"Kennan! Oh, Kennan! Turn out! It's day light!" A sleepy grunt2 and a still more drowsy3 "Is it?" from the pile of furs lying on the rough plank4 floor betrayed no very lively interest on the part of the prostrate5 figure in the fact announced, while the heavy, long-drawn6 breathing which soon succeeded this momentary7 interruption proved that more active measures must be taken to recall him from the land of dreams. "I say! Kennan! Wake up! Breakfast has been ready this half-hour." The magic word "breakfast" appealed to a stronger feeling than drowsiness8, and, thrusting my head out from beneath its covering of furs, I took a sleepy, blinking view of the situation, endeavouring in a feeble sort of way to recollect9 where I was and how I came there. A bright crackling fire of resinous10 pine boughs11 was burning on the square log altar in the centre of the hut, radiating a fierce heat to its remotest corner, and causing the perspiration12 to stand in great beads13 on its mouldy logs and rough board ceiling. The smoke rose lazily through the square hole in the roof toward the white, solemn-looking stars, which winked14 soberly at us between the dark overhanging branches of the larches15. Mr. Leet, who acted as the Soyer of our campaign, was standing16 over me with a slice of bacon impaled17 on a bowie-knife in one hand, and a poker18 in the other—both of which insignia of office he was brandishing19 furiously, with the intention of waking me up more effectually. His frantic20 gesticulations had the desired result. With a vague impression that I had been shipwrecked on the Cannibal Islands and was about to be sacrificed to the tutelary21 deities22, I sprang up and rubbed my eyes until I gathered together my scattered23 senses. Mr. Leet was in high glee. Our travelling companion, the postilion, had manifested for several days an inclination24 to shirk work and allow us to do all the road-breaking, while he followed comfortably in our tracks, and by this strategic manoeuvre25 had incurred26 Mr. Leet's most implacable hatred27. The latter, therefore, had waked the unfortunate man up before he had been asleep five hours, and had deluded28 him into the belief that the aurora29 borealis was the first flush of daylight. He had accordingly started off at midnight and was laboriously30 breaking a road up the steep mountain side through three feet of soft snow, relying upon Mr. Leet's promise that we would be along before sunrise. At five o'clock, when I got up, the voices of the postilion's men could still be heard shouting to their exhausted31 dogs near the summit of the mountain. We all breakfasted as slowly as possible, in order to give them plenty of time to break a road for us, and did not finally start until after six o'clock.
It was a beautifully clear, still morning when we crossed the mountain above the yurt, and wound around through bare open valleys, among high hills, toward the seacoast. The sun had risen over the eastern hill-tops, and the snow glittered as if strewn with diamonds, while the distant peaks of the Viliga, appeared—
"Bathed in the tenderest purple of distance
Tinted32 and shadowed by pencils of air"—
as calm and bright in their snowy majesty33 as if the suspicion of a storm had never attached to their smooth white slopes and sharp pinnacles34. The air, although intensely cold, was clear and bracing35; and as our dogs bounded at a gallop36 over the hard, broken road, the exhilarating motion caused the very blood in our veins37
"—to dance
Blithe38 as the sparkling wine of France."
About noon we came out of the mountains upon the sea beach and overtook the postilion, who had stopped to rest his tired dogs. Our own being fresh, we again took the lead, and drew rapidly near to the valley of the Viliga.
I was just mentally congratulating myself upon our good fortune in having clear weather to pass this dreaded39 point, when my attention was attracted by a curious white cloud or mist, extending from the mouth of the Viliga ravine far out over the black open water of the Okhotsk Sea. Wondering what it could be, I pointed40 it out to our guide, and inquired if it were fog. His face clouded up with anxiety as he glanced at it, and replied laconically41, "Viliga dooreet," or "The mountains are fooling." This oracular response did not enlighten me very much, and I demanded an explanation. I was then told, to my astonishment42 and dismay, that the curious white mist which I had taken to be fog was a dense43 driving cloud of snow, hurled44 out of the mouth of the ravine by a storm, which had apparently45 just begun in the upper gorges46 of the Stanavoi range. It would be impossible, our guide said, to cross the valley, and dangerous to attempt it until the wind should subside47. I could not see either the impossibility or the danger, and as there was another yurt or shelter-house on the other side of the ravine, I determined48 to go on and make the attempt at least to cross. Where we were the weather was perfectly49 calm and still; a candle would have burned in the open air without flickering50; and I could not realise the tremendous force of the hurricane which, only a mile ahead, was vomiting51 snow out of the mouth of that ravine and carrying it four miles to sea. Seeing that Leet and I were determined to cross the valley, our guide shrugged52 his shoulders expressively53, as much as to say, "You will soon regret your haste," and we went on.
As we gradually approached the white curtain of mist, we began to feel sharp intermittent54 puffs55 of wind and little whirlwinds of snow, which increased constantly in strength and frequency as we drew nearer and nearer to the mouth of the ravine. Our guide once more remonstrated56 with us upon the folly57 of going deliberately58 into such a storm as this evidently would be; but Leet laughed him to scorn, declaring in broken Russian that he had seen storms in the Sierra Nevadas to which this was not a circumstance—"Bolshoi storms, you bet!" But in five minutes more Mr. Leet himself was ready to admit that this storm on the Viliga would not compare unfavourably with anything of the kind that he had ever seen in California. As we rounded the end of a protecting bluff59 on the edge of the ravine, the gale60 burst upon us in all its fury, blinding and suffocating61 us with dense clouds of driving snow, which blotted62 out instantly the sun and the clear blue sky, and fairly darkened the whole earth. The wind roared as it sometimes does through the cordage of a ship at sea. There was something almost supernatural in the suddenness of the change from bright sunshine and calm still air to this howling, blinding tempest, and I began to feel doubtful myself as to the practicability of crossing the valley. Our guide turned with a despairing look to me, as if reproaching me with my obstinacy63 in coming into the storm against his advice, and then urged on with shouts and blows his cowering64 dogs. The sockets65 of the poor brutes66' eyes were completely plastered up with snow, and out of many of them were oozing67 drops of blood; but blind as they were they still struggled on, uttering at intervals68 short mournful cries, which alarmed me more than the roaring of the storm. In a moment we were at the bottom of the ravine; and before we could check the impetus69 of our descent we were out on the smooth glare ice of the "Propashchina," or "River of the Lost," and sweeping70 rapidly down toward the open water of the Okhotsk Sea, only a hundred yards below. All our efforts to stop our sledges72 were at first unavailing against the force of the wind, and I began to understand the nature of the danger to which our guide had alluded73. Unless we could stop our sledges before we should reach the mouth of the river we must inevitably74 be blown off the ice into three or four fathoms75 of water. Precisely76 such a disaster had given the river its ominous77 name, Leet and the Cossack Paderin, who were alone upon their respective sledges, and who did not get so far from the shore in the first place, finally succeeded with the aid of their spiked78 sticks in getting back; but the old guide and I were together upon one sledge71, and our voluminous fur clothes caught so much wind that our spiked sticks would not stop or hold us, and our dogs could not keep their feet. Believing that the sledge must inevitably be blown into the sea if we both clung to it, I finally relinquished79 my hold and tried to stop myself by sitting down, and then by lying down flat upon my face on the ice; but all was of no avail; my slippery furs took no hold of the smooth, treacherous80 surface, and I drifted away even faster than before. I had already torn off my mittens81, and as I slid at last over a rough place in the ice I succeeded in getting my finger-nails into the little corrugations of the surface and in stopping my perilous82 drift; but I hardly dared breathe lest I should lose my hold. Seeing my situation, Leet slid to me the sharp iron-spiked oerstel, which is used to check the speed of a sledge in descending83 hills, and by digging this into the ice at short intervals I crept back to shore, only a short distance above the open water at the mouth of the river, into which my mittens had already gone. Our guide was still sliding slowly and at intervals down stream, but Paderin went to his assistance with another oerstel, and together they brought his sledge once more to land. I would have been quite satisfied now to turn back and get out of the storm; but our guide's blood was up, and cross the valley he would if we lost all our sledges in the sea. He had warned us of the danger and we had insisted upon coming on; we must now take the consequences. As it was evidently impossible to cross the river at this point, we struggled up its left bank in the teeth of the storm almost half a mile, until we reached a bend which put land between us and the open water. Here we made a second attempt, and were successful. Crossing a low ridge84 on the west side of the "Propashchina," we reached another small stream known as the Viliga, at the foot of the Viliga Mountains. Along this there extended a narrow strip of dense timber, and in this timber, somewhere, stood the yurt of which we were in search. Our guide seemed to find the road by a sort of instinct, for the drifting clouds of snow hid even our-leading dogs from sight, and all that we could see of the country was the ground on which we stood. About an hour before dark, tired and chilled to the bone, we drew up before a little log hut in the woods, which our guide said was the Viliga yurt. The last travellers who had occupied it had left the chimney hole open, and it was nearly filled with snow, but we cleared it out as well as we could, built a fire on the ground in the centre, and, regardless of the smoke, crouched85 around it to drink tea. We had seen nothing of the postilion since noon, and hardly thought it possible that he could reach the yurt; but just as it began to grow dark we heard the howling of his dogs in the woods, and in a few moments he made his appearance. Our party now numbered nine men—two Americans, three Russians, and four Koraks—and a wild-looking crowd it was, as it squatted86 around the fire in that low smoke-blackened hut, drinking tea and listening to the howling wind. As there was not room enough for all to sleep inside the yurt, the Koraks camped out-doors on the snow, and before morning were half buried in a drift.
All night the wind roared a deep, hoarse87 bass88 through the forest which sheltered the yurt, and at daylight on the following morning there was no abatement89 of the storm. We knew that it might blow without intermission in that ravine for two weeks, and we had only four days' dog-food and provisions left. Something must be done. The Viliga Mountains which blocked up the road to Yamsk were cut by three gaps or passes, all of which opened into the valley, and in clear weather could be easily found and crossed. In such a storm, however, as the one which had overtaken us, a hundred passes would be of no avail, because the drifting snow hid everything from sight at a distance of thirty feet, and we were as likely to go up the side of a peak as up the right pass, even if we could make our dogs face the storm at all, which was doubtful. After breakfast we held a council of war for the purpose of determining what it would be best to do. Our guide thought that our best course would be to go down the Viliga River to the coast, and make our way westward90, if possible, along what he called the "pripaika"—a narrow strip of sea ice generally found at the water's edge under the cliffs of a precipitous coast line. He could not promise us that this route would be practicable, but he had heard that there was a beach for at least a part of the distance between the Viliga and Yamsk, and he thought that we might make our way along this beach and the pripaika, or ice-foot, to a ravine, twenty-five or thirty miles farther west, which would lead us up on the tundra91 beyond the mountains. We could at least try this shelf of ice under the cliffs, and if we should find it impassable we could return, while if we went into the mountains in such a blizzard92 we might never get back. The plan suggested by the guide seemed to me a bold and attractive one and I decided93 to adopt it. Making our way down the river, in clouds of flying snow, we soon reached the coast, and started westward, along a narrow strip of ice-encumbered beach, between the open water of the sea and a long line of black perpendicular94 cliffs, one hundred and fifty to three hundred feet in height. We were making very fair progress when we found ourselves suddenly confronted by an entirely95 unexpected and apparently insurmountable obstacle. The beach, as far as we could see to the westward, was completely filled up from the water's edge to a height of seventy-five or a hundred feet by enormous drifts of snow, which had been gradually accumulating there throughout the winter, and which now masked the whole face of the precipice96, and left no room for passage between it and the sea. These snow-drifts, by frequent alternations of warm and cold weather, had been rendered almost as hard and slippery as ice, and as they sloped upward toward the tops of the cliffs at an angle of seventy-five or eighty degrees, it was impossible to stand upon them without first cutting places for the feet with an axe97. Along the face of this smooth, snowy escarpment, which rose directly out of two or three fathoms of water, lay our only route to Yamsk. The prospect98 of getting over it without meeting with some disaster seemed very faint, for the slightest caving away of the snow would tumble us all into the open sea; but as there was no alternative, we fastened our dogs to cakes of ice, distributed our axes and hatchets99, threw off our heavy fur coats, and began cutting out a road.
We worked hard all day, and by six o'clock in the evening had cut a deep trench100 three feet in width along the face of the escarpment to a point about a mile and a quarter west of the mouth of the Viliga. Here we were again stopped, however, by a difficulty infinitely101 worse than any that we had surmounted102. The beach, which had previously103 extended in one unbroken line along the foot of the cliffs, here suddenly disappeared, and the mass of snow over which we had been cutting a road came to an abrupt104 termination. Unsupported from beneath, the whole escarpment had caved away into the sea, leaving a gap of open water about thirty-five feet in width, out of which rose the black perpendicular wall of the coast. There was no possibility of getting across without the assistance of a pontoon bridge. Tired and disheartened, we were compelled to camp on the slope of the escarpment for the night, with no prospect of being able to do anything in the morning except return with all possible speed to the Viliga, and abandon the idea of reaching Yamsk altogether.
A wilder, more dangerous location for a camp than that which we occupied could hardly be found in Siberia, and I watched with the greatest uneasiness the signs of the weather as it began to grow dark. The huge sloping snow-drift upon which we stood rose directly out of the water, and, so far as we knew, it might have no other foundation than a narrow strip of ice. If so, the faintest breeze from any direction except north would roll in waves high enough to undermine and break up the whole escarpment, and either precipitate105 us with an avalanche106 of snow into the open sea, or leave us clinging like barnacles to the bare face of the precipice, seventy-five feet above it. Neither alternative was pleasant to contemplate107, and I determined, if possible, to find a place of greater security. Leet, with his usual recklessness, dug himself out what he called a "bedroom" in the snow about fifty feet above the water, and promised me "a good night's sleep" if I would accept his hospitality and share his cave; but under the circumstances I thought best to decline. His "bedroom," bed, and bedding might all tumble into the sea before morning, and his "good night's sleep" be indefinitely prolonged. Going back a short distance in the direction of the Viliga, I finally discovered a place where a small stream had once fallen over the summit of the cliff, and had worn out a steep narrow channel in its face. In the rocky, uneven108 bed of this little ravine the natives and I stretched ourselves out for the night, our bodies inclined at an angle of forty-five degrees—our heads, of course, up-hill.
If the reader can imagine himself camping out on the steep sloping roof of a great cathedral, with a precipice a hundred feet high over his head and three or four fathoms of open water at his feet, he will be able, perhaps, to form some idea of the way in which we spent that dismal109 night.
With the first streak110 of dawn we were up. While we were gloomily making preparations to return to the Viliga, one of the Koraks who had gone to take a last look at the gap of open water came hurriedly climbing back, shouting joyfully111, "Mozhno perryékat, mozhno perryékat!"—"It is possible to cross." The tide, which had risen during the night, had brought in two or three large cakes of broken ice, and had jammed them into the gap in such a manner as to make a rude bridge. Fearing, however, that it would not support a very heavy weight, we unloaded all our sledges, carried the loads, sledges, and dogs across separately, loaded up again on the other side, and went on. The worst of our difficulties was past. We still had some road-cutting to do through occasional snow-drifts; but as we went farther and farther to the westward the beach became wider and higher, the ice disappeared, and by night we were thirty versts nearer to our destination. The sea on one side, and the cliffs on the other, still hemmed112 us in; but on the following day we succeeded in making our escape through the valley of the Kánanaga River.
The twelfth day of our journey found us on a great steppe called the Málkachán, only thirty miles from Yamsk; and although our dog-food and provisions were both exhausted, we hoped to reach the settlement late in the night. Darkness came on, however, with another blinding snow-storm, in which we again lost our way; and, fearing that we might drive over the edges of the precipices113 into the sea by which the steppe was bounded on the east, we were finally compelled to stop. We could find no wood for a fire; but even had we succeeded in making a fire, it would have been instantly smothered114 by the clouds of snow which the furious wind drove across the plain. Spreading down our canvas tent upon the ground, and capsizing a heavy dog-sledge upon one edge of it to hold it fast, we crawled under it to get away from the suffocating snow. Lying there upon our faces, with the canvas flapping furiously against our backs, we scraped our bread-bag for the last few frozen crumbs115 which remained, and ate a few scraps116 of raw meat which Mr. Leet found on one of the sledges. In the course of fifteen or twenty minutes we noticed that the flappings of the canvas were getting shorter and shorter, and that it seemed to be tightening117 across our bodies, and upon making an effort to get out we found that we were fastened down. The snow had drifted in such masses upon the edges of the tent and had packed there with such solidity that it could not be moved, and after trying once or twice to break out we concluded to lie still and make the best of our situation. As long as the snow did not bury us entirely, we were better off under the tent than anywhere else, because we were protected from the wind. In half an hour the drift had increased to such an extent that we could no longer turn over, and our supply of air was almost entirely cut off. We must either get out or be suffocated118. I had drawn my sheath-knife fifteen minutes before in expectation of such a crisis, and as it was already becoming difficult to breathe, I cut a long slit119 in the canvas above my head and we crawled out. In an instant eyes and nostrils120 were completely plastered up with snow, and we gasped121 for breath as if the stream of a fire-engine had been turned suddenly in our faces. Drawing our heads and arms into the bodies of our kukhlankas, we squatted down upon the snow to wait for daylight. In a moment I heard Mr. Leet shouting down into the neck-hole of my fur coat, "What would our mothers say if they could see us now?" I wanted to ask him how this would compare with a gale in his boasted Sierra Nevadas, but he was gone before I could get my head out, and I heard nothing more from him that night. He went away somewhere in the darkness and squatted down alone upon the snow, to suffer cold, hunger and anxiety until morning. For more than ten hours we sat in this way on that desolate122 storm-swept plain, without fire, food, or sleep, becoming more and more chilled and exhausted, until it seemed as if daylight would never come.
Morning dawned at last through gray drifting clouds of snow, and, getting up with stiffened123 limbs, we made feeble attempts to dig out our buried sledges. But for the unwearied efforts of Mr. Leet we should hardly have succeeded, as my hands and arms were so benumbed with cold that I could not hold an axe or a shovel124, and our drivers, frightened and discouraged, seemed unable to do anything. By Mr. Leet's individual exertions125 the sledges were dug out and we started. His brief spasm126 of energy was the last effort of a strong will to uphold a sinking and exhausted body, and in half an hour he requested to be tied on his sledge. We lashed127 him on from head to foot with sealskin thongs128, covered him up with bearskins, and drove on. In about an hour his driver, Padarin, came back to me with a frightened look in his face, and said that Mr. Leet was dead; that he had shaken him and called him several times, but could get no reply. Alarmed and shocked, I sprang from my sledge and ran up to the place where he lay, shouted to him, shook him by the shoulder, and tried to uncover his head, which he had drawn down into the body of his fur coat. In a moment, to my great relief, I heard his voice, saying that he was all right and could hold out, if necessary, until night; that he had not answered Padarin because it was too much trouble, but that I need not be alarmed about his safety; and then I thought he added something about "worse storms in the Sierra Nevadas," which convinced me that he was far from being used up yet. As long as he could insist upon the superiority of Californian storms, there was certainly hope.
Early in the afternoon we reached the Yamsk River and, after wandering about for an hour or two in the timber, came upon one of Lieutenant129 Arnold's Yakut working-parties and were conducted to their camp, only a few miles from the settlement. Here we obtained some rye bread and hot tea, warmed our benumbed limbs, and partially130 cleared the snow out of our clothing. When I saw Mr. Leet undressed I wondered that he had not died. While squatting131 out on the ground during the storm of the previous night, snow in great quantities had blown in at his neck, had partially melted with the warmth of his body, and had then frozen again in a mass of ice along his whole spine132, and in that condition he had lived to be driven twenty versts. Nothing but a strong will and the most intense vitality133 enabled him to hold out during these last six dismal hours. When we had warmed, rested, and dried ourselves at the camp-fire of the Yakuts, we resumed our journey, and late in the afternoon we drove into the settlement of Yamsk, after thirteen days of harder experience than usually falls to the lot of Siberian travellers, Mr. Leet so soon recovered his strength and spirits that three days afterwards he started for Okhotsk, where the Major wished him to take charge of a gang of Yakut labourers. The last words that I remember to have ever heard him speak were those which he shouted to me in the storm and darkness of that gloomy night on the Málkachán steppe: "What would our mothers say if they could see us now?" The poor fellow was afterwards driven insane by excitements and hardships such as these which I have described, and probably to some extent by this very expedition, and finally committed suicide by shooting himself at one of the lonely Siberian settlements on the coast of the Okhotsk Sea.
I have described somewhat in detail this trip to Yamsk because it illustrates134 the darkest side of Siberian life and travel. It is not often that one meets with such an experience, or suffers so many hardships in any one journey; but in a country so wild and sparsely135 populated as Siberia, winter travel is necessarily attended with more or less suffering and privation.
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1
sleepless
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| adj.不睡眠的，睡不著的，不休息的 | |
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2
grunt
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| v.嘟哝；作呼噜声；n.呼噜声，嘟哝 | |
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3
drowsy
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| adj.昏昏欲睡的，令人发困的 | |
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4
plank
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| n.板条，木板，政策要点，政纲条目 | |
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prostrate
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| v.拜倒，平卧，衰竭；adj.拜倒的，平卧的，衰竭的 | |
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6
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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7
momentary
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| adj.片刻的，瞬息的；短暂的 | |
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8
drowsiness
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| n.睡意；嗜睡 | |
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9
recollect
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| v.回忆，想起，记起，忆起，记得 | |
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10
resinous
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| adj.树脂的，树脂质的，树脂制的 | |
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11
boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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12
perspiration
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| n.汗水；出汗 | |
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13
beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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14
winked
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| v.使眼色( wink的过去式和过去分词 )；递眼色（表示友好或高兴等）；（指光）闪烁；闪亮 | |
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larches
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| n.落叶松（木材）( larch的名词复数 ) | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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impaled
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| 钉在尖桩上( impale的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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poker
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| n.扑克；vt.烙制 | |
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brandishing
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| v.挥舞( brandish的现在分词 )；炫耀 | |
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frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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tutelary
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| adj.保护的；守护的 | |
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deities
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| n.神，女神( deity的名词复数 )；神祗；神灵；神明 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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manoeuvre
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| n.策略，调动；v.用策略，调动 | |
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incurred
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| [医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式 | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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deluded
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| v.欺骗，哄骗( delude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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aurora
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| n.极光 | |
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laboriously
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| adv.艰苦地；费力地；辛勤地；（文体等）佶屈聱牙地 | |
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exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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tinted
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| adj. 带色彩的 动词tint的过去式和过去分词 | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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pinnacles
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| 顶峰( pinnacle的名词复数 )； 顶点； 尖顶； 小尖塔 | |
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bracing
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| adj.令人振奋的 | |
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gallop
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| v./n.(马或骑马等)飞奔；飞速发展 | |
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37
veins
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| n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理 | |
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38
blithe
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| adj.快乐的，无忧无虑的 | |
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39
dreaded
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| adj.令人畏惧的；害怕的v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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40
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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41
laconically
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| adv.简短地，简洁地 | |
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42
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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43
dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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44
hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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45
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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46
gorges
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| n.山峡，峡谷( gorge的名词复数 )；咽喉v.（用食物把自己）塞饱，填饱( gorge的第三人称单数 )；作呕 | |
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47
subside
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| vi.平静，平息；下沉，塌陷，沉降 | |
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48
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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49
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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50
flickering
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| adj.闪烁的，摇曳的，一闪一闪的 | |
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51
vomiting
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| 吐 | |
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52
shrugged
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| vt.耸肩（shrug的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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53
expressively
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| ad.表示(某事物)地；表达地 | |
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54
intermittent
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| adj.间歇的，断断续续的 | |
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55
puffs
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| n.吸( puff的名词复数 )；（烟斗或香烟的）一吸；一缕（烟、蒸汽等）；（呼吸或风的）呼v.使喷出( puff的第三人称单数 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧 | |
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56
remonstrated
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| v.抗议( remonstrate的过去式和过去分词 )；告诫 | |
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57
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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58
deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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59
bluff
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| v.虚张声势，用假象骗人；n.虚张声势，欺骗 | |
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60
gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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61
suffocating
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| a.使人窒息的 | |
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62
blotted
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| 涂污( blot的过去式和过去分词 )； （用吸墨纸）吸干 | |
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63
obstinacy
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| n.顽固；（病痛等）难治 | |
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64
cowering
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| v.畏缩，抖缩( cower的现在分词 ) | |
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65
sockets
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| n.套接字，使应用程序能够读写与收发通讯协定(protocol)与资料的程序( Socket的名词复数 )；孔( socket的名词复数 )；（电器上的）插口；托座；凹穴 | |
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66
brutes
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| 兽( brute的名词复数 )； 畜生； 残酷无情的人； 兽性 | |
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67
oozing
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| v.（浓液等）慢慢地冒出，渗出( ooze的现在分词 )；使（液体）缓缓流出；（浓液）渗出，慢慢流出 | |
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68
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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69
impetus
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| n.推动，促进，刺激；推动力 | |
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70
sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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71
sledge
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| n.雪橇，大锤；v.用雪橇搬运，坐雪橇往 | |
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72
sledges
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| n.雪橇，雪车( sledge的名词复数 )v.乘雪橇( sledge的第三人称单数 )；用雪橇运载 | |
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73
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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74
inevitably
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| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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75
fathoms
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| 英寻( fathom的名词复数 ) | |
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76
precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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77
ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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78
spiked
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| adj.有穗的；成锥形的；有尖顶的 | |
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79
relinquished
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| 交出，让给( relinquish的过去式和过去分词 )； 放弃 | |
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80
treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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81
mittens
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| 不分指手套 | |
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82
perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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83
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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84
ridge
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| n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭 | |
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85
crouched
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| v.屈膝，蹲伏( crouch的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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86
squatted
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| v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的过去式和过去分词 )；非法擅自占用（土地或房屋）；为获得其所有权；而占用某片公共用地。 | |
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87
hoarse
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| adj.嘶哑的，沙哑的 | |
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88
bass
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| n.男低音(歌手)；低音乐器；低音大提琴 | |
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89
abatement
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| n.减(免)税，打折扣，冲销 | |
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90
westward
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| n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西 | |
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91
tundra
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| n.苔原，冻土地带 | |
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92
blizzard
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| n.暴风雪 | |
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93
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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94
perpendicular
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| adj.垂直的，直立的；n.垂直线，垂直的位置 | |
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95
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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96
precipice
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| n.悬崖，危急的处境 | |
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97
axe
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| n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减 | |
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98
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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99
hatchets
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| n.短柄小斧( hatchet的名词复数 )；恶毒攻击；诽谤；休战 | |
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100
trench
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| n./v.(挖)沟，(挖)战壕 | |
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101
infinitely
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| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
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102
surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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103
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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104
abrupt
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| adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的 | |
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105
precipitate
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| adj.突如其来的；vt.使突然发生；n.沉淀物 | |
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106
avalanche
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| n.雪崩，大量涌来 | |
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107
contemplate
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| vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视 | |
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108
uneven
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| adj.不平坦的，不规则的，不均匀的 | |
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109
dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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110
streak
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| n.条理，斑纹，倾向，少许，痕迹；v.加条纹，变成条纹，奔驰，快速移动 | |
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111
joyfully
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| adv. 喜悦地, 高兴地 | |
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112
hemmed
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| 缝…的褶边( hem的过去式和过去分词 )； 包围 | |
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113
precipices
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| n.悬崖，峭壁( precipice的名词复数 ) | |
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114
smothered
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| （使）窒息， （使）透不过气( smother的过去式和过去分词 )； 覆盖； 忍住； 抑制 | |
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115
crumbs
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| int. (表示惊讶)哎呀 n. 碎屑 名词crumb的复数形式 | |
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116
scraps
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| 油渣 | |
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117
tightening
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| 上紧，固定，紧密 | |
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118
suffocated
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| （使某人）窒息而死( suffocate的过去式和过去分词 )； （将某人）闷死； 让人感觉闷热； 憋气 | |
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119
slit
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| n.狭长的切口；裂缝；vt.切开，撕裂 | |
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120
nostrils
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| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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121
gasped
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| v.喘气( gasp的过去式和过去分词 )；喘息；倒抽气；很想要 | |
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122
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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123
stiffened
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| 加强的 | |
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124
shovel
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| n.铁锨，铲子，一铲之量；v.铲，铲出 | |
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125
exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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126
spasm
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| n.痉挛，抽搐；一阵发作 | |
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127
lashed
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| adj.具睫毛的v.鞭打( lash的过去式和过去分词 )；煽动；紧系；怒斥 | |
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128
thongs
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| 的东西 | |
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129
lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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130
partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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131
squatting
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| v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的现在分词 )；非法擅自占用（土地或房屋）；为获得其所有权；而占用某片公共用地。 | |
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132
spine
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| n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊 | |
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133
vitality
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| n.活力，生命力，效力 | |
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134
illustrates
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| 给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 )； 说明； 表明； （用示例、图画等）说明 | |
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135
sparsely
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| adv.稀疏地；稀少地；不足地；贫乏地 | |
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