Lee treated this attempt to strike the Confederate Chieftain over his head with the contempt it deserved. Davis laughed at his enemies by the most complete acceptance of their plans.
His answer to Senator Barton's committee was explicit4.
"I have absolute confidence in General Lee's patriotism5 and military genius. I will gladly co?perate with Congress in any plan to place him in supreme6 command."
Lee refused to accept the responsibility except with the advice and direction of the President, and the conspiracy7 ended in a fiasco.
From the moment Sherman's army pierced the heart of the South the Confederate President saw with clear vision that the cause of Southern independence was lost. Lee's army must slowly starve. His one supreme purpose now was to fight to the last ditch for better terms than unconditional8 surrender which would mean the loss of billions in property and the possible enfranchisement9 of a million slaves.
That Lincoln was intensely anxious to stop the shedding of blood he knew from more than one authentic10 source. It was rumored11 that the Northern President was willing to consider compensation for the slaves. An army of a hundred thousand determined13 Southern soldiers led by an indomitable general could fight indefinitely. That it was of the utmost importance to the life of the South to secure a surrender which would forbid the enfranchisement of the slaves and the degradation14 of an electorate15 to their level, Davis saw with clear vision. From the North now came overtures16 of peace. Francis P. Blair asked for permission to visit Richmond.
Blair proposed to end the war by uniting the armies of the North and South for an advance on Mexico to maintain the Monroe Doctrine17 against the new Emperor whom Europe had set upon a throne in the Western Hemisphere.
The Confederate President received his proposals with courtesy.
"I have tried in vain, Mr. Blair," he said gravely, "to open negotiations18 with Washington. How can the first step be taken?"
"Mr. Lincoln, I am sure, will receive commissioners19—though he would give me no assurance on that point. We must stop this deluge20 of blood. I cherish the hope that the pride and honor of the Southern States will suffer no shock in the adjustment."
The result of this meeting was the appointment by Davis of three Commissioners to meet the representatives of the United States. Alexander H. Stephens, R. M. T. Hunter and Judge John A. Campbell were sent to this important conference. For some unknown reason they were halted at Fortress21 Monroe and not allowed to proceed to Washington. A change had been suddenly produced in the attitude of the National Government. Whether it was due to the talk of the men in Richmond who were trying to depose22 Davis or whether it was due to the fall of Fort Fisher and the closing of the port of Wilmington, the last artery23 which connected the Confederacy with the outside world, could not be known.
The Confederate Commissioners were met by Abraham Lincoln himself and his Secretary of State, William H. Seward, in Hampton Roads. The National Government demanded in effect, unconditional surrender.
Davis used the indignant surprise with which this startling announcement was received in Richmond and the South to rouse the people to a last desperate effort to save the country from the deluge which the Radical24 wing of the Northern Congress had now threatened—the confiscation25 of the property of the whites and the enfranchisement of the negro race. In his judgment26 this could only be done by forcing the National Government through a prolongation of the war to pledge the South some measure of protection before they should lay down their arms.
Mass meetings were held and the people called to defend their cause with their last drop of blood. The President made a speech that night to a crowd in the Metropolitan27 Hall on Franklin Street in Richmond which swept them into a frenzy28 of patriotic29 passion. Even his bitterest enemy, the editor of the Examiner, was spellbound by his eloquence30.
When he first appeared on the speakers' stand and lifted his tall thin figure, gazing over the crowd with glittering eye, a tremendous cheer swept the assembly. In that moment, he was the incarnate31 Soul of the South. The Chieftain of the men who wore the gray in this hour of solemn trial, stood before them with countenance32 like the lightning. Cheer on cheer rose and fell with throbbing34 passion.
A smile of strange prophetic sweetness lighted his pale haggard face. The ovation35 he received was the sure promise to his tired soul that when the passions and prejudices, the agony and madness of war had passed the people would understand all he had tried to do in their service. In that moment of divine illumination he saw his place in the hearts of his countrymen and was content.
He spoke36 with even restrained flow of words, with a mastery of himself and his audience that is the mark of the orator37 of the highest genius. His gestures were few. His low, vibrant38, musical voice found the heart of his farthest listener. He swayed them with indescribable passion.
Into the faces of the foe39 who had demanded unconditional surrender he hurled40 the defiance41 of an unconquered and unconquerable soul. He closed with an historical illustration which lifted his audience to the highest reach of emotion. Kossuth had abandoned Hungary with an army of thirty thousand men in the field. The friends of liberty had never forgiven nor could forgive this betrayal.
"What shall we say," he cried, "of the disgrace beneath which we should be buried if we surrender with an army in the field more numerous than that with which Napoleon achieved the glory of France, an army standing42 among its homesteads, an army in which each individual is superior in warlike quality to the individual who opposes him!"
When the tumult43 and applause had died away did he realize in the secret places of his heart that the spirit of the South had been broken by the terrible experiences of four years of blood and fire and death? His iron will gave no sign. To him the manhood of the Southern soldier was unconquerable, his courage dauntless forever.
Six months after Sherman's sword had pierced the heart of the South from Atlanta, Lee's army in the trenches44 before Petersburg had reached the end of their endurance. Lee wired Davis that his thin line could hold back Grant's hosts but a few days and that Richmond must fall. His men were living on parched45 corn.
The President hurried to the White House and slipped his arm around his wife.
"You must leave the city, my dear."
"Please let me stay with you," she pleaded.
"Impossible," he answered firmly. "My headquarters must be in the saddle. Your presence here could only grieve and distress46 me. You can take care of our babies. I know you wish to help and comfort me. You can do this in but one way—go and take the children to a place of safety—"
He paused, overcome with emotion.
"If I live," he continued slowly, "you can come to me when the struggle is over, but I do not expect to survive the destruction of our liberties."
He drew his small hoard47 of gold from his pocket, removed a five-dollar piece for himself, and gave it all to his wife together with the Confederate money he had on hand.
"You must take only your clothing," he said after a moment's silence. "The flour and supplies in your pantry must be left. The people are in want."
He had arranged for his family to settle in North Carolina. The day before his wife left, he gave her a pistol and taught her trembling hands to load, aim and fire it.
"The danger will be," he warned, "that you may full into the hands of lawless bands of deserters from both armies who are even now pillaging48 and burning. You can at least, if you must, force your assailants to kill you. If you cannot remain undisturbed in your own land make for the coast of Florida and take a ship for a foreign country."
Their hearts dumb with despair, his wife and children boarded the train—or the thing that once had been a train—the roof of the cars leaked and the engine wheezed50 and moved with great distress.
The stern face of the Southern leader was set in his hour of trial. He felt that he might never again look on the faces of those he loved. His little girl clung convulsively to his neck in agonizing51 prayer that she might stay. The boy begged and pleaded with tears raining down his chubby52 face.
Just outside of Richmond the engine broke down and the heartsick family sat in the dismal53 day-coach all night. Sleepers54 had not been invented. They were twelve hours getting to Danville—a week on the way to Charlotte.
The reign49 of terror had already begun.
The President's wife avoided seeing people lest they should be compromised when the invading army should sweep over the State.
They found everything packed up in the house that had been rented, but Weill, the big-hearted Jew who was the agent, sent their meals from his house for a week, refusing every suggestion of pay. He offered his own purse or any other service he could render.
When Burton Harrison had seen them safely established in Charlotte he returned at once to his duties with the President in Richmond.
On the beautiful Sunday morning of April 2, 1865, a messenger hurriedly entered St. Paul's Church, walked to the President's pew and handed him a slip of paper. He rose and quietly left.
Not a rumor12 had reached the city of Lee's broken lines. In fact a false rumor had been published of a great victory which his starving army had achieved the day before.
The report of the evacuation of Richmond fell on incredulous ears. The streets were unusually quiet. Beyond the James the fresh green of the spring clothed the fields in radiant beauty. The rumble55 of no artillery56 disturbed the quiet. Scarcely a vehicle of any kind could be seen. The church bells were still ringing their call to the house of God.
The straight military figure entered the Executive office. A wagon57 dashed down Main Street and backed up in front of the Custom House door. Boxes were hurried from the President's office and loaded into it.
A low hum and clatter58 began to rise from the streets. The news of disaster and evacuation spread like lightning and disorder59 grew. The streets were crowded with fugitives60 making their way to the depot61—pale women with disheveled hair and tear-stained faces leading barefooted children who were crying in vague terror of something they could not understand. Wagons62 were backed to the doors of every department of the Confederate Government. As fast as they could be loaded they were driven to the Danville depot.
All was confusion and turmoil63. Important officers were not to be seen and when they were found would answer no questions. Here and there groups of mean-visaged loafers began to gather with ominous64 looks toward the houses of the better class.
The halls of the silent Capitol building were deserted—a single footfall echoed with hollow sound.
The Municipal Council gathered in a dingy65 little room to consider the surrender of the city. Mayor Mayo dashed in and out with the latest information he could get from the War Department. He was slightly incoherent in his excitement, but he was full of pluck and chewed tobacco defiantly66. He announced that the last hope was gone and that he would maintain order with two regiments67 of militia69.
He gave orders to destroy every drop of liquor in the stores, saloons and warehouses70 and establish a patrol.
The militia slipped through the fingers of their officers and in a few hours the city was without a government. Disorder, pillage71, shouts, revelry and confusion were the order of the night. Black masses of men swayed and surged through the dimly-lighted streets, smashing into stores and warehouses at will. Some of them were carrying out the Mayor's orders to destroy the liquor. Others decided72 that the best way to destroy it was to drink it. The gutters73 ran with liquor and the fumes74 filled the air.
To the rear guard of Lee's army under Ewell was left the task of blowing up the vessels75 in the James, and destroying the bridges across the river. The thunder of exploding mines and torpedoes76 now shook the earth. The ships were blown to atoms and the wharves77 fired.
In vain the Mayor protested against the firing of the great warehouses. Orders were orders, and the soldiers obeyed. The warehouses were fired, the sparks leaped to the surrounding buildings and the city was in flames.
As day dawned a black pall78 of smoke obscured the heavens. The sun's rays lighted the banks of rolling smoke with lurid79 glare. The roar of the conflagration80 now drowned all other sounds.
The upper part of Main Street was choked with pillagers—men with drays, some with bags, some rolling their stolen barrels painfully up the hills.
A small squadron of Federal cavalry81 rode calmly into the wild scene. General Weitzel, in command of the two divisions of Grant's army on the north side, had sent in forty Massachusetts troopers to investigate conditions.
At the corner of Eleventh Street they broke into a trot82 for the Square and planted their guidons on the Capitol of the Confederacy.
Long before this advance guard could be seen in the distance the old flag of the union had been flung from the top of the house on Church Hill. Foreseeing the fall of the city Miss Van Lew had sent to the Federal Commander for a flag. Through his scouts83 he had sent it. As Weitzel's two grand divisions swung into Main Street this piece of bunting eighteen feet long and nine feet wide waved from the Van Lew mansion84 on the hill above them.
Stretching from the Exchange Hotel to the slopes of Church Hill, down the hill, through the valley, and up the ascent85 swept this gorgeous array of the triumphant86 army, its bayonets gleaming in the sunlight, every standard, battle flag and guidon streaming in the sky, every band playing, swords flashing, and shout after shout rolling from end to end of the line.
To the roar of the flames, the throb33 of drum, the scream of fife, the crash of martial87 music, and the shouts of marching hosts, was added now the deep thunder of exploding shells in the burning arsenals88.
A regiment68 of negro cavalry swept by the Exchange Hotel and as they turned the corner drew their sabers with a savage89 shout.
An old Virginian with white locks standing in the doorway90 of the hotel gazed on these negro troops a moment, threw his hands on high, and solemnly cried:
"Blow, Gabriel! Blow your trumpet—for God's sake blow!"
For hours the fire raged unchecked—burned until the entire business section of the city lay a smoldering91 heap of ashes. Crowds of men, women and children crowded the Capitol Square fighting with smoke and flying cinders92 for a breath of fresh air. Piles of furniture lay heaped on its greensward. Terror-stricken, weeping women had dragged it from their homes. In improvised93 tents made of broken tables and chairs covered with sheets and bedding hundreds of homeless women and children huddled94.
As night fell the pitiful reaction came from the turmoil and excitement of the day. The quiet of a great desolation brooded over the smoking ruins.
In the rich and powerful North millions were mad with joy. In New York twenty thousand people gathered in union Square and sang the Doxology.
Jennie Barton was in Richmond through it all and yet the tragedy made no impression on her heart or mind. A greater event absorbed her.
Dick Welford had hurried to Lee's army on the day following Socola's departure from Richmond. He wanted to fight once more. Through all the whirlwind of death and blood from the first crash with Grant in the Wilderness95 to his vain assaults on Petersburg he had fought without a scratch. His life was charmed. And then in the first day of the final struggle which broke the lines of Lee's starving army he fell, leading his men in a glorious charge. He reached the hospital in Richmond the day before the city's evacuation.
Jennie had watched by his bedside every hour since his arrival. But few words passed between them. She let him hold her hand for hours in silence, always looking, looking and smiling his deathless love.
He had not spoken Socola's name nor had she.
"It's funny, Jennie," he said at last, "I don't hate him any more—"
The girl's head drooped96 and the tears streamed down her checks.
"Please, Dick—don't—"
"Yes," he insisted, "I want to talk about it and you must hear me—won't you?"
"Of course, if you wish it," she answered tenderly.
"You see I don't hate these Yankee soldiers any more—anyhow. I saw too many of them die from the Wilderness to Petersburg—brave manly97 fellows. The fire of battle has burned the hate out of me. Now I just want you to be happy, Jennie dear, that's all—good-by—"
His hand slipped from hers and in a moment his spirit had passed.
点击收听单词发音
1 conspirators | |
n.共谋者,阴谋家( conspirator的名词复数 ) | |
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2 promotion | |
n.提升,晋级;促销,宣传 | |
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3 condemned | |
adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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4 explicit | |
adj.详述的,明确的;坦率的;显然的 | |
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5 patriotism | |
n.爱国精神,爱国心,爱国主义 | |
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6 supreme | |
adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的 | |
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7 conspiracy | |
n.阴谋,密谋,共谋 | |
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8 unconditional | |
adj.无条件的,无限制的,绝对的 | |
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9 enfranchisement | |
选举权 | |
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10 authentic | |
a.真的,真正的;可靠的,可信的,有根据的 | |
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11 rumored | |
adj.传说的,谣传的v.传闻( rumor的过去式和过去分词 );[古]名誉;咕哝;[古]喧嚷 | |
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12 rumor | |
n.谣言,谣传,传说 | |
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13 determined | |
adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
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14 degradation | |
n.降级;低落;退化;陵削;降解;衰变 | |
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15 electorate | |
n.全体选民;选区 | |
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16 overtures | |
n.主动的表示,提议;(向某人做出的)友好表示、姿态或提议( overture的名词复数 );(歌剧、芭蕾舞、音乐剧等的)序曲,前奏曲 | |
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17 doctrine | |
n.教义;主义;学说 | |
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18 negotiations | |
协商( negotiation的名词复数 ); 谈判; 完成(难事); 通过 | |
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19 commissioners | |
n.专员( commissioner的名词复数 );长官;委员;政府部门的长官 | |
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20 deluge | |
n./vt.洪水,暴雨,使泛滥 | |
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21 fortress | |
n.堡垒,防御工事 | |
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22 depose | |
vt.免职;宣誓作证 | |
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23 artery | |
n.干线,要道;动脉 | |
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24 radical | |
n.激进份子,原子团,根号;adj.根本的,激进的,彻底的 | |
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25 confiscation | |
n. 没收, 充公, 征收 | |
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26 judgment | |
n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见 | |
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27 metropolitan | |
adj.大城市的,大都会的 | |
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28 frenzy | |
n.疯狂,狂热,极度的激动 | |
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29 patriotic | |
adj.爱国的,有爱国心的 | |
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30 eloquence | |
n.雄辩;口才,修辞 | |
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31 incarnate | |
adj.化身的,人体化的,肉色的 | |
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32 countenance | |
n.脸色,面容;面部表情;vt.支持,赞同 | |
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33 throb | |
v.震颤,颤动;(急速强烈地)跳动,搏动 | |
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34 throbbing | |
a. 跳动的,悸动的 | |
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35 ovation | |
n.欢呼,热烈欢迎,热烈鼓掌 | |
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36 spoke | |
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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37 orator | |
n.演说者,演讲者,雄辩家 | |
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38 vibrant | |
adj.震颤的,响亮的,充满活力的,精力充沛的,(色彩)鲜明的 | |
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39 foe | |
n.敌人,仇敌 | |
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40 hurled | |
v.猛投,用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 );大声叫骂 | |
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41 defiance | |
n.挑战,挑衅,蔑视,违抗 | |
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42 standing | |
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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43 tumult | |
n.喧哗;激动,混乱;吵闹 | |
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44 trenches | |
深沟,地沟( trench的名词复数 ); 战壕 | |
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45 parched | |
adj.焦干的;极渴的;v.(使)焦干 | |
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46 distress | |
n.苦恼,痛苦,不舒适;不幸;vt.使悲痛 | |
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47 hoard | |
n./v.窖藏,贮存,囤积 | |
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48 pillaging | |
v.抢劫,掠夺( pillage的现在分词 ) | |
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49 reign | |
n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
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50 wheezed | |
v.喘息,发出呼哧呼哧的喘息声( wheeze的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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51 agonizing | |
adj.痛苦难忍的;使人苦恼的v.使极度痛苦;折磨(agonize的ing形式) | |
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52 chubby | |
adj.丰满的,圆胖的 | |
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53 dismal | |
adj.阴沉的,凄凉的,令人忧郁的,差劲的 | |
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54 sleepers | |
n.卧铺(通常以复数形式出现);卧车( sleeper的名词复数 );轨枕;睡觉(呈某种状态)的人;小耳环 | |
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55 rumble | |
n.隆隆声;吵嚷;v.隆隆响;低沉地说 | |
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56 artillery | |
n.(军)火炮,大炮;炮兵(部队) | |
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57 wagon | |
n.四轮马车,手推车,面包车;无盖运货列车 | |
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58 clatter | |
v./n.(使)发出连续而清脆的撞击声 | |
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59 disorder | |
n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调 | |
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60 fugitives | |
n.亡命者,逃命者( fugitive的名词复数 ) | |
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61 depot | |
n.仓库,储藏处;公共汽车站;火车站 | |
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62 wagons | |
n.四轮的运货马车( wagon的名词复数 );铁路货车;小手推车 | |
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63 turmoil | |
n.骚乱,混乱,动乱 | |
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64 ominous | |
adj.不祥的,不吉的,预兆的,预示的 | |
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65 dingy | |
adj.昏暗的,肮脏的 | |
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66 defiantly | |
adv.挑战地,大胆对抗地 | |
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67 regiments | |
(军队的)团( regiment的名词复数 ); 大量的人或物 | |
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68 regiment | |
n.团,多数,管理;v.组织,编成团,统制 | |
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69 militia | |
n.民兵,民兵组织 | |
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70 warehouses | |
仓库,货栈( warehouse的名词复数 ) | |
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71 pillage | |
v.抢劫;掠夺;n.抢劫,掠夺;掠夺物 | |
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72 decided | |
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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73 gutters | |
(路边)排水沟( gutter的名词复数 ); 阴沟; (屋顶的)天沟; 贫贱的境地 | |
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74 fumes | |
n.(强烈而刺激的)气味,气体 | |
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75 vessels | |
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人 | |
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76 torpedoes | |
鱼雷( torpedo的名词复数 ); 油井爆破筒; 刺客; 掼炮 | |
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77 wharves | |
n.码头,停泊处( wharf的名词复数 ) | |
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78 pall | |
v.覆盖,使平淡无味;n.柩衣,棺罩;棺材;帷幕 | |
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79 lurid | |
adj.可怕的;血红的;苍白的 | |
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80 conflagration | |
n.建筑物或森林大火 | |
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81 cavalry | |
n.骑兵;轻装甲部队 | |
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82 trot | |
n.疾走,慢跑;n.老太婆;现成译本;(复数)trots:腹泻(与the 连用);v.小跑,快步走,赶紧 | |
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83 scouts | |
侦察员[机,舰]( scout的名词复数 ); 童子军; 搜索; 童子军成员 | |
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84 mansion | |
n.大厦,大楼;宅第 | |
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85 ascent | |
n.(声望或地位)提高;上升,升高;登高 | |
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86 triumphant | |
adj.胜利的,成功的;狂欢的,喜悦的 | |
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87 martial | |
adj.战争的,军事的,尚武的,威武的 | |
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88 arsenals | |
n.兵工厂,军火库( arsenal的名词复数 );任何事物的集成 | |
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89 savage | |
adj.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的;n.未开化的人 | |
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90 doorway | |
n.门口,(喻)入门;门路,途径 | |
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91 smoldering | |
v.用文火焖烧,熏烧,慢燃( smolder的现在分词 ) | |
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92 cinders | |
n.煤渣( cinder的名词复数 );炭渣;煤渣路;煤渣跑道 | |
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93 improvised | |
a.即席而作的,即兴的 | |
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94 huddled | |
挤在一起(huddle的过去式与过去分词形式) | |
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95 wilderness | |
n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等,荒漠 | |
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96 drooped | |
弯曲或下垂,发蔫( droop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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97 manly | |
adj.有男子气概的;adv.男子般地,果断地 | |
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