On the part of Emerson, the more he thought about this subject of the husband's relative duties and prerogatives—thought as a man and as a lawyer—the more strongly did he feel about it, and the more tenacious7 of his assumed rights did he become. Matters which seemed in the beginning of such light importance as scarcely to attract his attention, now loomed8 up before him as things of moment. Thus, if he spoke9 of their doing some particular thing in a certain way, and Irene suggested a different way, instead of yielding to her view, he would insist upon his own. If she tried to show him a reason why her way was best, he would give no weight to her argument or representation. On the other hand, it is but just to say that he rarely opposed her independent suggestions or interfered10 with her freedom; and if she had been as considerate toward him, the danger of trouble would have been lessened11.
It is the little foxes that spoil the tender grapes, and so it is the little reactions of two spirits against each other that spoil the tender blossoms of love and destroy the promised vintage. Steadily12, day by day, and week by week, were these light reactions marring the happiness of our undisciplined young friends, and destroying in them germ after germ, and bud after bud, which, if left to growth and development, would have brought forth13 ripe, luscious14 fruit in the later summer of their lives. Trifles, light as air were noticed, and their importance magnified. Words, looks, actions, insignificant15 in themselves, were made to represent states of will or antagonism which really had no existence.
Unhappily for their peace, Irene had a brooding disposition16. She held in her memory utterances17 and actions forgotten by her husband, and, by dwelling18 upon, magnified and gave them an importance to which they were not entitled. Still more unhappily for their peace, Irene met about this time, and became attached to, a lady of fine intellectual attainments19 and fascinating manners, who was an extremist in opinion on the subject of sexual equality. She was married, but to a man greatly her inferior, though possessing some literary talent, which he managed to turn to better account than she did her finer powers. He had been attracted by her brilliant qualities, and in approaching her scorched20 his wings, and ever after lay at her feet. She had no very high respect for him, but found a husband on many accounts a convenient thing, and so held on to the appendage21. If he had been man enough to remain silent on the themes she was so fond of discussing on all occasions, people of common sense and common perception would have respected him for what he was worth. But he gloried in his bondage22, and rattled23 his chains as gleefully as if he were discoursing25 sweet music. What she announced oracularly, he attempted to demonstrate by bald and feeble arguments. He was the false understanding to her perverted26 will.
The name of this lady was Mrs. Talbot. Irene met her soon after her marriage and removal to New York, and was charmed with her from the beginning. Mr. Emerson, on the contrary, liked neither her nor her sentiments, and considered her a dangerous friend for his wife. He expressed himself freely in regard to her at the commencement of the intimacy27; but Irene took her part so warmly, and used such strong language in her favor, that Emerson deemed it wisest not to create new sentiments in her favor out of opposition28 to himself.
Within a week from that memorable29 Christmas day on which Irene came back from Ivy30 Cliff, Mrs. Talbot, who had taken a fancy to the spirited, independent, undisciplined wife of Emerson, called in to see her new friend. Irene received her cordially. She was, in fact, of all her acquaintances, the one she most desired to meet.
"I'm right glad you thought of making me a call," said Mrs. Emerson, as they sat down together. "I've felt as dull all the morning as an anchorite."
"You dull!" Mrs. Talbot affected31 surprise, as she glanced round the tasteful room in which they were sitting. "What is there to cloud your mind? With such a home and such a husband as you possess life ought to be one long, bright holiday."
"Good things in their way," replied Mrs. Emerson. "But not everything."
She said this in a kind of thoughtless deference32 to Mrs. Talbot's known views on the subject of homes and husbands, which she had not hesitated to call women's prisons and women's jailers.
"Indeed! And have you made that discovery?"
Mrs. Talbot laughed a low, gurgling sort of laugh, leaning, at the same time, in a confidential33 kind of way, closer to Mrs. Emerson.
"Discovery!"
"Yes."
"It is no discovery," said Mrs. Emerson. "The fact is self-evident. There is much that a woman needs for happiness beside a home and a husband."
"Right, my young friend, right!" Mrs. Talbot's manner grew earnest. "No truer words were ever spoken. Yes—yes—a woman needs a great deal more than these to fill the measure of her happiness; and it is through the attempt to restrict and limit her to such poor substitutes for a world-wide range and freedom that she has been so dwarfed34 in mental stature35, and made the unhappy creature and slave of man's hard ambition and indomitable love of power. There were Amazons of old—as the early Greeks knew to their cost—strong, self-reliant, courageous36 women, who acknowledged no human superiority. Is the Amazonian spirit dead in the earth? Not so! It is alive, and clothing itself with will, power and persistence37. Already it is grasping the rein38, and the mettled steed stands impatient to feel the rider's impulse in the saddle. The cycle of woman's degradation39 and humiliation40 is completed. A new era in the world's social history has dawned for her, and the mountain-tops are golden with the coming day."
Irene listened with delight and even enthusiasm to these sentiments, uttered with ardor41 and eloquence42.
"It is not woman's fault, taking her in the aggregate43, that she is so weak in body and mind, and such a passive slave to man's will," continued Mrs. Talbot. "In the retrocession of races toward barbarism mere44 muscle, in which alone man is superior to woman, prevailed. Physical strength set itself up as master. Might made right. And so unhappy woman was degraded below man, and held to the earth, until nearly all independent life has been crushed out of her. As civilization has lifted nation after nation out of the dark depths of barbarism, the condition of woman physically45 has been improved. For the sake of his children, if from no better motive46, man has come to treat his wife with a more considerate kindness. If she is still but the hewer of his wood and the drawer of his water, he has, in many cases, elevated her to the position of dictatress in these humble47 affairs. He allows her 'help!' But, mentally and socially, he continues to degrade her. In law she is scarcely recognized, except as a criminal. She is punished if she does wrong, but has no legal protection in her rights as an independent human being. She is only man's shadow. The public opinion that affects her is made by him. The earliest literature of a country is man's expression; and in this man's view of woman is always apparent. The sentiment is repeated generation after generation, and age after age, until the barbarous idea comes down, scarcely questioned, to the days of high civilization, culture and refinement48.
"Here, my young friend, you have the simple story of woman's degradation in this age of the world. Now, so long as she submits, man will hold her in fetters49. Power and dominion50 are sweet. If a man cannot govern a state, he will be content to govern a household—but govern he will, if he can find anywhere submissive subjects."
"He is born a tyrant51; that I have always felt," said Mrs. Emerson. "You see it in a family of sisters and brothers. The boys always attempt to rule their sisters, and if the latter do not submit, then comes discord52 and contention53."
"I have seen this, in hundreds of instances," replied Mrs. Talbot. "It was fully24 illustrated54 in my own case. I had two brothers, who undertook to exercise their love of domineering on me. But they did not find a passive subject—no, not by any means. I was never obedient to their will, for I had one of my own. We made the house often a bedlam55 for our poor mother; but I never gave way—no, not for an instant, come what might. I had different stuff in me from that of common girls, and in time the boys were glad to let me alone."
"Are your brothers living?" asked Mrs. Emerson.
"Yes. One resides in New York, and the other in Boston. One is a merchant, the other a physician."
"How was it as you grew older?"
"About the same. They are like nearly all men—despisers of woman's intellect."
Irene sighed, and, letting her eyes fall to the floor, sat lost in thought for some moments. The suggestions of her friend were not producing agreeable states of mind.
"They reject the doctrine56 of an equality in the sexes?" said Mrs. Emerson.
"Of course. All men do that," replied Mrs. Talbot.
"Your husband among the rest?"
"Talbot? Oh, he's well enough in his way!" The lady spoke lightly, tossing her head in a manner that involved both indifference57 and contempt. "I never take him into account when discussing these matters. That point was settled between us long and long ago. We jog on without trouble. Talbot thinks as I do about the women—or pretends that he does, which is all the same."
"A rare exception to the general run of husbands," said Irene, thinking at the same time how immeasurably superior Mr. Emerson was to this weakling, and despising him in her heart for submitting to be ruled by a woman. Thus nature and true perception spoke in her, even while she was seeking to blind herself by false reasonings.
"Yes, he's a rare exception; and it's well for us both that it is so. If he were like your husband, for instance, one of us would have been before the legislature for a divorce within twelve months of our marriage night."
"Like my husband! What do you mean?" Mrs. Emerson drew herself up, with half real and half affected surprise.
"Oh, he's one of your men who have positive qualities about them—strong in intellect and will."
Irene felt pleased with the compliment bestowed58 upon her husband.
"But wrong in his ideas of woman."
"How do you know?" asked Irene.
"How do I know? As I know all men with whom I come in contact. I probe them."
"And you have probed my husband?"
"Undoubtedly59."
"And do not regard him as sound on this subject?"
"No sounder than other men of his class. He regards woman as man's inferior."
"I think you state the case too strongly," said Mrs. Emerson, a red spot burning on her cheek. "He thinks them mentally different."
"Of course he does."
"But not different as to superiority and inferiority," replied Irene.
"Mere hair-splitting, my child. If they are mentally different, one must be more highly organized than the other, and of course, superior. Mr. Emerson thinks a man's rational powers stronger than a woman's, and that, therefore, he must direct in affairs generally, and she follow his lead. I know; I've talked with and drawn60 him out on this subject."
Mrs. Emerson sighed again faintly, while her eyes dropped from the face of her visitor and sunk to the floor. A shadow was falling on her spirit—a weight coming down with a gradually increasing pressure upon her heart. She remembered the night of her return from Ivy Cliff and the language then used by her husband on this very subject, which was mainly in agreement with the range of opinions attributed to him by Mrs. Talbot.
"Marriage, to a spirited woman," she remarked, in a pensive61 undertone, "is a doubtful experiment."
"Always," returned her friend. "As woman stands now in the estimate of man, her chances for happiness are almost wholly on the side of old-maidism. Still, freedom is the price of struggle and combat; and woman will first have to show, in actual strife62, that she is the equal of her present lord."
"Then you would turn every home into a battlefield?" said Mrs. Emerson.
"Every home in which there is a tyrant and an oppressor," was the prompt answer. "Many fair lands, in all ages, have been trampled63 down ruthlessly by the iron feet of war; and that were better, as the price of freedom, than slavery."
Irene sighed again, and was again silent.
"What," she asked, "if the oppressor is so much stronger than the oppressed that successful resistance is impossible? that with every struggle the links of the chain that binds64 her sink deeper into her quivering flesh?"
"Every age and every land have seen noble martyrs65 in the cause of freedom. It is better to die for liberty than live an ignoble66 slave," answered the tempter.
"And I will die a free woman." This Irene said in her heart.
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1
hues
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| 色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点 | |
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onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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awakening
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| n.觉醒，醒悟 adj.觉醒中的；唤醒的 | |
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antagonism
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| n.对抗，敌对，对立 | |
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watchfulness
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| 警惕，留心； 警觉（性） | |
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tenacious
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| adj.顽强的，固执的，记忆力强的，粘的 | |
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8
loomed
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| v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的过去式和过去分词 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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9
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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10
interfered
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| v.干预( interfere的过去式和过去分词 )；调停；妨碍；干涉 | |
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11
lessened
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| 减少的，减弱的 | |
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12
steadily
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| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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14
luscious
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| adj.美味的；芬芳的；肉感的，引与性欲的 | |
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15
insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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16
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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17
utterances
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| n.发声( utterance的名词复数 )；说话方式；语调；言论 | |
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18
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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19
attainments
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| 成就，造诣； 获得( attainment的名词复数 )； 达到； 造诣； 成就 | |
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20
scorched
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| 烧焦，烤焦( scorch的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（植物）枯萎，把…晒枯； 高速行驶； 枯焦 | |
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21
appendage
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| n.附加物 | |
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bondage
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| n.奴役，束缚 | |
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rattled
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| 慌乱的，恼火的 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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25
discoursing
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| 演说（discourse的现在分词形式） | |
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26
perverted
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| adj.不正当的v.滥用( pervert的过去式和过去分词 )；腐蚀；败坏；使堕落 | |
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27
intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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30
ivy
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| n.常青藤，常春藤 | |
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31
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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32
deference
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| n.尊重，顺从；敬意 | |
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33
confidential
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| adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的 | |
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34
dwarfed
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| vt.（使）显得矮小（dwarf的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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35
stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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courageous
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| adj.勇敢的，有胆量的 | |
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persistence
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| n.坚持，持续，存留 | |
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38
rein
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| n.疆绳，统治，支配；vt.以僵绳控制，统治 | |
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39
degradation
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| n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变 | |
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40
humiliation
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| n.羞辱 | |
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41
ardor
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| n.热情，狂热 | |
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42
eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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43
aggregate
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| adj.总计的，集合的；n.总数；v.合计；集合 | |
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44
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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45
physically
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| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
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46
motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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47
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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48
refinement
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| n.文雅；高尚；精美；精制；精炼 | |
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49
fetters
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| n.脚镣( fetter的名词复数 )；束缚v.给…上脚镣，束缚( fetter的第三人称单数 ) | |
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50
dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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51
tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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52
discord
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| n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐 | |
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53
contention
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| n.争论，争辩，论战；论点，主张 | |
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54
illustrated
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| adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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55
bedlam
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| n.混乱，骚乱；疯人院 | |
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56
doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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57
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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58
bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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59
undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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60
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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61
pensive
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| a.沉思的,哀思的,忧沉的 | |
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62
strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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63
trampled
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| 踩( trample的过去式和过去分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯 | |
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64
binds
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| v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 )；装订；捆绑；（用长布条）缠绕 | |
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65
martyrs
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| n.martyr的复数形式；烈士( martyr的名词复数 )；殉道者；殉教者；乞怜者（向人诉苦以博取同情） | |
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66
ignoble
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| adj.不光彩的，卑鄙的；可耻的 | |
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