No harvest of impressions will be found in this account, for, although it might seem that the garrison of a Fort must be crowded together within the narrow surface occupied by the building, it is in reality dispersed2 everywhere: three men here, ten there, in the cupolas, in the munition3 stores, at the observation posts. Each man is in his special department and the contact is much less close than among the troops in campaign.
When, on account of the destruction of certain parts of the Fort, the garrison comes gradually nearer together, the moral tension, the lack of sleep, the irregularity of the alimentation transform the garrison into a passive troop under an avalanche5 of blows. The men are still capable of reaction and of desperate efforts, but the efforts are silent and, as it were, mechanical. Those who have never lived through such hours can never know the intensity6 of the suffering endured by the defenders7 of the Fort.
September 27, 1914. The cannon8 is roaring in the distance and appears to be coming nearer. We can[Pg 185] hear Waelhem and Wavre-St. Catherine firing quite distinctly. Huge tufts of white smoke rise above the trees in the distance. The Malines Tower has disappeared entirely9 in the smoke.
For the last few days, every man has been at his post. German troops, probably on patrol, have been signalled to us by our watchers, at a distance of more than 8500 yards from the Fort. They are too far away for us to do anything. The attack is imminent10.
The day and night have passed without any incident.
September 28th. The morning has been calm for us. The cannon is roaring all the time. Our telephonic communications inform us that Waelhem and Wavre-St. Catherine are being bombarded violently. At two in the afternoon, our observation posts signal to us the occupation, by enemy groups, of localities within our radius12 of action. The cupolas of fifteen centimetres open fire and will continue until evening.
The first firing of our cannon was a veritable relief. The nervous tension, caused by waiting, is over, and the whole Fort is gay and animated13.
At 8 o'clock, bombardment by the Forts of the agglomerations14 along the Aerschot road, where we had been informed that the enemy was quartered.
There has been no reply from the enemy.
The aviation had informed us of the construction of siege batteries within our defence sector16. We could do nothing against them, on account of the distance.
September 29th. With the exception of our firing yesterday, all has been calm.
At 7.30 this morning, characteristic whizzing sounds warned us that shells were passing over the Fort.[Pg 186] The explosions took place a long way off, probably at Lierre. The screen of trees hides the town from us. By telephone, we heard that shells were falling at the gates of Louvain. Before long, it was our turn. Shrapnels came first, and their strident, metallic17 explosion surprised our men. Presently shells burst on the masonry18 of the barracks. Our T.S.F. antenna19 is cut. This is the first phase of our isolation20. We are replying vigorously to the enemy's fire.
At 11 o'clock, suspension of the firing. The men brought into the firing gallery fragments of shells and shrapnels, bullets and fuses. From one of the fuses, we found that the measurement of the Germans is at 5200 yards, which is the average of our own measurement on the batteries indicated.
At 2 o'clock, the firing on both sides began again. We received projectiles21 of 13 centimetres by 5, one of which had fused and came rolling in front of our office. The town of Lierre was still being bombarded and we were informed that the civil hospital had been struck and that eight persons had been killed.
At 5 o'clock, suspension of the firing. At 7.30, renewal23 which did not last long and was not very efficacious.
With all this the Fort has not suffered much. There are a number of holes, chiefly in the barracks masonry, above which simili-cupolas had been installed. A cupola of fifteen centimetres had been grazed and a few window-panes broken. All is well and the spirits of the men excellent. They, are getting bolder and bolder and we are compelled to stop them moving about in the open.
Sixty-four shells have struck the Fort. We learned, by telephone, in the evening, that Wavre-St. Catherine[Pg 187] Fort, shattered by formidable shells, had been evacuated25. We have heard nothing about the Waelhem Fort. It has no doubt met with the same fate. This sad news was only announced to the officers.
At 11.30, an observer warned us of the approach of a column by the Aerschot road. We accordingly fired on this road and the land around until about 1.30.
September 30th. At 3.40, a grouping of enemy troops was announced to us beyond the village of Koningshoyckt. At the same time the Fort of that name and the Tallaert redoubt, which were both being attacked, appealed for support to the Lierre Fort. Acting27 on information from them, and with the aid of their interval28 observatories29, we opened fire which continued until 6 o'clock. There was no sleep for any one at night, and this will not be the last night of the kind. From henceforth there will be no more rest for us.
At 8 o'clock, the bombardment recommenced, not only on the Lierre Fort but also on the interval constructions and on the forts and redoubts to our right. A few shrapnels came first, and then a deluge30 of shells of every calibre. Not a single pane24 of glass could resist this, and the very ground shook under our feet. This sensation of springy ground will continue for several days after the bombardment.
At 11 o'clock, utter silence. The interior platforms are damaged and all circulation within the Fort is difficult, but our armament is still in perfect condition.
At 12.20, there was an ominous31 whizzing sound first, and then a noise like an express train at full speed. The projectile22 fell above the barracks with a formidable detonation32. After this, a shower of cement[Pg 188] and of masonry fell on the whole of the Fort. We have just received the first 420 shell. Without intermittence33 until 6 o'clock, a similar projectile has arrived every six minutes. We have received fifty-seven of them in this way. The craters35 measured from 8 to 10 metres in diameter. The stoppers were flung 50 metres up in the air and they came down again like fresh projectiles. One of the first of these shells fell near us. The lower part, thrown vertically36, fell on the edge of the crater34. Its dimensions were remarkable37. The fitter was told to go, after the bombardment and bring this in, in order to weigh and measure it. He went off at once, during the bombardment, and after twenty minutes of effort dragged the piece into the office. He was reproved for this unnecessary imprudence. The soldier replied simply: "But it was not hot!" This piece measured 388 millimetres in diameter and weighed 66 kilogrammes. Other fragments picked up had sharp edges: one of them measured 85 centimetres in length. The explosion produced a black, bitter, and very dense38 smoke, which curled round on the ground and was very slow in dispersing39.
The interior telephonic communications are still practicable, with the exception of the battery adjoining the glacis of the semi-front left gorge40.
The barracks have partially41 given way and the officers' pavilion is cut in two. This does not trouble us, as these places were evacuated a few days ago and orders were given not to stay in them. From the caponier of the front gorge, we were told by telephone that the vault42 was cracked and that the stoke holes were obstructed43 by earth, and also by the débris of masonry thrown up by the explosions in the immedi[Pg 189]ate vicinity. This was evacuated. As to the cupola of fifteen centimetres on the left, we were informed that the cuirass of 5 cent. 7 of the salient I. had been thrown up in the air and had fallen about twenty yards from the tower. A shell had fallen in front of the postern entrance, about fifty yards long, and the compression of air had caused this damage. A cannon of 8 cent. 7, placed for firing at ?roplanes and Zeppelins, had been flung from its position, the gun carriage had been entirely turned round and one wheel broken.
When the bombardment ceased, we rushed out to see for ourselves what the damages were, whilst our cannons44 continued firing in order to relieve the Koningshoyckt Fort, which had several of its pieces too much injured to use, and also the Tallaert redoubt, which was threatened with a frontal attack.
The archways were cracked everywhere and the paving-stones were torn up out of the ground, which was all furrowed45 and broken up. Some of the communication passages were destroyed. The diameter of the craters was greater than the distance which separated the jambs. These were all weakened and the heavy cement arches, deprived of their support, were absolutely broken, as though they had been hacked46 by a gigantic blow from an axe47. This bombardment had not disturbed the equanimity48 of the soldiers much.
When the masonry or the cement was struck, a shower of bricks and of shingle49 covered the Fort, pouring through all the openings violently. The first time this happened, two men who were at the entrance of a postern were bruised50 by the shingles51. A jocular man remarked: "Good, now they are putting pebbles52 in their shells!"
[Pg 190]
We heard groans53 though from the barrack ruins, and we dragged out one wounded man and two who had been killed. They were civilian54 workmen who had come there to install loud-speaking telephones.
The wounded man told us that two or three men, one of whom was a soldier, were under the ruins of what had served as a mess-room for the troop. It was impossible to get them out from under the heaps of ruins.
The battery of the glacis was destroyed by two projectiles. We found neither dead nor living men there. What had become of the gunners? All was not lost, however, as, with the exception of the cupola of 5 cent. 7 of salient I. all our defence works are still in good condition and our men do not manifest any anxiety.
October 1st. In obedience55 to orders from our chief, and together with the neighbouring forts and the interval batteries, we opened a rapid fire of twenty minutes' duration, at 2 and at 4 o'clock, on the localities and the roads in front of our line of defence.
At 7 o'clock we buried our dead.
From 8 o'clock, the intervals56, the Koningshoyckt Fort and the Tallaert redoubt were actively57 bombarded. Our turn did not come until 10.15. Only nine projectiles were sent to us.
At 1 o'clock the bombardment began again and, as on the previous day, a shell came every six minutes.
Towards 3 o'clock, the semi-caponier on the right was hit. The aim had been shortened, as the firing had hitherto generally been directed at the left half of the Fort. Most of the men had taken refuge in the right half. On this account, no one was wounded, but the fifteen centimetre cupola was disabled[Pg 191] by the blocks of cement coming from the half demolished58 tower. Some of these blocks measured nearly a cubic yard. The men were quickly evacuated to the front.
A gunner, bringing information bulletins, now arrived all covered with mud. As the cupolas had been covered with soaked earth, the men thought that he must have taken this covering off by crawling over the cupola, and his comrades blamed him for this. The good fellow was surprised at their accusation59, as he had simply rolled into a crater under the firing, and this was why he was in such a muddy state.
The bombardment continued and we saw that our intact shelters were becoming fewer and fewer. The Artillery60 Commander fell into a crater. He could not walk and had to be taken to the Infirmary. The Commander of the Fusiliers, overworked and intoxicated61 by the gas from the explosions, was ill and one of the doctors was ill too. The influence of the gases became more and more distressing62. Some of the men had fainting fits, others wept. Certain of them were depressed63 and seemed to be awaiting the shell which should finish them off. Neither persuasions64 nor threats from the Commander of the Fort, aided by the doctor and the chaplain, took any effect on these men, who were awaiting death like irresponsible cattle.
Towards 7.30 in the evening, this infernal bombardment slackened and very soon it ceased. The Fort had received 60 of the terrible 420 shells. The Commander of the Lierre-Tallaert interval announced an attack by the enemy Infantry65 supported by field Artillery.
[Pg 192]
The men pulled themselves together, the cupolas were occupied, and the firing line filled with machine-gunners and Fusiliers. The Tallaert redoubt could not do much and asked for help.
We fired with all our pieces on to the ground in front of the accessory defences of the interval. The enemy attack, under our firing, was defeated about 9 o'clock. All the garrison had taken part in the fight, even our invalids66. The Commander of the Fusiliers went back to his post on the rampart.
The Fort was once more bombarded and at 11 o'clock, a fresh attack on the interval began, without any better result for the enemy than the first one.
October 2nd. At 2 o'clock, the third attack on the interval began. The firing line on the front of the Fort head was inundated67 with cartridges68 from the enemy machine-guns. Our Fusiliers replied with fury. Their Commander had the hardest work to regulate the firing. The heated guns got choked. No matter, our men were determined69 the Germans should not pass. Our cannons fired at full speed. The noise was deafening70. For more than two hours, we lived in the midst of this hell and we no longer heard the enemy's balls which came in swarms71 whizzing over our heads. One of the cannons was disabled by the firing. The second one did double work, but before long could not keep its place in the battery either.
At 4.30, we knew by the red fuses, that the enemy was retreating. The interval had not been crossed and not a single wire of the accessory defences had been cut. This success gave our men fresh hope and confidence; they were almost joyful72. Their fatigue73 was very evident though. As soon as the enemy attack was withdrawn74, the firing gallery stopped[Pg 193] replying to calls. We went to see what was happening and found the whole staff asleep. The officer had thrown himself down on a mattress75, and on getting up he staggered with fatigue. There had been a few minutes' respite76 and all the men, not having to keep on the alert, had succumbed77 to their exhaustion78.
The Commander of the Fort himself, a little time before, had fallen asleep in a cupola in full action.
The Commander of the Fort Artillery, who still could not walk, was evacuated, together with another wounded man. Food was then distributed and repairs done. The replenishing of the cupolas with ammunition79 was effected, thanks to the covered passages that were still intact.
At 7.20 the bombardment began once more. Enemy a?roplanes had been to see the state of the Fort, and the destruction then became systematic80. Every six minutes a 420 projectile arrived—"the block train," as the men called it. We watched the progress of the bombardment with great anxiety.
The projectiles could be heard from afar, and they struck first the left and then the right of the Fort. The flank salients being very close together, the blow struck either one or the other of these projections81 indifferently. The soldiers remarked this and made bets as soon as the sound of the projectiles was heard in the distance. The salient I. was well sprinkled first and then the firing was on the front. The covered passage to the right of the front gave way. It was by this that the ammunition supply for the cupolas was effected. How many men were under the ruins? A roll-call was impossible. We had to evacuate26 part of the front, and half of the staff had to take refuge in the semi-caponier on the right.[Pg 194] All telephonic and telegraphic communication was cut off. The Lierre office no longer replied, as the town had been evacuated.
The firing now approached the right semi-caponier, and a shell burst fifteen yards from the entrance.
The men were ordered to keep at the other side of the Fort, which was no longer bombarded. It was impossible to warn those who had remained at the front caponier. The explosions continued every six minutes, and the bombardment was carried on systematically82 by series, and in an invariable manner. By observing where the projectiles fell, we could calculate just the moment when it would be time to move away. The first firing of a series was dangerous for us. As soon as the explosions followed each other too quickly, the men collected together, as soon as they heard the whizzing, waited for the projectile to fall, and then rushed off to their fresh shelter.
This game could not, however, continue very long. The projectiles seemed to be following us, and the arches gave way one after another after we had left them.
Towards 2 o'clock in the afternoon, the order was given to the Commander of the Fusiliers to collect his men in groups and to send them, in the intervals between the firing, to the postern gate of the Fort, which, so far, was intact. The order was carried out and we were able to pass, in the most miraculous83 way, between the projectiles. The firing now continued for some time on the left part of the Fort and the men grouped themselves on the berm in the space which separates the parapet from the moat against the outside talus of the semi-front of the right[Pg 195] gorge. Just at that moment the two hundred and thirty-fifth 420 shell fell on the Fort.
With the exception of the danger from the pieces of masonry and from the explosions, which did not injure any one seriously, we were fairly safe. Towards noon, the projectiles came more frequently and the men who were under the entrance postern and in the guard-room were called inside. All the defence works were by this time either destroyed or of no use. The corridors and posterns were obstructed by huge blocks of masonry. The cupola of 5 centimetres 7 of salient IV. was the only one which appeared to be in good condition, but it was impossible to get to it. The garrison's last shelter was now threatened in its turn. A projectile burst on the edge of the moat, a few yards beyond the entrance to the Fort, and this caused a moment's panic. The bombardment continued, making it impossible for us to reoccupy the building. At 2.30, a formidable detonation and a dense smoke made us presume that the Koningshoyckt Fort had just been blown up.
We saw that the firing of our field-batteries, which were in position at the back of us, had shortened their aim, in order to cover the retreat of the troops in the intervals. Their shrapnels burst just at the height where we were stationed. German batteries were now placed to the right of the Fort, so that we were caught between two fires.
It was not possible for us to re-enter the ruined Fort. The 420 shells continued to fall on it every six minutes with hopeless regularity4. Our reserve rations15 and cartridges were buried under the ruins. There was no more drinking water, the guns were empty, and the men starving with hunger.[Pg 196] There was, perhaps, just time to prevent ourselves from being surrounded. We had to make the attempt under a deluge of shrapnels. The men were worn out, and it was with a feeling of intense sadness and discouragement that, at 6 o'clock, the officers decided84 to take them toward Lierre. The defence had lasted four interminable days, under a bombardment which allowed of no rest and which prevented our relieving each other. Counting beforehand on the demoralising effects of their terrible engines of warfare85, the Germans had imagined that on the night of the 1st to the 2nd of October, a strong attack would make them masters of the Fort.
Their three attempts at assault were so many failures for them. When, twenty-four hours later, they actually entered the Fort, it was merely a heap of ruins which fell into their hands.
Fighting is nothing if only one can return the blows one receives. The range of the enemy's Artillery was considerably86 beyond ours, so that they were protected from our firing. We were obliged to wait, with folded arms, until Death saw fit to take us.
This waiting, in a dark passage of masonry, which one knows is doomed87 to be destroyed and which every six minutes is in danger of being dashed to pieces by the projectiles that one hears coming, means enduring the agony of death over and over again.
Such an experience acts on the best tempered nerves, and the heroism88 of those who awaited death there, simply because they had been ordered to do so, was all the more admirable because it was simple, unobtrusive heroism, about which the world has hitherto never known.
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1
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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3
munition
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| n.军火；军需品；v.给某部门提供军火 | |
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4
regularity
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| n.规律性，规则性；匀称，整齐 | |
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avalanche
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| n.雪崩，大量涌来 | |
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intensity
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| n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度 | |
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defenders
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| n.防御者( defender的名词复数 )；守卫者；保护者；辩护者 | |
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8
cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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9
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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10
imminent
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| adj.即将发生的，临近的，逼近的 | |
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resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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radius
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| n.半径，半径范围；有效航程，范围，界限 | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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agglomerations
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| n.成团，结块（agglomeration的复数形式） | |
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rations
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| 定量( ration的名词复数 )； 配给量； 正常量； 合理的量 | |
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16
sector
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| n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形 | |
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metallic
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| adj.金属的；金属制的；含金属的；产金属的；像金属的 | |
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masonry
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| n.砖土建筑；砖石 | |
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antenna
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| n.触角，触须；天线 | |
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isolation
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| n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离 | |
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projectiles
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| n.抛射体( projectile的名词复数 )；（炮弹、子弹等）射弹，（火箭等）自动推进的武器 | |
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projectile
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| n.投射物，发射体；adj.向前开进的；推进的；抛掷的 | |
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23
renewal
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| adj.(契约)延期，续订，更新，复活，重来 | |
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pane
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| n.窗格玻璃，长方块 | |
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evacuated
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| 撤退者的 | |
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evacuate
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| v.遣送；搬空；抽出；排泄；大(小)便 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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observatories
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| n.天文台，气象台( observatory的名词复数 ) | |
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30
deluge
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| n./vt.洪水，暴雨，使泛滥 | |
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31
ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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detonation
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| n.爆炸；巨响 | |
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intermittence
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| n.间断；间歇 | |
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crater
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| n.火山口，弹坑 | |
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craters
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| n.火山口( crater的名词复数 )；弹坑等 | |
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vertically
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| adv.垂直地 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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dispersing
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| adj. 分散的 动词disperse的现在分词形式 | |
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gorge
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| n.咽喉，胃，暴食，山峡；v.塞饱，狼吞虎咽地吃 | |
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41
partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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42
vault
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| n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室 | |
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43
obstructed
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| 阻塞( obstruct的过去式和过去分词 )； 堵塞； 阻碍； 阻止 | |
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44
cannons
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| n.加农炮，大炮，火炮( cannon的名词复数 ) | |
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45
furrowed
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| v.犁田，开沟( furrow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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46
hacked
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| 生气 | |
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47
axe
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| n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减 | |
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equanimity
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| n.沉着，镇定 | |
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49
shingle
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| n.木瓦板；小招牌(尤指医生或律师挂的营业招牌)；v.用木瓦板盖（屋顶）；把（女子头发）剪短 | |
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50
bruised
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| [医]青肿的，瘀紫的 | |
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51
shingles
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| n.带状疱疹；（布满海边的）小圆石( shingle的名词复数 )；屋顶板；木瓦（板）；墙面板 | |
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52
pebbles
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| [复数]鹅卵石； 沙砾； 卵石，小圆石( pebble的名词复数 ) | |
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groans
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| n.呻吟，叹息( groan的名词复数 )；呻吟般的声音v.呻吟( groan的第三人称单数 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦 | |
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civilian
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| adj.平民的，民用的，民众的 | |
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obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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actively
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| adv.积极地，勤奋地 | |
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demolished
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| v.摧毁( demolish的过去式和过去分词 )；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光 | |
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accusation
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| n.控告，指责，谴责 | |
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artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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intoxicated
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| 喝醉的，极其兴奋的 | |
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distressing
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| a.使人痛苦的 | |
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depressed
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| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
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persuasions
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| n.劝说，说服（力）( persuasion的名词复数 )；信仰 | |
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infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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invalids
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| 病人，残疾者( invalid的名词复数 ) | |
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inundated
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| v.淹没( inundate的过去式和过去分词 )；（洪水般地）涌来；充满；给予或交予（太多事物）使难以应付 | |
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cartridges
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| 子弹( cartridge的名词复数 )； （打印机的）墨盒； 录音带盒； （唱机的）唱头 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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deafening
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| adj. 振耳欲聋的, 极喧闹的 动词deafen的现在分词形式 | |
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swarms
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| 蜂群，一大群( swarm的名词复数 ) | |
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joyful
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| adj.欢乐的，令人欢欣的 | |
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fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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mattress
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| n.床垫，床褥 | |
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respite
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| n.休息，中止，暂缓 | |
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succumbed
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| 不再抵抗（诱惑、疾病、攻击等）( succumb的过去式和过去分词 )； 屈从； 被压垮； 死 | |
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exhaustion
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| n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述 | |
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ammunition
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| n.军火，弹药 | |
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systematic
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| adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的 | |
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projections
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| 预测( projection的名词复数 )； 投影； 投掷； 突起物 | |
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systematically
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| adv.有系统地 | |
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miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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heroism
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| n.大无畏精神，英勇 | |
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