Arcadians, metaphysicians, and all adorers of the past are cursing every day and every hour the modern mania1 of comparing human things to living beings and call for anathemas2 against this absurd and sacrilegious profanation3 of the man-God. Comparative anatomy4, physiology5 and psychology6 are for these gentlemen nothing but different forms of a strange aberration7 of the human mind; something capricious and morbid8 which, by the continual comparison of man and beast, brutalizes us, prostitutes us, and sends us back with a new insanity10 to the bestial11 Olympus of men with animal members and of human grafts12 set on the flesh of the son of God. According to those most exalted13 and supercilious14 gentlemen, these are psychic15 maladies not to be discussed, but cured by contempt and ridicule16; they are the hysterics of thought, which disappear with the generation that has seen them rise from the corrupt17 entrails of the human family. But man does not lower himself by comparing himself with beings that are the matrix from which he came; he does not degrade himself by scenting18 the earth from which you, also you, O super-gentlemen, say we have been moulded and which is ever the frame supporting us.
The true metaphysics, if this word has still any meaning, was created by modern science, which, by the boldest comparisons of the simplest things with the most complex, of the smallest with the greatest, extracts the subtile from the subtile, and under the motley appearance of the form reveals the only law that governs them. We are going to seek in the limbus of living beings the crepuscules of the highest human things. Bowing our head modestly before the[Pg 30] simplicity20 of laws which govern and control such a wealth of forms, let us return to the reality of things, feeling neither dejected nor ashamed of ourselves, but satisfied with having known how to read the notes of harmony written in the world of dwarfs21 and giants. Our pride will find sufficient satisfaction, after so many comparisons, in realizing that we are first among all living beings.
No spectacle of nature is more splendid, more admirable than that of the loves of plants and of animals. Nature could not write more fascinating music with a less number of notes, and no other phenomenon of life can resemble that of generation in profusion22 of forms, lavishness23 of artifices24, inexhaustible conception of mechanisms25. One would say that where the reproductive gemmul? are attracted, where life reconcentrates its best part to renovate26 itself with a new impetus27, there new and strange energies are developed, and the forces of nature appear with the most gigantic pomp, the most gorgeous luxury. In every other function, Nature, like an economical housewife, seeks the useful and often is satisfied with the necessary; she simplifies the mechanisms, removes the attritions and through the simplest ways attains28 her aim. But she is not content with the good and the true for generation, and, surrounding the nest of love with a large profusion of esthetic29 elements, she exhausts every resource to prepare a feast for the life which renews itself. It is around the flower that, nearly always, the most exquisite30 beauty of form, the most inebriating31 seductions of perfume, the most varied32 tints33 of the painter's palette are interwoven. How many treasures of esthetic force in a lily and in a rose! And all that luxury to do honor to the love of a day, the love of an hour; and all the splendor34 of a nuptial35 robe, a thousand times more beautiful than human industry could produce, to screen the virginal kiss of an anther and a pistil!
And jumping from the lily and the rose to the summits of the animal world, how many splendors36 of fancy, how many flashes of passion, what an interlacement of elements, to make a garland for the kiss of a man and a woman. Run, fly, on a spring day, among the blossoming beds of a garden,[Pg 31] among the thousand amorous37 corollas of the flowers; shake the severe boughs38 of the cypress39 and of the pine; plunge40 your feet into the soft, wet carpet of vallisnerias; let your eyes penetrate41 into the humid recesses42 of the barks and the mossy labyrinths44 of the granite45; and everywhere a warm circumfusion of pollen46, spores47 and antheridia will tell your flaming heart that in the world of plants, among the perfumes of the corollas and the emeralds of the seaweeds, love exists in a thousand ways, and the atmosphere is all pervaded48 with the warm, inebriating sparks which, on the wings of the winds and of the insects and in the rays of the sun, diffuse49 everywhere an amorous, voluptuous50 wave.
The love of flowers is mute in the soft perfume of their corollas, but in many of them silence does not prevent tender blandishments and fervent51 embraces; many plants, always immovable, have convulsions in their flowers; always cold, they flame up in the calyx of their loves. Often they love only once a year; but what a profusion of embraces, what a fecundity52 of pollen and seed! Shake with your hand a single branch of the juniper or of the blossoming pine, and you will immediately see the air darken with a cloud of fruitful dust; entire forests love at one time, and for miles and miles they fill the air with voluptuous murmurs53; more than once do the winds carry clouds of pollen, and the wanton rain washes and purifies the atmosphere, and tinges54 itself all with the amorous dust.
And without jealousy55 or rancors, in the shade of the blossoming pines, and among the stamens of the enamored flowers, in every clod of grass, in every cavern56 of mountain, in every fissure57 of rock, in every bed of seaweeds, in the deep waves of the ocean, and in the drops of water oozing58 from the glaciers59, in the somberest darkness of mines and in the infinite sky, the animals interweave their loves; so that in every part of the globe, and in every hour of the day and of the night, every ray of the sun warms and contemplates62 millions of embraces, while every ray of the moon guides the nocturnal lovers to a thousand more intimate blandishments. If it is true that a leaf falls from the tree of life every [Pg 32]second and dies, then at every moment a new gemma is born, and for every gemma how many embraces, for every new-born how many loves! The flowers planted in the ground of a cemetery63 appeal to me as the noblest form of the cult64 of the dead; for, if our planet is a vast cemetery, where every atom of time buries an atom that was living once, this earth is all a nest of love, in which every zephyr65 carries to our ear a sigh of voluptuousness66, and the harmony of the ether, a dream of the ancient poets, is nothing, perhaps, but the sum of all the kisses exchanged among the living creatures.
If the anatomist and the physiologist67 discover in the study of generation in the various animals some precious materials to mark the highest laws of the morphology of the living beings, the psychologist finds in the loves of brutes68 sketched69 nearly all the elements that man has gathered under his robust70 wings. No function is more adapted than love to contemplate61 the unique type and the infinite legion of its forms, to admire a unique conception developed in a thousand different tongues.
No sooner has sex made its appearance than the male quickly distinguishes himself by his aggressive character. With few exceptions, it is the male that seeks, conquers, keeps the prey71. Glance over the pages of Darwin's work on sexual selection and you will see how many weapons nature has given to males to conquer and keep their mates. Even in plants, it is the pollen that goes in search of the ovulum, the ovulum that awaits the spark that is to fecundate it. In the most simple of animal forms, where the male and female live and die fettered72 to the spot that saw their birth, it is the virile73 element that is always carried there, where the germ awaits it. This is the first dogma that governs the religion of love in the entire world of the living; and when all high races look with contempt upon the woman who attacks and the man who flees, they only protest against the violation74 of one of the most tyrannical laws which men and mollusks, women and pistils, cannot evade75.
Man summarizes all the forms of the living nature; so[Pg 33] that we are frequently tempted76 to affirm that whatever of human is in him is the greatest synthesis of all the minor77 forms of the living, and that he is precisely78 the first because under the bark of his individuality all the forces are gathered within him, from the secondary to the last; and the same phenomenon we observe in the psychical79 elements of his loves.
Pigeons, even when intermingled with the most varied breeds, are seldom unfaithful to their mates; and although the male, in a rare whim80, may break the vow81 of fidelity82, he quickly returns to the dear nuptial bed of his spouse83. Darwin kept some pigeons of different breeds shut up in the same place for a long time, and there was never a bastard84 among them. Do we not also find among men splendid examples of the most faithful monogamy and do you not recognize it as the social basis in almost all the superior races?
The antelope85 of South Africa has up to a dozen mates, and the Antilope saiga of Asia more than a hundred. But have we not the small and hypocritical polygamies of modern society, and those, most splendid and impudent86, of the Orientals? Have we not in man, as in very many animals, females who submit to love as to a duty, and males on whom love must be imposed? Have we not libertinism87 at the very side of chastity? Have we not in the world of man all the lasciviousness89, all the ardors, all the possibilities of lewdness90 of the animals' world?
Several fulmineous forms of love which last no longer than the flash of the lightning not infrequently occur among men, as the cold, long-lasting kisses of many insects are an amorous practice of various human temperaments91. And fiery92, cruel jealousies93 and bloody94 battles are scenes common to men and brutes; nor is death for love an exclusive privilege of man. The few and coarse passions of animals are all carried as a holocaust95 to the altar of generation, while man carries to it all the ardors of his rich nature, all the infinite forces which he has drawn96 from the great womb of the living beings and which he has centuplicated with the accumulations of his hundred civilizations. The chaffinch,[Pg 34] in the contests of amorous song, more than once falls from the tree on which he is singing his erotic hymn97, smothered98 by pulmonary apoplexy; just as many a poet beholds99 the lyre of his genius and the chords of his life break at the feet of a woman. In the silence of the shady thickets101, the nightingale, exhausted102, swoons with love and fatigue103, and dies for having been unable to vanquish104 a more fortunate rival in melody and strength of notes; and hundreds and hundreds of times, in the somber60 labyrinths of life, the human lover dies in the battles of an unhappy love, and he too dies because he could not sing louder and sweeter than his rival. Nor is coquetry peculiar105 to the human female only; no woman in the world will ever be the equal of a female canary in the wicked art with which she resists the impatient ardors of her companion; and the thousand travesties106 with which in the feminine world a "yes" is concealed108 under a "no" are but pallid109 imitations of the refined coquetry, the simulated flights, the amorous bitings and the hundred thousand cajoleries of the world of animals.
As to the esthetic elements which nature has lavished110 upon the loves of living beings, they are such and so many that the richest palette would be insufficient111 to depict112 them or the poet's words to describe them. Here are two pictures from my meager113 collection.
I
I am in the garden, lying down upon a wall so low that I can voluptuously114 scent19 the soft aroma115 of the earth damped by a storm; I have no rugs under my body or pillows under my head; a slate116, furrowed117 and shining, is my bed. With one hand extended above the wall, I am nipping the petals118 of a lemon flower, while with the other I am frightening the ants which hustle119 about in the sandy path. All at once, two little shadows, two brown sprites, pass before my eyes and alight, facing me, in the middle of the path. They are two children of heaven, all wings and all beauty; the organs of terrestrial life are reduced to a thread, but a thread that[Pg 35] sucks the nectar from the flowers, and four gigantic wings to conquer the skies. Their hours are numbered; they must love and die, and nature made them warm and swift for intense love: organs of sense greater than the venter, organs of beauty greater than the entrails. They are butterflies, but I know not their names, and I feel disappointed. I look around in vain for an entomologist to name them for me: man does not feel that he possesses a creature unless he has sprinkled it with the ink of his dictionaries. They will die, as far as I am concerned, nameless; and in vain will they knock at the gates of paradise, to enter the place where dear and beloved things are remembered. Can you imagine ever having loved a woman whose name you know not? As in religion, so it is in love: baptism is the first and holiest of sacraments.
But these butterflies love each other without baptism; they are frolicking on the pebbles120 of the path, and running after each other. They do not suspect that the greatest tiger of our planet is watching them, and that a great lizard121 is creeping down slowly from the little wall and turns its head to left and right sullenly122, licking its own lips with its forked tongue and anticipating the savory123 taste of the delicate flesh of those pretty creatures. They are too happy to think of enemies that surround them; and life and love are flowers which are picked in the midst of hurricanes and battles. They have found a stalk of withered124 grass which, under the footsteps of many pedestrians125 and in the sand strewn by the gardener, has succeeded in living and blossoming. That microscopic126 bush is an entire world for those two lovers, and the little female resorts to it as to a defense127 against her sweet assailant and runs around it like a child who flees from blows by running around a table. But, after a few impatient circumvolutions, the lover jumps over that little tree and with his wings shakes those of his companion. A pinch of golden dust spreads through the air, and a slightly spiteful shrug128, a rebuff and a voluptuous quiver close that first scene of love. At times the little female seems about to yield to the impatient embraces of her companion; and when he, with[Pg 36] the trepid anxiety of him who is about to grasp happiness, is very close to her and on the point of touching129 with his pubescent and loving antenn? the velvety131 body of his beloved one, she flies two yards away, and he after her and again and again is met with mockery and cajoleries. The heat increases and the surcharged desire has become as ardent132 as the sun. The coquette has turned her back to her pursuer and opens her wings slowly in order to show the splendor of her gems133, her silver, her velvet130, in all their pomp; and having shown them, she folds and raises her wings and instantly hides all the most splendid dress with which nature has made her so beautiful. Nor is the male less of a seducer134, as with a little bound, which resembles a flight, he places himself in front of his companion, and in turn opens his wings, showing his thousand colors and the charm of his golden eyes. But too restless is the impatience135 of those two lovers who exchange their first kisses. Whoever has witnessed but once the caresses137 of two butterflies can certainly imagine how the angels love; but does any planet shelter a human creature that lives with wings also in heaven?
Now those two butterflies come near to each other, so near as to touch, to kiss with their antenn?; then in a wink138 one bounds upon the other and with a leisurely139, sweet, prolonged caress136, fondly they kiss each other with their wings. And then they repose140, as though they wished to relish141 the sweetness of that grand and voluptuous caress, in which the wing of the one softly and slowly kisses the silk and velvet of his companion. How sweet, how sensual must be the caress of two wings which with a thousand scintillating142 papill? touch each other in a perfect juxtaposition143, and yet in this intermingling of nerves and velvet do not lose one single speck144 of that golden dust which adorns145 them!
Many and many a time I saw those happy creatures prance146 around and kiss each other; many a time I stood with beaming eye, envying that angelic kiss of two wings. Man may, indeed, envy the butterfly which in its rich loves of glittering inspiration puts to shame our corporeal147 embraces. Two [Pg 37]creatures, nude148 yet clothed, passionate149 and chaste150, that love but once and one creature only, that kiss on earth and unite in the skies; that, inebriated151 with the nectar of flowers and the rays of the sun, caress each other with their wings and fall in love with such beautiful hues152 as Titian and Rubens strove in vain to obtain from their art and their chemistry; two creatures that abandon life in a long love and from the spasms154 of a leisurely embrace return to nature their bodies extinguished by love!
After long kisses and many caresses, my two angels exchanged a last, more ardent rebuff, and then away in the sky to relight the torch of life which was soon to be extinguished in them. Sighing, I followed them, now united in a whirling flight, until they were lost in the azure155 of the skies. Why do we not also love in that way?
II
On my neighbor's roof the first rays of the sun have stirred up an infernal racket. Among the tiles, tawny156 and corroded157 by the black wartwort, there are some soft cushions of moss43, and on the eaves, with edges frayed158 by rust159 and twisted by the alternating of sun and ice, grows some grass that, more frugal160 than an anchoret and happier than a king, lives on light and dew. On those tiles and on those eaves all the sparrows in the neighborhood have their rendezvous161; and, sprightly162, petulant163, noisy, they pursue each other, intermingle with their wings, and clash, peck, play with their little feathered bodies. They speak a common and inharmonious language, but they seem to narrate164 the dreams of the night, and to have many and important things to tell each other. One shrieks165, another warbles, a third is chirping166; not one is still. Happy because they have slept well, having already forgotten yesterday, and unmindful of today, they are basking167 their feathers in the first rays of the sun, and, beaks168 hidden under their wings, waging war upon some importunate170 acarus. There are some small and some big.[Pg 38] The gray, the coppery, and the black with slight variations of hues indicate, perhaps, to the naturalist171 age and sex, perhaps even varieties of species; but in this moment they are all kindred chattering172 and enjoying themselves together. No difference of caste seems to humiliate173 one and elate another; no infirmity produces pain in some of them and compassion174 in others; here is neither etiquette175 of rank nor hypocrisy176 of compliments. Have they, those dear and happy young sparrows, carried into effect the republic of Plato?
But, lo! in that crowd of thoughtless, happy creatures I behold100 a sparrow of a deeper black, a darker chestnut177 hue153, and more high-chested than the others. Frequently he stands upright on his small legs, stretches his neck, his body, his head, like a child about to have his height measured, and, without moving from his place, he looks to the right and to the left with an air of indefinable, vain complacency. And, lo! among his neighbors he sees a female sparrow, of a plain gray color, with an elongated178 body, delicate and pretty. She seems to have been made for the ivory hand of a lady to hold, thrusting out her loving head from that nest of intelligent folds that is the hand of a woman. The impudent sparrow sees her and, without approaching, utters a cry of conquest which in force and petulance179 already seems to be a cry of victory. It appears to me that in the sparrow's dictionary that sound must be a word with great significance and important consequences, because the pretty little female with a short flight leaves the noisy crowd of her companions and draws near to the edge of the roof. But the bold lover impatiently flies after her and repeatedly renews his insistent180, petulant cry; he is already very close to her, but the little female flies to the roof of the house on the opposite side of the street. She has hardly reached it when the male overtakes her, and at short distance they both face and defy each other; and, twittering in different voices, they hurl181 at each other a world of words which seem to me insolence182 and tenderness at the same time. The one whines183, the other shrills184; the one implores185, the other commands, and frequently the prating186 is so closely intermingled that it seems like the[Pg 39] sound of one instrument. But the bickering187 appears to have fatigued188 them, and the pretty little female withdraws, running to an eave, while the male looks up at the sun and awaits new strength. And strength seems to be restored to him very soon, for the warbling and shrieking189 begin anew. Nor is the insolent190 lover satisfied with his voice, but runs by leaps and flights to peck his companion; and a hasty retreat, a confused crying, a continual clashing succeed each other at brief intervals191 through the mossy labyrinths of that roof. Already many battles have been fought between the two lovers; the anxiety to escape and to defend herself from wanton desires seems so sincere in that winged little female that I almost begin to believe that she does not want to be loved that morning. But, if this be really so, why does she not open her wings and fly away into the infinite sky? And if she does not love that too obstinate192 persecutor193, why does she call him when he, piqued194, flies to the top of the roof, almost simulating indifference195 or vexation? But desire cannot stand that war any longer, and the male is now decided196 to seize the sweet prize of victory, and as if sliding down on those tiles, with short leaps that seem steps he pursues his companion, who withdraws to a corner of the roof where it projects over the street. Behind her she has not an inch of space left: she must either fly away and lose, perhaps, her lover, already tired of so many refusals, or capitulate. Fractions of an inch seem to have become infinite space, measured as they are by male and female with steps and leaps; and the female raises her voice louder and louder at intervals, but does not succeed in drowning the more robust and courageous197 voice of the lover who is now so close to her as to touch her with his beak169 and shake her with his wings. The two little warm bodies come into contact, clash, commingle198. There, on the extreme brink199 of the eave, with her little body suspended over the abyss, the female concedes the crowning voluptuousness to her companion, and a sweet inspiration and a rebuff which seems like a flash of lightning attend an ardent, intimate, fulmineous love, a love caught over the abyss of space.
The two lovers fall in a swoon; they rise slowly and stare at each other, amazed and languid; then, with a shiver, they adjust their feathers, disarranged by the embrace; with a second shiver they absorb slowly, slowly the last quaver of the vanishing voluptuousness, and away they fly to hide in some hospitable200 tree their happy lassitude and to restore their strength for new battles and new loves.
These two pictures, which I have rapidly sketched from nature, are only poor specimens201 from an immense collection, rich in the warmest tints and in the most singular designs. In no function does life multiply its forces as in love, and the queerest phenomena202 are interlaced around the union of the sexes, which, unique in essence, assumes the most varied forms. The philosopher, the poet, the artist, should study with interest the thousand ways in which living beings exchange the germinative203 gemmul?, and they would find subjects for profound meditation204 and a strong incentive205 to inspiration. Only in the eyes of the hypocrite or of the idiot many loves of living beings may seem brutal9 battles or lascivious88 embraces. Nowhere does Nature manifest herself more powerful, more inexhaustible, more admirable than where she teaches the living how to perpetuate206 life. It is well to conceal107, as far as possible, from the eyes of our children, especially from little girls, the too obscene intercourses207 of those domestic animals which most resemble us. However, the most rigorous morals in the world and the most puritanical208 modesty209 would be unable to hide the kisses of doves, the amorous duets of canaries, the sublime210 embraces of butterflies. More than one maiden211 had in these pictures of nature her first lesson of love; and many years before the lips of a lover taught her the life in two, doves, canaries, butterflies had caused her heart to throb212, disclosing to her a corner in the realm of infinite and glowing mysteries.
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1
mania
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n.疯狂;躁狂症,狂热,癖好 | |
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2
anathemas
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n.(天主教的)革出教门( anathema的名词复数 );诅咒;令人极其讨厌的事;被基督教诅咒的人或事 | |
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3
profanation
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n.亵渎 | |
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4
anatomy
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n.解剖学,解剖;功能,结构,组织 | |
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5
physiology
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n.生理学,生理机能 | |
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6
psychology
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n.心理,心理学,心理状态 | |
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7
aberration
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n.离开正路,脱离常规,色差 | |
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8
morbid
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adj.病的;致病的;病态的;可怕的 | |
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9
brutal
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adj.残忍的,野蛮的,不讲理的 | |
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10
insanity
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n.疯狂,精神错乱;极端的愚蠢,荒唐 | |
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11
bestial
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adj.残忍的;野蛮的 | |
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12
grafts
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移植( graft的名词复数 ); 行贿; 接穗; 行贿得到的利益 | |
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13
exalted
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adj.(地位等)高的,崇高的;尊贵的,高尚的 | |
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14
supercilious
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adj.目中无人的,高傲的;adv.高傲地;n.高傲 | |
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15
psychic
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n.对超自然力敏感的人;adj.有超自然力的 | |
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16
ridicule
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v.讥讽,挖苦;n.嘲弄 | |
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17
corrupt
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v.贿赂,收买;adj.腐败的,贪污的 | |
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18
scenting
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vt.闻到(scent的现在分词形式) | |
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19
scent
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n.气味,香味,香水,线索,嗅觉;v.嗅,发觉 | |
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20
simplicity
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n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯 | |
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21
dwarfs
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n.侏儒,矮子(dwarf的复数形式)vt.(使)显得矮小(dwarf的第三人称单数形式) | |
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22
profusion
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n.挥霍;丰富 | |
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23
lavishness
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n.浪费,过度 | |
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24
artifices
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n.灵巧( artifice的名词复数 );诡计;巧妙办法;虚伪行为 | |
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mechanisms
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n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 );机械装置;[生物学] 机制;机械作用 | |
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renovate
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vt.更新,革新,刷新 | |
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impetus
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n.推动,促进,刺激;推动力 | |
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28
attains
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(通常经过努力)实现( attain的第三人称单数 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况) | |
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29
esthetic
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adj.美学的,审美的;悦目的,雅致的 | |
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exquisite
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adj.精美的;敏锐的;剧烈的,感觉强烈的 | |
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31
inebriating
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vt.使酒醉,灌醉(inebriate的现在分词形式) | |
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32
varied
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adj.多样的,多变化的 | |
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33
tints
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色彩( tint的名词复数 ); 带白的颜色; (淡色)染发剂; 痕迹 | |
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splendor
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n.光彩;壮丽,华丽;显赫,辉煌 | |
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35
nuptial
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adj.婚姻的,婚礼的 | |
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splendors
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n.华丽( splendor的名词复数 );壮丽;光辉;显赫 | |
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37
amorous
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adj.多情的;有关爱情的 | |
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38
boughs
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大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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39
cypress
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n.柏树 | |
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40
plunge
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v.跳入,(使)投入,(使)陷入;猛冲 | |
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41
penetrate
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v.透(渗)入;刺入,刺穿;洞察,了解 | |
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42
recesses
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n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 );(工作或业务活动的)中止或暂停期间;学校的课间休息;某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 );将(墙)做成凹形,在(墙)上做壁龛;休息,休会,休庭 | |
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43
moss
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n.苔,藓,地衣 | |
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44
labyrinths
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迷宫( labyrinth的名词复数 ); (文字,建筑)错综复杂的 | |
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45
granite
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adj.花岗岩,花岗石 | |
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46
pollen
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n.[植]花粉 | |
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47
spores
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n.(细菌、苔藓、蕨类植物)孢子( spore的名词复数 )v.(细菌、苔藓、蕨类植物)孢子( spore的第三人称单数 ) | |
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48
pervaded
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v.遍及,弥漫( pervade的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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49
diffuse
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v.扩散;传播;adj.冗长的;四散的,弥漫的 | |
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50
voluptuous
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adj.肉欲的,骄奢淫逸的 | |
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51
fervent
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adj.热的,热烈的,热情的 | |
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52
fecundity
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n.生产力;丰富 | |
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53
murmurs
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n.低沉、连续而不清的声音( murmur的名词复数 );低语声;怨言;嘀咕 | |
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54
tinges
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n.细微的色彩,一丝痕迹( tinge的名词复数 ) | |
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55
jealousy
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n.妒忌,嫉妒,猜忌 | |
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56
cavern
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n.洞穴,大山洞 | |
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57
fissure
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n.裂缝;裂伤 | |
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58
oozing
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v.(浓液等)慢慢地冒出,渗出( ooze的现在分词 );使(液体)缓缓流出;(浓液)渗出,慢慢流出 | |
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59
glaciers
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冰河,冰川( glacier的名词复数 ) | |
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60
somber
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adj.昏暗的,阴天的,阴森的,忧郁的 | |
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61
contemplate
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vt.盘算,计议;周密考虑;注视,凝视 | |
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62
contemplates
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深思,细想,仔细考虑( contemplate的第三人称单数 ); 注视,凝视; 考虑接受(发生某事的可能性); 深思熟虑,沉思,苦思冥想 | |
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63
cemetery
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n.坟墓,墓地,坟场 | |
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64
cult
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n.异教,邪教;时尚,狂热的崇拜 | |
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65
zephyr
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n.和风,微风 | |
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66
voluptuousness
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n.风骚,体态丰满 | |
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67
physiologist
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n.生理学家 | |
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68
brutes
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兽( brute的名词复数 ); 畜生; 残酷无情的人; 兽性 | |
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69
sketched
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v.草拟(sketch的过去式与过去分词形式) | |
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70
robust
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adj.强壮的,强健的,粗野的,需要体力的,浓的 | |
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71
prey
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n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食;v.捕食,掠夺,折磨 | |
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72
fettered
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v.给…上脚镣,束缚( fetter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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73
virile
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adj.男性的;有男性生殖力的;有男子气概的;强有力的 | |
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74
violation
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n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯 | |
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75
evade
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vt.逃避,回避;避开,躲避 | |
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76
tempted
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v.怂恿(某人)干不正当的事;冒…的险(tempt的过去分词) | |
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77
minor
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adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修 | |
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78
precisely
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adv.恰好,正好,精确地,细致地 | |
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79
psychical
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adj.有关特异功能现象的;有关特异功能官能的;灵魂的;心灵的 | |
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80
whim
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n.一时的兴致,突然的念头;奇想,幻想 | |
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81
vow
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n.誓(言),誓约;v.起誓,立誓 | |
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82
fidelity
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n.忠诚,忠实;精确 | |
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83
spouse
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n.配偶(指夫或妻) | |
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84
bastard
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n.坏蛋,混蛋;私生子 | |
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85
antelope
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n.羚羊;羚羊皮 | |
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86
impudent
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adj.鲁莽的,卑鄙的,厚颜无耻的 | |
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87
libertinism
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n.放荡,玩乐,(对宗教事物的)自由思想 | |
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88
lascivious
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adj.淫荡的,好色的 | |
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89
lasciviousness
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90
lewdness
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n. 淫荡, 邪恶 | |
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91
temperaments
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性格( temperament的名词复数 ); (人或动物的)气质; 易冲动; (性情)暴躁 | |
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92
fiery
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adj.燃烧着的,火红的;暴躁的;激烈的 | |
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93
jealousies
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n.妒忌( jealousy的名词复数 );妒羡 | |
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94
bloody
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adj.非常的的;流血的;残忍的;adv.很;vt.血染 | |
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95
holocaust
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n.大破坏;大屠杀 | |
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96
drawn
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v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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97
hymn
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n.赞美诗,圣歌,颂歌 | |
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98
smothered
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(使)窒息, (使)透不过气( smother的过去式和过去分词 ); 覆盖; 忍住; 抑制 | |
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99
beholds
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v.看,注视( behold的第三人称单数 );瞧;看呀;(叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现)哎哟 | |
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100
behold
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v.看,注视,看到 | |
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101
thickets
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n.灌木丛( thicket的名词复数 );丛状物 | |
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102
exhausted
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adj.极其疲惫的,精疲力尽的 | |
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103
fatigue
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n.疲劳,劳累 | |
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104
vanquish
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v.征服,战胜;克服;抑制 | |
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105
peculiar
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adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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106
travesties
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n.拙劣的模仿作品,荒谬的模仿,歪曲( travesty的名词复数 ) | |
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107
conceal
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v.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽 | |
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108
concealed
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a.隐藏的,隐蔽的 | |
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109
pallid
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adj.苍白的,呆板的 | |
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110
lavished
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v.过分给予,滥施( lavish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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111
insufficient
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adj.(for,of)不足的,不够的 | |
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112
depict
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vt.描画,描绘;描写,描述 | |
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113
meager
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adj.缺乏的,不足的,瘦的 | |
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114
voluptuously
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adv.风骚地,体态丰满地 | |
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115
aroma
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n.香气,芬芳,芳香 | |
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116
slate
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n.板岩,石板,石片,石板色,候选人名单;adj.暗蓝灰色的,含板岩的;vt.用石板覆盖,痛打,提名,预订 | |
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117
furrowed
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v.犁田,开沟( furrow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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118
petals
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n.花瓣( petal的名词复数 ) | |
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119
hustle
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v.推搡;竭力兜售或获取;催促;n.奔忙(碌) | |
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120
pebbles
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[复数]鹅卵石; 沙砾; 卵石,小圆石( pebble的名词复数 ) | |
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121
lizard
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n.蜥蜴,壁虎 | |
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122
sullenly
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不高兴地,绷着脸,忧郁地 | |
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123
savory
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adj.风味极佳的,可口的,味香的 | |
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124
withered
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adj. 枯萎的,干瘪的,(人身体的部分器官)因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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125
pedestrians
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n.步行者( pedestrian的名词复数 ) | |
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126
microscopic
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adj.微小的,细微的,极小的,显微的 | |
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127
defense
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n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩 | |
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128
shrug
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v.耸肩(表示怀疑、冷漠、不知等) | |
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129
touching
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adj.动人的,使人感伤的 | |
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130
velvet
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n.丝绒,天鹅绒;adj.丝绒制的,柔软的 | |
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131
velvety
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adj. 像天鹅绒的, 轻软光滑的, 柔软的 | |
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132
ardent
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adj.热情的,热烈的,强烈的,烈性的 | |
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133
gems
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growth; economy; management; and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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134
seducer
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n.诱惑者,骗子,玩弄女性的人 | |
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135
impatience
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n.不耐烦,急躁 | |
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136
caress
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vt./n.爱抚,抚摸 | |
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137
caresses
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爱抚,抚摸( caress的名词复数 ) | |
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138
wink
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n.眨眼,使眼色,瞬间;v.眨眼,使眼色,闪烁 | |
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139
leisurely
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adj.悠闲的;从容的,慢慢的 | |
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140
repose
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v.(使)休息;n.安息 | |
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141
relish
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n.滋味,享受,爱好,调味品;vt.加调味料,享受,品味;vi.有滋味 | |
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142
scintillating
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adj.才气横溢的,闪闪发光的; 闪烁的 | |
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143
juxtaposition
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n.毗邻,并置,并列 | |
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144
speck
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n.微粒,小污点,小斑点 | |
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145
adorns
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装饰,佩带( adorn的第三人称单数 ) | |
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146
prance
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v.(马)腾跃,(人)神气活现地走 | |
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147
corporeal
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adj.肉体的,身体的;物质的 | |
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148
nude
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adj.裸体的;n.裸体者,裸体艺术品 | |
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149
passionate
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adj.热情的,热烈的,激昂的,易动情的,易怒的,性情暴躁的 | |
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150
chaste
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adj.贞洁的;有道德的;善良的;简朴的 | |
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151
inebriated
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adj.酒醉的 | |
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152
hues
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色彩( hue的名词复数 ); 色调; 信仰; 观点 | |
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153
hue
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n.色度;色调;样子 | |
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154
spasms
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n.痉挛( spasm的名词复数 );抽搐;(能量、行为等的)突发;发作 | |
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155
azure
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adj.天蓝色的,蔚蓝色的 | |
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156
tawny
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adj.茶色的,黄褐色的;n.黄褐色 | |
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157
corroded
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已被腐蚀的 | |
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158
frayed
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adj.磨损的v.(使布、绳等)磨损,磨破( fray的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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159
rust
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n.锈;v.生锈;(脑子)衰退 | |
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160
frugal
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adj.节俭的,节约的,少量的,微量的 | |
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161
rendezvous
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n.约会,约会地点,汇合点;vi.汇合,集合;vt.使汇合,使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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162
sprightly
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adj.愉快的,活泼的 | |
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163
petulant
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adj.性急的,暴躁的 | |
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164
narrate
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v.讲,叙述 | |
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165
shrieks
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n.尖叫声( shriek的名词复数 )v.尖叫( shriek的第三人称单数 ) | |
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166
chirping
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鸟叫,虫鸣( chirp的现在分词 ) | |
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167
basking
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v.晒太阳,取暖( bask的现在分词 );对…感到乐趣;因他人的功绩而出名;仰仗…的余泽 | |
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168
beaks
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n.鸟嘴( beak的名词复数 );鹰钩嘴;尖鼻子;掌权者 | |
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169
beak
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n.鸟嘴,茶壶嘴,钩形鼻 | |
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170
importunate
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adj.强求的;纠缠不休的 | |
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171
naturalist
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n.博物学家(尤指直接观察动植物者) | |
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172
chattering
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n. (机器振动发出的)咔嗒声,(鸟等)鸣,啁啾 adj. 喋喋不休的,啾啾声的 动词chatter的现在分词形式 | |
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173
humiliate
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v.使羞辱,使丢脸[同]disgrace | |
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174
compassion
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n.同情,怜悯 | |
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175
etiquette
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n.礼仪,礼节;规矩 | |
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176
hypocrisy
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n.伪善,虚伪 | |
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177
chestnut
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n.栗树,栗子 | |
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178
elongated
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v.延长,加长( elongate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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179
petulance
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n.发脾气,生气,易怒,暴躁,性急 | |
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180
insistent
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adj.迫切的,坚持的 | |
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181
hurl
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vt.猛投,力掷,声叫骂 | |
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182
insolence
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n.傲慢;无礼;厚颜;傲慢的态度 | |
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183
whines
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n.悲嗥声( whine的名词复数 );哀鸣者v.哀号( whine的第三人称单数 );哀诉,诉怨 | |
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184
shrills
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(声音)尖锐的,刺耳的,高频率的( shrill的第三人称单数 ) | |
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185
implores
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恳求或乞求(某人)( implore的第三人称单数 ) | |
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186
prating
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v.(古时用语)唠叨,啰唆( prate的现在分词 ) | |
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187
bickering
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v.争吵( bicker的现在分词 );口角;(水等)作潺潺声;闪烁 | |
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188
fatigued
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adj. 疲乏的 | |
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189
shrieking
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v.尖叫( shriek的现在分词 ) | |
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190
insolent
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adj.傲慢的,无理的 | |
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191
intervals
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n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 );间隔时间;[数学]区间;(戏剧、电影或音乐会的)幕间休息 | |
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192
obstinate
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adj.顽固的,倔强的,不易屈服的,较难治愈的 | |
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193
persecutor
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n. 迫害者 | |
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194
piqued
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v.伤害…的自尊心( pique的过去式和过去分词 );激起(好奇心) | |
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195
indifference
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n.不感兴趣,不关心,冷淡,不在乎 | |
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196
decided
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adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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197
courageous
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adj.勇敢的,有胆量的 | |
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198
commingle
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v.混合 | |
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199
brink
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n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘,边沿 | |
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200
hospitable
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adj.好客的;宽容的;有利的,适宜的 | |
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201
specimens
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n.样品( specimen的名词复数 );范例;(化验的)抽样;某种类型的人 | |
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202
phenomena
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n.现象 | |
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203
germinative
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adj.发芽的,有发育力的 | |
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204
meditation
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n.熟虑,(尤指宗教的)默想,沉思,(pl.)冥想录 | |
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205
incentive
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n.刺激;动力;鼓励;诱因;动机 | |
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206
perpetuate
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v.使永存,使永记不忘 | |
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207
intercourses
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交流,交往,交际( intercourse的名词复数 ) | |
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208
puritanical
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adj.极端拘谨的;道德严格的 | |
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209
modesty
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n.谦逊,虚心,端庄,稳重,羞怯,朴素 | |
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210
sublime
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adj.崇高的,伟大的;极度的,不顾后果的 | |
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211
maiden
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n.少女,处女;adj.未婚的,纯洁的,无经验的 | |
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212
throb
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v.震颤,颤动;(急速强烈地)跳动,搏动 | |
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