Dellius, Antony’s messenger, at once foresaw the probable result of a meeting between his master and the fascinating Egyptian, advised her to go in her “best style” and vaunted his chief as the “gentlest and kindliest of soldiers.” But Cleopatra was no subservient4 slave to hasten at the first bidding, and, disregarding many summons, took her own time and way to comply.
Her interview with Antony was in singular contrast with her first meeting with Caesar. As a fugitive5 and suppliant6 she conquered the one, with regal pomp and magnificence the other. Perhaps each method appealed most directly to the man she had to deal with, and her keen perception[433] indicated the different modes. C?sar might have shown himself less malleable7 to the dominant8 queen, Antony to the pleading and powerless maiden9.
Josephus speaks of her corrupting10 Antony with her “love trick,” and says he was bewitched and utterly11 conquered by her charms—her “tricks” were of large and magnificent description. She made great preparations and gathered together splendid ornaments12 and costly13 gifts. At last, with full and well deserved confidence in her own powers of fascination14 she started. Plutarch’s words will best describe the gorgeous pageant15 she devised. “She came sailing up the River Cydnus” (Antony was in Cilicia) “in a barge16 with gilded17 stem and outspread sails of purple, while oars18 of silver beat time to the music of flutes19 and pipes and harps20. She herself lay all along under a canopy21 of cloth of gold, dressed as Venus in a picture, and beautiful young boys, like painted Cupids, stood on each side to fan her. Her maids were dressed like sea Nymphs and Graces, some steered22 at the rudder, some working at the ropes. The perfumes diffused23 themselves from the vessel24 to the shore, which was covered with multitudes.” The people vacated the whole place and hastened to gaze upon the wondrous25 and beautiful sight, while Antony remained alone, awaiting the humble26 petitioner27 whom perhaps he expected to appear before him. But finally as Cleopatra intended he went to her.
“He found the preparations to receive him magnificent beyond expression, but nothing so admirable as the number of lights, for on a sudden[434] there was let down together so great a number of branches with lights in them so ingeniously disposed, some in squares, some in circles, that the whole thing was a spectacle that has seldom been equalled for beauty.”
This beginning was the keynote of their future intercourse28, amusements, banquets, entertainments of all sorts. Cleopatra sent Antony the whole gold service which he admired, and, according to the familiar story, dissolved her pearl earring29 in a cup of vinegar or sour wine, which she made him drink. Pleasure was the goddess whom they worshipped. Unworthy though it might be of her fine powers and abilities, this was perhaps the happiest time of Cleopatra’s life. Antony tried to vie with her in the splendor31 of his entertainments, but laughingly confessed she far outdid him.
Something like true love for him seems to have inspired the fickle32 queen. Caesar was but three years dead, but he was unmourned and forgotten. Antony was a handsome man of fine and attractive appearance and is thus described: “His beard was well grown, his forehead large and his nose aquiline33, giving him altogether a bold, masculine look that reminded people of the face of Hercules in painting and sculpture.”
He was of the type that is most apt to win general regard generous and lavish34, if not always just or honest, free and easy in manner to his inferiors, full of jokes and raillery and ready to drink and gamble with almost any one. Physically35 the two, the man and the woman, were[435] splendid specimens36 of the human race. Morally what can be said of them?
Meanwhile Antony’s wife was fighting his battles at Rome and beseeching37 him to return, which he finally promised to do, but the Circe who held him in thrall38 willed rather that he should go with her to Alexandria, and prevailed, for he basely yielded to her arguments and spent the winter there, giving himself with her wholly up to the pursuit of pleasure in every form and the wildest revelry.
The inferior officers must have fulfilled their duties more faithfully than their superiors or the whole land would have been plunged40 in anarchy41 and destruction. The laws were administered, industry and commerce flourished, and Alexandria continued to be a large, populous42 and busy city, full of life and animation43 and adorned44 with many magnificent buildings. The Pharos steadily45 cast its beneficent light across the waters to be a guide to mariners46; the Temple of Serapis, on its high platform, called attention to the worship of the gods; the Library was as yet the casket of valuable treasures; the Museum was thronged47 with students and scholars; palaces and public buildings adorned the beautiful streets, forts and castles, breakwaters and harbor were laid out and perfected and Alexandria was alone rivalled by Rome.
The gods, too, no matter what might be the moral aspect of the private life of royalty48, were worshipped and revered49, and with the temples of Denderah and Phil? the name of Cleopatra VI is especially associated. Though less gigantic than[436] some of the others, the Temple of Hathor, the Goddess of Love, at Denderah, with that at Philae were none the less beautiful. Here at Dendera or Denderah, the Tentyra of the Greeks, a yearly festival was conducted with great splendor. The original edifice50 dated back to the earliest period of Egyptian history; it was added to and altered by the monarchs51 of the Twelfth Dynasty, by Thothmes III and by Rameses II and III. It is said to have contained no less than twelve crypts. On the site of this old building the later Ptolemies had re-erected a newer structure, and it is here, on the southern, rear wall was found the conventional portrait of Cleopatra VI, as Isis, and her son Caesarion.
The exquisite52 beauty of the ruins at Philae still charm the beholder—graceful columns and feathery palms, like cameos against the radiant blue of the sky, the river softly lapping at their feet. We can imagine the splendor and magnificence of it all, when in the completeness of its perfection and the queenly Venus with her attendant train of followers53, adding its artistic54 and picturesque55 human element to the scene.
Thus in gaiety and revel39 the Roman soldier, forgetful of his duties, and his fair enchantress, passed the time. Says Plutarch further of Cleopatra: “Plato admits four sorts of flattery, but she had a thousand. Were Antony serious or disposed to mirth she had at any moment some new delight or charm to meet his wishes; at every turn she was upon him, drank with him, hunted with him, and when he exercised in arms she was there to see. At night she would go rambling[437] with him to disturb and torment56 people at their doors and windows, dressed like a servant woman, for Anthony also went in servant’s disguise.” But it is further added that “the Alexandrians in general all liked it well enough and joined good humoredly and kindly57 in his frolic and play, saying they were much obliged to Antony for acting58 the tragic59 parts at Rome and keeping his comedy for them.”
The story of the fishing party is among the more innocent of these frolics. Antony, not having good luck, secretly caused divers60 to put fishes upon his hook, which Cleopatra discovering, got beforehand with him and had a salted, dried fish put on, which of course caused much amusement and merriment when drawn61 to the surface, and “the laughing queen” is reported to have said, “Leave the fishing, General, to us poor sovereigns of Pharos and Canopus; your game is cities, kingdoms and provinces!”
But the blackest stain upon this period is the murder of the poor princess, Arsinoe, who had taken refuge at Miletus, in the temple of Artemis Leucophryne, and who was put to death there by Antony’s orders, at the instigation of Cleopatra. Perhaps beautiful and attractive also, if to a less extent, how different were the experiences of the two sisters! It seems strange that Arsinoe was not already the wife of and under the protection of some powerful noble or king—but Fate decreed differently.
Their mad existence could not continue forever and matters at Rome grew so serious for Antony that he finally tore himself away from his[438] enchantress and returned. His wife came to meet him, but died on the journey, so that legally he was now a free man. One almost wonders that he did not marry Cleopatra and try to make himself king of Egypt, as the first Ptolemy had done. But probably his reason forbade the attempt, and old relations once more began to hold sway. He made peace with the new Caesar, Octavian, Julius’ nephew, and accepted his offer of his half-sister, Octavia, the recent widow of Caius Marcellus, for his wife, the Senate dispensing62 with the law which obliged a widow to pay the respect of ten months of single life to her late husband. Octavia was a fine and beautiful woman, and is spoken of as serious and gentle, worthy30 of a better fate than to be the mate of Antony. For a time, however, she won his regard and an influence for good over him, recalling him to his better self, and a return to public duties, till Antony undertook the campaign against Parthion, and came once more within reach of his former enslaver.
For four years he seems to have been separated from Cleopatra, who had borne him twins, and with strange patience bided63 her time. She is said to have maintained the claims of her eldest64 son Caesarion and during all this time to have made no demands on Antony. He had left her, spite of all she had done, or could do, to detain him, and wounded, mortified65 and indignant, perhaps, she held her peace.
Pride is sometimes as strong a motive66 as love itself. So far solace67 she turned, as so many before[439] her had done, to the building and repairing of temples.
Ebers has assumed in the preface to his “Cleopatra” that the colossal68 pair, hand in hand, found at Alexandria in 1892, of which the female figure is fairly preserved, represent Antony and Cleopatra. Once within reach of her, Antony’s old passion revived, and he sent for her to Syria. Very differently she acted from the first time he had summoned her; she needed no second bidding, but came at his call, and all was as before between them. He made her numerous and valuable gifts, acknowledged the twins as his own, giving them the names of Alexander and Cleopatra, and as surnames the titles of “Sun” and “Moon,” and utterly broke loose from all his obligations. Once more Cleopatra triumphed.
She then returned to Egypt, while Antony went further afield; she in the interval69 going in state to Jerusalem, to visit Herod the Great. Says another writer in “The Greek World Under Roman Sway:” “The scene at Herod’s palace must have been inimitable. The display of counter fascinations70 between the two tigers, their voluptuous71 natures mutually attracted, their hatred73 giving to each the deep interest in the other which so often turns to mutual72 passion while it incites74 to conquest, the grace and finish of their manners, concealing75 a ruthless ferocity, the splendor of their appointments—what more dramatic picture can we imagine in history?”
But in this instance Cleopatra did not make the usual conquest, though she doubtless exerted all her powers. Although (under unjust accusation)[440] he was eventually persuaded to put her to death, Herod was at that time passionately77 attached to his wife, Mariamme, and withstood Cleopatra’s fascinations. The reunion of Antony and Cleopatra was most alarming to him, and he even consulted his council as to whether she, being in his power, he might dare to make away with her, but the dread78 of Antony’s vengeance79 prevented, and with much polite attention and many gifts, she was escorted back to Egypt.
Antony’s campaign against Parthia was a failure, but as before two women stood ready to assist him. Cleopatra on the one hand, accused of having violated tombs and robbed temples, perhaps for this very purpose, hastened to Syria to meet him, with provisions and clothing for his distressed80 army, while on the other Octavia came to Athens with even larger supplies. But as against Fulvia, so now, Cleopatra was victor, and Antony accompanied her to Alexandria. Again he gave himself up to his mad infatuation, incensing81 the Romans (who regarded Cleopatra with horror and aversion) at every step.
Plutarch gives us a graphic82 picture: “Assembling the people in the exercise grounds and causing two golden thrones to be placed on a platform of silver, the one for him, the other for Cleopatra, and at their feet lower down for their children, he proclaimed Cleopatra Queen of Egypt, Cyprus, Libya and Coele-Syria, and with her co-jointly Caesarion, the reported son of the former Caesar. His own sons by Cleopatra (she bore him two sons and a daughter) were to have the style of ‘king of kings;’ to Alexander he[441] gave Armenia and Media, with Parthia, so soon as it should be overcome; to Ptolemy, Ph?nicia, Syria and Cilicia. Alexander was brought before the people in Median costume, the tiara and upright peak, and Ptolemy in boots and mantle83 and Macedonian cap, done about with the diadem84, for this was the habit of the successors of Alexander, as the other was of the Medes and Armenians. As soon as they had saluted85 their parents the one was received by a guard of Macedonians, the other by one of Armenians.” Cleopatra was then, as at other times when she appeared in public, dressed in the habit of the goddess Isis.
These theatrical86 performances were doubtless entertaining to the people, who, in all countries, love public shows, as well to the principals who never seemed to tire of their masquerading and lulled87 to rest complaints and dissatisfaction, with the existing order of things. For now Antony and Cleopatra proceeded to Athens to enact89 similar scenes. The people there were said to be attached to and to have paid great regard to Octavia, and Cleopatra claimed the like honors.
But the folly90 of Antony’s course was raising against him a powerful faction88, and C?sar Octavian did everything to augment91 this feeling and prepared for war. Cleopatra now put all the resources of her kingdom at Antony’s command and insisted on accompanying him to battle, herself in charge of the Egyptian fleet. They went to Samos and to Actium, where Antony gathered together his army and it is said would have fought on land, but Cleopatra insisted that the[442] strength of the rivals should be tested at sea. One dominant thought possessed92 her, as strong, or stronger, than her love for Antony—it was an invincible93 dread of being taken captive by and made to grace the triumph of the brother of the outraged94 Octavia. At sea she might hope to escape as she could not on land. It was this doubtless, more than cowardice95, for however wicked she certainly was a brave woman and not lacking in physical courage, that made her at the first evidence that the battle was going against Antony, turn her vessel’s prow96 and seek safety in flight.
Losing heart and head at once Antony blindly followed. For years Cleopatra had been his inspiration, his passion, his lode-star; where else to fly he knew not, his old world was, all too deservedly, against him. Yet it was not now for joyance that he sought, though he followed her; he steeled his heart against her sorceries, and shut himself up in morbid97 communings with his own spirit. He would not see her and for some time it was in vain that her maidens98 pleaded with and tried to comfort him.
It seemed for the moment as if Cleopatra’s power, she who “governed men by change” had failed. Her heart cried out,
“Where is Mark Antony?
The man my lover with whom I rode sublime99
On Fortune’s neck; we sat as god by god;
The Nilus would have risen before his time,
And flooded at our nod.”
But a reconciliation100 finally ensued. Not to be at peace with Cleopatra was to give up his[443] last hope, and apparently101 his only chance for a renewal102 of life and power. His army, deserted103 by its officers, made submission104 to C?sar, who thus remained complete victor.
Arrived in Africa, Cleopatra proceeded to Alexandria, while Antony remained alone, wandering about in comparative solitude105, with only one of two friends. Reaching home, the queen pretended to have conquered rather than been defeated, and proceeded to put to death people, official and otherwise, of whom she wished to be rid. Not for one moment does she seem to have sat down and given up to despair, as did Antony. One project after another was entered upon and put in execution, and when Antony, weary of wandering, at last joined her again, he found her busy endeavoring to have her fleet dragged across the Isthmus106 of Suez, from the Mediterranean107 to the Red Sea, that she might escape to the other side and find a place of refuge and safety. But the Arabians burnt her ships and she was forced to abandon her gigantic scheme. She also sent embassies to C?sar, praying that she might be allowed to retain Egypt for herself and her children and that Antony might dwell there or in Athens as a private individual. C?sar professed108 to be willing to grant her anything that was reasonable, but was inexorable as regards Antony. If she would murder Antony, get him out of the way by whatever means, then her own prospects109 would be better.
But wicked, ambitious, and cruel as Cleopatra undoubtedly110 was, the most sincere sentiment of[444] her wayward life seems her attachment111 to Antony. To this she clung, preferring to share his fate—even death itself, than abandon or kill him. Nevertheless Antony was jealous and suspicious of her, and once more shut himself up in moody112 solitude. That her star had set, the knell113 of her doom114 sounded, Cleopatra must have clearly foreseen, but to the very end she held her head proudly and showed unbroken spirit. Not for her in modern parlance115 was “the white feather.” Once more and for the last time she tempted116 Antony to her side. It must have been impossible for him to withhold117 his meed of admiration118 from this undaunted soul. Once more it was for them both, “Let us eat and drink for to-morrow we die!” and they plunged into the same revelry, almost on the brink119, as it were, of the grave. For them life had held little that was better, but the fine flavor of earlier times must have departed and there could not but be bitterness in their souls as they partook of their “dead sea fruit.”
Cleopatra now completed her tomb, which, like so many Egyptian monarchs, she had begun before; in which she gathered together all her treasures and made strange experiments, with various poisons, on her unfortunate slaves, seeking to know how death might be most easily attained120. While inexorable fate in the person of the world conqueror121, Octavius C?sar, moved steadily and surely towards the besotted pair, Cleopatra would not put herself in the power of the conqueror, she would not grace his triumph. Rather than that welcome death!
[445]
C?sar on his part was most anxious to possess himself of her valuables and to prevent her from killing122 herself, as he feared she might do, and continued to send her plausible123 messages, but she did not trust him. He had taken Pelusium and now advanced to invest Alexandria. The toils124 were tightening125 around the tiger queen, like the iron tower which enshrouded the prisoner and daily grew smaller, so misfortune closed in upon her. She deserved her fate, she had even done much to provoke it, but one cannot withhold some pity and admiration from the dauntless, if wicked, woman.
Antony plucked up his spirit and made one successful sally against the surrounding host, but it was but the dying flicker126 of the candle; defeat followed, and his fleet and troops deserted to the conqueror. He accused Cleopatra of treachery, rushing through the streets and decrying127 her aloud in his mad fury. She fled and shut herself up with her maidens and attendants in her well guarded tomb, while Antony retired128 to his palace. She then caused word to be sent to him that she had committed suicide, and a wave of tenderness overwhelmed him, while he lauded129 her bravery and begged his attendant to kill him, but the faithful servant only thrust his sword into his own body, and fell dead at his master’s feet. In despair Antony wounded himself, but not at once fatally, and word being brought him that Cleopatra still lived, he demanded and entreated130 to be carried to her.
Fearful of C?sar’s emissaries, she refused to unbar the great stone door, but she and her maidens[446] drew her dying lover up to the balcony, exerting all their strength, and laid his on a bed, where he expired in her arms.
Like a requiem131 mournfully seems to float in fragmentary cadence132,
“I am dying, Egypt, dying,
Ebbs133 the crimson134 life tide fast,
…
His who drunk with thy caresses135
Madly threw a world away,
…
And for thee, star-eyed Egyptian,
Glorious sorceress of the Nile,
Light the path to Stygian horrors
With the splendors136 of thy smile;
…
Isis and Osiris guard thee,
Cleopatra, Rome, farewell!”
Then she gave herself up to a passionate76 grief, of which we cannot doubt the sincerity137, children—country—all was forgotten in her wild outburst of sorrow, and still the pitiful story drew to its close. Cleopatra attempted suicide, but C?sar’s messengers having now reached the upper story, with scaling ladders, arrived in time to prevent, and drew her dagger138 away, even threatening her with the destruction of all her children if she did not desist. Now for a space she changed her policy, but probably never her mind, which was evidently bent139 on self-destruction. She arrayed herself in fine garments and received C?sar, delivering over to him, nominally140, all her treasures, but flying into a furious passion with a servant who betrayed that she was[447] withholding141 a part; alternate gusts142 of fury and grief swayed the now enfeebled and broken body, and the tormented143 soul. At one instant she drew herself up in queenly dignity, at another threw herself at C?sar’s feet, bathed in tears. He raised and tried to reassure144 her, pretending that he intended her no harm, but never relinquishing145 the fixed146 purpose of having her grace his triumph. While she, on her part, allowing herself to seem comforted, was equally unchanged in her determination. ’Tis said that during this interview Octavius kept his eyes upon the ground that neither the sight of her beauty nor her grief might move him.
And now comes the last act of the theatrical and tragic story. A basket of figs147 was sent up to the queen, and hidden in that, or in the apartment, was the asp, the messenger of death. Crowned and arrayed as for a festival she laid herself upon the bed where Antony had expired, and received a bite from the irritated snake, which she had tormented to his fatal task, she breathed her last. The passionate devotion she had inspired was proven by the self-destruction of her two maidens, Iras and Charmian, both of whom followed her example. Many old stories have been, by modern criticism and research, proved to be mythical148 tales, but this seems to hold its own. She had written a pitiful entreaty149 to C?sar that she might be buried in the same tomb with Antony, the last proof that her love for him was indeed a true affection. No sooner had Octavius received this than he suspected her design, and again sent his messengers, if possible, to prevent[448] it. But they were too late, and we close with Plutarch’s words: “Iras, one of her women, lay dying at her feet and Charmian, just ready to fall, scarce able to hold up her head, was adjusting her mistress’ diadem.” The picture is very touching150. “And,” continues the narrative151, “when one that came in said, ‘Was this well done of your lady, Charmian?’ ‘Perfectly well,’ she answered, ‘and as became the daughter of so many kings.’ And as she said this she fell dead by the bedside.”
Thus the curtain was rung down on the last act of the tragedy. Though faded in bloom, and torn with emotions the still beautiful queen, in all the statuesque majesty152 of death, lay upon her couch, while as in life her faithful maidens bore her company. So expired the last and most noted153 queen of Egypt and Rome, long virtually master, took full possession. Balked154 in his scheme of carrying Cleopatra captive, C?sar showed what his fixed determination had been by having a golden statue of her made, with the asp upon her arm, and carried in his triumphal procession.
Of the fate of Cleopatra’s children, history makes brief mention. The young C?sarion, whose rights his mother had always so carefully guarded, had been sent away with his tutor to the town of far Berenike, but the faithless man betrayed him to Octavian, who had both him and Antony’s son, Antyllus, who had been declared an hereditary155 prince, cruelly murdered. The younger children, though they soon pass from the records and are lost to sight, had perchance a[449] happier fate. The young princess Cleopatra, Antony’s daughter, who doubtless possessed at least a portion of her mother’s beauty, was married to Juba, the so-called “literary king” of Mauritania, and Octavian, having removed those members of the family that he considered in any way dangerous to his own autocratic authority, permitted the sister to carry with her the two younger brothers, Alexander and Ptolemy, and thus the once mighty156 kingdom of Egypt lay prostrate157 under the foot of the temporary master of the world and became a Roman province; and the history of the Ptolemy race virtually ends with that of the world renowned158 queen, as Tennyson says, “a name forever.”
The End
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victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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oration
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| n.演说，致辞，叙述法 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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subservient
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| adj.卑屈的，阿谀的 | |
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fugitive
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| adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者 | |
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suppliant
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| adj.哀恳的；n.恳求者，哀求者 | |
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malleable
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| adj.(金属)可锻的;有延展性的；(性格)可训练的 | |
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dominant
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| adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因 | |
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maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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corrupting
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| （使）败坏( corrupt的现在分词 )； （使）腐化； 引起（计算机文件等的）错误； 破坏 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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fascination
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| n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋 | |
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pageant
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| n.壮观的游行；露天历史剧 | |
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barge
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| n.平底载货船，驳船 | |
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gilded
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| a.镀金的，富有的 | |
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oars
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| n.桨，橹( oar的名词复数 )；划手v.划（行）( oar的第三人称单数 ) | |
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flutes
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| 长笛( flute的名词复数 )； 细长香槟杯（形似长笛） | |
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harps
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| abbr.harpsichord 拨弦古钢琴n.竖琴( harp的名词复数 ) | |
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canopy
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| n.天篷，遮篷 | |
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steered
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| v.驾驶( steer的过去式和过去分词 )；操纵；控制；引导 | |
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diffused
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| 散布的，普及的，扩散的 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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petitioner
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| n.请愿人 | |
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intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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earring
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| n.耳环，耳饰 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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splendor
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| n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌 | |
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fickle
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| adj.(爱情或友谊上)易变的，不坚定的 | |
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aquiline
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| adj.钩状的，鹰的 | |
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lavish
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| adj.无节制的；浪费的；vt.慷慨地给予，挥霍 | |
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physically
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| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
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36
specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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beseeching
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| adj.恳求似的v.恳求，乞求（某事物）( beseech的现在分词 ) | |
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38
thrall
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| n.奴隶；奴隶制 | |
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39
revel
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| vi.狂欢作乐，陶醉；n.作乐，狂欢 | |
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40
plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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41
anarchy
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| n.无政府状态；社会秩序混乱，无秩序 | |
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42
populous
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| adj.人口稠密的，人口众多的 | |
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43
animation
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| n.活泼，兴奋，卡通片／动画片的制作 | |
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44
adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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45
steadily
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| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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46
mariners
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| 海员，水手（mariner的复数形式） | |
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47
thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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48
royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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49
revered
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| v.崇敬，尊崇，敬畏( revere的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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50
edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室) | |
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51
monarchs
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| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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52
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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53
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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54
artistic
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| adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的 | |
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picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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56
torment
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| n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)；vt.折磨；纠缠 | |
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57
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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58
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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59
tragic
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| adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的 | |
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60
divers
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| adj.不同的；种种的 | |
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61
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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62
dispensing
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| v.分配( dispense的现在分词 )；施与；配（药） | |
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63
bided
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| v.等待，停留( bide的过去式 )；居住；等待；面临 | |
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64
eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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65
mortified
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| v.使受辱( mortify的过去式和过去分词 )；伤害（人的感情）；克制；抑制（肉体、情感等） | |
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66
motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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67
solace
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| n.安慰；v.使快乐；vt.安慰(物)，缓和 | |
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68
colossal
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| adj.异常的，庞大的 | |
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69
interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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70
fascinations
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| n.魅力( fascination的名词复数 )；有魅力的东西；迷恋；陶醉 | |
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71
voluptuous
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| adj.肉欲的，骄奢淫逸的 | |
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72
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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73
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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74
incites
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| 刺激，激励，煽动( incite的第三人称单数 ) | |
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75
concealing
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的现在分词 ) | |
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76
passionate
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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77
passionately
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| ad.热烈地，激烈地 | |
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78
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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79
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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80
distressed
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| 痛苦的 | |
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81
incensing
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| 焚香，烧香（incense的现在分词形式） | |
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82
graphic
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| adj.生动的，形象的，绘画的，文字的，图表的 | |
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83
mantle
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| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
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84
diadem
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| n.王冠，冕 | |
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85
saluted
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的过去式和过去分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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86
theatrical
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| adj.剧场的，演戏的；做戏似的，做作的 | |
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87
lulled
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| vt.使镇静，使安静（lull的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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88
faction
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| n.宗派，小集团；派别；派系斗争 | |
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89
enact
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| vt.制定(法律)；上演，扮演 | |
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90
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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91
augment
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| vt.(使)增大，增加，增长，扩张 | |
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92
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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93
invincible
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| adj.不可征服的，难以制服的 | |
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94
outraged
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| a.震惊的，义愤填膺的 | |
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95
cowardice
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| n.胆小，怯懦 | |
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96
prow
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| n.(飞机)机头，船头 | |
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97
morbid
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| adj.病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的 | |
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98
maidens
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| 处女( maiden的名词复数 )； 少女； 未婚女子； （板球运动）未得分的一轮投球 | |
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99
sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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100
reconciliation
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| n.和解，和谐，一致 | |
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101
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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102
renewal
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| adj.(契约)延期，续订，更新，复活，重来 | |
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103
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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104
submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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105
solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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106
isthmus
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| n.地峡 | |
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107
Mediterranean
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| adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的 | |
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108
professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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109
prospects
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| n.希望，前途(恒为复数) | |
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110
undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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111
attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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112
moody
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| adj.心情不稳的，易怒的，喜怒无常的 | |
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113
knell
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| n.丧钟声；v.敲丧钟 | |
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114
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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115
parlance
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| n.说法；语调 | |
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116
tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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117
withhold
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| v.拒绝，不给；使停止，阻挡 | |
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118
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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119
brink
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| n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿 | |
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120
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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121
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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122
killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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123
plausible
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| adj.似真实的，似乎有理的，似乎可信的 | |
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124
toils
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| 网 | |
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125
tightening
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| 上紧，固定，紧密 | |
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126
flicker
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| vi./n.闪烁，摇曳，闪现 | |
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127
decrying
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| v.公开反对，谴责( decry的现在分词 ) | |
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128
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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129
lauded
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| v.称赞，赞美( laud的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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130
entreated
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| 恳求，乞求( entreat的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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131
requiem
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| n.安魂曲，安灵曲 | |
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132
cadence
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| n.（说话声调的）抑扬顿挫 | |
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133
ebbs
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| 退潮( ebb的名词复数 )； 落潮； 衰退 | |
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134
crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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135
caresses
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| 爱抚，抚摸( caress的名词复数 ) | |
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136
splendors
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| n.华丽( splendor的名词复数 )；壮丽；光辉；显赫 | |
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137
sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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138
dagger
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| n.匕首，短剑，剑号 | |
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139
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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140
nominally
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| 在名义上，表面地； 应名儿 | |
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141
withholding
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| 扣缴税款 | |
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142
gusts
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| 一阵强风( gust的名词复数 )； （怒、笑等的）爆发； （感情的）迸发； 发作 | |
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143
tormented
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| 饱受折磨的 | |
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144
reassure
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| v.使放心，使消除疑虑 | |
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145
relinquishing
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| 交出，让给( relinquish的现在分词 )； 放弃 | |
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146
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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147
figs
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| figures 数字，图形，外形 | |
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148
mythical
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| adj.神话的；虚构的；想像的 | |
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149
entreaty
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| n.恳求，哀求 | |
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150
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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151
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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152
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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153
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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154
balked
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| v.畏缩不前，犹豫( balk的过去式和过去分词 )；（指马）不肯跑 | |
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155
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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156
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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157
prostrate
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| v.拜倒，平卧，衰竭；adj.拜倒的，平卧的，衰竭的 | |
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158
renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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