At midnight on the day of the evacuation the President and his Cabinet left Richmond for Danville. He still believed that Lee might cut his way through Grant's lines and join his army with Johnston's in North Carolina. Lee had restored Johnston to command of the small army that yet survived in opposition1 to Sherman. He had hopes that Johnston's personal popularity with the soldiers might in a measure restore their spirits.
The President established his temporary Capital at Danville. G. W. Sutherlin placed his beautiful home at his disposal. Communications with Lee had been cut and the wildest rumors2 were afloat. Davis wrote his last proclamation urging his people to maintain their courage.
In this remarkable3 document he said:
"I announce to you, my fellow countrymen, that it is my purpose to maintain your cause with my whole heart and soul. I will never consent to abandon to the enemy one foot of the soil of any of the States of the Confederacy.
"If by stress of numbers, we should be compelled to a temporary withdrawal4 from the limits of Virginia or any other border State, we will return until the baffled and exhausted5 enemy shall abandon in despair his endless and impossible task of making slaves of a people resolved to be free.
"Let us, then, not despair, my countrymen, but, relying on God, meet the foe6 with fresh defiance7, and with unconquered and unconquerable hearts."
So Washington spoke8 to his starving, freezing little army at Valley Forge in the darkest hour of our struggle for independence against Great Britain. With the help of France Washington succeeded at last.
Davis was destined9 to fail. No friendly foreign power came to his aid. His courage was none the less sublime10 for this reason.
Lee's skeleton army surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, and Davis hurried to Greensboro where Johnston and Beauregard were encamped with twenty-eight thousand men. Two hundred school girls marched to the house in Danville and cheered him as he left.
Mrs. Sutherlin in the last hour of his stay asked for a moment of his time.
He ushered11 her into his room with grave courtesy.
"Dear Madam," he began smilingly, "you have risked your home and the safety of your husband to honor me and the South. I thank you for myself and the people. Is there anything I can do to show how much I appreciate it?"
"You have greatly honored us by accepting our hospitality," was the quick cheerful answer. "We shall always be rich in its memory. I have but one favor to ask of you—"
"Name it—"
She drew a bag from a basket and handed it to him.
"Accept this little gift we have saved. It will help you on your journey. It's only a thousand dollars in gold—I wish it were more."
The President's eyes grew dim and he shook his head.
"No—no—dear, dear Mrs. Sutherlin. Your needs will be greater than mine. Besides, I have asked all for the cause—nothing for myself—nothing!"
He left Danville with heart warmed by the smiles and cheers of two hundred beautiful girls and the offer of every dollar a patriotic12 woman possessed13.
He had need of its memory to cheer him at Greensboro. Here he felt for the first time the results of the malignant14 campaign which Holden's Raleigh Standard had waged against him and his administration. So great was the panic and so bitter the feeling which Holden's sheet had roused that it was impossible for the President and his Cabinet to find accommodations in any hotel or house. He was compelled to camp in a freight car.
It remained for a brave Southern woman to resent this insult to the Chieftain. When Mrs. C. A. L'Hommedieu learned that the President was in town, housed in a freight car and shunned16 by the citizens, she sent him a note and begged him to make her house his home and to honor her by commanding anything in it and all that she possessed.
The leader was at this moment preparing to leave for Charlotte and had to decline her generous and brave offer. But he was deeply moved. He stopped his work to write her a beautiful letter of thanks.
His interview with Johnston and Beauregard was strained and formal. Johnston's army in its present position in the hands of a resolute17 and daring commander could have formed a light column of ten thousand cavalry18 and cut its way through all opposition to the Mississippi River. Knowing the character of his General so well he had small hopes.
After receiving the report of the condition of the army the President called his Cabinet to consider what should be done.
Johnston sat at as great a distance from Davis as the room would permit.
The President reviewed briefly19 the situation and turned calmly to Johnston:
"General, we should like now to hear your views."
The reply was given with brutal20 brevity and in tones of unconcealed defiance and hatred21.
"Sir," the great retreater blurted22 out, "my views are that our people are tired of war, feel themselves whipped and will not fight."
A dead silence followed.
The President turned in quiet dignity to Beauregard:
"And what do you say, General Beauregard?"
"I agree with what General Johnston has said," he replied.
There was no appeal from the decision of these two commanders in such an hour. The President dictated23 a letter to General Sherman suggesting their surrender and outlining the advantageous24 terms which the Northern Commander accepted.
And then the Confederate Chieftain received a message so amazing he could not at first credit its authority.
A courier from Sherman conveyed the announcement to Johnston that Davis might leave the country on a United States vessel25 and take whoever and whatever he pleased with him.
The answer of Jefferson Davis was characteristic.
"Please thank General Sherman for his offer and say that I can do no act which will put me under obligations to the Federal Government."
Sherman had asked Lincoln at their last interview whether he should capture Davis or let him go.
A sunny smile overspread the rugged26 features of the National President:
"That reminds me," he said, "of a temperance lecturer in Illinois. Wet and cold he stopped for the night at a wayside inn. The landlord, noting his condition, asked if he would have a glass of brandy.
"'No—no—' came the quick reply. 'I am a temperance lecturer and do not drink—' he paused and his voice dropped to a whisper—'I would like some water however—and if you should of your own accord, put a little brandy in it unbeknownst to me—why, it will be all right.'"
Sherman was trying to carry out the wishes of the man with the loving heart.
At Charlotte Davis was handed a telegram announcing the assassination27 of Abraham Lincoln. His thin fate went death white. Handing the telegram to his Secretary, he quietly said:
"I am sorry. We have lost our noblest and best friend in the court of the enemy."
He immediately telegraphed the news to his wife who had fled further south to Abbeville, South Carolina. Mrs. Davis burst into tears on reading the fatal message. Her woman's intuition saw the vision of horror which the tragedy meant to her and to her stricken people.
The President left Charlotte with an escort of a thousand cavalrymen for Abbeville. His journey was slow. The wagons29 were carrying all that remained of the Confederate Treasury30 with the money in currency from the Richmond banks which had been entrusted31 to the care of the Secretary of the Treasury.
Davis stopped at a little cabin on the roadside and asked the lady who stood in the doorway32 for a drink of water.
She turned to comply with his request.
While he was drinking a baby barely able to walk crawled down the steps and toddled33 to him.
The mother smiled.
"Is this not President Davis?" she asked tremblingly.
"It is, Madam," he answered with a bow.
She pointed34 proudly to the child:
"He's named for you!"
The President drew a gold coin from his pocket and handed it to the mother.
"Please keep it for my little namesake and tell him when he is old enough to know."
As he rode away with Reagan, his faithful Postmaster General, he said:
"The last coin I had on earth, Reagan. I wouldn't have had that but for the fact I'd never seen one like it and kept it for luck."
"I reckon the war's about finished us," the General replied.
"Yes," Davis cheerfully answered. "My home is a wreck35. Benjamin's and Breckinridge's are in Federal hands. Mallory's fine residence at Pensacola has been burned by the enemy. Your home in Texas has been wrecked36 and burned—"
He paused and drew from his pocketbook a few Confederate bills.
"That is my estate at the present moment."
He received next day a letter from his wife which greatly cheered him:
"Abbeville, S. C., April 28, 1865.
"My dear old Husband:
"Your very sweet letter reached me safely by Mr. Harrison and was a great relief. I leave here in the morning at 6 o'clock for the wagon28 train going to Georgia. Washington will be the first place I shall unload at. From there we shall probably go on to Atlanta or thereabouts, and wait a little until we hear something of you. Let me beseech37 you not to calculate upon seeing me unless I happen to cross your shortest path toward your bourne, be that what it may.
"It is surely not the fate to which you invited me in the brighter days. But you must remember that you did not invite me to a great hero's home but to that of a plain farmer. I have shared all your triumphs, been the only beneficiary of them, now I am claiming the privilege for the first time of being all to you, since these pleasures have passed for me.
"My plans are these, subject to your approval. I think I shall be able to procure38 funds enough to enable me to put the two eldest39 to school. I shall go to Florida if possible and from thence go over to Bermuda or Nassau, from thence to England, unless a good school offers elsewhere, and put them to the best school I can find, and then with the two youngest join you in Texas—and that is the prospect40 which bears me up, to be once more with you if need be—but God loves those who obey Him and I know there is a future for you.
"Here they are all your friends and have the most unbounded confidence in you. Mr. Burt and his wife have urged me to live with them—offered to take the chances of the Yankees with us—begged to have little Maggie—done everything in fact that relatives could do. I shall never forget all their generous devotion to you.
"I have seen a great many men who have gone through—not one has talked fight. A stand cannot be made in this country! Do not be induced to try it. As to the trans-Mississippi, I doubt if at first things will be straight, but the spirit is there, and the daily accretions41 will be great when the deluded42 of this side are crushed between the upper and nether43 millstones. But you have not tried the 'strict construction' fallacy. If we are to require a Constitution, it must be much stretched during our hours of outside pressure if it covers us at all.
"Be careful how you go to Augusta. I get rumors that Brown is going to seize all Government property, and the people are averse44 and mean to resist with pistols. They are a set of wretches45 together, and I wish you were safe out of their land. God bless you, keep you. I have wrestled46 with Him for you. I believe He will restore us to happiness.
"Devotedly47,
"Your Wife."
"Kindest regards to Robert, and thanks for faithful conduct. Love to Johnson and John Wood. Maggie sends you her best love."
The President and his party reached Abbeville on May first, only to find that his wife had left for Washington, Georgia.
At Abbeville, in the home of Armistead Burt, Davis called his last Cabinet meeting and council of war.
There were present five brigade commanders, General Braxton Bragg, his Chief-of-Staff, Breckinridge, Benjamin and Reagan of his Cabinet. The indomitable spirit made the last appeal for courage and the continuance of the fight until better terms could be made that might save the South from utter ruin and the shame of possible negro rule.
He faced them with firm resolution, his piercing eye undimmed by calamity49.
"The South, gentlemen," he declared, "is in a panic for the moment. We have resources to continue the war. Let those who remain with arms in their hands set the example and others will rally. Let the brave men yet with me renew their determination to fight. Around you re?nforcements will gather."
The replies of his discouraged commanders were given in voices that sank to whispers. Each man was called on for his individual opinion.
Slowly and painfully each gave his answer in the negative. The war was hopeless, but they would not disband their men until they had guarded the President to a place of safety.
"No!" Davis answered passionately50. "I will listen to no proposition for my safety. I appeal to you for the cause of my country. Stand by it, men—stand by it!"
His appeal was received in silence. His councilors could not agree with him. The proud old man drew his slender body to its full height, lifted his hands and cried pathetically:
"The friends of the South consent to her degradation51!"
He attempted to pass from the meeting, his emaciated52 face white with anger. His step tottered53 and his body swayed and would have sunk to the floor had not General Breckinridge caught him in his arms and led him from the room.
Benjamin parted from the President when they crossed the Savannah River and he had dropped the Seal of the Confederate Government in the depths of its still, beautiful waters.
"Where are you going?" Reagan asked.
"To the farthest place from the United States," was the quick reply, "if it takes me to China."
He made his way successfully to England and won fame and fortune in the old world.
On hearing that the Federal cavalry were scouring54 the country, Breckinridge and Reagan proposed that Davis disguise himself in a soldier's clothes, a wool hat and brogan shoes, take one man with him and go to the coast of Florida, ship to Cuba.
His reply was firm:
"I shall not leave Southern soil while a Confederate regiment55 is on it. Kirby Smith has an army of 25,000 men. He has not surrendered. General Hampton will cut his way across the Mississippi. We can lead an army of 60,000 men on the plains of Texas and fight until we get better terms than unconditional56 surrender."
Breckinridge was left at Washington to dispose of the small sum yet left in the Treasury and turn over to their agent the money of the Richmond banks.
Robert Toombs lived in Washington. General Reagan called on the distinguished57 leader.
He invited his guest into his library and closed the door.
"You have money, Reagan?"
"Enough to take me west of the Mississippi—"
"You are well mounted?"
"One of the best horses in the country."
"I am at home," he added generously. "I can command what I want, and if you need anything, I can supply you—"
"Thank you, General," Reagan responded heartily58.
Toombs hesitated a moment, and then asked suddenly:
"Has President Davis money?"
"No, but I have enough to take us both across the Mississippi."
"Is Mr. Davis well mounted?"
"He has his fine bay, 'Kentucky,' and General Lee sent him at Greensboro by his son Robert, his gray war horse 'Traveler,' as a present. He has two first class horses."
Again Toombs was silent.
"Mr. Davis and I," he went on thoughtfully, "have had our quarrels. We have none now. I want you to say to him that my men are around me here, and if he desires it I will call them together and see him safely across the Chattahoochee River at the risk of my life—"
"I'll tell him, General Toombs," Reagan cordially responded. "And I appreciate your noble offer. It differs from others who have pretended to be his best friends. They are getting away from him as fast as they can. Some are base enough to malign15 him to curry59 favor with the enemy. I've known Jefferson Davis intimately for ten years. The past four years of war I've been with him daily under every condition of victory and defeat, and I swear to you that he's the truest, gentlest, bravest, tenderest, manliest60 man I have ever known—"
"Let me know," Toombs urged, "if I can serve him in any possible way."
When Reagan delivered the message to the President he responded warmly:
"That's like Toombs. He was always a whole souled man. If it were necessary I should not hesitate to accept his offer."
He was slowly reading his wife's last letters which had been delivered to him by scouts61 who were still faithful.
They were riding in a wagon with picked Mississippi teamsters twenty miles below Washington:
"All well, with Winnie sweet and smiling. Billy plenty of laughter and talk with the teamsters keeps quiet. Jeff is happy beyond expression. Maggie one and two quite well.
"I have $2,500, something to sell, and have heart and a hopeful one, but above all, my precious only love, a heartful of prayer. May God keep you and have His sword and buckler over you. Do not try to make a stand on this side. It is not in the people. Leave your escort and take another road often. Alabama is full of cavalry, fresh and earnest in pursuit. May God keep you and bring you safe to the arms of
"Your devoted48,
"Winnie."
He opened and read another:
"My own precious Banny:
"May God give us both patience against this heavy trial. The soldiers are very unruly and have taken almost all the mules62 and horses from the camp. Do not try to meet me. I dread63 the Yankees getting news of you so much. You are the country's only hope and the very best intentions do not advise a stand this side of the river. Why not cut loose from your escort? Go swiftly and alone with the exception of two or three.
"Oh, may God in His goodness keep you safe, my own. Maggie says she has your prayer book safe. May God keep you, my old and only love, as ever, devotedly,
"Your own,
"Winnie."
He had not seen his wife and babies since they left Richmond. The conduct of the soldiers determined64 his course. He turned to Reagan:
"This move will probably cause me to be captured or killed. You are not bound to go with me—but I must protect my family."
"I go with you, sir—" was the prompt response.
The soldiers were dismissed and the money still remaining in the Treasury divided among them. A picked guard of ten men rode with the fallen Chieftain in search of his loved ones.
They joined Mrs. Davis after a hard ride and found her camp threatened by marauders. He traveled with her two days and, apparently65 out of danger, she begged him to leave her and make good his escape. He finally agreed to do this and with Reagan, the members of his staff and Burton Harrison, his Secretary, started for the Florida coast.
The day was one of dismal66 fog and rain and the party lost the way, turning in a circle, and at sunset met Mrs. Davis and her company at the fork of the road near the Ocmulgee River.
The President and staff traveled with his wife next day and made twenty-eight miles. At Irwinsville their presence was betrayed to the Federal cavalry, his camp surrounded by Colonel Pritchard, and the Confederate President and party arrested.
The soldiers plundered67 his baggage, tore open his wife's trunks and scattered68 her dresses. In one of these trunks they found a pair of new hoopskirts which Mrs. Davis had bought but never worn. An enterprising newspaper man immediately invented and sent broadcast the story that he had been captured trying to escape in his wife's hoopskirts. His enemies refused to hear any contradiction of this invention. It was too good not to be true. They clung to it long after Colonel Pritchard and every man present had given it the lie.
They had traveled a day's journey toward Macon, the headquarters of General Wilson, when an excited man galloped69 into the camp waving over his head a printed slip of paper.
"What is it?" Davis asked of his guard.
The guard seized and read the slip and turned to the Confederate Chieftain and his wife.
"Andrew Johnson's proclamation offering a reward of $100,000 for the capture of Jefferson Davis as the murderer of Abraham Lincoln!"
A cry of anguish70 came from the faithful wife.
The leader touched her shoulder gently.
"Hush71, my dear. The miserable72 scoundrel who wrote that proclamation knew that it is false. He is the one man in the United States who knows that I preferred Abraham Lincoln in the White House to him or any other man the North might elect. Such an accusation73 must fail—"
The wife was not comforted.
"These men may assassinate74 you!"
The soldiers crowded about their defenseless prisoner and heaped on him the vilest75 curses and insults. He made no answer. The far-away look in his eagle eye told them only too plainly that he did not hear.
Colonel Pritchard in his manly76 way made every effort to protect him from insult. Within a short distance of Macon, the prisoners were halted and their escort drawn77 up in line on either side of the road. Colonel Pritchard had ridden into Macon for a brigade to escort his captives through the streets of the city.
The soldiers again cursed and jeered78. The children climbed into their father's arms, kissed and hugged him tenderly and put their little hands over his ears that he should not hear what they said.
He soothed79 their fears and comforted them with beautiful lines from the Psalms80 which he quoted in tones of marvelous sweetness.
General Wilson received his distinguished prisoner with the deference81 due his rank and character. His guard in silence opened their lines and presented arms as Davis entered the building.
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1
opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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rumors
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| n.传闻( rumor的名词复数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷v.传闻( rumor的第三人称单数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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withdrawal
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| n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销 | |
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exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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ushered
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| v.引，领，陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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patriotic
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| adj.爱国的，有爱国心的 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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malignant
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| adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的 | |
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malign
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| adj.有害的；恶性的；恶意的；v.诽谤，诬蔑 | |
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shunned
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| v.避开，回避，避免( shun的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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blurted
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| v.突然说出，脱口而出( blurt的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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dictated
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| v.大声讲或读( dictate的过去式和过去分词 )；口授；支配；摆布 | |
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advantageous
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| adj.有利的；有帮助的 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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assassination
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| n.暗杀；暗杀事件 | |
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wagon
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| n.四轮马车，手推车，面包车；无盖运货列车 | |
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wagons
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| n.四轮的运货马车( wagon的名词复数 )；铁路货车；小手推车 | |
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treasury
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| n.宝库；国库，金库；文库 | |
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entrusted
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| v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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doorway
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| n.门口，(喻)入门；门路，途径 | |
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toddled
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| v.（幼儿等）东倒西歪地走( toddle的过去式和过去分词 )；蹒跚行走；溜达；散步 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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wrecked
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| adj.失事的，遇难的 | |
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beseech
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| v.祈求，恳求 | |
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procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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accretions
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| n.堆积( accretion的名词复数 )；连生；添加生长；吸积 | |
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deluded
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| v.欺骗，哄骗( delude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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nether
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| adj.下部的，下面的；n.阴间；下层社会 | |
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averse
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| adj.厌恶的；反对的，不乐意的 | |
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wretches
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| n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋 | |
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wrestled
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| v.（与某人）搏斗( wrestle的过去式和过去分词 )；扭成一团；扭打；（与…）摔跤 | |
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devotedly
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| 专心地； 恩爱地； 忠实地； 一心一意地 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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49
calamity
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| n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件 | |
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50
passionately
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| ad.热烈地，激烈地 | |
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51
degradation
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| n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变 | |
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52
emaciated
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| adj.衰弱的，消瘦的 | |
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tottered
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| v.走得或动得不稳( totter的过去式和过去分词 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠 | |
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54
scouring
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| 擦[洗]净，冲刷，洗涤 | |
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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unconditional
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| adj.无条件的，无限制的，绝对的 | |
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57
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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58
heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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59
curry
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| n.咖哩粉，咖哩饭菜；v.用咖哩粉调味，用马栉梳，制革 | |
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60
manliest
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| manly（有男子气概的）的最高级形式 | |
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61
scouts
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| 侦察员[机，舰]( scout的名词复数 )； 童子军； 搜索； 童子军成员 | |
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62
mules
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| 骡( mule的名词复数 )； 拖鞋； 顽固的人； 越境运毒者 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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66
dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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plundered
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| 掠夺，抢劫( plunder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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68
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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69
galloped
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| （使马）飞奔，奔驰( gallop的过去式和过去分词 )； 快速做[说]某事 | |
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70
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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71
hush
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| int.嘘，别出声；n.沉默，静寂；v.使安静 | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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accusation
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| n.控告，指责，谴责 | |
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74
assassinate
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| vt.暗杀，行刺，中伤 | |
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vilest
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| adj.卑鄙的( vile的最高级 )；可耻的；极坏的；非常讨厌的 | |
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76
manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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77
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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78
jeered
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| v.嘲笑( jeer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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79
soothed
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| v.安慰( soothe的过去式和过去分词 )；抚慰；使舒服；减轻痛苦 | |
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80
psalms
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| n.赞美诗( psalm的名词复数 )；圣诗；圣歌；(中的) | |
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81
deference
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| n.尊重，顺从；敬意 | |
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