Of these men the most interesting, picturesque4, and prominent was undoubtedly5 Stephen A. Douglas. His political career is known to a world which is still divided in opinion of him. Was his fevered life the result of patriotism6, or of personal ambition? The world still assumes the power to read, with a magnifying glass, the inner workings of the human mechanism7, and to put its discerning finger on the spring of human actions. Who has ever seen the heart of another? Who knows his own? By their works ye shall know them, not by their impulses, not by their struggles with the diverse machinery8 within them.
One who liked not Stephen A. Douglas has thus 67 described him. "Erect9, compact, aggressive. A personage truly to be questioned timidly, to be approached advisedly. Here indeed was a lion, by the very look of him master of himself and of others. By reason of its regularity10 and masculine strength, a handsome face. A man of the world to the cut of the coat across the broad shoulders. Here was one to lift a youngster into the realm of emulation11, like a character in a play, to arouse dreams of Washington and its Senators and great men. For this was one to be consulted by the great alone. A figure of dignity and power with the magnetism12 to compel moods. Since, when he smiled you warmed in spite of yourself, and when he frowned the world looked grave."
This was Stephen A. Douglas. The picture is a true one. What wonder that he should have captivated my husband and myself, scarcely more than half his age? The warmest friendship grew up between us.
I remember well my own first interview with him in Washington. At a crowded ball, I had found a chair outside the crush, when he approached with a bottle of champagne13 and a glass in his hands. "I need no introduction, Madam," he said. "I am sure you cannot have forgotten the man who met you a few years ago in the little Petersburg hotel and told you how like you are to the Empress Eugénie. No? I thought not," laughed the judge, "and yet she isn't a priming to our own women! Now," he added, bending down and speaking gravely, "I shall send Mrs. Douglas to see you. I 68 wish you to be friends. Not pasteboard friends, with only a bit of cardboard passing between you now and then, but real good friends, meeting often and being much together." Just here, as he poised14 his bottle to fill my glass, his elbow was jostled, and down came the foaming15 champagne, over my neck and shoulders and the front of my dress. The friendship was christened—the bottle broken on the new ship! "Don't worry about the gown! You have excuse now to buy another," said the judge, as I gasped16 when the icy flood ran down my bosom17.
He had lately married his second wife, the belle18 of Washington, beautiful Adele Cutts; tall, stately, and fair exceedingly. She was a great-niece of Dolley Madison. We met often, and it came to pass that "the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David."
She did not impress one as having what we call "depth of character," what is commonly implied in the term "superior," not a woman to assume to lead and teach other women—a character less lovable often than the woman who knows herself to be of like weaknesses with ourselves. But she was beautiful as a pearl, sunny-tempered, unselfish, warmhearted, unaffected, sincere. She was very attentive19 to her "little giant." When he made those terribly long speeches in the Senate, on the Lecompton Constitution, on the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, on popular sovereignty, she would wait in the gallery and hurry down to wrap his overcoat around him, as he stood in the hall dripping with perspiration20. 69 She imbibed21 enough political lingo22 to rally and amuse him. Some workmen having arrived to erect a platform in his ball room for musicians, she exclaimed: "Oh, Judge Douglas! What is a platform? They are going to bring one into this house, and we shall be flayed23 alive or murdered in our beds!"
I said to her once: "You know you are not really handsomer than the rest of us! Why do people say so?"
"Because I never trick myself out in diamonds, or have more than one color in a gown. An artist told me once that all those things spoiled a picture."
She would have liked the diamonds as well as the rest of us, and once said so to her husband. "Oh, no!" he answered, "diamonds are the consolation24 of old wives, a diamond for a wrinkle!"
Mrs. Douglas was the first of the Washington ladies who adopted the fashion of closing her shutters25 in the early afternoon and lighting26 her rooms with gas. She was delighted as a child with the effect and indulged in a preliminary waltz with me before the company arrived. "O dear!" she exclaimed, suddenly, "what am I to do with this awful picture of Judge Douglas's? I daren't take it away because he bought it for his first wife; and when old Mrs. Martin pounces27 down upon us to see how we are spending her grandchildren's money, she will miss it, and think I've sold it! But isn't it awful? Do spread out your flounces in front of it as well as you can." The noonday lighting of her rooms was a great success. Lord Lyons looked up 70 and spoke28 of the beauty of the starlit night, adding "and there's a fine moon out of doors." John G. Saxe was one of the guests—and his merry hostess introduced him as "deserving capital punishment for making people laugh themselves to death."
I have had occasion to allude29 so often to the costumes of the ladies of Mr. Buchanan's administration, that I have resolved boldly to ask my reader to accompany me for a few minutes to Vanity Fair, as, guided by society reports of the period, I describe the dresses worn by the leaders of fashion. I suppose the journals of our day would not print columns on columns describing the gowns worn at balls, unless there were some sure to read. Costume has always interested the world. It is still a question whether costume influences character, or vice30 versa. And yet one regrets to treat charming women as though they were lay figures.
There will be a great deal of sorrowful record in this book. Let us linger awhile on the flowery brink31, before we reach the time when the noise of angry waters will be too loud to be hushed by the frou-frou of a lady's silken gown. Moreover, there are always mistakes and misconceptions to be corrected and set right. Have I not just read in a New York daily paper of the ugly fashions of the Washington of the times just before the war—the "great hoops32, gowns of reps, the hideous34 tints35 of red, the Congress gaiters; how nobody wore a ball gown costing more than $55," etc., etc.? The Congress gaiters must be acknowledged, the hoops also, but perhaps they may all come again; and then 71 some beauty like the empress of the French may arise to make them beautiful. They were large! Beside them Queen Elizabeth's farthingale was an insignificant36 circumstance. The belle in the fifties lived in an expansive time. There was still plenty of room in the world. Houses were broad and low, carriages were broad and low, furniture was massive. Even a small pier37 glass was broadened by great scrolls38 of mahogany. Drawing-rooms were filled with vast arm-chairs, sofas, and tables. The legs of pianos were made as massive as possible.
Ladies wore enormous hoops, and because their heads looked like small handles to huge bells, they widened the coiffure into broad bandeaux and braids, loaded it with garlands of flowers, and enlarged it by means of a wide head-dress of tulle, lace, and feathers, or crowned it with a coal-scuttle bonnet39 tied under the chin with wide ribbons. In this guise40 they sailed fearlessly about, with no danger of jostling a neighbor or overturning the furniture. They had not then filled their rooms with spider-legged chairs and tables, nor crowded the latter with frail41 toys and china. Now that so many of these things are imported, now that the world is so full of people,—in the streets, cars, theatres, at receptions,—milady has found she must reef her sails. Breadth was the ambition of 1854—length and slimness the supreme attainment42 of 1904. What would the modern belle look like, among all these skyscrapers43, in a hoop33? Like a ball—nothing more.
Finding herself with all this amplitude44, milady of the fifties essayed gorgeous decoration. She had 72 stretched a large canvas; she now covered it with pictures—bouquets46 and baskets of flowers appeared on the woollens for house dresses; on the fine gauzes and silks one might find excellent representations of the Lake of Geneva, with a distant view of the Swiss mountains.
When a lady ordered a costume for a ball, her flowers arrived in a box larger than the glazed47 boxes of to-day in which modistes send home our gowns. The garniture included a wreath for the hair, with bunches at the back from which depended trailing vines. The bouquet45 de corsage sometimes extended to each shoulder. Bouquets were fastened on gloves at the wrist, wreaths trailed down the skirt, wreaths looped the double skirt in festoons. Only one kind of flower was considered in good taste. Milady must look like a basket of shaded roses, or lilies, or pomegranates, or violets. Ropes of wax beads48 were sometimes substituted for flowers.
I once entered a milliner's shop—not my dear Madame Delarue's—and in the centre of the room, suspended by a wire from the ceiling, was one of these huge garnitures—all tied together and descending49 down to the floor. "This, Madame," I said, "is something very recherché?"
"Yes, Madame! That is the rarest parure I have. There was never one like it. There will never be another."
"That, Madame," continued the milliner, "was purchased from me by the wife of Senator ——! 73 She wore it to Mrs. Gwin's ball, and returned it to me next day. I ask no pay! I keep it for the sake of Mrs. Senator ——, that I may have the honor of exhibiting it to my patrons."
There is no reason, because we sometimes choose to swing back into the ghastly close-fitted skirt, or to wrap ourselves like a Tanagra figurine, that we should despise a more spacious53 time. Nor is it at all beneath us to attach enough importance to dress to describe it. Witness the recent "Costumes of Two Centuries," by one of our most accomplished54 writers. Witness the teachings of a theologian eighteen hundred or more years ago, who condescended55 to illustrate56 his sermon by women's ways with dress! Says Tertullian: "Let simplicity57 be your white, charity your vermilion; dress your eyebrows58 with modesty59, and your lips with reservedness. Let instruction be your ear-rings, and a ruby60 cross the front pin in your head; submission61 to your husband your best ornament62. Employ your hands in housewifely duties, and keep your feet within your own doors. Let your garments be of the silk of probity63, the fine linen64 of sanctity, and the purple of chastity."
"How does that impress you for a nineteenth-century costume?" I asked Agnes my bosom friend, to whom I read the passage aloud. "Well," she replied, "I should be perfectly65 willing to try the ruby hairpin66 as a beginning—and get Clagett to order the new brand of silk, which sounds as if it might be a very pure article indeed and warranted to wear well; but if you are seeking my honest opinion 74 of Tertullian, I frankly67 confess that I think our clothes and our behavior to our husbands are none of his business."
Society letters of 1857 give us strictly68 accurate description of toilettes, which may interest some of my readers:[3]—
"The wealth of the present Cabinet, and their elegant style of living, sets the pace for Washington soirées—equal in magnificence to the gorgeous fêtes of Versailles.
"At the Postmaster-General's the regal ball room was lined with superb mirrors from floor to ceiling. In the drawing-rooms opposite the host, hostess, and daughter and Miss Nerissa Saunders occupied the post of receiving.
"Mrs. Brown was dressed in rose-colored brocade, with an exquisite69 resemblance of white lace stamped in white velvet70, a point lace cape71, and turban set with diamonds. Miss Brown wore a white silk tissue embroidered72 in moss73 rosebuds74, a circlet of pearls on her hair, and natural flowers on her bosom. Lady Napier wore white brocaded satin, with head-dress of scarlet75 honeysuckle. Madame de Sartige's gown was of white embroidered crêpe, garnished76 with sprays of green. The wife of Senator Slidell was costumed in black velvet, trimmed with fur. Her head-dress was of crimson77 velvet, rich lace, and ostrich78 feathers. A superb bandeau of pearls bound her raven79 hair. Miss Nerissa Saunders was exquisite in a white silk, veiled with tulle, the skirts trimmed with rose-colored 75 quilling. Mrs. Senator Clay wore canary satin, covered all over with gorgeous point lace. Mrs. John J. Crittenden was superb in blue moire antique, with point lace trimmings. Mrs. General McQueen of South Carolina appeared in a white silk with cherry trimmings, her head-dress of large pearls fit for a queen. Mrs. Senator Gwin wore superb crimson moire antique with point lace, and a head-dress of feathers fastened with large diamonds. Mrs. Stephen A. Douglas, a white tulle dress over white silk—the overdress looped with bunches of violets and grass, similar bunches on breast and shoulder, and trailing in her low coiffure. Mrs. Faulkner from Virginia was attired80 in blue silk and Mechlin lace, her daughters in white illusion. Mrs. Reverdy Johnson was superb in lemon satin and velvet pansies. Mrs. Pringle of Charleston wore a velvet robe of lemon color; Mrs. Judge Roosevelt of New York velvet and diamonds; Mrs. Senator Pugh of Ohio crimson velvet with ornaments81 of rubies82 and crimson pomegranate flowers."
This last lady, Mrs. Pugh, wife of the Senator from Ohio, was par50 excellence83 the beauty of the day. To see her in this dress was enough to "bid the rash gazer wipe his eye." Her eyes were large, dark, and most expressive84. Her hair was dark, her coloring vivid. Mrs. Douglas, Mrs. Pugh, and Kate Chase were the three unapproached, unapproachable, beauties of the Buchanan administration. The daughter of Senator Chase was really too young to go to balls. She was extremely beautiful, 76 "her complexion85 was marvellously delicate, her fine features seeming to be cut from fine bisque, her eyes, bright, soft, sweet, were of exquisite blue, and her hair a wonderful color like the ripe corn-tassel in full sunlight. Her teeth were perfect. Poets sang then, and still sing, of the turn of her beautiful neck and the regal carriage of her head." She was as intellectual as she was beautiful. From her teens she had been initiated86 into political questions for which her genius and her calm, thoughtful nature eminently87 fitted her. When she realized that neither party would nominate her father for President in 1860, she turned her energetic mind to the formation of plans and intrigues88 to obtain for him the nomination89 of 1868! She failed in that, she failed in everything, poor girl. She wrecked90 her life by a marriage with a wealthy, uncongenial governor of Rhode Island, from whom she fled with swift feet across the lawn of the beautiful home at Canonchet, and hand in hand with poverty and sorrow ended her life in obscurity.
It is going to be a long time before we again visit Vanity Fair; and lest it linger too delightfully91 in our memories, we must try to find some rift92 in the lute93, some fly in the amber—not daring, however, to look beneath the surface.
And so we are fain to acknowledge that the evening gowns of these fair dames94 were liberal only in their skirts. The bodice was décolleté to the extremest limit—as I suppose it will always be. And then, as now,—as always,—there was no lack of wise men, usually youthful prophets, to preach against 77 it, to read for our instruction Solomon's disrespectful allusions95 to jewels in the ears of fair women without discretion96, and St. Paul's well-known remarks upon our foibles. "The idea of quoting Solomon as an authority on women," said my friend Agnes one day, as we walked from church. "I never quote Solomon! He knew a good many women without discretion, some hundreds of them; but he didn't live up to his convictions, and he changed his mind very often. He was to my thinking not at all a nice person to know."
"But how about St. Paul?" I ventured.
"I consider it very small in St. Paul to think so much about dress anyway! One would suppose the thorn in his own flesh would have made him tender toward others; and Timothy must have been a poor creature to be taken in by 'braided hair,' 'gold and pearls, and costly97 array.' Now, of course, we have a few of those things, and like to wear our hair neatly98; but I don't see why they are not suitable for us so long as we don't live for them, nor seek to entangle99 Timothy."
"Well," I replied, "I never can feel it is at all my affair. I hear it often enough! But somehow St. Simeon Stylites, preaching away on his pillar, seems a great way off, and not to know the bearings of all he talks about. We listen to him dutifully; but I fancy if we amend100 our ways we will do it of our own selves, and not because of St. Simeon."
"I wouldn't mind St. Simeon," said my irate101 friend (she had worked herself up to a pitch of indignation); "probably he was old and venerable, and to be tolerated; 78 but it hurts me to be preached to by a young thing like that minister to-day, as if I were a Babylonish woman! We don't 'walk haughtily102 with stretched-forth103 necks, walking and mincing104 as we go, making a tinkling105 with our feet.' And as to our 'changeable suits of apparel,' and the 'crimping pins,' do we live for these things? Our maids make a living by taking care of them while we are at church hoping to hear of something better than crimping pins."
The lady who expressed these heretical sentiments was, as I have remarked, my most intimate friend; and although not older than herself, I considered it my duty to reason with her. "But you see, my dear Agnes," I said, "we are obliged to be on the side of our young preacher, whether we like it or not. He is the white-plumed champion riding forth from the courts of purity and beauty of behavior. We wouldn't like to be the sable106 knight107 who emerges from the opposite direction."
"I would!" declared my young rebel. "Infantile clergymen should keep to the sins of their own sex. Nobody criticises men's dress. They are exempt108. They may surround their countenances109 with Henry VIII ruffs, which make them look like the head of John the Baptist on a charger,—nobody calls them ridiculous. They wear the briefest surf costumes—nobody says they are indecent."
"But, my dear—"
"But, my dear, I know all about the matter of evening dress. I've studied it up. It is a time-honored fashion (I can show you all about it in my 79 new encyclop?dia). You remember I let you air your learning and quote old Tertullian. Did I look bored?"
"Not at all. You may tell me now. You can finish before we get home."
"Well, then, the décolleté bodice is not a new expression of total depravity. It is an old fashion, appearing in 1280, with stomacher of jewels. It reached England from Bohemia, but was then the fashion in Italy, Poland, and Spain. Those times were not conspicuous110 for sentiment, but were quite as moral as the times of the Greek chiton, or the Roman tunic111, or the Norman robe, or the Saxon gown."
"But," I interrupted, "it was out of fashion in the high-necked days of Queen Elizabeth."
"Oh, she had her own reasons for disliking to see a suggestive bare throat! Queen Bess was not conspicuous for purity. Don't interrupt me—I'll prove everything by the book—lots of good women have worn low dresses. Madame Recamier was a pretty good woman, and so were our grandmothers, and so were the ladies of the Golden Age in Virginia who reared the boys that won our independence."
"All of which proves nothing," I declared; but we had reached our door on New York Avenue, and went in for our Sunday dinner. My friend did not inflict112 the encyclop?dia. She had already quoted it. What was the use? We may be sure of one thing: no fashion has ever yet been discarded because it was abused. No Damascus blade has ever been keen enough to lop off an offending fashion.
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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salmon
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| n.鲑，大马哈鱼，橙红色的 | |
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consultation
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| n.咨询；商量；商议；会议 | |
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picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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patriotism
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| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
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mechanism
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| n.机械装置；机构，结构 | |
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machinery
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| n.(总称)机械，机器；机构 | |
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erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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regularity
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| n.规律性，规则性；匀称，整齐 | |
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emulation
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| n.竞争；仿效 | |
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magnetism
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| n.磁性，吸引力，磁学 | |
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champagne
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| n.香槟酒；微黄色 | |
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poised
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| a.摆好姿势不动的 | |
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foaming
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| adj.布满泡沫的；发泡 | |
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gasped
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| v.喘气( gasp的过去式和过去分词 )；喘息；倒抽气；很想要 | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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belle
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attentive
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| adj.注意的，专心的；关心(别人)的，殷勤的 | |
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perspiration
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| n.汗水；出汗 | |
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imbibed
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| v.吸收( imbibe的过去式和过去分词 )；喝；吸取；吸气 | |
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lingo
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| n.语言不知所云，外国话，隐语 | |
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flayed
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| v.痛打( flay的过去式和过去分词 )；把…打得皮开肉绽；剥（通常指动物）的皮；严厉批评 | |
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consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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shutters
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| 百叶窗( shutter的名词复数 )； （照相机的）快门 | |
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lighting
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pounces
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| v.突然袭击( pounce的第三人称单数 )；猛扑；一眼看出；抓住机会（进行抨击） | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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allude
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| v.提及，暗指 | |
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vice
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brink
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hoops
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| n.箍( hoop的名词复数 )；（篮球）篮圈；（旧时儿童玩的）大环子；（两端埋在地里的）小铁弓 | |
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hoop
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| n.（篮球）篮圈，篮 | |
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hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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tints
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| 色彩( tint的名词复数 )； 带白的颜色； （淡色）染发剂； 痕迹 | |
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insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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pier
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| n.码头；桥墩，桥柱；[建]窗间壁，支柱 | |
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scrolls
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| n.（常用于录写正式文件的）纸卷( scroll的名词复数 )；卷轴；涡卷形（装饰）；卷形花纹v.（电脑屏幕上）从上到下移动（资料等），卷页( scroll的第三人称单数 )；（似卷轴般）卷起；（像展开卷轴般地）将文字显示于屏幕 | |
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bonnet
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| n.无边女帽；童帽 | |
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guise
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| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
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frail
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| adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的 | |
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attainment
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| n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣 | |
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skyscrapers
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amplitude
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| n.广大；充足；振幅 | |
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bouquet
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| n.花束，酒香 | |
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bouquets
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| n.花束( bouquet的名词复数 )；（酒的）芳香 | |
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glazed
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| adj.光滑的，像玻璃的；上过釉的；呆滞无神的v.装玻璃( glaze的过去式)；上釉于，上光；（目光）变得呆滞无神 | |
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beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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par
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| n.标准，票面价值，平均数量；adj.票面的，平常的，标准的 | |
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51
scrutinized
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| v.仔细检查，详审( scrutinize的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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condescended
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| 屈尊，俯就( condescend的过去式和过去分词 )； 故意表示和蔼可亲 | |
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56
illustrate
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| v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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eyebrows
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| 眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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59
modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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ruby
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| n.红宝石，红宝石色 | |
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61
submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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probity
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| n.刚直；廉洁，正直 | |
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linen
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| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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hairpin
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| n.簪,束发夹，夹发针 | |
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frankly
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| adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说 | |
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strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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velvet
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| n.丝绒，天鹅绒；adj.丝绒制的，柔软的 | |
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cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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embroidered
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| adj．绣花的 | |
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moss
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| n.苔，藓，地衣 | |
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rosebuds
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| 蔷薇花蕾，妙龄少女，初入社交界的少女( rosebud的名词复数 ) | |
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scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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garnished
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| v.给（上餐桌的食物）加装饰( garnish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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ostrich
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| n.鸵鸟 | |
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raven
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| n.渡鸟，乌鸦；adj.乌亮的 | |
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attired
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| adj.穿着整齐的v.使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装( attire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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81
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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82
rubies
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| 红宝石( ruby的名词复数 )； 红宝石色，深红色 | |
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excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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expressive
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| adj.表现的，表达…的，富于表情的 | |
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complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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initiated
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| n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始，创始，启蒙，介绍加入 | |
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eminently
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| adv.突出地；显著地；不寻常地 | |
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intrigues
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| n.密谋策划( intrigue的名词复数 )；神秘气氛；引人入胜的复杂情节v.搞阴谋诡计( intrigue的第三人称单数 )；激起…的好奇心 | |
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nomination
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| n.提名，任命，提名权 | |
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wrecked
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| adj.失事的，遇难的 | |
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delightfully
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| 大喜，欣然 | |
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rift
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| n.裂口，隙缝，切口；v.裂开，割开，渗入 | |
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lute
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| n.琵琶，鲁特琴 | |
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dames
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| n.（在英国）夫人（一种封号），夫人（爵士妻子的称号）( dame的名词复数 )；女人 | |
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allusions
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| 暗指，间接提到( allusion的名词复数 ) | |
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96
discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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99
entangle
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| vt.缠住，套住；卷入，连累 | |
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100
amend
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| vt.修改，修订，改进；n.[pl.]赔罪，赔偿 | |
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101
irate
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| adj.发怒的，生气 | |
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102
haughtily
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| adv. 傲慢地, 高傲地 | |
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103
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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104
mincing
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| adj.矫饰的；v.切碎；切碎 | |
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105
tinkling
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| n.丁当作响声 | |
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106
sable
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| n.黑貂；adj.黑色的 | |
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107
knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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108
exempt
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| adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者 | |
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109
countenances
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| n.面容( countenance的名词复数 )；表情；镇静；道义支持 | |
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110
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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111
tunic
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| n.束腰外衣 | |
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112
inflict
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| vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担 | |
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