“Who are the principal admirals of England, those who have been famous for their victories?”
“There have been so many of them, that you must be satisfied with a few. In my rambling2 279way I will run over their names. There have been British admirals stern and kind-hearted, crabbed3, and good-tempered, but all of them brave. A sailor’s figure-head, whether he be ‘before the mast’ or admiral of the fleet, should always telegraph good-humour to the craft around him; but some of our admirals have been crusty old boys. You remember, perhaps, my speaking of the hearty4 old admirals in the Naval5 Gallery of Greenwich, in their curled wigs6, red, blue, and brown coats, loose robes, ermine capes7, armour9, and buff leathern jackets?”
“Yes, uncle! yes! And you said there was no fixed11 uniform in old times for the navy.”
“De Ruyter and Van Tromp were brave admirals, in the service of Holland. Van Tromp was the very first of Dutch Admirals, the Nelson of his country, having been in fifty naval engagements, winning thirty-three victories; he was considered the most intrepid12 and the ablest seaman13 of his day. You will not find a Dutchman who does not know all about Van Tromp. It has been said, that he carried a besom at his mast-head to sweep the seas of British ships, but since then British admirals have turned sweepers themselves.”
“Indeed they have, and Admiral Von Tromp, if he were alive would not be able to hinder them.”
“I might say something of Christopher Columbus, 280admiral of Spain, discoverer of the continent of America; of Vasquez da Gama, admiral of Portugal, discoverer of the passage to India by the Cape8 of Good Hope; and of Villeneuve, the French Admiral; but I must pass them all by to speak a word of British admirals. And first, let me tell you, that Thomas Smith, admiral of the blue, was known among seamen14 as Tom of Ten Thousand.”
“What a comical name! No doubt he was a very famous man?”
“Leaving the older admirals, Hawkins, Drake, and Blake, let us come at once to Admiral Hawke. He has the reputation of being not only brave but also circumspect15; to the most consummate16 courage and active spirit he added a temper cool and deliberate; accident ruffled17 him not; sudden misfortune seemed not to take him by surprise. I will give you one instance of his coolness and steady self-possession. When his flag was on board the Royal George, the ship once took fire, owing to a collection of soot18 in the funnel19 of the stove of the great cabin. A man of less presence of mind would have given an alarm instantly to the whole ship; but instead of this, Sir Edward, who was at the time dressing20 himself, went on deck without manifesting any emotion, and taking aside the first-lieutenant21, said to him in a low tone, ‘Sir, the ship is on fire in my cabin; give the necessary directions for putting it out.’”
281“Capital! capital! Why, we should have cried out fire! as loud as we could scream.”
“And by that means have gathered round you those who would have only been in each other’s way. I have given you an instance of coolness in Admiral Hawke; I will now give you an example of fidelity22 and integrity in Admiral Rodney.”
“Ay! we have heard of Admiral Rodney; he was a very brave commander.”
“After many instances of bravery and skill, he unfortunately engaged in election contests, and became so poor that he was obliged to retire to France to escape from the pursuit of his creditors23. When in this forlorn situation, the Duke de Biron invited him to his house, treated him very hospitably24, and then hinted, that if he would enter the French navy it would be greatly to his advantage. But the blue-jacket that would fight against his country, even to be made lord-high-admiral of an enemy’s navy, would deserve to be tarred and feathered. Rodney began to think that the duke was a little deranged25 in his intellects, but what was his surprise when the duke told him, that he was commissioned by his royal master, the king, to offer him the command of a French squadron, with unbounded advantages, should he accept the appointment. What do you think was Rodney’s answer?”
“Why, if he were a true Englishman, he would never fight against his own country.”
282“Right, right! This was his reply to the duke. ‘My distresses26, sir, it is true, have driven me from the bosom27 of my country, but no temptation whatever can estrange28 me from her service. Had this offer been a voluntary one of your own, I should have deemed it an insult, but I am glad that it proceeds from a source that can do no wrong.’ It is a common saying, ‘A king can do no wrong.’”
“Well done, Admiral Rodney! He was a true Englishman. No doubt the duke was in a fine passion.”
“Quite the contrary. There is that in an upright and noble action which commands respect. The brave respect the brave, and the faithful respect the faithful all the world over. The duke was so struck with admiration29 of the British tar’s patriotism30 that he instantly became his friend.”
“Then the duke had a noble mind too. Please to tell us a little of Admiral Rodney’s bravery.”
“When captain of the Eagle, he engaged two French vessels31 of equal force, but being disabled, he was obliged to drop astern. Undaunted by his ill success, he rove new braces32, and repaired his wheel, which had been in part shot away, and then once more, crowding all the sail he could stretch on his shattered spars, returned to the attack.”
“Rodney was as courageous33, then, as he was faithful?”
“Yes. His grand battle was with the French Admiral Comte de Grasse, off Dominica. I will tell you how he got the victory.”
283“Oh, he fired away till he sank the Frenchmen, or perhaps he boarded them.”
“No, he went upon a very different plan; and it was the very first time that plan was adopted. He sailed boldly on, and broke the enemy’s line; thus exposing one wing of the fleet to a double attack. This enabled him to obtain the victory.”
“Ay! we remember now, that you told us about breaking the line at the same time that you spoke34 of your two school-fellows, Captain Bentley and Captain Baines. We see that it is not courage and power alone that conquers, but skill and prudence35, and a knowledge of naval tactics.”
“This bold enterprize of breaking the line of the enemy has, since then, often been effected, but I believe, as I said before, that Admiral Rodney set the example, though the thought did not spring from his own mind.
“Rodney, it is said, owing to particular circumstances, found it necessary to keep up proper discipline in the navy, and control faction36 by an uncompromising sternness of conduct, not belonging to his natural character. He was compelled, as he believed, to convince those under his command that he was not a man to be trifled with.
“The policy pursued by Lord Nelson for securing the obedience37 of his captains was the reverse of this, but equally successful. This great commander 284cultivated the personal attachment38 of those under his orders by familiar and confidential39 intercourse40. After settling in his own mind the plan of a campaign, or mode of attack, he would, it is said, communicate it to his captains; sometimes separately, sometimes collectively, as if to consult them on the soundness of what he projected, putting the case to them in the interrogative or consulting tone, as to what he had decided41 upon, leaving an opening for their lights and corrections; and it is believed that he stated the case differently from what he had secretly decided on, but led them to offer an opinion and advice in accordance with his real determination, in order to pay them the flattering compliment of having amended42 his plan. ‘Your idea,’ he would say, ‘is the better of the two.’ This illustrates43 how the same end may be attained44 by different, and even opposite means, according to the difference of circumstances. Lord Nelson’s captains had lived with him in affectionate personal intercourse, loving and respecting him. Lord Rodney had little or no acquaintance with the great majority of his captains, and had reason to believe that they neither loved nor respected him much; but, by a demeanour suited to such circumstances, he equally secured their obedience and co-operation, after the first misunderstanding and neglect of duty.
“During an action of Admiral Rodney with 285the French, a woman assisted at one of the guns upon the main-deck, and being asked by the admiral what she did there, she replied, ‘An’t please your honour, my husband is sent down to the cockpit wounded, and I am here to supply his place. Do you think, your honour, I am afraid of the French?’ After the action, Lord Rodney called her aft, told her she had been guilty of a breach45 of orders, by being on board, and rewarded her with ten guineas for so gallantly46 supplying the place of her husband.”
“What a strange woman that must have been! She was more like a man than a woman.”
“There have been several instances of women becoming soldiers and sailors. At the siege of Saragossa a young woman took her part at the guns; and an extraordinary woman, named Mary Schellenck, died a short time since, at Menin. She was a native of Ghent, and in March 1792, entered the second Belgian battalion48 as a male volunteer. On the 6th of November in that year she distinguished49 herself in the battle of Gemappes, and received six wounds. She afterwards entered the thirtieth demi-brigade (Batavian), and made the campaigns of Germany. She was next removed to the eighth light infantry50, and displayed great bravery at the battle of Austerlitz, in which she received a severe wound, which led to the discovery of her sex. She, however, continued to follow the regiment51; and at last presented 286a petition with her own hand to Napoleon. The emperor received her with marked distinction, placed her tenth on the list of lieutenants52, invested her with his own hands with a cross of the legion of honour, which he himself had worn. In 1807 she was granted a pension of six hundred and seventy-three francs. Her funeral, which was celebrated53 in the church of Menin, was attended by every member of the legion of honour belonging to the garrison54, and an immense concourse of people.”
“She was a more famous woman than the other; but it was rather a pity that she could find nothing to do besides fighting. What have women to do with battles?”
“Vincent, Duncan and Howe, are great names as naval commanders. One of the most brilliant victories mentioned in English history was achieved by Vincent. He went to sea at ten years of age. When posted, he was appointed to the Gosport. Afterwards he captured the Pallas, a French frigate55, and was present in Admiral Keppel’s action with the French. Under Admiral Barrington he chased and fought the Pégase, a French seventy-four, capturing her without the loss of a single man. With his flag on board the Victory of one hundred guns, he came face to face with his enemy on the 14th of February, 1797, fighting one of the most famous battles, and achieving one of the most splendid victories ever recorded in the roll of fame.”
287“Vincent will not soon be forgotten.”
“Duncan’s victory over the Dutch fleet off Camperdown was a gallant47 affair, and it has handed down his name in the list of Britain’s warriors56. Assembling his crew in the presence of the captured Dutch admiral, he kneeled down at their head to offer up his thanksgiving to the God of battles.”
“What a sight to see them all kneeling on the deck!”
“Admiral Lord Howe, when a captain, was once hastily awakened57 in the middle of the night by the lieutenant, who informed him, with great agitation58, that the ship was on fire near the magazine. ‘If that be the case,’ said he, rising leisurely59 to put on his clothes, ‘we shall soon hear a farther report of the matter.’ The lieutenant flew back to the scene of danger, and almost instantly returning, exclaimed, ‘You need not, sir, be afraid, the fire is extinguished.’ ‘Afraid,’ exclaimed Howe; ‘what do you mean by that, sir? I never was afraid in my life,’ and looking the lieutenant full in the face, he added, ‘Pray, how does a man feel, sir, when he is afraid? I need not ask how he looks.’”
“Admiral Howe was a much bolder man than his lieutenant was.”
“You have heard, boys, the expression ‘The glorious first of June!’ It arose from the grand battle fought on that day, in the year 1794, between Lord Howe and the French fleet. The name of 288Howe sounds like a triumph in the ears of a seaman. The probity60 and generosity of seamen are as much a proverb as their courage and recklessness.”
“Captain, afterwards Admiral Sir F. Maitland, agreed with Captain Dixon of the Apollo, that they should share between them whatever prize-money fell to their lot. Captain Dixon’s life was a short one, and his widow was left in not very affluent61 circumstances.”
“One day the widow was waited on by a gentleman, who presented to her a bank check for twenty-five thousand pounds. Surprised by so strange a circumstance she hesitated, and then refused to accept the munificent62 sum tendered to her, when Captain Maitland addressed her thus:—‘The agreement I made with my friend Dixon to share our prize-money, was not an agreement for life, but during the war, and therefore this money is fairly yours.’”
“Admiral Maitland was every inch a sailor!”
“Sailors were never close in money matters. Jack10 before the mast, while he has a shiner left, will share it with any messmate he happens to fall in with. Viscount Exmouth went to sea at the age of thirteen, and rose rapidly in rank. Every step was the reward of some new achievement. When only twenty-five years old he drove three privateers on shore at the Isle63 of Bass64. He afterwards captured the Cleopatra. He was sent to set fire to a frigate and two corvettes which had run 289ashore. He carried the vessels gallantly; but finding them filled with wounded men, who could not be removed, he abandoned his prizes rather than destroy so many sufferers, unable, to help themselves—an act of humanity that redounds65 to his credit even more than his courageous exploits! Bravery and humanity should always be companions. In battle Exmouth was a lion, but when the victory was won, he became a lamb.”
“That was noble conduct; and the name of Exmouth ought to be remembered with honour.”
“You have not heard all yet, boys; twice did he leap overboard to save a drowning sailor from the waves; and when no pilot would venture out in the storm that blew the Dutton, East Indiaman, on shore, full of troops, he magnanimously reached the wreck66 in a boat, and made such judicious67 arrangements, that the whole of the crew were saved.”
“Say what you will, but that action was ten times better than a victory!”
“Lord Exmouth was sent to bombard Algiers; for the cruel pirates there would listen to no terms, but continued to infest68 the ocean, and to keep in cruel captivity69 their Christian70 slaves. So well did he perform this service, setting all the slaves at liberty, and doing away with slavery for ever, that his grateful country made him a viscount.”
“He was a kind-hearted man, and well deserved to be rewarded.”
290“I have no time to speak of Admiral Sir Samuel Hood71, because I intend to read you his epitaph. Here it is: it will speak better for him than I can. It was written by the pen of Sir James Mackintosh.”
Sacred to the memory of
SIR SAMUEL HOOD, Bart.
Knight72 of the Most Honourable73 Order of the Bath, and nominated
Grand Cross thereof;
Knight of St. Ferdinand and of Merit,
Knight Grand Cross of the Sword,
Vice-Admiral of the White, and
Commander-in-Chief of H. M. Fleet in the East Indies;
An officer of the highest distinction
among the illustrious men
who rendered their own age the brightest period in the naval history
of their country:
In whom the same simplicity74, calmness, and firmness,
which gave him the full command of his science and skill in the
midst of danger;
secured also the rectitude of his judgment75 in its most rapid
decisions,
preserved the integrity and kindness of his nature undisturbed
amidst the agitations76 of the world,
and diffused77 a graceful78 benignity79 on the frank demeanour
of his generous profession:
Whose character was an example of the natural union of a gallant
spirit with a gentle disposition80,
and of private affection with public honour;
whose native modesty81 was unchanged by a life of renown82:
This Column is erected83,
by the attachment and reverence84 of British Officers;
of whom many were his admiring followers85
in those awful scenes of war,
which, while they called forth86 the grandest qualities of human nature
in him, likewise gave occasion for the exercise of its most amiable87
virtues88.
291“That is a very high character of him indeed!”
“The battle of Navarino was a terrible one for the Turks, for it almost annihilated89 their navy. It took place to compel the Turks to give over their exterminating90 war against the Greeks, and to evacuate91 their country.”
“Who commanded the fleet at the battle of Navarino?”
“Admiral Codrington. Oh, it was a terrible conflict! The bay, and the town, and the Castle of Navarino, formed a picturesque92 view; the Ottoman fleet having crimson93 flags flying at their peaks, with crescents and swords upon them. There were evident signs of hurry on board the ships, as though they hardly expected to be attacked so soon. Indeed, it was afterwards understood, that they intended to be very civil until night, and a strong breeze should favour them in sending forth their fire-ships.”
“Those fire-ships must be sad things?”
“According to orders, no shot was to be fired without a signal from the admiral; and the memorable94 words of Nelson animated95 every heart: ‘No captain can do very wrong who places his ship alongside an enemy.’ The British, French, and Russian ships had enough to do. The Turkish and Egyptian fleets fought with desperation, but when the battle was over, the flag of old England was waving in the breeze of victory. I might speak of many more admirals, and of hundreds of naval 292officers who have signalized themselves for skill and intrepidity96, but enough for the present.
May Britain’s flag still fly unfurl’d
In fair and stormy weather;
And might and right and British hearts
Sail blithely97 on together.”
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1
generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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rambling
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| adj.[建]凌乱的，杂乱的 | |
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crabbed
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| adj.脾气坏的；易怒的；（指字迹）难辨认的；（字迹等）难辨认的v.捕蟹( crab的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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wigs
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| n.假发，法官帽( wig的名词复数 ) | |
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capes
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| 碎谷； 斗篷( cape的名词复数 )； 披肩； 海角； 岬 | |
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cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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armour
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| （=armor）n.盔甲；装甲部队 | |
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jack
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| n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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intrepid
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| adj.无畏的，刚毅的 | |
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seaman
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| n.海员，水手，水兵 | |
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seamen
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| n.海员 | |
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circumspect
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| adj.慎重的，谨慎的 | |
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consummate
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| adj.完美的；v.成婚；使完美 [反]baffle | |
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ruffled
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| adj. 有褶饰边的, 起皱的 动词ruffle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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soot
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| n.煤烟，烟尘；vt.熏以煤烟 | |
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funnel
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| n.漏斗；烟囱；v.汇集 | |
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dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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22
fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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creditors
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| n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 ) | |
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hospitably
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| 亲切地，招待周到地，善于款待地 | |
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deranged
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| adj.疯狂的 | |
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distresses
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| n.悲痛( distress的名词复数 )；痛苦；贫困；危险 | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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estrange
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| v.使疏远，离间，使离开 | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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patriotism
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| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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braces
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| n.吊带，背带；托架( brace的名词复数 )；箍子；括弧；（儿童）牙箍v.支住( brace的第三人称单数 )；撑牢；使自己站稳；振作起来 | |
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courageous
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| adj.勇敢的，有胆量的 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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prudence
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| n.谨慎，精明，节俭 | |
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faction
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| n.宗派，小集团；派别；派系斗争 | |
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obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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confidential
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| adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的 | |
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intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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Amended
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| adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词 | |
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illustrates
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| 给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 )； 说明； 表明； （用示例、图画等）说明 | |
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attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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gallantly
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| adv. 漂亮地，勇敢地，献殷勤地 | |
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gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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battalion
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| n.营；部队；大队(的人) | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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lieutenants
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| n.陆军中尉( lieutenant的名词复数 )；副职官员；空军；仅低于…官阶的官员 | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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54
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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55
frigate
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| n.护航舰，大型驱逐舰 | |
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56
warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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leisurely
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| adj.悠闲的；从容的，慢慢的 | |
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probity
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| n.刚直；廉洁，正直 | |
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affluent
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| adj.富裕的，富有的，丰富的，富饶的 | |
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munificent
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| adj.慷慨的，大方的 | |
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isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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bass
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| n.男低音(歌手)；低音乐器；低音大提琴 | |
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redounds
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| v.有助益( redound的第三人称单数 )；及于；报偿；报应 | |
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wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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judicious
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| adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的 | |
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infest
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| v.大批出没于；侵扰；寄生于 | |
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captivity
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| n.囚禁；被俘；束缚 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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hood
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| n.头巾，兜帽，覆盖；v.罩上，以头巾覆盖 | |
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knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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agitations
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| （液体等的）摇动( agitation的名词复数 )； 鼓动； 激烈争论； （情绪等的）纷乱 | |
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diffused
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| 散布的，普及的，扩散的 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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benignity
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| n.仁慈 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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83
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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annihilated
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| v.（彻底）消灭( annihilate的过去式和过去分词 )；使无效；废止；彻底击溃 | |
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exterminating
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| v.消灭，根绝( exterminate的现在分词 ) | |
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evacuate
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| v.遣送；搬空；抽出；排泄；大(小)便 | |
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picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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intrepidity
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| n.大胆，刚勇；大胆的行为 | |
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blithely
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| adv.欢乐地，快活地，无挂虑地 | |
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