Wherein is shown the amazing power of hereditary1 traits; history repeats itself.
It was from his mother that Prince Bismarck, the future ruler of Germany, received his endowment of dauntless audacity2, his gift of trenchant3 argument, his bursts of ironical4 laughter, his power of instant decisions, his scolding, and his bitter wrath5. All these qualities shone in the parliamentary fight before the Austrian war, when for three years he defied the country, and raised the Prussian war-funds by extortion!
In one sense, he was always stacking the cards! And what chance has the fellow-player against the dealer6 with the marked deckBismarck’s life abounds7 with episodes showing this astonishing readiness. In love, in laughter and in intrigue8, it was ever the same. Bismarck’s use of human nature, constructively9, at the precise psychological moment, redounding10 to his self-interest, is supreme11.
At the wedding of his friend Blankenburg to Fraulein Thadden-Triglaff, the bridesmaid was Fraulein Johanna von Puttkammer. Bismarck saw, admired and decided12. Soon after in a Hartz journey, with the Blankenburgs, Otto had a brief opportunity to favor energetic measures. He wasted no time, Johanna must become his wife! He wrote direct to the young lady’s parents, with whom he was not acquainted. A flying visit followed to the home of his intended father-in-law. The Puttkammers were surprised at the suitor’s impetuous love-making, also were shocked by the reputation Bismarck had for fast living.
The moment he saw parents and daughter he forced the situation. Throwing his arms around his sweetheart, Bismarck embraced her, vigorously. And thus he won his[35] bride even before an unwilling14 father and mother; for Bismarck carried them off their feet by the very audacity of his wooing.
During the Franco-Prussian war, coming to the Rothschild chateau15, Bismarck found 17,000 bottles of wines in the cellar, under lock and key; and the keeper was determined16 that Bismarck should not use the master’s champagnes.
It took Bismarck only a few minutes to change all that. Soon he was comfortably settled in the Baron18’s private chambers19, reached by a grand winding20 staircase; here the Chancellor21 proceeded to make himself at home in dressing22 gown and slippers23.
He rang for the butler, ordered wine for himself and suite24. The keeper of the cellar still refused—and Bismarck’s black ire rose. In a voice of thunder he cried, “If you do not open that cellar door by the time I count five, you will be trussed on a spit, like a fowl25!”
After that, the Prussians had what they wanted, made merry on the rare wines of Baron Rothschild, who was known as a hater of Prussia and an admirer of Austria.
Bismarck now decided to try various gastronomic26 oddities; ordered his staff to shoot pheasants from the Baron’s preserves, and commanded the cook to stew27 the birds in champagne17!
When Napoleon wrote his famous note, at Sedan, “Not having been able to die in the midst of my troops, there is nothing left for me but to place my troops in your Majesty’s hands,” Bismarck saw the human nature side at a glance! He urged peace, then and there, with the Prince Imperial on the throne, and “under German influence,” which would thus give to Prussia the whip hand. General Sheridan tells the story.
It was an instantaneous look into the far future, and although it did not prevail, for certain important reasons, the Chancellor caught the human side of the combination, with the clarity of a dramatist constructing a plot.[36]
On his mother’s side, Otto von Bismarck comes of hunting, fighting and farming stock.
Shrewd, wise, ambitious, and haughty—with these traits she richly endowed her son. His father was handsome, bright, solid, emphatic-looking, but with a yielding disposition28; the iron will and sharp tongue of the wife overawed the husband. The shrewish frau had things largely her own way, was able to read a lecture like the wrath of God. However, on the whole, the couple got along passably well—for Karl never took Louise too seriously! When Frau Louise’s efforts to make a lackey29 of him got on his nerves, Karl called his cronies and away they went fox-hunting.
11
At the tender age of six, already is Otto forced out of the family circle; the wolf’s breed shows its teeth.
Well, the incensed30 Louise, weary of the softness of Karl, and fearing lest Karl would spoil Otto by too much petting, packed the child off to Plamann Institute, Berlin, a school of the Squeers type.
Otto remained in this Spartan31 school-prison for nearly six years, and to the end of his life carried unpleasant memories. Plamann Institute idea was to harden lads, but instead of hardening the practices there embittered32.
The half-starved boys were up at 6; breakfast of bread and milk; religious exercises at 7; at 10, luncheon33 of bread and salt; then, a run in the garden; at noon, dinner from the hands of Frau Plamann; and if a lad wanted a second plate, and couldn’t eat it all, he was punished by being sent to the garden, there to remain till he had gulped34 down the last morsel35, even though he fairly choked; at teatime, bread and salt, or warm beer and slices of bread; all day, studies of interminable length and dullness;—but, best of all, fencing exercises wound up the day.
In the school yard was a lone36 lime-tree, and here the boys came running as a goal for their sports. Using this lime-tree as a pulpit, Otto used to read to his companions chapters from Becker’s stories about giants.[37]
There was a pond near Schoenberg where the pupils used to go bathing. Otto’s chum was Ernest Kriger.
After six years of this life on salt and potatoes, Otto was transferred to Dr. Bonnell’s Frdk-Wm. Gymnasium, Berlin, and in another year to Grey Friars’ Gymnasium. Soon after Dr. Schleiermacher confirmed Otto, at Trinity Protestant church.
In the light of subsequent history, it is significant, almost uncanny, to recall the life-text offered to Otto at this solemn moment by his pastor37: “And whatsoever38 ye do, do it heartily39, as to the Lord, and not unto men.” Many years later—just before his death—Bismarck ordered the motto to be carved on his tomb; all his life he had followed the text.
The lad was two years at Grey Friars’ school. While there Otto’s deep-seated hatred40 of the French is again visible for a decisive moment.
In 1806 Marshal Soult had slashed42 the genealogical tree of the Bismarck family; and young Otto, who often heard the story, grew up with the idea that the French were ogres.
The school schedule, among other studies, called for French, or English as an optional selection; although all Otto’s chums decided for French, the lad flatly refused to follow and instead stood almost alone in the English class.
He is no longer a child when he says good-bye to Grey Friars; he is a young man of 17—and life is opening before him.
Life! The joyous43 care-free life of youth and inexperience; with the world and its cares still seemingly far away!
12
At Goettingen, he joined the Hannovera Corps44 and his record is twenty-eight duels45; his face bore many scars, among them a long cut from left jaw47 to corner of his mouth.
Otto’s mother, who had strong social aspirations48 and held to the rigid49 exclusiveness of the upper classes, wished to send her son to an aristocratic university. So she selected Goettingen.[38] Her ideas were to make her son a man of dignity and solid social qualities.
Alas50, he became but an indifferent student, excelling principally in dueling51, beer-bouts52 in college taverns54, dog-fighting, flirting55, and general deviltries unnumbered, for which he spent considerable time in the college dungeon56. Listen to this:
Many years ago, in his roaring student days, long before Otto von Bismarck was famous, he received an invitation to a ball, and went to the shoemaker to be measured for high-topped military boots, affected57 by the beaux of that day. Calling some days later, he was told that it would be impossible to get them finished in time; and he would therefore have to wear his old boots to the ball.
Bismarck scowled58 and going back to his rooms, whistled for his two ferocious59 dogs with which he was wont60 to trail around town; returning to the cobbler’s the daring rascal61 said in a loud voice: “Mister bootmaker, at a signal from me the dogs will tear you to pieces! I am here to tell you, in the most friendly way in the world, that it is absolutely necessary to have my boots on time.”
Bismarck then went away, but he hired a man to parade up and down in the vicinity of the shop with the two mastiffs; and now and then this man dropped in, and in a voice of sorrow, said to the cobbler: “My master has a terrible temper and I am sorry for you.” At that, the shoemaker told his wife: “Frau, I am going to work all night, to get Herr Bismarck’s boots finished in time for that ball!”
It is needless to add that young Bismarck had his boots on time.
In discussing Bismarck’s life and personality many writers will tell you that the man is inconsistency itself; advocating now what in a year he will recant; that for this and other reasons it is baffling to try to make a picture many-sided enough to portray62 adequately his complex life.
On the contrary, Bismarck, once you get the biographic clue, is as open, free and direct as the light of the noonday[39] sun. And the story of the poor cobbler and the boots is all there is to it!
Repeat this story in a hundred and one forms, and the same man is always behind.
Among his cronies, he early gained the name “The Mad Bismarck.” At Goettingen university, Otto fought 28 duels and his face bore his fighting scars.
To scare the girls and to make them shriek63 and lift their skirts, a sight that the rascal Otto enjoyed, one night at a dance he let loose a small fox in the ball room! And he had ridden like the devil, some 30-odd miles to be at this dance.
As for drinking, no man could put him under the table. Later in life, he invented his own special draught64, a combination of champagne and porter; ordinary men dropped under the deadly compound as from a dose of cyanide of potassium, but Otto could drain his quart without taking the tankard from his lips. He soon had all the company under the chairs, like dead soldiers.
Often, at country houses, he fired pistols to awaken65 guests in the morning.
His groom66 fell into the canal, the young giant Bismarck leaped in and dragged the drowning man to safety; for this heroic deed, Bismarck won his first medal.
Bismarck’s student life was tempestuous67. He was indeed full of the very devil.
His every-day get-up comprised top boots, long hair flowing over the collar of his velveteen jacket; a big brass69 ring on the first finger of his left hand; two fierce mastiffs trotted70 sullenly71 at his side. He trailed around, smoking a long pipe.
The young man’s high animal spirits broke all restraints; he smoked, he drank, he sang, he flirted72, and he fought; but as for books, he did as little studying as he could.
He was sent many times to the university “carcer” or prison; an interesting souvenir is still to be seen at Goettingen, the student-prison door, on which Bismarck carved his name in 1832, when he was “doing” ten days for acting73 as second in a pistol duel46.[40]
With a Mecklenburg student, Otto’s great chum, a trip was made through the Hartz mountains, and on returning a wine dinner was offered to other students.
All the fellows drank too much brandy. Bismarck made an inflammatory speech, at table, ending by showing his derision of scholasticism by hurling74 ink bottles out of the window. For this breach75 of the rules, he was hauled before the university court. Here, he appeared in outlandish get-up, jack68 boots, tall hat, long pipe, dressing gown—and coolly asked the proctor what ’twas all about. Bismarck’s huge dogs, with which he was always accompanied, frightened the proctor half to death! Bismarck was promptly76 fined five thalers for his absurdities77; he paid the fine and began studying up more deviltry.
Joining the Hannovera Corps of fighting men, Otto was soon known as “Achilles,” leading the fellows in all sword-play. He fought duel after duel, and finally under the influence of Morley, an American student, decided to switch over from the Hannovera to the Brunswick corps—whereon every Jack in the Hannovera sent Otto a challenge.
On a trip to Jena, the fellows decided on a riot, and were deep in their cups when the Goettingen proctor arrived to bring the runaway78 Bismarck back, and put him in the “carcer” till he cooled off. The Jena fellows carried on at a great rate to think that the beloved “Achilles” had to leave so unceremoniously, but at the last moment hitched79 up six horses and paraded Bismarck around town, as a demonstrative fare thee well!
The scene of many of his drinking bouts was “Crown” tavern53, an ancient Goettingen resort, where the fellows sat on wooden benches in front of a long bar and drank till they felt like fighting cocks. By the way, it is a bit strange that Otto had such amazing capacity; for he was as thin as a knitting needle.
Among the men Bismarck met at this bar was Albrecht von Roon, who many years later was to become the great Prussian military drill-master.[41]
Bismarck finally left Goettingen in August, ’33; his last duel was with an Englishman who had made fun of the German peasant, describing that worthy80 as “a dunce in a night cap, whose night-dress is made of 39 rags.” The 39 rags was an allusion81 to the 39 petty German states. Bismarck was already becoming imbued82 with the “national German faith,” as it was called, and could not let the insult go by.
As a rule, Bismarck was lucky in his sword play. The biggest slash41 he received was made by Biedenweg, whose sword broke and cut Otto from jaw to lip, on the left cheek—a scar that Bismarck carried to his grave.
Giesseler, the proctor, gave Bismarck a very doubtful letter of recommendation; the duelist and beer-drinker had asked for a transfer to Berlin university. Otto wanted to hear law lectures by Savigny.
He began his Berlin course in a mocking way. There was an unserved jail sentence hanging over Bismarck’s head at Goettingen; and with sham83 seriousness, as though he were going to turn over a new leaf, Otto humbly84 set up that, to be strictly85 honest with the professors, to jail Otto must go and to jail they sent him! But no sooner was he out than he forgot all his good resolutions, and began his mad existence again.
Finally, in May, 1835, he passed his examination in law, or “advocate assistant,” but not without hiring a professional “crammer” to drill him hours and hours—to make up for wasted weeks in beer cellars and with the pretty girls.
13
Deficient86 in discipline, young Otto makes a fizzle of his first office-holding; his shocking conduct against his superior officer; back to the old estates, he looks after the cattle, dogs and horses.
Harum-scarum days are over—and now for the serious business of life. Years later, in the days of his great renown87, Bismarck, thinking of his early preparation, always[42] regretted, he said, that he did not join the army. As a matter of fact, he had no serious plans for years to come—and it would appear that, on the whole, his career was decided by accident. Of this more, at the right time, later.
When Bismarck was 20, he served several months at Aix-la-Chapelle, in court work, then was transferred to Potsdam, to the administrative88 side.
He soon showed himself deficient in discipline. An over-officer kept him waiting, and Bismarck took personal offense89. At last Bismarck was admitted. The over-officer was sitting there, calmly killing90 time smoking a cigar. Bismarck leaned over and in his gruff way asked, “Give me a match!” This in itself was highly insolent91, a violation92 of Prussian ideas of discipline. But the astonished over-officer complied. The young clerk thereupon sprawled93 in a chair and lighted his cigar.
It was, you see, merely to show his independence. Also, it meant that he had to get out of the service.
Bismarck was glad to go; he hated intensely the clock-like regularity94 of the Prussian bureaucracy.
His mother died in 1839, at which time Otto was 24; and on the young chap now fell the management of the Pomeranian estates.
In 1844, Otto went to live with his father at Schoenhausen; here, Otto and his brother looked after the farms. Otto was later appointed Dyke-captain of the Elbe.
Along about this time, a religious revival95 swept through Prussia and Otto was carried away on the flood; also, he began showing himself a strong monarchical96 man.
Always religious and always a King’s man, at heart, Otto now seriously studied religion and state affairs. When the call came, he was not found wanting!
We hasten along. In 1847, Otto’s naturally deep religious convictions were strengthened by his wife’s uncompromising orthodoxy.
It was in this year, also, that he made his entry into Prussian politics—to the study of which he was to devote his long life and his surprising genius. However, to present a clear idea of the work Bismarck was to do, it is necessary to return, briefly97, to an earlier day, and to trace a complex historical movement through the past. We shall summarize, on broad lines, the problem presented by the question of German national unity13. The German problem comprised a political, sociological and racial situation toward whose solution hundreds, if not thousands, of notable men and women, for several generations past, had sought in vain.
“Nothing,” says Wilhelm Gorlach, “can more clearly prove Bismarck’s historical importance than the fact that we are obliged to go back several centuries to understand the connection of his actions.”
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1
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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audacity
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| n.大胆，卤莽，无礼 | |
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trenchant
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| adj.尖刻的，清晰的 | |
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ironical
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| adj.讽刺的，冷嘲的 | |
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wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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dealer
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| n.商人，贩子 | |
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7
abounds
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| v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的第三人称单数 ) | |
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intrigue
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| vt.激起兴趣，迷住；vi.耍阴谋；n.阴谋，密谋 | |
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constructively
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| ad.有益的，积极的 | |
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redounding
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| v.有助益( redound的现在分词 )；及于；报偿；报应 | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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unity
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| n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调 | |
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unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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chateau
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| n.城堡，别墅 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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champagne
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| n.香槟酒；微黄色 | |
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baron
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| n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王 | |
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chambers
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| n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅 | |
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winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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chancellor
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| n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长 | |
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dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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slippers
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| n. 拖鞋 | |
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suite
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| n.一套(家具)；套房；随从人员 | |
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fowl
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| n.家禽，鸡，禽肉 | |
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gastronomic
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| adj.美食（烹饪）法的，烹任学的 | |
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stew
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| n.炖汤，焖，烦恼；v.炖汤，焖，忧虑 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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lackey
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| n.侍从；跟班 | |
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incensed
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| 盛怒的 | |
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spartan
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| adj.简朴的，刻苦的；n.斯巴达；斯巴达式的人 | |
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embittered
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| v.使怨恨，激怒( embitter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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luncheon
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| n.午宴，午餐，便宴 | |
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gulped
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| v.狼吞虎咽地吃，吞咽( gulp的过去式和过去分词 )；大口地吸（气）；哽住 | |
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morsel
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| n.一口，一点点 | |
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lone
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| adj.孤寂的，单独的；唯一的 | |
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pastor
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| n.牧师，牧人 | |
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whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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slash
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| vi.大幅度削减；vt.猛砍，尖锐抨击，大幅减少；n.猛砍，斜线，长切口，衣衩 | |
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slashed
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| v.挥砍( slash的过去式和过去分词 )；鞭打；割破；削减 | |
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joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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45
duels
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| n.两男子的决斗( duel的名词复数 )；竞争，斗争 | |
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duel
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| n./v.决斗；(双方的)斗争 | |
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jaw
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| n.颚，颌，说教，流言蜚语；v.喋喋不休，教训 | |
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48
aspirations
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| 强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音 | |
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rigid
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| adj.严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的 | |
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alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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51
dueling
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| n. 决斗, 抗争(=duelling) 动词duel的现在分词形式 | |
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52
bouts
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| n.拳击（或摔跤）比赛( bout的名词复数 )；一段（工作）；（尤指坏事的）一通；（疾病的）发作 | |
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53
tavern
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| n.小旅馆，客栈；小酒店 | |
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taverns
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| n.小旅馆，客栈，酒馆( tavern的名词复数 ) | |
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55
flirting
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| v.调情，打情骂俏( flirt的现在分词 ) | |
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56
dungeon
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| n.地牢，土牢 | |
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57
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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58
scowled
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| 怒视，生气地皱眉( scowl的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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ferocious
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| adj.凶猛的，残暴的，极度的，十分强烈的 | |
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wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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rascal
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| n.流氓；不诚实的人 | |
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portray
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| v.描写，描述；画(人物、景象等) | |
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shriek
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| v./n.尖叫，叫喊 | |
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draught
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| n.拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风；v.起草，设计 | |
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awaken
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| vi.醒，觉醒；vt.唤醒，使觉醒，唤起，激起 | |
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groom
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| vt.给（马、狗等）梳毛，照料，使...整洁 | |
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tempestuous
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| adj.狂暴的 | |
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68
jack
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| n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克 | |
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69
brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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70
trotted
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| 小跑，急走( trot的过去分词 )； 匆匆忙忙地走 | |
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sullenly
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| 不高兴地，绷着脸，忧郁地 | |
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flirted
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| v.调情，打情骂俏( flirt的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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73
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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hurling
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| n.爱尔兰式曲棍球v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的现在分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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75
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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absurdities
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| n.极端无理性( absurdity的名词复数 )；荒谬；谬论；荒谬的行为 | |
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78
runaway
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| n.逃走的人，逃亡，亡命者；adj.逃亡的，逃走的 | |
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79
hitched
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| （免费）搭乘他人之车( hitch的过去式和过去分词 )； 搭便车； 攀上； 跃上 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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allusion
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| n.暗示，间接提示 | |
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82
imbued
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| v.使（某人/某事）充满或激起（感情等）( imbue的过去式和过去分词 )；使充满；灌输；激发（强烈感情或品质等） | |
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83
sham
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| n./adj.假冒(的)，虚伪(的) | |
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84
humbly
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| adv. 恭顺地，谦卑地 | |
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85
strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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deficient
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| adj.不足的，不充份的，有缺陷的 | |
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renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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administrative
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| adj.行政的，管理的 | |
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89
offense
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| n.犯规，违法行为；冒犯，得罪 | |
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killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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insolent
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| adj.傲慢的，无理的 | |
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violation
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| n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯 | |
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93
sprawled
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| v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的过去式和过去分词)；蔓延；杂乱无序地拓展；四肢伸展坐着（或躺着） | |
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regularity
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| n.规律性，规则性；匀称，整齐 | |
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revival
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| n.复兴，复苏，（精力、活力等的）重振 | |
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monarchical
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| adj. 国王的，帝王的，君主的，拥护君主制的 =monarchic | |
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briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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