If you ask a hundred women what is the most common fault of love, probably the same reply will be repeated a hundred times: "Love is inconstant; love is a liar1." If, on the other hand, you consult the gloomy volumes in which man gathers the statistics of his crimes, you will find several columns bristling2 with figures indicating the large number of suicides and homicides for love; you will find no records of inconstancy, and but rarely, scattered3 here and there, some cases of adultery. The jurymen, then, that amorphous5 and chaotic6 mass in which every idea of right and wrong dissolves and vanishes, always deal very leniently7 with crimes for which the code would send the culprit to death or to prison for life, and they often acquit8 the man who has turned murderer for love.
In none of the human institutions is such impenetrable darkness as in the field of love, where an intricate mass of reticences, contradictions, tolerations and cruelties causes common sense to stumble at every step and, what is worse, offends and wounds the sentiment of justice. It is a written law that adultery is a crime to be punished with the gravest penalties, but in actual life adultery is the most common and most venial10 sin ever known; it is not only tolerated, but fêted and almost accepted as a social institution. The incitement11 to prostitution is considered a very serious crime, but many legislators sell their daughters to a rich husband who cannot love her, never will love her and will drive her to adultery with the force of irresistible12 necessity. And is this not prostitution? Man is either not worthy13 of the laws which he has imposed on himself, or he is rambling14 in a[Pg 212] labyrinth15 of maniacal17 vertigo18; he is either an arrogant19 blockhead or a shameless liar.
Man is a little of all this, but he is chiefly a hypocrite. He proclaims solemnly to the four winds that he is a son of God and that he inhabits the earth by chance and temporarily; born in Olympus, he will return there soon and forever. He is a god on vacation who condescends20 to play and eat with the peasants, but he is winged and lives only on ideals. A moment later he forgets his proclamations, his braggardism and shows more than ever that he is an animal of the soil; he sees the painful contrast between what he has said and what he has done, covers himself and goes into hiding. Such is the eternal formula of his eternal contradictions. In love he lies more frequently and more brazenly21 than in any other case. He has supposed for a moment that love, too, could be just and hence measured on the same scale as the other sentiments, and above all leveled by the common yoke22 of the other affections. And yet love may possess all virtues24; it may be merciful, heroic, kind, generous, but it can never be just; born in injustice25, it lives on injustice and dies of injustice; it has but one right—strength; it possesses only one weapon—arrogance.
When deceived love arms itself with an homicidal knife, I class that crime among the most inevitable26 effects of instantaneous hatred27 and natural revenge; when love is imposed as a duty on a girl, and instead of love hatred is born, instead of affection contempt springs up, I remark that love cannot be ordered for a fixed28 hour like a dinner, and that, if infamies29 and bastards30 are born from the obscene nuptials31 of gold and vanity, love has nothing to do with it, because love was absent, and he who can prove an alibi32 is at once acquitted33 by the most cruel and most stubborn of public prosecutors35. When I see love kill dignity, friendship, the holiest affections of the heart; when I see it breaking with furious rage the iron bars of the cage in which a cruel code of laws has imprisoned36 it, I acquit it instantly because love is not a wild beast that can be shut up in a menagerie, but a creature as free as air, that lives on bright light and[Pg 213] burning suns, on the aroma37 of the forest and the fragrance38 of the meadows. You have made it hydrophobic with hunger and thirst; you have made it furious with your own violence; and you complain because the mad creature bites and kills? This is admitted to be true by universal consent; and as there is an immense inequality between what the laws require and that of which human loves are capable, men shrug39 their shoulders and forgive, forgive always, forgive all, even where human justice should rise in all the solemn grandeur40 of its majesty41 to protect the most sacred rights of family and society. In the codes, love is often a crime; in the paths of life, for the most rigorous individuals, it is at most a weakness—a dear, a sympathetic weakness.
For me hypocrisy42 is a chain that ties and chokes love in modern society, and I dare affirm that the only fault, the only crime which this sentiment can commit is falsehood. Let us begin by freeing it from the leprosy which infects, devours43, disgraces it, and then we shall see what remains44 sound beneath in that dear, nude45 and virginal love that Mother Nature has conceded us. Let us first save the life of this poor creature, and then we shall attend to the rest; we shall find out whether it has other misfortunes, whether it can commit other crimes besides that of lying.
In my opinion, love is today a liar from head to foot; a liar when it swears and when it forswears; a liar when, a hundred times a day, it pronounces the words eternal, eternity47, eternally; it is a liar in law and in life; it is unfaithful, a thief, a traitor48, solely49 because it is a liar. I may have a Scipionian mania16, the fixed idea of a delenda Carthago; but if I should have to answer the questions: "Which are the true, the great loves?" "Which are the happy loves?" I would reply without hesitation50: "The sincere." All the faults of love are all lies; almost all the misfortunes of love are the offspring of untruth; and, finally, adultery is nothing but the most infamous51 of love's lies. "What is," I will ask in turn, "the only remedy for unhappy loves, the only anchor of salvation52 for betrayed loves?" "Sincerity53, sincerity, nothing but sincerity."
At the risk of seeing many disciples54 and many masters of love smile skeptically, I will say at once that woman, from the first day she loves, lies less than we do, and during the life of love she is less unfaithful than we are. Man, in his first declaration, even when quite sure that he loves, swears instantly, swears an eternity of infinite affection; while woman, more modest, more timid, more reserved, answers that she does not love yet; that she has not yet consulted her heart; that, perhaps, she will love. The less one swears, the less one forswears; and if a holy horror may deprive speech of some fiery55 accent and some amorous56 expansion of inebriating57 expressions, it nevertheless stamps it with virile58 dignity which makes it blessed among women, while it gives the sexual relations a character of tender reserve and delicate serenity59. Man often uses the "eternal oaths" as weapons of seduction, and parades them at every hour as a measure of the bottomless depths of his love; but sometimes he swears sincerely, honestly, because nothing so boldly generates eternity and infinity60 as does armed desire. It is only too true, however, that the hasty and imprudent vow61 is a fruitful father of lies and most fruitful grandparent of infidelity.
Very few are the eternal loves, as are geniuses, Venuses, and Apollos. We all anxiously climb the mountain of the ideal, but few can get a branch or a leaf of the sacred tree. Some loves of the lower orders last years; others, months; some of them are as transient as the ephemera, for which long is the life of a day. Now, frankness can give all loves the baptism of honesty, and even a frivolous62 man can die without amorous remorse63 if his loves were all honest. He has loved much and fleetingly64, but he has never lied, never betrayed anybody, never perjured65 himself.
Sometimes lies are told through compassion66, and woman, more frequently than we, striving in vain to keep alive a dying love, is loath67 to inflict68 a cruel wound on the companion who still loves her, and endeavors with a mighty69 effort to deceive herself and him, until through habit of hypocrisy she succeeds in feigning70 a love that no longer exists; and[Pg 215] from lie to betrayal the road is short and slippery. The lie at first was merciful, then it grew into a habit, and at last became transformed into a crime.
No; lovers or husbands, companions of voluptuousness71 or vestals of the family, never tell an untruth, even when it is suggested to you by pity. It is hard, cruel, to see the blooming tree of a happy passion felled by a sudden hurricane; tremendous is the rending72 of a heart that breaks in a day under the shock of an atrocious blight73; but these sorrows do not debase us, and, although capable of killing74, do not humiliate75 us. Love killed by violence remains stretched on the ground as beautiful as a thunderstruck angel, and memory weaves a wreath for him and with the most precious aromas76 and balsams preserves him from putrefaction77. Love killed by the lingering tabes of a secret betrayal, is a leper who dies in the fetidness of a hospital, a horror to himself and to the others; a corpse78 slowly corroded79 by phthisis and scrofula, leaving no trace whatever of the time when he, too, was a young and robust80 organism.
False and cruel is the pity that causes us to simulate a love which no longer exists. No sorrow is greater than that which deception81 inflicts82 upon us; love, self-esteem83, self-love, love of ownership, all the warmest and most powerful of human affections, are pierced with a hundred stabs at the same time, and the pain is so intense that it poisons all our life with wormwood and gall84. How beautiful, instead, how sublime85 is a love that, without swearing eternity or infinity, lasts eternal and infinite as long as two human hearts throb86 together; how beautiful is a love that needs no chains and lives on faith and liberty!
To love means to be all of another; to be loved means to have become a living part of another: the lie begins when, with cynical87 licentiousness88, the man or the woman is divided in two parts, and the body is given to one, the soul, as it were, to the other. Love is a whole that cannot be divided without being killed, and, unless voluptuousness is reduced to a plain question of hygiene89, one cannot love two human creatures at the same time with that sentiment which[Pg 216] for its superiority over all other affections is called love, without betraying both. I hold in much higher estimation a woman who, after a long career of facile loves, can say, "I have never loved two men at the same time," than a bigoted90 matron who boasts of having never betrayed her duties as a spouse91 because with wise and cautious lechery92 she knows how to sell voluptuousness without seriously compromising the property reserved for the husband.
Lies are all infamous; but in love there are some venial and some perfidious93: it is one thing to deceive an old libertine94 and another to betray a faithful husband; one to lie to a frivolous coquette, another to deceive a virtuous95 woman. Further on we shall outline the rights and duties of love; but here we must point out the stem from which they hang, like the grapes from their stalk. Woman belongs to man, man belongs to woman; Love is the son of the most free selection; it is born when it wants and as it wants; it appears on the plains or on the summit of the mountains; it is born nude and as free as the air; it does not ask for passports, because it passes with impunity97 through all the police lines.
Men and women, free and pure, you should seek and love each other; study true love, and consecrate98 it with the only vow that love should make when it would close itself in the temple of the family. If you truly love, if you are worthy of each other, if your love offends no superior duty, no human force can oppose your powerful attraction, and nature and men will bless your selection. Read and read again all that I have written on the first loves; swear seldom; never swear if you possess this virtue23; at most swear but once, the first and last oath that will unite you in wedlock99. The compact violated in the first steps of the life of love is a murder and prepares the career of a brigand100 tolerated by civilization. To betray a virgin46 is, in so far as the law is concerned, a question for the public prosecutor34 or for the mayor of your town; to betray her without dishonoring her is an anonymous101 infamy102 that poisons two existences and two loves, that leaves in you an eternal bitterness, in the[Pg 217] woman an eternal rancor103. Love, seek, study each other, but never swear, never lie to the maiden104 who at the dawn of youth demands of the first sun a ray to enlighten and warm her.
There is, however, a lie in love that excels all lies, a betrayal that surpasses all others; there is a perfidiousness105 that outclasses every assassination106, every homicide, every rape96: love with the wife of another, a crime which, protected by the law, cherished by consuetudes, fêted by our infamously107 hypocritical customs, avoids prison and scaffold only because it takes the simple and easy precaution not to be termed adultery. To introduce ourselves into the sanctuary108 of a happy family, to become a friend to him whom we wish to betray, to cover him with the mantle109 of our benevolent110 protection; to seduce111 slowly and pitilessly the wife of another; with surprise, with the thousand pitfalls112 of moral violence to open for her an abyss into which she will fall; to acquire with the first conquest the impunity of a long series of crimes and open in the family a large spring of gall that will poison two or three generations: to do all this without expense and without danger,—these in our century are termed the deeds of astute113 men, the consolation114 of unhappy wives; and it can be done once, twice, ten times without the perpetrators losing either the love of women or the esteem of men.
To be seized by a vertigo of the senses, to embrace publicly the wife of another, or to let oneself be seen by her husband, is called adultery, and, according to the circumstances and, above all, the gravity of the scandal, it means a journey to prison or to some other rigorous penal9 institution; it means disgrace to one's name and to that of one's children. Modern society particularly recommends prudence115; it does not want any scandal; it does not want to be disturbed in its loves so amply polygamous, but so piously116 cautious; modern civilization does not wish to behold117 publicly any nudity whatever; it wishes to be believed moral, respectful and respected. It matters little and is none of its concern if an astute libertine spends his youth in filling families with bastards, awaiting the day when he can abandon the betrayed wives for a convenient marriage. It is a private affair with which husbands and wives should occupy themselves individually. It is recommended to do things nicely, to make no noise, to take good care of the keyholes and listen attentively118 to the footsteps of those who walk in the apartments. The meshes119 of the law are wide, very wide; he must be more than an idiot who falls into them and cannot extricate120 himself. The flag of matrimony covers all contraband121; to try to establish one's paternity is prohibited; the sons born of a legitimate122 couple are legitimate. Onward123, onward! For heaven's sake do not bother with your whims124 and your embarrassing declarations of foreign merchandise. The customs, officers close their eyes and do not see, shut their ears and do not hear; why are you such an idiotic125 crowd as to wish to awaken126 them with your imprudent cries? Onward, onward! The meshes of the law are wide. Bastardize families, falsify names and surnames, spread mendacity and sow deception in all the paths of social and civil life! Disseminate127 lies and scatter4 deceptions128 everywhere! See to it that there shall be no wall against which to lean, no road that can be trod without injuring the foot with a sharp stone or a piece of poisoned glass! Make the name of father a senseless word, that of mother a blasphemy129!
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1
liar
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| n.说谎的人 | |
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bristling
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| a.竖立的 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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scatter
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| vt.撒，驱散，散开；散布/播；vi.分散，消散 | |
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amorphous
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| adj.无定形的 | |
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chaotic
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| adj.混沌的，一片混乱的，一团糟的 | |
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leniently
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| 温和地，仁慈地 | |
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acquit
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| vt.宣判无罪；(oneself)使(自己)表现出 | |
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penal
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| adj.刑罚的；刑法上的 | |
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venial
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| adj.可宽恕的；轻微的 | |
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incitement
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| 激励； 刺激； 煽动； 激励物 | |
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irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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rambling
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| adj.[建]凌乱的，杂乱的 | |
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labyrinth
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| n.迷宫；难解的事物；迷路 | |
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mania
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| n.疯狂；躁狂症，狂热，癖好 | |
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maniacal
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| adj.发疯的 | |
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vertigo
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| n.眩晕 | |
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arrogant
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的 | |
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condescends
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| 屈尊，俯就( condescend的第三人称单数 )； 故意表示和蔼可亲 | |
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brazenly
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| adv.厚颜无耻地；厚脸皮地肆无忌惮地 | |
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yoke
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| n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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infamies
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| n.声名狼藉( infamy的名词复数 )；臭名；丑恶；恶行 | |
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bastards
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| 私生子( bastard的名词复数 )； 坏蛋； 讨厌的事物； 麻烦事 （认为别人走运或不幸时说）家伙 | |
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nuptials
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| n.婚礼；婚礼( nuptial的名词复数 ) | |
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alibi
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| n.某人当时不在犯罪现场的申辩或证明；借口 | |
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acquitted
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| 宣判…无罪( acquit的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（自己）作出某种表现 | |
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prosecutor
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| n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人 | |
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prosecutors
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| 检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人 | |
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imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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aroma
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| n.香气，芬芳，芳香 | |
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fragrance
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| n.芬芳，香味，香气 | |
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shrug
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| v.耸肩(表示怀疑、冷漠、不知等) | |
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grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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hypocrisy
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| n.伪善，虚伪 | |
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devours
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| 吞没( devour的第三人称单数 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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nude
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| adj.裸体的；n.裸体者，裸体艺术品 | |
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virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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eternity
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| n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷 | |
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traitor
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| n.叛徒，卖国贼 | |
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solely
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| adv.仅仅，唯一地 | |
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hesitation
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| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
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infamous
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| adj.声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的，邪恶的 | |
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salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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disciples
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| n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一 | |
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fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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amorous
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| adj.多情的；有关爱情的 | |
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inebriating
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| vt.使酒醉，灌醉（inebriate的现在分词形式） | |
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virile
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| adj.男性的；有男性生殖力的；有男子气概的；强有力的 | |
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serenity
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| n.宁静，沉着，晴朗 | |
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infinity
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| n.无限，无穷，大量 | |
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vow
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| n.誓(言)，誓约；v.起誓，立誓 | |
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frivolous
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| adj.轻薄的；轻率的 | |
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remorse
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| n.痛恨，悔恨，自责 | |
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fleetingly
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| adv.飞快地，疾驰地 | |
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perjured
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| adj.伪证的，犯伪证罪的v.发假誓，作伪证( perjure的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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compassion
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| n.同情，怜悯 | |
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loath
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| adj.不愿意的；勉强的 | |
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inflict
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| vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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feigning
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| 假装，伪装( feign的现在分词 )； 捏造（借口、理由等） | |
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71
voluptuousness
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| n.风骚，体态丰满 | |
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72
rending
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| v.撕碎( rend的现在分词 )；分裂；（因愤怒、痛苦等而）揪扯（衣服或头发等）；（声音等）刺破 | |
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73
blight
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| n.枯萎病；造成破坏的因素；vt.破坏，摧残 | |
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74
killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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75
humiliate
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| v.使羞辱，使丢脸[同]disgrace | |
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76
aromas
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| n.芳香( aroma的名词复数 )；气味；风味；韵味 | |
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77
putrefaction
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| n.腐坏，腐败 | |
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78
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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79
corroded
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| 已被腐蚀的 | |
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80
robust
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| adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的 | |
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deception
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| n.欺骗，欺诈；骗局，诡计 | |
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82
inflicts
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的第三人称单数 ) | |
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83
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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84
gall
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| v.使烦恼，使焦躁，难堪；n.磨难 | |
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85
sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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86
throb
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| v.震颤，颤动；(急速强烈地)跳动，搏动 | |
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87
cynical
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| adj.(对人性或动机)怀疑的，不信世道向善的 | |
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88
licentiousness
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| n.放肆，无法无天 | |
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89
hygiene
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| n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic） | |
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90
bigoted
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| adj.固执己见的，心胸狭窄的 | |
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spouse
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| n.配偶(指夫或妻) | |
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92
lechery
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| n.好色；淫荡 | |
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perfidious
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| adj.不忠的，背信弃义的 | |
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libertine
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| n.淫荡者；adj.放荡的，自由思想的 | |
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virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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rape
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| n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸 | |
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impunity
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| n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
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consecrate
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| v.使圣化，奉…为神圣；尊崇；奉献 | |
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wedlock
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| n.婚姻，已婚状态 | |
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100
brigand
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| n.土匪，强盗 | |
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101
anonymous
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| adj.无名的；匿名的；无特色的 | |
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102
infamy
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| n.声名狼藉，出丑，恶行 | |
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103
rancor
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| n.深仇，积怨 | |
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104
maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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perfidiousness
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| n. 不忠 | |
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106
assassination
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| n.暗杀；暗杀事件 | |
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107
infamously
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| 不名誉地 | |
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108
sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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109
mantle
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| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
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110
benevolent
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| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
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111
seduce
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| vt.勾引，诱奸，诱惑，引诱 | |
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112
pitfalls
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| （捕猎野兽用的）陷阱( pitfall的名词复数 )； 意想不到的困难，易犯的错误 | |
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113
astute
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| adj.机敏的，精明的 | |
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114
consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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115
prudence
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| n.谨慎，精明，节俭 | |
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116
piously
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| adv.虔诚地 | |
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117
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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118
attentively
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| adv.聚精会神地；周到地；谛；凝神 | |
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119
meshes
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| 网孔( mesh的名词复数 )； 网状物； 陷阱； 困境 | |
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120
extricate
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| v.拯救，救出；解脱 | |
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121
contraband
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| n.违禁品，走私品 | |
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122
legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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123
onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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124
WHIMS
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| 虚妄，禅病 | |
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125
idiotic
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| adj.白痴的 | |
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126
awaken
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| vi.醒，觉醒；vt.唤醒，使觉醒，唤起，激起 | |
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127
disseminate
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| v.散布；传播 | |
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128
deceptions
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| 欺骗( deception的名词复数 )； 骗术，诡计 | |
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129
blasphemy
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| n.亵渎，渎神 | |
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