from him, which continued to gall45 the assailants with incessant rounds of grape. Seizing a rifle from the hands of one of his Goorkhas, Fisher rested his arm on the parapet, and the next second pierced with a rifle-ball the artilleryman, who was about to apply the slow match to the touch-hole of a cannon37. Receiving the loaded rifles from the hands of the soldiers, who handed them up to their commander, he continued to deal rapid destruction amongst the Sikh golundauze.
A party of Sikh infantry, who were placed in defence of the battery, at last perceived the marksman, who was quickly silencing their cannon, and, pouring a volley in that direction, the gallant soldier rolled back amongst the corpses75 which strewed the exterior76 of the works.
The field of Sobraon did not bear on its[Pg 235] crimsoned surface a soldier more deeply regretted by all who knew him than the fallen chief of the Sirmoor battalion.
The Sikh breastworks had now been carried at several points, and the enemy fell back towards their second lines. Slowly retreating towards the inner entrenchments, and yet holding their assailants in check whilst retiring, they now received a cross-fire from the left division of the British, which had gained their position by a flank attack, and with inconsiderable loss. A rolling and tremendous fire now opened along the whole victorious77 line of the British, which tore the Sikh battalions with murderous effect, as their order became more compact from being compressed on each side. Still, the enemy retired78 in creditable array, and showed a threatening front, whilst mown down by musketry, and charged by the 3rd Light Dragoons, which were led by Sir Joseph Thackwell into the Sikh entrenchments. Forced backwards79, step by step, towards the river, the foremost of the retreating enemy thronged80 upon the bridge of boats, which soon gave way[Pg 236] under the inordinate81 weight, and left the fugitives82 to perish in the waters under the accumulated pressure of their wounded and drowning comrades. Most of the Sikh battalions, finding the bridge destroyed, entered the fords, still preserving their ranks to the very edge of the river; but the waters had risen considerably83 during the night, and the fords were nearly impracticable.
The banks of the Sutlej were now lined by the whole force of our infantry; and the horse artillery having hastily taken up the most advantageous84 position which could be found for pouring destruction into the retiring army, the storm fell with merciless violence upon the fugitives, who were now struggling in one mighty85, confused mass to reach the opposite shore. So large a mark as the enemy's commingled86 hordes87 presented, could scarcely be missed; and the round shot, musketry and shrapnel, which swept the surface of the river with deadly precision, soon converted the greater portion of the Sikh army into a hideous and straggling wreck88 of humanity.
[Pg 237]
The sluggish89 waters of the Sutlej, clogged90 with human carcases, swelled91 and foamed92 over wounded and unwounded, locked in the struggling embrace of mortal peril93, and bore them slowly onwards to destruction, making room for succeeding crowds destined94 to share a similar fate. The scattered95 remnants of the battalions which had defended the entrenchments of Sobraon with such gallantry and resolution, landing on the opposite shore, fled wildly from the awful scene of carnage; and half a winter's day served to destroy for ever those daring and organized battalions, to accomplish whose discipline and efficiency had occupied the lifetime, and employed unceasingly the energies of the old Lion of the Punjaub. Had the master and founder96 of the Sikh military power been spared, or his sagacity and political wisdom been inherited by any of his successors, this day of death would have been averted97, or at least deferred98 to a succeeding generation. But the God of Christians99, Sikh, and Mahomedans, ordained100 it; and let the cavillers at our day's labour turn over the pages of the Old[Pg 238] Testament101, and study the military commission of Joshua, before they exclaim against the catastrophe102 of Sobraon.
Sixty-seven pieces of cannon were abandoned by the enemy in their entrenchments, and round every gun in the batteries lay the golundauze, who had sworn to conquer or die, and had fulfilled their oath.
Every trench1 was filled to the brim with Sikh corpses, and the blood-stained area of the entrenchments told a fearful tale of massacre103; but whilst that overgrown assemblage of lawless soldiery continued in existence, the Punjaub or the British frontier could entertain no hope of permanent security. Every Sikh carcase which floated on the Sutlej, or lay stiffening104 on the gory105 field of Sobraon, was one obstacle removed to the re-establishment of order and good government; and with such an object in view, the destruction of the Sikh army became a more imperative106 duty than the removal of any noxious59 or venomous animal which might lie in the path we are about to pursue.
The enemy's cavalry, and a few battalions of[Pg 239] infantry, which had been posted in a threatening attitude at the fords of Hureeka, when the result of the day became apparent, opened a harmless cannonade, from their nine pounder battery, on the British Cavalry Brigade (which had been placed to check any diversion in that quarter), and then departed, taking the route leading towards Lahore.
Before the sun had reached the horizon, not a vestige107 of that mighty host which had so long insulted our north-western frontier was to be seen, save a few dusky tents on the verge108 of the plain, and the lifeless bodies lying in the trenches of Sobraon, the lawful109 inheritance of the vulture and jackals.
Abundance of Sikh ammunition110 and stores for carrying on the war, found in the works, were collected by our artillery and destroyed. To a late hour of the night of the 10th of February the explosion of these magazines caused the earth to tremble as with an earthquake, and sounded like the expiring echo of the thunders which had rolled in deafening111 peals112 throughout the morning.
[Pg 240]
Immediately the enemy had finally disappeared, parties were detached from each regiment to bury their dead, and the British army returned to the quarters which they had quitted on that memorable morning. The 10th of February brought no rest to our gallant chief, who hastened, after the enemy's defeat, to Ferozepore, to direct the passage of the Sutlej by Sir John Grey's division on that very night, when, it was natural to suppose, there was little likelihood of the Sikh army taking any measures to oppose our progress. The pontoon train, under the direction of our engineers, was in readiness for this important movement, and the advanced guard of the army crossed without any accident on the bridge, which was finally completed within two days for the transit113 of the whole army.
The wounded on the British side had been better provided for than on any former occasion, although the number of soldiers who had been struck down caused a scarcity114 of conveyances115. All were as speedily as possible removed into Ferozepore, where the whole cantonment had[Pg 241] been converted into a hospital, and every attention was bestowed116 which medical aid could afford or humanity suggest.
On the day following the action, many Sikhs came across, unarmed, in search of their deceased comrades, and no interruption being offered to them in the discharge of these sacred duties, in a short time small fires were seen to arise on various parts of the field of battle, and many of the fallen warriors117 were consigned118 to the flames.
Two days after the battle, the strange sight was witnessed of British and Sikhs, Hindoos and Mussulmen, wandering indiscriminately over the field where all had so recently been engaged in mortal contest.
[Pg 242]
Return of Killed, Wounded, and Missing, of the Army of the Sutlej, under the command of his Excellency Sir Hugh Gough, Bart., G.C.B., in the action of Sobraon, Feb. 10th, 1846.
KILLED. WOUNDED.
Officers. N. C. officers. Rank & File. Officers. N. C. officers. Rank & File. Missing.
General Staff 2
Artillery 1 3 1 1 33
Engineers 2 3 1 16
Cavalry—
1st Brigade:
H.M. 3rd Lt. Drag. 5 4 22
4th Cavalry 5
5th ditto 10
9th Irregulars
2nd Brigade:
H.M. 9th Lancers 1 1
2nd Irregulars
3rd Brigade:
H.M. 16th Lancers.
Body-Guard.
3rd Light Cavalry.
1st Infantry Division—
Staff 1 3
1st Brigade:
H.M. 31st Regt. 35 7 112
47th Native Infantry 1 7 4 64
2nd Brigade:
H.M. 50th Regt. 1 41 11 186
42nd Native Infantry 8 2 3 53
Nusseeree Battalion. 6 1 6 74
2nd Division—
Staff 2 3
3rd Brigade:
H.M. 29th Regt. 1 55 13 7 132
41st Native Infantry 2 14 8 8 100
68th ditto 1 10 2 3 67
4th Brigade:
1st Europeans 2 2 31 10 16 142
16th Native Infantry 6 2 23 123
Sirmoor Battalion 1 13 7 123
3rd Division:—
Staff 1
5th Brigade:
H.M. 9th Regt 5 1 2 26
26th Native Infantry 3 2 3 19
H.M. 62nd Regt. 1 3 7 123
6th Brigade:
H.M. 80th Regt. 13 7 123
33rd Native Infantry 1 2 3 1 5 54
63rd ditto 1 2 3 5 26
7th Brigade:
H.M. 10th Regt. 1 1 29 2 2 98
43rd Native Infantry 7 2 9 85
59th ditto 4 1 7 53
H.M. 53rd Regt. 1 7 8 1 104
[Pg 243]
Abstract:
13 officers, 3 native officers, 301 non-commissioned officers and rank and file, killed.
101 officers, 39 native officers, 1913 non-commissioned officers, and rank and file, wounded.
Lascars, Syces, and drivers, 3 killed, 10 wounded.
Grand total of killed and wounded, 2383.
[Pg 244]
Nominal119 Roll of Officers Killed and Wounded at the Battle of Sobraon, Feb. 10th, 1846.
Killed.
Artillery—
1st Troop, 2nd Brig. 1st Lieut. H.J. Faithful.
1st Infantry Division—
Staff Lieut Hay.
H.M. 50th Regt. " Grimes.
2nd Infantry Division—
Staff Lieut.-Col. C. Taylor, Brigadier.
" Lieut. T.S. Rawson.
1st Europeans " Shuttleworth.
" Ensign F. Hamilton.
Sirmoor Battalion Capt. J. Fisher.
3rd Infantry Division—
Staff Major-Gen. Sir R. Dick, K.C.B., K.C.H.
H.M. 62nd Regt. Lieut. Bartley.
33rd N.I. " Playfair.
H.M. 10th Regt. " W. Beale.
H.M. 53rd Regt. Capt. Warren.
Wounded.
General Staff Lieut.-Colonel Gough, Q.M.G., very severely120.
" Lieut.-Col. Barr, A.G., severely and dangerously.
Artillery—
2nd Troop, 2nd Brig. Brevet-Major C. Grant, slightly.
[Pg 245] Cavalry—
H.M. 3rd Lt. Drag. Lieut. J.B. Hawkes, slightly.
" " H.W. White, ditto.
" Cornet Kauntze, severely.
" Quartermaster Crabtree, slightly.
1st Infantry Division—
Staff Lieut. Holdich, severely.
" Lieut.-Col. Penny, ditto.
" Capt. Garvock, ditto.
H.M. 31st Regt. Lieut. Law, ditto.
" " Elmslie, ditto.
" " Timbrell, dangerously.
" " Gabbet, slightly.
" " H.G. Tritton, mortally.
" Ensign Jones, severely.
" Lieut. and Adjt. Bolton, ditto.
47th N.I. Lieut. and Adjt. Renny, ditto.
" Lieut. James, slightly.
" Ensign Walcot, ditto.
" " Oyston, ditto.
H.M. 50th Regt. Lieut.-Col. Ryan, dangerously.
" Bt.-Lieut.-Col. Pettit, ditto.
" Capt. G. Tew, ditto.
" " Bonham, ditto.
" " Needham, ditto.
" " Wilton, very severely.
" Lieut. Hough, severely.
" " J.G. Smyth, ditto.
" " C. Mouat, ditto.
" Ensign Slessor, slightly.
[Pg 246] 42nd N.I. Lieut. C. Tottenham, ditto.
" Major Polwhele, slightly.
" Lieut. Macqueen, severely.
Nusseeree Battalion. Capt. C. O'Brien, ditto.
2nd Infantry Division—
Staff Major-Gen. Gilbert, slightly.
" Lieut. F. Gilbert, A.D.C., ditto.
" Lieut.-Col. Maclaren, C.B., dangerously.
H.M. 29th Regt. Lieut. G.H. Jones, very severely.
" Capt. Stepney, severely.
" " Young, slightly.
" " Murchison, ditto.
" Lieut. Henry, severely.
" " Duncan, ditto.
" " W. Kirby, very severely.
" " C. Macdonnel, severely.
" " Walker, slightly.
" " St. G. Nugent, severely.
" " G. Henderson, contusion.
" " Scudamore, severely.
" Ensign Mitchell, very severely.
1st Europeans Capt. Magnay, severely.
" Lieut. Patullo, ditto.
" " Lambert, ditto.
" " Dennis, ditto.
" " Hume, dangerously.
" " Staples121, slightly.
" Ensign Palmer, ditto.
" " Davidson, mortally (dead).
" " Innes, slightly.
[Pg 247] Sirmoor Battalion Lieut. Beatson, severely.
16th N.I. Capt. Balderston, ditto.
" Ensign Hodson, slightly.
41st N.I. Capt. Halford, severely.
" " Cumberlege, ditto.
" Lieut. J. Stephen, slightly.
" " Onslow, ditto.
" " Kemble, ditto.
" Ensign Scatchard, mortally (dead).
" " Aikman, slightly.
" " J. Bennet, ditto.
68th N.I. Lieut. Robertson, slightly.
" Ensign Dorin, ditto.
3rd Infantry Division—
H.M. 9th Regt Lieut. Daunt122, slightly.
26th N.I. Lieut. Mackenzie, severely.
" Ensign R. White, slightly.
H.M. 62nd Regt. Lieut. Haviland, severely.
H.M. 80th Regt. Capt. Cookson, slightly.
" Lieut. Crawley, severely.
" " Kingsley, ditto.
" Ensign Wandesford, ditto.
33rd N.I. Lieut. Tulloh, ditto.
63rd N.I. Capt. Ormsby, ditto.
" Lieut. Morrison, slightly.
" Ensign Barber, ditto.
H.M. 10th Regt. Lieut. R. Evans, ditto.
" " C. Lindham, ditto.
43rd N.I. Capt. Lyell, very severely.
" Ensign Munro, severely.
59th N.I. Lieut. H. Lumsden, ditto.
[Pg 248] H.M. 53rd Regt. Capt. Smart, severely.
" Lieut. Chester, ditto.
" " Stokes, ditto.
" Ensign Dunning, ditto.
" Lieut.-Col. Gold, slightly.
" Lieut. Breton, ditto.
" Lieut. Clarke, severely.
" Ensign Lucas, slightly.
(Signed) P. Grant,
D.A. Gen. of the Army.
(Sixty-seven pieces of artillery captured, of which no official description is published.)
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1
trench
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| n./v.(挖)沟，(挖)战壕 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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3
stagnant
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| adj.不流动的，停滞的，不景气的 | |
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trenches
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| 深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕 | |
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5
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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6
dire
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| adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的 | |
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7
garrisoned
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| 卫戍部队守备( garrison的过去式和过去分词 )； 派部队驻防 | |
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8
battalions
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| n.（陆军的）一营（大约有一千兵士）( battalion的名词复数 )；协同作战的部队；军队；（组织在一起工作的）队伍 | |
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battalion
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| n.营；部队；大队(的人) | |
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infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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11
envelop
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| vt.包，封，遮盖；包围 | |
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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13
picket
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| n.纠察队；警戒哨；v.设置纠察线；布置警卫 | |
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14
mortars
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| n.迫击炮( mortar的名词复数 )；砂浆；房产；研钵 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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swarmed
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| 密集( swarm的过去式和过去分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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allotted
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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pickets
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| 罢工纠察员( picket的名词复数 ) | |
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assail
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| v.猛烈攻击，抨击，痛斥 | |
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doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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groan
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| vi./n.呻吟，抱怨；(发出)呻吟般的声音 | |
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22
shriek
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| v./n.尖叫，叫喊 | |
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misty
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| adj.雾蒙蒙的，有雾的 | |
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dispelled
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| v.驱散，赶跑( dispel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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herald
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| vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎 | |
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conjectured
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| 推测，猜测，猜想( conjecture的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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29
evacuated
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| 撤退者的 | |
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30
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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31
artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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32
dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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enveloped
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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35
hissed
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| 发嘶嘶声( hiss的过去式和过去分词 )； 发嘘声表示反对 | |
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36
devastation
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| n.毁坏；荒废；极度震惊或悲伤 | |
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37
cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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38
vigour
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| （=vigor）n.智力，体力，精力 | |
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39
incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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40
alacrity
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| n.敏捷，轻快，乐意 | |
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41
obstinate
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| adj.顽固的，倔强的，不易屈服的，较难治愈的 | |
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42
trifling
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| adj.微不足道的；没什么价值的 | |
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43
crimsoned
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| 变为深红色（crimson的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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44
opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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45
gall
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| v.使烦恼，使焦躁，难堪；n.磨难 | |
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46
gallantly
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| adv. 漂亮地，勇敢地，献殷勤地 | |
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gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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harry
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| vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼 | |
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49
tragically
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| adv. 悲剧地，悲惨地 | |
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50
mangled
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| vt.乱砍（mangle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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51
strewed
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| v.撒在…上( strew的过去式和过去分词 )；散落于；点缀；撒满 | |
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52
surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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defenders
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| n.防御者( defender的名词复数 )；守卫者；保护者；辩护者 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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regiments
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| （军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物 | |
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plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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57
havoc
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| n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱 | |
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obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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noxious
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| adj.有害的，有毒的；使道德败坏的，讨厌的 | |
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intrepid
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| adj.无畏的，刚毅的 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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repulsed
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| v.击退( repulse的过去式和过去分词 )；驳斥；拒绝 | |
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hardiest
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| 能吃苦耐劳的，坚强的( hardy的最高级 )； （植物等）耐寒的 | |
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sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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67
obstinacy
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| n.顽固；（病痛等）难治 | |
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degenerated
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| 衰退，堕落，退化( degenerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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69
memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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71
crooked
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| adj.弯曲的；不诚实的，狡猾的，不正当的 | |
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hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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73
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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corpses
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| n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 ) | |
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76
exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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77
victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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78
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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backwards
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| adv.往回地，向原处，倒，相反，前后倒置地 | |
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thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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81
inordinate
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| adj.无节制的；过度的 | |
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82
fugitives
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| n.亡命者，逃命者( fugitive的名词复数 ) | |
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83
considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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84
advantageous
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| adj.有利的；有帮助的 | |
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85
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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86
commingled
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| v.混合，掺和，合并( commingle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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hordes
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| n.移动着的一大群( horde的名词复数 )；部落 | |
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88
wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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89
sluggish
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| adj.懒惰的，迟钝的，无精打采的 | |
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90
clogged
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| （使）阻碍( clog的过去式和过去分词 )； 淤滞 | |
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swelled
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| 增强( swell的过去式和过去分词 )； 肿胀； （使）凸出； 充满（激情） | |
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92
foamed
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| 泡沫的 | |
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93
peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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94
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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95
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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96
Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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97
averted
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| 防止，避免( avert的过去式和过去分词 )； 转移 | |
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98
deferred
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| adj.延期的，缓召的v.拖延，延缓，推迟( defer的过去式和过去分词 )；服从某人的意愿，遵从 | |
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99
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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100
ordained
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| v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定 | |
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101
testament
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| n.遗嘱；证明 | |
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102
catastrophe
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| n.大灾难，大祸 | |
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103
massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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104
stiffening
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| n. (使衣服等)变硬的材料, 硬化 动词stiffen的现在分词形式 | |
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105
gory
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| adj.流血的；残酷的 | |
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106
imperative
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| n.命令，需要；规则；祈使语气；adj.强制的；紧急的 | |
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107
vestige
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| n.痕迹，遗迹，残余 | |
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108
verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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109
lawful
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| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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110
ammunition
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| n.军火，弹药 | |
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111
deafening
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| adj. 振耳欲聋的, 极喧闹的 动词deafen的现在分词形式 | |
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112
peals
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| n.（声音大而持续或重复的）洪亮的响声( peal的名词复数 )；隆隆声；洪亮的钟声；钟乐v.（使）（钟等）鸣响，（雷等）发出隆隆声( peal的第三人称单数 ) | |
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113
transit
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| n.经过，运输；vt.穿越，旋转；vi.越过 | |
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114
scarcity
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| n.缺乏，不足，萧条 | |
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115
conveyances
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| n.传送( conveyance的名词复数 )；运送；表达；运输工具 | |
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116
bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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117
warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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118
consigned
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| v.把…置于（令人不快的境地）( consign的过去式和过去分词 )；把…托付给；把…托人代售；丟弃 | |
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119
nominal
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| adj.名义上的；(金额、租金)微不足道的 | |
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120
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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121
staples
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| n.（某国的）主要产品( staple的名词复数 )；钉书钉；U 形钉；主要部份v.用钉书钉钉住( staple的第三人称单数 ) | |
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122
daunt
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| vt.使胆怯，使气馁 | |
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