Dear Archy,—As a resource in the solitary1 evenings of commencing winter, it occurred to me to look into the long-neglected lore2 of the marvellous, the mystical, the supernatural. I remembered the deep awe3 with which I had listened, many a year ago, to tales of seers, ghosts, vampyrs, and all the dark brood of night. And I thought it would be infinitely4 agreeable to thrill again with mysterious terrors, to start in my chair at the closing of a distant door, to raise my eyes with uneasy apprehension5 towards the mirror opposite, and to feel my skin creep through the sensible “afflatus” of an invisible presence. I entered, accordingly, upon a very promising6 course of appalling7 reading. But, a-lack and well-a-day! a change had come over me since the good old times when fancy, with fear and superstition8 behind her, would creep on tiptoe to catch a shuddering9 glimpse of Kobbold, Fay, or incubus10. Vain were all my efforts to revive the pleasant horrors of earlier years: it was as if I had10 planned going to a play to enjoy again the full gusto of scenic11 illusion, and, through absence of mind, was attending a morning rehearsal12 only; when, instead of what I had anticipated, great-coats, hats, umbrellas, and ordinary men and women, masks, tinsel, trap-doors, pulleys, and a world of intricate machinery13, lit by a partial gleam of sunshine, had met my view. The enchantment14 was no longer there—the spell was broken.
Yet, on second thoughts, the daylight scene was worth contemplating15. A new object, of stronger interest, suggested itself. I might examine and learn the mechanism16 of the illusions which had failed to furnish me the projected entertainment. In the books I had looked into, I discerned a clue to the explanation of many wonderful stories, which I could hitherto only seriously meet by disbelief. I saw that phenomena17, which before had appeared isolated18, depended upon a common principle, itself allied19 with a variety of other singular facts and observations, which wanted only to be placed in philosophical20 juxtaposition21 to be recognised as belonging to science. So I determined22 to employ the leisure before me upon an inquiry23 into the amount of truth in popular superstitions24, certain that, if the attempt were not premature25, the labour would be well repaid. There must be a real foundation for the belief of ages. There can be no prevalent delusion26 without a corresponding truth. The visionary promises of alchemy foreshadowed the solid performances of modern chemistry, as the debased worship of the Egyptians implied the existence of a proper object of worship.
Among the immortal27 productions of the Scottish Shakspeare—you smile, but that phrase contains the true belief, not a popular delusion; for the spirit of the11 poet lives not in the form of his works, but in his creative power and vivid intuitions of nature; and the form even is often nearer than you think:—but this excursiveness will never do; so, to begin again.
Among the novels of Scott—I intended to say—there is not one more wins upon us than the Antiquary. Nowhere has the great author more gently and indulgently, never with happier humour, portrayed28 the mixed web of strength and infirmity in human character; never, besides, with more facile power evoked29 pathos30 and terror, and disported31 himself amid the sublimity32 and beauty of nature. Yet, gentle as is his mood, he misses not the opportunity—albeit, in general, he displays an honest leaning towards old superstitions—mercilessly to crush one of the humblest. Do you remember the Priory of St. Ruth, and the summer-party made to visit it, and the preparations for the subsequent rogueries of Dousterswivel in the tale of Martin Waldeck, and the discovery of a spring of water by means of the divining rod?
I am inclined, do you know, to dispute the verdict of the novelist on this occasion, and to take the part of the charlatan33 against the author of his being; as far, at least, as regards the genuineness of the art the said charlatan then and there affected34 to practise. There exists, in fact, strong evidence to show that, in competent hands, the divining rod really does what is pretended of it. This evidence I propose to put before you in the present letter. But, as the subject may be entirely35 new to you, I had best begin by describing what is meant by a divining rod, and in what the imputed36 jugglery38 consists.
Then you are to learn that, in mining districts, a superstition prevails among the people that some are born gifted with an occult power of detecting the proximity39 of12 veins41 of metal, and of underground currents of water. In Cornwall, they hold that about one in forty possesses this faculty42. The mode of exercising it is very simple. They cut a hazel twig43, just below where it forks. Having stripped the leaves off, they cut each branch to something more than a foot in length, leaving the stump44 three inches long. This implement45 is the divining rod. The hazel is selected for the purpose, because it branches more symmetrically than its neighbours. The hazel-fork is to be held by the branches, one in either hand, the stump or point projecting straight forwards. The arms of the experimenter hang by his sides; but the elbows being bent46 at a right angle, the fore-arms are advanced horizontally; the hands are held eight to ten inches apart; the knuckles47 down, and the thumbs outwards48. The ends of the branches of the divining fork appear between the roots of the thumbs and fore-fingers.
The operator, thus armed, walks over the ground he intends exploring, in the full expectation that, if he possesses the mystic gift, as soon as he passes over a vein40 of metal, or an underground spring, the hazel-fork will begin to move spontaneously in his hands, rising or falling as the case may be.
You are possibly amused at my gravely stating, as a fact, an event so unlikely. It is, indeed, natural that you should suppose the whole a juggle37, and think the seemingly spontaneous motion of the divining fork to be really communicated to it by the hands of the conjurer—by a sleight49, in fact, which he puts in practice when he believes that he is walking over a hidden water-course, or wishes you to believe that there is a vein of metal near. Well, I thought as you do the greater part of my life; and probably the likeliest way of combating your13 skepticism, will be to tell you how my own conversion50 took place.
In the summer of 1843 I dwelt under the same roof with a Scottish gentleman, well informed, of a serious turn of mind, fully51 endowed with the national allowance of shrewdness and caution. I saw a good deal of him; and one day, by chance, this subject of the divining rod was mentioned. He told me, that at one time his curiosity having been raised upon the subject, he had taken pains to ascertain52 what there is in it. With this object in view he had obtained an introduction to Mrs. R., sister of Sir G.?R., then living at Southampton, whom he had learned to be one of those in whose hands the divining rod moved. He visited the lady, who was polite enough to show him in what the performance consists, and to answer all his questions, and to assist him in making experiments calculated to test the reality of the phenomenon, and to elucidate53 its cause.
Mrs. R. told my friend that, being at Cheltenham in 1806, she saw, for the first time, the divining rod used by Mrs. Colonel Beaumont, who possessed54 the power of imparting motion to it in a very remarkable55 degree. Mrs. R. tried the experiment herself at that time, but without any success. She was, as it happened, very far from well. Afterwards, in the year 1815, being asked by a friend how the divining rod is held, and how it is to be used, on showing it she was surprised to see that the instrument now moved in her hands.
Since then, whenever she had repeated the experiment, the power had always manifested itself, though with varying degrees of energy.
Mrs. R. then took my friend to a part of the shrubbery where she knew, from former trials, the divining14 rod would move in her hands. It did so, to my friend’s extreme astonishment56; and even continued to move, when, availing himself of Mrs. R.’s permission, my friend grasped her hands with sufficient firmness to prevent, as he supposed, any muscular action of her wrists or fingers influencing the result.
On a subsequent day my friend having thought over what he had seen, repeated his visit to the lady. He provided himself, as substitutes for the hazel-fork which he had seen her employ, with portions of copper57 and iron wire about a foot and a half long, bent something into the form of the letter V. He had made, in fact, divining forks of wire, wanting only the projecting point. He found that these instruments moved quite as freely in Mrs. R.’s hands as the hazel-fork had done. Then he coated the two handles of one of them with sealing-wax, leaving, however, the extreme ends free and uncovered. When Mrs. R. tried the rod so prepared, holding the parts alone which were covered with sealing-wax, and walked on the same piece of ground as in the former experiments, the rod remained perfectly58 still. As often, however, as—with no greater change than adjusting her hands so as to touch the free ends of the wire with her thumbs—Mrs. R. renewed direct contact with the instrument, it again moved. The motion ceased again as often as the direct contact was interrupted.
This simple narrative59, made to me by the late Mr. George Fairholm, carried conviction to my mind of the reality of the phenomenon. I asked my friend why he had not pursued the subject further. He said he had often thought of doing so, and had, he believed, mainly been deterred60 by meeting with the work of the Compte de Tristan, entitled Recherches sur quelques effluves ter15restres, Paris, 1829, in which facts similar to those which he had himself verified were given, and a number of additional curious experiments detailed61.
At Mr. Fairholm’s instance I procured62 the book, and, at a later period, read it. I may say that it both satisfied and disappointed me. It satisfied me, inasmuch as it fully confirmed all that Mr. Fairholm had stated. It disappointed me, for it threw no additional light upon the phenomena. M. de Tristan had in fact brought too little physical knowledge to the investigation64, so that a large proportion of his experiments are puerile65. However, his simpler experiments are valuable and suggestive. These I will presently describe. In the mean time, you shall hear the Count’s own narrative of his initiation66 into the mysteries of the divining rod.
“The history of my researches,” says M. de Tristan,16 “is simply this. Some twenty years ago, a gentleman who, from his position in society, could have no object to gain by deception67, showed to me, for my amusement, the movement of the divining rod. He attributed the motion to the influence of a current of water, which appeared to me a probable supposition. But my attention was more engaged with the action produced by the influence, let the latter be what it might. My informant assured me he had met with many others in whom the same effects were manifested. When I returned home, and had opportunities of making trials under favourable68 circumstances, I found that I myself possessed the same endowment. Since then I have induced many to make the experiment, and I have found a fourth, or certainly a fifth, of the number capable of setting the divining rod in motion at the very first attempt. Since that time, during these twenty years, I have often tried my hand, but for amusement only, and desultorily69, and without any idea of making the thing an object of scientific investigation. But at length, in the year 1822, being in the country, and removed from my ordinary pursuits, the subject again came across me, and I determined forthwith to try and ascertain the cause of this phenomena. Accordingly, I commenced a long series of experiments, from fifteen to eighteen hundred in number, which occupied me nearly fifteen months. The results of above twelve hundred were written down at the time of their performance.”
The scene of the Count’s operations was in the valley of the Loire, five leagues from Vend70?me, in the park of the Chateau71 de Ranac. The surface of ground which gave the desired results was from seventy to eighty feet in breadth. But there was another spot equally efficient at the Count’s ordinary residence at Emerillon, near Clery, four leagues south of Orleans, ten leagues south of the Loire, at the commencement of the plains of Solonge. The surface ran from north to south, and had the same breadth with the other. These “exciting tracts73” form, in general, bands or zones of undetermined, and often very great length. Their breadth is very variable; some are only three or four feet across, while others are one hundred paces. These tracts are sometimes sinuous74; in other instances they ramify. To the most susceptible75 they are broader than to those who are less so.
M. de Tristan thus describes what happens when a competent person, armed with a hazel-fork, walks over the exciting districts:—
When two or three steps have been made upon the exciting tract72 of ground, the fork, which at starting is held horizontally, with the point forwards, begins gently to17 ascend76; it gradually attains77 a vertical78 position; sometimes it passes beyond that, and lowering itself, with its point to the chest of the operator, it becomes again horizontal. If the motion continues, the rod descending79 becomes vertical, with the point downwards80. Finally, the rod may again ascend and resume its first position. When the action is very lively, the rod immediately commences a second revolution; and so it goes on, as long as the operator continues to walk over the exciting surface of ground.
A few of those in whose hands the divining fork moves exhibit a remarkable peculiarity81. The instrument, instead of commencing its motion by ascending82, descends83; the point then becomes directed vertically84 downwards; afterwards it reascends, and completes a revolution in a course the opposite of the usual one; and as often and as long as its motion is excited, it pursues this abnormal course.
Of the numerous experiments made by M. de Tristan, the following are among the simplest and the best:—
He covered both handles of a divining rod with a thick silk stuff. The result of using the instrument so prepared was the same which Mr. Fairholm obtained by coating the handles with sealing-wax. The motion of the divining rod was extinguished.
He covered both handles with one layer of a thin silk. He then found that the motion of the divining rod took place, but it was less lively and vigorous than ordinary.
By covering one handle of the divining rod, and that the right, with a layer of thin silk, a very singular and instructive result was obtained. The motion of the instrument was now reversed. It commenced by descending.
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After covering the point of the divining rod with a thick layer of silk stuff, the motion was sensibly more brisk than it had been before.
When the Count held in his hands a straight rod of the same substance conjointly with the ordinary divining rod, no movement of the latter whatsoever85 ensued.
Finally, the Count discovered that he could cause the divining rod to move when he walked over a non-exciting surface—as, for instance, in his own chamber—by various processes. Of these the most interesting consisted in touching86 the point of the instrument with either pole of a magnetic needle. The instrument shortly began to move, ascending or descending, according as the northward87 or southward pole of the needle had been applied88 to it.
It is unnecessary to add that these, and all M. de Tristan’s experiments, were repeated by him many times. The results of those which I have narrated90 were constant.
Let me now attempt to realize something out of the preceding statements.
1. It is shown, by the testimony91 adduced, that whereas in the hands of most persons the divining rod remains92 motionless, in the hands of some it moves promptly93 and briskly when the requisite94 conditions are observed.
2. It is no less certain that the motion of the divining rod has appeared, to various intelligent and honest persons, who have succeeded in producing it, to be entirely spontaneous; or that the said persons were not conscious of having excited or promoted the motion by the slightest help of their own.
3. It appears that in the ordinary use of the divining rod by competent persons, its motion only manifests itself in certain localities.
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4. It being assumed that the operator does not, however unconsciously, by the muscular action of his hands and wrists produce the motion of the divining rod, the likeliest way of accounting95 for the phenomenon is to suppose that the divining rod may become the conductor of some fluid or force, emanating96 from or disturbed in the body by a terrestrial agency.
But here a difficulty arises: How can it happen that the hypothetical force makes so long and round-about a course? Why, communicated to the body through the legs, does not the supposed fluid complete a circuit at once in the lower part of the trunk?
Such, at all events, would be the course an electric current so circumstanced would take.
The difficulty raised admits of being removed by aid derived97 from a novel and unexpected source. I allude98 to the discovery, by Von Reichenbach, of a new force or principle in the physical world, which, whether or not it is identical with that which gives motion to the divining rod, exhibits, at all events, the very property which the hypothetical principle should possess to explain the phenomena which we have been considering.
No attempts have indeed been made to identify the two as one; and my conjecture99 that they may prove so, should it even appear plausible100, is so vague, that I should have contented101 myself with referring to Von Reichenbach’s new principle as to an established truth, and have introduced no account of it into this Letter, had I not a second motive102 for insuring your cognisance of the curious facts which the Viennese philosopher has brought to light. It is less with the view of furnishing a leg to the theory of the divining rod, than in order to provide the means of elucidating103 more interesting problems, that I20 now proceed briefly104 to sketch105 the leading experiments made by Von Reichenbach, and their results.
Objections have been taken against these experiments, on the ground that their effects are purely106 subjective107; that the results must be received on the testimony of the party employed; and that the best parties for the purpose are persons whose natural sensibility is exalted108 by disorder109 of the nerves; a class of persons always suspected of exaggeration, and even, and in part with justice, of a tendency to trickery and deception. But this was well known to Von Reichenbach, who appears to have taken every precaution necessary to secure his observations against error. And when I add, that many of the results which he obtained upon the most sensitive and the highly nervous, were likewise manifested in persons of established character and in good health, and that the fidelity110 of the author and of his researches is authenticated111 by the publication of the latter in Woehler and Liebig’s Chemical Annals, (Supplement to volume 53, Heidelberg, 1845,) I think you will not withhold112 from them complete reliance.
In general, persons in health and of a strong constitution are insensible to the influence of Von Reichenbach’s new force. But all persons, the tone of whose health has been lowered by their mode of life—men of sedentary habits, clerks, and the like, and women who employ their whole time in needlework, whose pale complexions113 show the relaxed and therefore irritable114 state of their frames—all such, or nearly all—evince more or less susceptibility to the influence I am about to describe.
Von Reichenbach found that persons of the latter class, when slow passes are made with the poles of a strong magnet moved parallel to the surface—down the back,21 for instance, or down the limbs, and only distant enough just not to touch the clothes—feel sensations rather unpleasant than otherwise, as of a light draft of air blown upon them in the path of the magnet.
In the progress of his researches, Von Reichenbach found that the more sensitive among his subjects could detect the presence of his new agent by another sense. In the dark they saw dim flames of light issuing and waving from the poles of the magnet. The experiments suggested by this discovery afford the most satisfactory proofs of the reality of the phenomena. They were the following:—A horse-shoe magnet having been adjusted upon a table, with the poles directed upwards115, the sensitive subject saw, at the distance of ten feet, the appearance of flames issuing from it. The armature of the magnet—a bar of soft iron—was then applied. Upon this the flames disappeared. They reappeared, she said, as often as the armature was removed from the magnet.
A similar experiment was made with a yet more sensitive subject. This person saw, in the first instance, flames as the first had done; but when the armature of the magnet was applied, the flames did not disappear: she saw flames still: only they were fainter, and their disposition116 was different. They seemed now to issue from every part of the surface of the magnet equally.
It is hardly necessary to add, that these experiments were made in a well-darkened room, and that none of the bystanders could discern what the sensitive subjects saw.
Then the following experiment was made:—A powerful lens was so placed as that it should concentrate the light of the flames (if real light they were) upon a point of the wall of the room. The patient at once saw the22 light upon the wall at the right place; and when the inclination117 of the lens was shifted, so as to throw the focus in succession on different points, the sensitive observer never failed in pointing out the right spot.
To his new force, which Von Reichenbach had now found to emanate118 likewise from the poles of crystals and the wires of the voltaic pile, he gave the arbitrary but convenient name of Od, or the Od force.
His next step was to ascertain the existence of a difference among the sensations produced by Od. Sometimes the current of air was described as warm, sometimes as cool. He found this difference to depend upon the following cause: Whenever the northward pole of a magnet, or one definite pole of a large crystal, or the negative wire of a voltaic battery, is employed in the experiment, the sensation produced is that of a draft of cool air. On the contrary, the southward pole of the magnet, the opposite pole of the crystal, the positive voltaic wire, excite the sensation of a draft of warm air.
So the new force appeared to be a polar force, and Von Reichenbach called the first series of the above described manifestations119 Od-negative effects, the second Od-positive effects.
From among his numerous experiments towards establishing the polarity of Od, I select the following:—One of the most sensitive of his subjects held, at his desire, a piece of copper wire, by the middle with the right hand—by one end with the left. Then Von Reichenbach touched the free end of the wire with one pole of a large crystal, in order to charge it with Od. The patient immediately felt a sensation in the right hand, which disappeared as quickly, to be felt by the left hand instead, at the further end of the piece of wire. She then was23 bidden to take hold of the wire with both her hands at the middle, and then to slide them away from each other to the opposite ends: she observed, on doing so, that sensations were produced which were strong and decided120 when her hands held the two ends of the wire, and diminished in intensity121 in proportion as the hands were nearer its middle.
Von Reichenbach next came upon the observation that the human hand gives out the Od force; and that the right hand displays the characters of negative Od, the left those of positive Od. The more sensitive subjects recognised, in the dark, the appearance of dim flames proceeding122 from the tips of his fingers; and all felt the corresponding sensations of drafts of cool or of warm air. Subsequently the whole body was found to share the properties of the hands; the entire right side to manifest negative Od, the entire left side positive Od.
So, in reference to this new force, the human body exhibits a transverse polarity; the condition is thus realized which is required to belong to the hypothetical force through which the divining rod might be supposed to move. If any terrestrial influence were capable of disturbing the Od force in the body, however it might affect its intensity, a current or circuit could only be established through the arms and hands; unless, indeed, some extraordinary means were taken, such as employing an artificial conductor, arched half round the body, to connect the two sides.
The sensations which attend the establishment of a current of Od and interferences with it, in sensitive subjects, are exemplified in the following observations:—
A bar magnet was laid on the palm of the left hand of one of the most sensitive subjects, with its southward pole24 resting on the end of her middle finger, the northward pole on the fore-arm above the wrist. It thus corresponded with the natural polar arrangement of the Od force in the patient’s hand and arm. Accordingly, no sensation was excited. But when the position of the magnet was reversed, and the northward pole lay on the end of the middle finger of the left hand, an uneasy sense of an inward conflict arose in the hand and wrist, which disappeared when the magnet was removed or its original direction restored. On laying the magnet reversed on the fore-arm, the sense of an inward struggle returned, which was heightened on joining the hands and establishing a circuit.
When the patient completed the circuit in another way—namely, by holding a bar magnet by the ends, if the latter were disposed normally, (that is, if the northward pole was held in the left hand, the southward pole in the right,) a lively consciousness of some inward action ensued. A normal circulation of Od was in progress. When the direction of the magnet was reversed, the phenomenon mentioned in the last paragraph recurred123. The patient experienced a high degree of uneasiness, a feeling as of an inward struggle extending itself to the chest, with a sense of whirling round, and confusion in the head. These symptoms disappeared immediately upon her letting go the magnet.
Similar results ensued when Von Reichenbach substituted himself for the magnet. When he took Miss Maix’s hands in his normally—that is to say, her left in his right, her right in his left—she felt a circulation moving up the right arm through the chest down the left arm, attended with a sense of giddiness. When he changed hands, the disagreeableness of the sensation was suddenly25 heightened, the sense of inward conflict arose, attended with a sort of undulation up and down the arms, and through the chest, which quickly became intolerable.
A singular but consistent difference in the result ensued when Von Reichenbach repeated the last two experiments upon Herr Schuh. Herr Schuh was a strong man, thirty years of age, in full health, but highly impressible by Od. When Von Reichenbach took his two hands in his own normally, Herr Schuh felt the normal establishment of the Od current in his arms and chest. In a few seconds headache and vertigo124 ensued, and the experiment was too disagreeable to be prolonged. But when Von Reichenbach took his hands abnormally, no sensible effect ensued. Being equally strong with Von Reichenbach, Herr Schuh’s frame repelled125 the counter-current, which the latter arrangement tended to throw into him. In the first or normal arrangement, the Od current had met with no resistance, but had simply gone its natural course. The distress126 occurred from its being felt through Herr Schuh’s accidental sensitiveness to Od; of the freaks of which in their systems people in general are unconscious.
I have concluded my case in favour of the pretensions127 of the divining rod. It seems to me, at all events, strong enough to justify128 any one who has leisure, in cutting a hazel-fork, and walking about with it in suitable places, holding it in the manner described. I doubt, however, whether I should recommend a friend to make the experiment. If, by good luck, the divining rod should refuse to move in his hands, he might accuse himself of credulity, and feel silly, and hope nobody had seen him, for the rest of the day. If, unfortunately, the first trial should succeed, and he should be led to pursue the inquiry, the consequences would be more serious: his pro26bable fate would be to fall at once several degrees in the estimation of his friends, and to pass with the world, all the rest of his life, for a crotchety person of weak intellects.
As for the divining rod itself, if my argument prove sound, it will be a credit to the family of superstitions; for without any reduction, or clipping, or trimming, it may at once assume the rank of a new truth. But, alas129! the trials which await it in that character!—what an ordeal130 is before it! A new truth has to encounter three normal stages of opposition131. In the first, it is denounced as an imposture132; in the second—that is, when it is beginning to force itself into notice—it is cursorily133 examined, and plausibly134 explained away; in the third, or cui bono stage, it is decried135 as useless, and hostile to religion. And when it is fully admitted, it passes only under a protest that it has been perfectly known for ages—a proceeding intended to make the new truth ashamed of itself, and wish it had never been born.
I congratulate the sea-serpent on having arrived at the second stage of belief. Since Professor Owen (no disrespect to his genuine ability and eminent136 knowledge) has explained it into a sea-elephant, its chance of being itself is much improved; and as it will skip the third stage—for who will venture to question the good of a sea-serpent?—it is liable now any morning “to wake and find itself famous,” and to be received even at Lincoln’s Inn Fields, where its remains may commemoratively be ticketed the Ex-Great-Seal.
Postscript137, (1850.)—It may save trouble to some future experimenter to narrate89 my own exploits with the divining rod.
In the spring of 1847, being then at Weilbach in Nas27sau, a region teeming138 with underground sources of water, I requested the son of the proprietor139 of the bathing establishment—a tall, thin, pale, white-haired youth, by name Edward Seebold—to walk in my presence up and down a promising spot of ground, holding a divining fork of hazel, with the accessories recommended by M. de Tristan to beginners—that is to say, he held in his right hand three pieces of silver, besides one handle of the rod, while the handle which he held in his left hand was covered with a thin silk.
The lad had not made five steps when the point of the divining fork began to ascend. He laughed with astonishment at the event, which was totally unexpected by him; and he said that he experienced a tickling140 or thrilling sensation in his hands. He continued to walk up and down before me. The fork had soon described a complete circle; then it described another; and so it continued to do as long as he walked thus, and as often as, after stopping, he resumed his walk. The experiment was repeated by him in my presence, with like success, several times during the ensuing month. Then the lad fell into ill health, and I rarely saw him. However, one day I sent for him, and begged him to do me the favour of making another trial with the divining fork. He did so, but the instrument moved slowly and sluggishly141; and when, having completed a semicircle, it pointed63 backwards142 towards the pit of his stomach, it stopped, and would go no farther. At the same time the lad said he felt an uneasy sensation, which quickly increased to pain, at the pit of the stomach, and he became alarmed, when I bade him quit hold of one handle of the divining rod, and the pain ceased. Ten minutes afterwards I induced him to make another trial; the results were the same. A few days later, when the lad seemed still more out of28 health, I induced him to repeat the experiment. Now, however, the divining fork would not move at all.
I entertain little doubt that the above performances of Edward Seebold were genuine. I thought the same of the performances of three English gentlemen, and of a German, in whose hands, however, the divining rod never moved through an entire circle. In the hands of one of them its motion was retrograde, or abnormal: that is to say, it began by descending.
But I met with other cases, which were less satisfactory, though not uninstructive. I should observe that, in the hands of several who tried to use it in my presence, the divining fork would not move an inch. But there were two younger brothers of Edward Seebold, and a bath-maid, and my own man, in whose hands the rod played new pranks143. When these parties walked forwards the instrument ascended144, or moved normally; but when, by my desire, they walked backwards, the instrument immediately went the other way. I should observe that, in the hands of Edward Seebold, the instrument moved in the same direction whether he walked forwards or backwards; and I have mentioned that at first it described in his hands a complete circle. But with the four parties I have just been speaking of, the motion of the fork was always limited in extent. When it moved normally at starting, it stopped after describing an arc of about 225°; in the same way, when it moved abnormally at starting, it would stop after describing an arc of about 135°; that is to say, there was one spot the same for the two cases, beyond which it could not get. Then I found that, in the hands of my man, the divining rod would move even when he was standing145 still, although with a less lively action; still it stopped as before, nearly at the same point. Sometimes it ascended, sometimes29 descended146. Then I tried some experiments, touching the point with a magnetic needle. I found, in the course of them, that when my man knew which way I expected the fork to move, it invariably answered my expectations; but when I had the man blindfolded147, the results were uncertain and contradictory148. The end of all this was, that I became certain that several of those in whose hands the divining rod moves, set it in motion and direct its motion by the pressure of their fingers, and by carrying their hands nearer to, or farther apart. In walking forwards, the hands are unconsciously borne towards each other; in walking backwards, the reverse is the case.
Therefore, I recommend no one to prosecute149 these experiments unless he can execute them himself, and unless the divining rod describes a complete circle in his hands; and even then he should be on his guard against self-deception.
Postscript II.—I am now (May, 1851) again residing at the bathing establishment of Weilbach, near Mayence; and it was with some interest and curiosity that the other day I requested Mr. Edward Seebold, now a well-grown young man, in full health, to try his hand again with the divining-rod. He readily assented150 to my request; and he this time knew exactly what result I expected. But the experiment entirely failed. The point of the divining rod rose, as he walked, not more than two or three inches; but this it does with every one who presses the two handles towards each other during the experiment. Afterwards the implement remained perfectly stationary151. I think I am not at liberty to withhold this result from the reader, whom it may lead to question, though it cannot induce myself to doubt, the genuineness of the former performances of Mr.30 E.?S.
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3
awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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4
infinitely
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| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
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5
apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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6
promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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7
appalling
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| adj.骇人听闻的，令人震惊的，可怕的 | |
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8
superstition
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| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
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9
shuddering
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| v.战栗( shudder的现在分词 )；发抖；（机器、车辆等）突然震动；颤动 | |
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10
incubus
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| n.负担；恶梦 | |
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11
scenic
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| adj.自然景色的，景色优美的 | |
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12
rehearsal
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| n.排练，排演；练习 | |
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13
machinery
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| n.(总称)机械，机器；机构 | |
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14
enchantment
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| n.迷惑，妖术，魅力 | |
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15
contemplating
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| 深思，细想，仔细考虑( contemplate的现在分词 )； 注视，凝视； 考虑接受（发生某事的可能性）； 深思熟虑，沉思，苦思冥想 | |
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16
mechanism
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| n.机械装置；机构，结构 | |
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17
phenomena
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| n.现象 | |
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18
isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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19
allied
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| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
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20
philosophical
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| adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的 | |
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21
juxtaposition
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| n.毗邻，并置，并列 | |
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22
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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23
inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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24
superstitions
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| 迷信，迷信行为( superstition的名词复数 ) | |
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25
premature
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| adj.比预期时间早的；不成熟的，仓促的 | |
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26
delusion
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| n.谬见，欺骗，幻觉，迷惑 | |
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27
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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28
portrayed
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| v.画像( portray的过去式和过去分词 )；描述；描绘；描画 | |
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29
evoked
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| [医]诱发的 | |
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30
pathos
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| n.哀婉，悲怆 | |
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31
disported
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| v.嬉戏，玩乐，自娱( disport的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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32
sublimity
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| 崇高，庄严，气质高尚 | |
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33
charlatan
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| n.骗子；江湖医生；假内行 | |
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34
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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35
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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36
imputed
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| v.把（错误等）归咎于( impute的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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37
juggle
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| v.变戏法，纂改，欺骗，同时做；n.玩杂耍，纂改，花招 | |
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38
jugglery
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| n.杂耍，把戏 | |
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39
proximity
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| n.接近，邻近 | |
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40
vein
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| n.血管，静脉；叶脉，纹理；情绪；vt.使成脉络 | |
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41
veins
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| n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理 | |
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42
faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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43
twig
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| n.小树枝，嫩枝；v.理解 | |
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44
stump
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| n.残株，烟蒂，讲演台；v.砍断，蹒跚而走 | |
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45
implement
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| n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行 | |
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46
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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47
knuckles
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| n.（指人）指关节( knuckle的名词复数 )；（指动物）膝关节，踝v.（指人）指关节( knuckle的第三人称单数 )；（指动物）膝关节，踝 | |
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48
outwards
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| adj.外面的，公开的，向外的；adv.向外；n.外形 | |
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49
sleight
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| n.技巧，花招 | |
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50
conversion
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| n.转化，转换，转变 | |
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51
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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52
ascertain
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| vt.发现，确定，查明，弄清 | |
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53
elucidate
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| v.阐明，说明 | |
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54
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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55
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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56
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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57
copper
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| n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的 | |
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58
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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59
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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60
deterred
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| v.阻止，制止( deter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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61
detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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62
procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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63
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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64
investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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65
puerile
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| adj.幼稚的，儿童的 | |
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66
initiation
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| n.开始 | |
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67
deception
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| n.欺骗，欺诈；骗局，诡计 | |
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68
favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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69
desultorily
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| adv. 杂乱无章地, 散漫地 | |
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70
vend
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| v.公开表明观点，出售，贩卖 | |
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71
chateau
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| n.城堡，别墅 | |
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72
tract
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| n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林) | |
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73
tracts
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| 大片土地( tract的名词复数 )； 地带； （体内的）道； （尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的）短文 | |
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74
sinuous
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| adj.蜿蜒的，迂回的 | |
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75
susceptible
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|
| adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的 | |
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76
ascend
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|
| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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77
attains
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的第三人称单数 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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78
vertical
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| adj.垂直的，顶点的，纵向的；n.垂直物，垂直的位置 | |
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79
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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80
downwards
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|
| adj./adv.向下的（地），下行的（地） | |
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81
peculiarity
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|
| n.独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖 | |
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82
ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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83
descends
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|
| v.下来( descend的第三人称单数 )；下去；下降；下斜 | |
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84
vertically
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| adv.垂直地 | |
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85
whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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86
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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87
northward
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| adv.向北；n.北方的地区 | |
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88
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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89
narrate
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| v.讲，叙述 | |
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90
narrated
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| v.故事( narrate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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91
testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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92
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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93
promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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94
requisite
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| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
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95
accounting
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| n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表 | |
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96
emanating
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| v.从…处传出，传出( emanate的现在分词 )；产生，表现，显示 | |
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97
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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98
allude
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| v.提及，暗指 | |
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99
conjecture
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| n./v.推测，猜测 | |
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100
plausible
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| adj.似真实的，似乎有理的，似乎可信的 | |
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101
contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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102
motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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103
elucidating
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| v.阐明，解释( elucidate的现在分词 ) | |
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104
briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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105
sketch
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| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
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106
purely
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| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
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107
subjective
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| a.主观(上)的，个人的 | |
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108
exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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109
disorder
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| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
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110
fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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111
authenticated
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| v.证明是真实的、可靠的或有效的( authenticate的过去式和过去分词 )；鉴定，使生效 | |
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112
withhold
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| v.拒绝，不给；使停止，阻挡 | |
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113
complexions
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| 肤色( complexion的名词复数 )； 面色； 局面； 性质 | |
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114
irritable
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| adj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的 | |
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115
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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116
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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117
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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118
emanate
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| v.发自，来自，出自 | |
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119
manifestations
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| n.表示，显示（manifestation的复数形式） | |
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120
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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121
intensity
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| n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度 | |
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122
proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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123
recurred
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| 再发生，复发( recur的过去式和过去分词 )； 治愈 | |
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124
vertigo
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| n.眩晕 | |
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125
repelled
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| v.击退( repel的过去式和过去分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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126
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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127
pretensions
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| 自称( pretension的名词复数 )； 自命不凡； 要求； 权力 | |
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128
justify
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| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
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129
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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130
ordeal
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| n.苦难经历，（尤指对品格、耐力的）严峻考验 | |
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131
opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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132
imposture
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| n.冒名顶替，欺骗 | |
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133
cursorily
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| adv.粗糙地，疏忽地，马虎地 | |
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134
plausibly
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| 似真地 | |
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135
decried
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| v.公开反对，谴责( decry的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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137
postscript
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| n.附言，又及；(正文后的)补充说明 | |
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138
teeming
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| adj.丰富的v.充满( teem的现在分词 )；到处都是；（指水、雨等）暴降；倾注 | |
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139
proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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140
tickling
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| 反馈，回授，自旋挠痒法 | |
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141
sluggishly
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| adv.懒惰地；缓慢地 | |
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142
backwards
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| adv.往回地，向原处，倒，相反，前后倒置地 | |
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143
pranks
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| n.玩笑，恶作剧( prank的名词复数 ) | |
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144
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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145
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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146
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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147
blindfolded
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| v.（尤指用布）挡住（某人）的视线( blindfold的过去式 )；蒙住（某人）的眼睛；使不理解；蒙骗 | |
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148
contradictory
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| adj.反驳的，反对的，抗辩的；n.正反对，矛盾对立 | |
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149
prosecute
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| vt.告发；进行；vi.告发，起诉，作检察官 | |
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150
assented
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| 同意，赞成( assent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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151
stationary
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| adj.固定的，静止不动的 | |
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