Mrs. Cyrus McCormick, recently married to the inventor of the great reaping machine, was one of these. Mr. McCormick, then a young man, was destined1 to be decorated by many European governments and to achieve a great fortune. His wife, just out of Miss Emma Willard's school, was very beautiful, very gentle, and winning. No sheaves garnered2 by her husband's famous reaper3 can compare with the sheaves from her own sowing, during a long life devoted4 to good deeds.
Then there were Mrs. Yulee, wife of the Senator from Florida, and her sisters, Mrs. Merrick and Mrs. Holt, all three noted5 for personal and intellectual charm; and beautiful Mrs. Robert J. Walker, who was perhaps the first of the coterie6 to be called to make a sacrifice for her country, exchanging the brilliant life in Washington for the hardships of Kansas—"bleeding Kansas," torn with dissensions among its "squatter7 sovereigns," and with a climate of stern severity, where food froze at night and must be broken with a hatchet8 for breakfast. Mrs. 81 Walker shrank from the ordeal9, for she was well fitted for gay society; but the President himself visited her and begged the sacrifice for the good of the country. She went, and bore her trials. They were only a little in advance of sterner trials ordained10 for some of her Washington friends. Nor must we fail to acknowledge the social influence of Mrs. Jefferson Davis, one of the most brilliant women of her time—greatly sought by cultivated men and women.
But the wittiest11 and brightest of them all was Mrs. Clay, the wife of the Senator from Alabama. She was extremely clever, the soul of every company. A costume ball at which she personated Mrs. Partington is still remembered in Washington. Mrs. Partington's sayings could not be arranged beforehand and conned13 for the occasion. Her malapropos replies must be improvised14 on the moment, and must moreover be seasoned with wit to redeem15 them from commonplace dulness. Mrs. Clay rose to the occasion, and her Mrs. Partington became the Mrs. Partington of the future.
The reader will not fail to observe the number of Southern women who were prominent in Mr. Buchanan's court. A correspondent of a leading New York paper[4] has recently written an interesting article on this subject. He declares that the Southern women (before Lincoln's day) had long controlled the society of Washington. "With their natural and acquired graces, with their inherited taste and ability in social affairs, it was natural that 82 the reins16 should fall to them. They represented a clique17 of aristocracy; they were recognized leaders who could afford to smile good-naturedly at the awkward and perplexed18 attempts of the women from the other sections—Mrs. Senator This, Mrs. Congressman19 That—to thread the ins and outs of Washington's social labyrinth20. To none of these ladies was the thought pleasant of secession from the union and consequent giving up whatever of social dominion21 she had acquired."
I wish I could give some idea of the "days at home" of these court ladies in Washington in 1858. The large public functions were all alike then as now, with this exception, that nearly every man present was Somebody, and every woman Somebody's wife. It was not necessary for these people to talk. The men made little effort. It was well known what they had said yesterday in the House or the Senate Chamber22; but we dared not express opinions in public (and not freely in private), such was the tense feeling at that time. Conversation had been always, at the South, an art carefully cultivated. Conversation suffered at a time when we were forced to ignore subjects that possessed24 us with absorbing interest and to confine ourselves to trivialities.
Excusing the silence of one famous man, somebody remarked: "Oh, well, you know brilliant men do not of necessity talk well. Thrilled by their utterances25 in their speeches and writings, we are surprised, when we meet them, at their silence." A "famous man's" eye twinkled. "Ask Galt," 83 he said, "why he doesn't give away his gems26. Probably he might answer that he proposes to sell them," an ingenious way of avoiding the remotest hint that silence was the result of preoccupied27 thought on the grave questions of the hour.
For some inexplicable28 reason the wives of great men are apt to be quiet and non-committal—little moons revolving29 around a great luminary30. Moon-like, one side only is turned to the world. How is it on the other side? We have a glimpse of it over the demi-tasse in the drawing-room after dinner, or at our informal "at homes" in our own houses.
At these times of unbending in Washington we were wont32 to begin in a rather stilted33 manner, sipping34 our coffee and liqueurs in a leisurely35 way, and steering36 widely clear of politics and politicians. We talked of art and artists, galleries in Europe, shops in Paris,—anything except what we were all thinking about. The art of conversation suffered under such circumstances. But some interesting books were just out in England, and everybody was discussing them. Thackeray had recently given "The Virginians" to the world. Tennyson was turning all the girls' heads with "Elaine." A new star was rising—George Eliot. Dickens, we were, at the moment, cordially hating because of his "American Notes." Bulwer was well to the fore12. Two valued members of our own special coterie were Randolph Rogers and Thomas Crawford the sculptor37, whose genius, differently expressed, lives to-day in his gifted son, Marion Crawford. Thomas 84 Crawford had been commissioned by the state of Virginia to execute a colossal38 statue of Washington for the Capitol Square in Richmond, a great work,—including statues of Virginia's statesmen,—which was happily completed in 1861, and from which I heard Jefferson Davis's inaugural39 address, February 22, 1862, upon his taking the oath as permanent President of the Confederacy. It was a black day of rain and snow; the new government, destined never to flourish in sunshine, was born in storm and tempest.
Thomas Crawford, born in New York in 1814, was now at the height of his fame. He had studied and worked with Thorwaldsen. Apart from his peculiar40 genius he was a charming companion, full of versatile41 talk. The younger man, Randolph Rogers, was also most interesting. He brought to us his sketches42 and drawings for the bronze doors of the Capitol before they were submitted to the committee, and came again when they were accepted, to tell us of his good fortune.
The army and navy people were especially interesting. They never discussed politics. Their positions were assured and there were consequently no feverish43 society strugglers among them. They had no vulgar respect for wealth, entertaining charmingly within their means. Admiral Porter and his family were there, General Winfield Scott was there, the admiral (then commander) forty-four years old, and the noble old veteran nearer seventy-four. Both were delightful44 members of Washington society. Nobody esteemed45 wealth or spoke46 of it or thought 85 of it. Office, position, talent, beauty, and charm were the requisites47 for men and women.
On one day, I remember, I had gone the rounds of Cabinet receptions, had taken my chocolate from the generous urn31 of the Secretary of State, and had dutifully looked in upon all the other Secretaries. I knew a dear little lady, foreign, attached to one of the legations (I really never knew whether she was Russian or Hungarian), who had invited me for the "end of the afternoon." Her husband had not a prominent place in the embassy, nor she in society, but she knew how to gather around her tea-kettle a choice little company, every one of whom felt honored to be included. I found her seated at a small round table, and she welcomed me in the English that gained from a musical voice, and the deliberate enunciation48 of syllable49 which always seems to me so complimentary50 and respectful in foreigners.
The fashion of the low tea-table had just been introduced. One could have tea, nothing else. One could always find behind the silver urns51 "'igh and 'aughty" butlers serving chocolate, wine, and every conceivable dainty at the houses of the great Senators, Ministers, and Cabinet officers. Things were much more distingué at this lady's tea-table. A few early spring flowers, crocuses, hyacinths, or purple heather, were blooming here and there about the room. Our hostess was gowned in some white stuff, and there was a bit of classic suggestion in her attire52, in the jewelled girdle, and an order or medal tucked under a ribbon. A little white-capped maid welcomed and ushered53 us, and managed 86 to hover54 about for all the service we were likely to require. The impression grew upon me that all this had been done for me especially, and I found myself thinking how fortunate it was I had happened to come. That lovely woman would have been so sorely disappointed had I stayed away!
But presently other guests arrived. They were all foreigners, but perceiving the American presence they spoke only English. The hostess put into motion the most musical conversation. How has she done it? She has made no effort "to entertain." Conversation had come unbidden. Russian tea? Why, certainly! Do we ever care for other than Russian tea? She was deliberate. We forgot we were sorely pressed this day with seventeen names on our list. We gave ourselves up to the pleasure of observing her.
She lighted her silver lamp; and, although she wished us to see the great shining samovar which descended55 to her from her grandmother, she said it was good, very good indeed, in the camp or on journeys when one had only charcoal56; but here in America the fairy lamp to light the wax taper57 and the alcohol burner beneath the kettle are best. She poured the water, which had bubbled, but not boiled (boiling water would make the tea flat), over delicious tea, paused a moment only, then poured the steaming amber23 upon two lumps of sugar, two slices of lemon, and one teaspoonful58 of rum, and we pronounced it a perfect cup of tea. But our enchantress said No, that some day ladies will grow tea in their own conservatories59, and then only will it be 87 perfect in this country; for the ocean voyage spoils the delicacy60 of the sensitive herb.
Glancing around the table, our hostess grasped the situation. Here was a Russian lady with a proud head, there two dark-eyed Bohemians, one Greek beauty, an English woman, and our own stiff, heavy, uncompromising American self!
She is to make these people happy for the five minutes they are around her little board. How does it come to pass that these strangers find a common ground upon which they can hold animated61 conversation?
They talked of genius and geniuses,—how they are not created by opportunity or culture, but are inspired; how that, apart from their gifts, they are quite like other people, not even cleverer always. "Yes," said the Greek girl, with an exalted62 look in her dark eyes, "they are chosen, like the prophets, to speak great words or compose immortal63 music, or build symphonies in stone; and what they do is outside themselves altogether." "It is literally64 true," said the Englishwoman, "that people have 'a gift' apart from their ordinary selves. Does not George Eliot say that his novels grow in him like a plant. No amount of work and study can create a genius!" And then everybody marvels65 at the wonderful young man (for nobody knows it is a woman) who has just written "Adam Bede" and "The Mill on the Floss."
Or perhaps the hostess has bribed66 some one of the foreign legation to come to her "at home." Novels on Washington life hint of such a possibility. Or 88 perhaps some prince of good talkers among our own Ministers is home for a brief holiday, or returned from a mission, and a circle gathers around him.
Our Minister, sent to France by Mr. Pierce, once honored me by his presence and told us the following story. Everybody who remembers the genial67 John Y. Mason will easily imagine how he told it, and how his own magnetism68 possessed his listeners. Not a tea-cup rattled69 during the narration70. "I lived," said Mr. Mason, "at a hotel for a few weeks after receiving my appointment as Minister Plenipotentiary—while my house was being made ready to bring my family. The house was crowded, and my landlord was forced to divide one of his offices by a thin partition to receive me at all.
"One night I was awakened71 by a stifled72 sob73 on the other side of the partition. Rising on my elbow, I listened. The sob was repeated—then I heard abusive language and oaths in English—I fancied I heard a blow! Leaping to my feet, I struck smartly on the partition, and all was still.
"The next morning I asked the clerk about my neighbors and complained that they disturbed me. He shrugged74 his shoulders and said, 'Mais, Monsieur! they are Americans!' as if that explained everything. However, he informed me that they had left the hotel that morning.
"A few days later I was sitting in my room at the legation, when I received a visitor—a slender female closely veiled, who said in a troubled whisper that she had come to claim protection of the French government. I told her I could not confer with 89 her while she was disguised, and she slowly raised her hand and held her veil aside. I never saw a lovelier face.
"She could not have been older than eighteen years. Her features were delicate, her eyes large and expressive75, her brow shaded by golden-brown hair. She was deathly white. I never saw such pallor. 'What can I do for you, my child?' I asked. Well, it was a sad story. Married to a dissipated young fellow, away on her wedding journey; threatened, and in terror of losing her life. She wished the protection of the police. She said she should never have had the courage to ask it alone, but that she knew I had slept near her at the Maison Dorée. I had heard! I could understand. I was the American Minister, and I could help.
"'But think,' I said, 'I heard nothing but harsh language. We cannot go with this to the préfet. He will not consider it cause for action against your husband.'
"The girl hesitated. Finally, with a burst of tears, she unfastened her gown at the throat, turned it down, and disclosed the dark print of fingers on the delicate skin.
"It was enough. She had been choked into silence—this frail76 American girl—on the night when I heard the smothered77 sob.
"Of course you may imagine my zeal78 in her behalf. I had daughters of my own. I arranged to accompany the young wife at once to the office of the préfet, and having ascertained79 the address of her bankers I resolved to make arrangements to 90 get her out of Paris in case she felt her life to be in danger.
"Well, I waited long at the office of the préfet. Finally our turn came. I rose and made my statement. Imagine my feelings when my fair client threw back her veil, and with a surprised look said:
"'I think the American Minister has been dreaming!'
"I felt as if a tub of ice-water had been poured over me. Of course my position was perfectly80 ridiculous. Before I could recover she had slipped through the crowd and was gone. While we waited she had changed her mind!"
"The wretch81!" exclaimed one of the listeners. "That just proves that women are always attracted by brutality82."
"Really?" said Mr. Mason.
"Not exactly, perhaps, but there was once an English countess who explained a divorce suit of one of her relatives thus:—
"'You see, Ermentrude was one of those women who needed kicking down the stairs, and Ferdinand was gentle; he was not up to it!'"
An agreeable function, no longer in vogue83 in this country, was the evening party. Lady Napier gave one of these parties to present her friends to Edward Everett.
These parties were arranged that pleasant people might meet distinguished84 strangers and each other. As this was the prime object of these occasions, there were no blatant85 bands to make conversation impossible, but there was no lack of delightful music. 91 Miss Nerissa Saunders played exquisitely86 upon the harp87; Mrs. Gales's niece, Juliana May, sang divinely; many young ladies had cultivated voices. Nobody thought of hiring entertainment for guests. The guests were bright talkers and could entertain each other. If a ball room were attached to the salon88, dancing was expected; but the parlors89 were distant and people could talk! Of course it is always stupid to collect a lot of dull people together, but the wives of the brilliant men of Mr. Buchanan's administration understood entertaining. There were always gifted conversationalists present who liked talking better than eating, with cleverness enough to draw out, and not forestall90, the wit of others. This art could not be claimed by the great talkers of old English society, Johnson, Macaulay, Coleridge, De Quincey, and the rest. We should not now, I am sure, care much for these monopolists. Sheridan, for instance, must have been rather a quenching91 element at an evening party; for in addition to his own witty92 creations, he had a trick of preserving the bon mots of others, leading conversation into channels where they would fit in, and using them accordingly. Thus in talking with Sheridan his friends had a dozen wits to cope with withal.
Our Washington hostesses always gave a supper—not a fine supper—a good supper, where the old family receipt book had been consulted, especially if our hostess had come from Kentucky, Maryland, or Virginia. The canvasback ducks, terrapin93, and oysters94 were unlike Gautier's. We all know that rubies95 are now less rare in this country than good 92 cooks. We may essay the triumphs of the old Washington of the fifties, but beneath our own fig96 tree they become failures and shabby makeshifts. There are mysteries in cooking unattainable to any but the elect—and of the elect were the sable97 priestesses of the Washington kitchens.
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1
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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garnered
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| v.收集并（通常）贮藏（某物），取得，获得( garner的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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reaper
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| n.收割者，收割机 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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coterie
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| n.(有共同兴趣的)小团体，小圈子 | |
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squatter
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| n.擅自占地者 | |
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hatchet
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| n.短柄小斧；v.扼杀 | |
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ordeal
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| n.苦难经历，（尤指对品格、耐力的）严峻考验 | |
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ordained
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| v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定 | |
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wittiest
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| 机智的，言辞巧妙的，情趣横生的( witty的最高级 ) | |
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fore
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| adv.在前面；adj.先前的；在前部的；n.前部 | |
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conned
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| adj.被骗了v.指挥操舵( conn的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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improvised
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| a.即席而作的,即兴的 | |
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redeem
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| v.买回，赎回，挽回，恢复，履行（诺言等） | |
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reins
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| 感情，激情； 缰( rein的名词复数 )； 控制手段； 掌管； （成人带着幼儿走路以防其走失时用的）保护带 | |
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clique
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| n.朋党派系，小集团 | |
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perplexed
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| adj.不知所措的 | |
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Congressman
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| n.（美）国会议员 | |
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labyrinth
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| n.迷宫；难解的事物；迷路 | |
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dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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amber
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| n.琥珀；琥珀色；adj.琥珀制的 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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utterances
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| n.发声( utterance的名词复数 )；说话方式；语调；言论 | |
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gems
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| growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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preoccupied
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| adj.全神贯注的，入神的；被抢先占有的；心事重重的v.占据（某人）思想，使对…全神贯注，使专心于( preoccupy的过去式) | |
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inexplicable
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| adj.无法解释的，难理解的 | |
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revolving
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| adj.旋转的，轮转式的；循环的v.（使）旋转( revolve的现在分词 )；细想 | |
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luminary
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| n.名人，天体 | |
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urn
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| n.（有座脚的）瓮；坟墓；骨灰瓮 | |
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wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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stilted
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| adj.虚饰的；夸张的 | |
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sipping
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| v.小口喝，呷，抿( sip的现在分词 ) | |
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leisurely
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| adj.悠闲的；从容的，慢慢的 | |
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steering
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| n.操舵装置 | |
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sculptor
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| n.雕刻家，雕刻家 | |
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colossal
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| adj.异常的，庞大的 | |
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inaugural
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| adj.就职的；n.就职典礼 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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versatile
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| adj.通用的，万用的；多才多艺的，多方面的 | |
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sketches
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| n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概 | |
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feverish
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| adj.发烧的，狂热的，兴奋的 | |
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delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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requisites
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| n.必要的事物( requisite的名词复数 ) | |
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48
enunciation
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| n.清晰的发音；表明，宣言；口齿 | |
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49
syllable
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| n.音节；vt.分音节 | |
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50
complimentary
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| adj.赠送的，免费的，赞美的，恭维的 | |
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51
urns
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| n.壶( urn的名词复数 )；瓮；缸；骨灰瓮 | |
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52
attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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ushered
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| v.引，领，陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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hover
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| vi.翱翔，盘旋；徘徊；彷徨，犹豫 | |
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55
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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56
charcoal
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| n.炭，木炭，生物炭 | |
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taper
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| n.小蜡烛，尖细，渐弱；adj.尖细的；v.逐渐变小 | |
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teaspoonful
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| n.一茶匙的量；一茶匙容量 | |
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conservatories
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| n.（培植植物的）温室，暖房( conservatory的名词复数 ) | |
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delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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marvels
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| n.奇迹( marvel的名词复数 )；令人惊奇的事物（或事例）；不平凡的成果；成就v.惊奇，对…感到惊奇( marvel的第三人称单数 ) | |
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66
bribed
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| v.贿赂( bribe的过去式和过去分词 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂 | |
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genial
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| adj.亲切的，和蔼的，愉快的，脾气好的 | |
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68
magnetism
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| n.磁性，吸引力，磁学 | |
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rattled
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| 慌乱的，恼火的 | |
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70
narration
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| n.讲述，叙述；故事；记叙体 | |
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71
awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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stifled
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| （使）窒息， （使）窒闷( stifle的过去式和过去分词 )； 镇压，遏制； 堵 | |
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sob
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| n.空间轨道的轰炸机；呜咽，哭泣 | |
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74
shrugged
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| vt.耸肩（shrug的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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expressive
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| adj.表现的，表达…的，富于表情的 | |
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frail
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| adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的 | |
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77
smothered
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| （使）窒息， （使）透不过气( smother的过去式和过去分词 )； 覆盖； 忍住； 抑制 | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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79
ascertained
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| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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81
wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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82
brutality
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| n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮 | |
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83
Vogue
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| n.时髦，时尚；adj.流行的 | |
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84
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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85
blatant
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| adj.厚颜无耻的；显眼的；炫耀的 | |
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86
exquisitely
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| adv.精致地；强烈地；剧烈地；异常地 | |
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harp
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| n.竖琴；天琴座 | |
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88
salon
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| n.[法]沙龙；客厅；营业性的高级服务室 | |
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parlors
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| 客厅( parlor的名词复数 )； 起居室； （旅馆中的）休息室； （通常用来构成合成词）店 | |
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90
forestall
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| vt.抢在…之前采取行动；预先阻止 | |
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quenching
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| 淬火，熄 | |
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witty
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| adj.机智的，风趣的 | |
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terrapin
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| n.泥龟；鳖 | |
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oysters
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| 牡蛎( oyster的名词复数 ) | |
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95
rubies
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| 红宝石( ruby的名词复数 )； 红宝石色，深红色 | |
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fig
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| n.无花果(树) | |
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sable
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| n.黑貂；adj.黑色的 | |
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