DEATH OF KICAB TANTUB.
As we may well imagine, the presence of the conquering army created a profound sensation throughout the whole Quiché dominion4. They were a warlike people, rulers and subjects, and proud withal. It is stated that while Alvarado was yet in Soconusco, Kicab Tanub, king of Utatlan, had endeavored to bring the lord of the Zutugils and the lord of the Cakchiquels into a combination which he was forming for purposes of defence against the approaching army. But they haughtily5 declined the overtures; one because the Quiché king had secretly aided a rebellious6 vassal7 of his, and the other because he felt sufficiently8 powerful to defend his gates against all comers. The ruler of the Cakchiquels,[XXIII-1] indeed, declared openly for the Spaniards, while the king of the Zutugils was so insulting in his rejection9 of the proposed confederation that King Kicab Tanub was deeply humiliated10. His chagrin11, added to the anxieties 633 attending preparations for defence, brought on a fever, from which he died in a few days. He was succeeded by his son, Tecum Umam.
Meanwhile all the forces of the kingdom were placed under arms, and a general muster12 of allies and tributaries13 was appointed to be held at Totonicapan. Thither14 marched Tecum Umam at the head of sixty thousand warriors15, and he was soon joined by a still larger force. With this army he occupied the table-land on which stood the strong city of Xelahuh,[XXIII-2] and which overlooked the ravines of the Tziha and the Olintepec. Ten lords governed this city, and with all their armies brilliantly equipped they went to the assistance of the Quiché monarch17. Never since the days of the great Kicab[XXIII-3] had there been seen on the Central American plateau a military display so imposing18. Redoubtable19 warriors were there, made fierce of aspect by the skins of wild beasts, the lion, the jaguar20, and the bear, and a vast array of fighting men, two hundred thousand and more,[XXIII-4] while conspicuous21 above them all in military splendor22 was the Quiché king and the royal retinue23. On one side of the elevated plain was Zacaha, a line of fortifications commanding the defile24 through the mountains by which the invading army had to enter. The place was now strengthened by throwing up round many of the hills stone walls, along the sides of which a ditch was carried, set with poisonous stakes. A number 634 of military machines were constructed, such as towers on wheels, and catapults for hurling25 missiles, which would have done honor to the man-killing profession of any European nation of that day. There King Tecum Umam intrenched himself and awaited the incoming army.
PALAHUNOH PASS.
And to this inland plateau, in the very heart of the Quiché country, Alvarado was now with difficulty making his way through a narrow gorge26 of the sierra, leaving the people of Zapotitlan quite subdued27. After crossing two rapid rivers a steep ascent28 six leagues in length was begun, leading to Palahunoh, as the pass was called. It was indeed a rugged29 way, more in the nature of a height to be scaled than an opening in a chain of mountains. So severe were the struggles with nature and Satan, to whom these stubborn soldiers ascribed most ills, that their former troubles seemed to them as pastime now. The place was so steep and rough that it was with the utmost difficulty the horses, plunging30 and struggling, could make their way up. It was impossible to accomplish the whole distance in one day, and the panting and foot-sore army, too exhausted31 to proceed farther,[XXIII-5] was ordered to encamp when half the ascent had been made. The next day through similar efforts they reached the summit, where a woman and a dog were found sacrificed, in token of defiance32 and challenge to war, as the interpreters explained.
During the descent to the plain, at no great distance, in a narrow part of the pass, a strong breastwork 635 of undefended palisades was discovered, quite incomprehensible to the Spaniards, as a few men properly disposed could have held the place against any invading army.
The nature of the ground was still so unfavorable for cavalry33 that Alvarado sent forward the infantry34, and presently the enemy was encountered. A body of three or four thousand fell upon the allies and threw them into confusion. The cross-bowmen, however, came to their support, and soon the entire infantry were engaged in the contest, which was carried on along the hill-tops and down the slopes until the ravine of Olintepec River was reached. There the Spaniards were drawn35 into an ambuscade, formed by over six thousand warriors from Utatlan, from whom they received some wounds.[XXIII-6] The troops were soon collected on the other side of the ravine, however; but none too soon, for presently was seen advancing with bold front a detachment of the grand army, thirty thousand strong, as if to annihilate36 them at one blow. Fortunately the ground here was level and favorable for the cavalry. The horses being greatly fatigued37, Alvarado determined38 to wait till the last moment before charging. After permitting the enemy to amuse themselves with the allies during a brief breathing space, their confidence momentarily increasing, the commander at length gave the order to the impatient horsemen, who swept forward instantly like an avalanche39, and as if the hills indeed had fallen on them the affrighted Quichés scattered40. Mad Ajax among the defenceless sheep took not more lives than did each Spaniard on that day. Like sheep the poor natives scattered, and like sheep they were pursued and slaughtered41.[XXIII-7]
A league farther brought the thirsty troops to some 636 springs, but the period of refreshment43 was short. At hand was a yet more formidable native force, led by Prince Ahzumanche, one of the highest among the relatives and officers of the king.
The engagement which followed was exceptionably bloody. The Quichés approached over the extensive plains, and when they had arrived at a position favorable for the Spaniards to make the attack the horsemen charged upon them. But the Quichés were better on their guard than before. Recovered from their panic, and animated44 by the example of their leader, they displayed greater bravery this time, standing45 the shock unflinchingly,[XXIII-8] fighting foot to foot, or banded two and three together, endeavoring by their own strength to overthrow46 the horses, seizing them by mane and tail, and trying to pull them down, and laying hold of the riders to unhorse them. The Spaniards were indeed closely beset47, and for a time it seemed by no means certain that victory would finally declare for them. But what naked power could long withstand the steady fire of arquebuse and cross-bow, the steady fall of sword-blow and lance-thrust!
Relaxing their efforts for a moment, the natives were charged by the cavalry with deadly result, and were trampled48 under foot by hundreds, and speedily routed. For a league they were followed with great havoc49, till they took refuge in a stronghold of the sierra. By pretending flight, however, Alvarado drew them from their position to the open plain, and then wheeled and fell upon them. The carnage for a time was dreadful; the ground was covered with the mangled50 bodies of the dead and dying, and the waters of the Olintepec ran crimson51 with blood. And henceforth the stream was called Xequiqel, that is to say, River of Blood.[XXIII-9] 637
Among the fallen was Prince Ahzumanche, and a number of the nobility and chiefs. The contest being over, the army encamped for the night at the springs before mentioned. The loss to the Spaniards, as usual, was insignificant52.[XXIII-10]
A MAGNIFICENT PRIZE.
Let us pause for a moment to review the position of the invaders53. They had surmounted54 with irresistible55 progress the coast range, had crossed the summit, fought their way down the corresponding slopes, and were within a league of Xelahuh, the great stronghold of the Quichés, on their western confines. All the defences to it had been won, the Zacaha fortifications had been carried, passive nature's majestic56 guardianship58 had been overcome, and human opposition59 had proved futile60. Far behind them stood the deadly forest through which they had struggled; over the golden-edged hills, the rugged steep by which they had made their way hither. Around them now were open pine woods,[XXIII-11] and at their feet the wide cultivated plains of the table-lands on which the sun shed its uninterrupted rays. Dotted with towns and parti-colored with maize-fields and orchards61, silver-threaded by streams, the landscape displayed before the Spaniards the picture of a paradise. And this beautiful realm now lay helpless in the conqueror's grasp, its very air[XXIII-12] becoming traitorous62 by refreshing63 and invigorating 638 the invaders, bracing64 their nerves and inspiring their hearts to new enterprise.
At dawn the Spanish camp was astir; and while the voices of Christian65 priests chanting praises to God for past victories floated over the hideous66 battle-field, Christian soldiers were buckling67 on their armor for the further butchering of helpless human beings who had done them no harm. A hermitage and a town were established at Zacaha, the former under the charge of Friar Francisco Martinez de Pontaza,[XXIII-13] whose memory was ever after fragrant68 in those parts, the latter under the direction of Juan de Leon Cardona.[XXIII-14] The natives of the subjugated70 neighborhood finally came in and helped to swell71 the numbers of the town, which was called Quezaltenango.[XXIII-15]
These measures taken,[XXIII-16] the army advanced on Xelahuh,[XXIII-17] only to find it abandoned. The inhabitants, terror-stricken at the success of the invaders, had fled to the mountains. Alvarado took up his quarters in the deserted72 city, where for six days he remained, resting and reconnoitring.[XXIII-18] 639
THE GRAND ARMY.
Tecum Umam was an ambitious prince and a brave commander. With no small concern he had seen defeated one after another the forces sent against the foe73, and he now resolved to take the field in person. About noon on the seventh day of their sojourn74 at Xelahuh the Spaniards saw converging75 to that point from every quarter dense76 masses of warriors.[XXIII-19] Well aware that his great strength lay in the cavalry, Alvarado with a large part of his force[XXIII-20] hastened to occupy an open plain, three leagues in length, at no great distance from the city. Tecum Umam was shrewd enough to comprehend the man?uvre, and before the last Spaniard was a bow-shot from camp the Quiché army in two principal divisions was upon them. Alvarado had divided his cavalry into two bodies, commanded respectively by Pedro Puertocarrero and Hernando de Chaves, who were directed to assail77 at different points one of the opposing bodies when well in position, while the infantry, commanded by himself, were to engage with the other. The onset78 was terrible. Through and through the dense columns rush the horsemen, heedless alike of the flint-tipped arrow, the javelin79 with fire-hardened point, and the slung80 pebble81. Resistance was not possible. Plunged82 through and hurled83 to earth, crushed beneath the horses' hoofs84, the broken ranks of this division sought the protection of the other. Thus half of Tecum's last hope was lost, while the other half was fast dwindling85. Early in the combat the Quiché king had recognized 640 the conspicuous figure of the mounted Spanish commander, and as Tecum now saw his forces broken by the cavalry, he determined upon one last desperate effort. Gathering86 around him a few chosen warriors, he threw himself in person upon Alvarado, and with his own hand so wounded his horse that the Spaniard was obliged to fall back and mount another. A second and a third time the undaunted warrior16 assailed87 his superior foe, till pierced by Alvarado's lance he fell, staining with his life-blood the ground he had fought so bravely to defend.
It was not often that the heavenly powers deigned88 to help the poor natives in their dire69 struggle with the steel-clad Europeans, as was so frequently the case with the Spaniards. The gods usually prefer fighting on the strongest side; but here we find an exception. It is my duty to relate, as a truthful89 historian, that during the mortal combat between these two leaders an eagle with great pinions90 was observed by the Quiché army circling round and round the Spanish commander, ever and anon swooping91 down upon him, and with beak92 and claw attacking him about the head. It was the nagual, the guardian57 spirit of Tecum Umam. But less strong than Alvarado's lance, it was discomfited93 at the moment of the monarch's death, and disappeared from the sight of the vanquished94 Quichés.[XXIII-21]
Contrary to the usual course pursued by natives in warfare95, the fall of their commander did not immediately disperse96 the Quiché warriors, but seemed rather to enrage97 them; for the moment after there fell upon the Spaniards such a blinding tempest of javelins98 as would have delighted the Spartan99 Dieneces. It was but for a moment, however; it was their last expiring effort, for soon the cavalry came thundering on their flanks, dispersing100 and slaying101 after the usual fashion. For two leagues along the plain they were pursued by 641 the horsemen, who then turned and rode back, repeating the carnage over the same field. The slaughter42 was particularly bloody at a stream on one side of the plain, and the commander proudly refers to it in his despatch102.[XXIII-22] The infantry captured a vast multitude which had taken refuge from the insatiate horsemen on a hill near by.
Thus ended another day in the annals of the grand extermination103, a day dark indeed for the noble Quiché nation, but of which European progress and propagandizing might well be proud.[XXIII-23]
PERSUASIVE104 PROSELYTING.
By this crushing defeat the Quichés were humbled105 and their confidence in their deities106, not to say themselves, was weakened. Though in great grief at the loss of their chief and the triumph of the Spaniards, an opportunity was given them through the preaching of the priests Torres and Pontaza to embrace the religion of their conquerors107. Four captive chieftains[XXIII-24] of Xelahuh were baptized and received their liberty. Christian raiment with swords was then given them and they were entertained at the table of Alvarado.[XXIII-25] After this they were sent out as missionaries108 to their affrighted brethren, bringing quite a number to a knowledge of the Savior. They also aided in erecting109 a more suitable hermitage at Zacaha, and in building houses for the Donatís.[XXIII-26] Nay110 642 more; in their growing enthusiasm they suggested that the place where Tonatiuh had gained his crowning victory, and over which still hung the odor of corruption111 and blood, the blood of their slain countrymen, should be called by the name of Espíritu Santo.
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1
overtures
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| n.主动的表示，提议；（向某人做出的）友好表示、姿态或提议( overture的名词复数 )；（歌剧、芭蕾舞、音乐剧等的）序曲，前奏曲 | |
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bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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haughtily
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| adv. 傲慢地, 高傲地 | |
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rebellious
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| adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的 | |
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vassal
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| n.附庸的；属下；adj.奴仆的 | |
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sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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rejection
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| n.拒绝，被拒，抛弃，被弃 | |
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humiliated
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| 感到羞愧的 | |
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chagrin
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| n.懊恼；气愤；委屈 | |
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muster
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| v.集合，收集，鼓起，激起；n.集合，检阅，集合人员，点名册 | |
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tributaries
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| n. 支流 | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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redoubtable
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| adj.可敬的；可怕的 | |
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jaguar
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| n.美洲虎 | |
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conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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splendor
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| n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌 | |
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retinue
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| n.侍从；随员 | |
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defile
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| v.弄污，弄脏；n.(山间)小道 | |
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hurling
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| n.爱尔兰式曲棍球v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的现在分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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gorge
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| n.咽喉，胃，暴食，山峡；v.塞饱，狼吞虎咽地吃 | |
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subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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plunging
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| adj.跳进的，突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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annihilate
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| v.使无效；毁灭；取消 | |
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fatigued
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| adj. 疲乏的 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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avalanche
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| n.雪崩，大量涌来 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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slaughtered
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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slaughter
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| n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀 | |
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43
refreshment
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| n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点 | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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46
overthrow
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| v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆 | |
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47
beset
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| v.镶嵌；困扰，包围 | |
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48
trampled
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| 踩( trample的过去式和过去分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯 | |
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havoc
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| n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱 | |
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50
mangled
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| vt.乱砍（mangle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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51
crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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invaders
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| 入侵者，侵略者，侵入物( invader的名词复数 ) | |
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54
surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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guardian
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| n.监护人；守卫者，保护者 | |
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guardianship
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| n. 监护, 保护, 守护 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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futile
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| adj.无效的，无用的，无希望的 | |
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61
orchards
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| （通常指围起来的）果园( orchard的名词复数 ) | |
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traitorous
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| adj. 叛国的, 不忠的, 背信弃义的 | |
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refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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bracing
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| adj.令人振奋的 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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buckling
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| 扣住 | |
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fragrant
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| adj.芬香的，馥郁的，愉快的 | |
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dire
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| adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的 | |
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subjugated
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| v.征服，降伏( subjugate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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71
swell
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| vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强 | |
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deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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sojourn
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| v./n.旅居，寄居；逗留 | |
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converging
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| adj.收敛[缩]的，会聚的，趋同的v.（线条、运动的物体等）会于一点( converge的现在分词 )；（趋于）相似或相同；人或车辆汇集；聚集 | |
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dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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assail
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| v.猛烈攻击，抨击，痛斥 | |
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onset
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| n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始 | |
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javelin
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| n.标枪，投枪 | |
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80
slung
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| 抛( sling的过去式和过去分词 )； 吊挂； 遣送； 押往 | |
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pebble
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| n.卵石，小圆石 | |
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plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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hoofs
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| n.（兽的）蹄，马蹄( hoof的名词复数 )v.（兽的）蹄，马蹄( hoof的第三人称单数 ) | |
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dwindling
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| adj.逐渐减少的v.逐渐变少或变小( dwindle的现在分词 ) | |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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assailed
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| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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deigned
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| v.屈尊，俯就( deign的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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truthful
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| adj.真实的，说实话的，诚实的 | |
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pinions
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| v.抓住[捆住]（双臂）( pinion的第三人称单数 ) | |
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swooping
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| 俯冲，猛冲( swoop的现在分词 ) | |
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beak
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| n.鸟嘴，茶壶嘴，钩形鼻 | |
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discomfited
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| v.使为难( discomfit的过去式和过去分词)；使狼狈；使挫折；挫败 | |
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vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制 | |
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warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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disperse
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| vi.使分散；使消失；vt.分散；驱散 | |
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enrage
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| v.触怒，激怒 | |
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javelins
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| n.标枪( javelin的名词复数 ) | |
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99
spartan
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| adj.简朴的，刻苦的；n.斯巴达；斯巴达式的人 | |
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100
dispersing
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| adj. 分散的 动词disperse的现在分词形式 | |
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101
slaying
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| 杀戮。 | |
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102
despatch
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| n./v.(dispatch)派遣；发送；n.急件；新闻报道 | |
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103
extermination
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| n.消灭，根绝 | |
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104
persuasive
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| adj.有说服力的，能说得使人相信的 | |
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105
humbled
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| adj. 卑下的，谦逊的，粗陋的 vt. 使 ... 卑下，贬低 | |
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106
deities
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| n.神，女神( deity的名词复数 )；神祗；神灵；神明 | |
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conquerors
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| 征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 ) | |
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missionaries
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| n.传教士( missionary的名词复数 ) | |
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109
erecting
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| v.使直立，竖起( erect的现在分词 )；建立 | |
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110
nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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111
corruption
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| n.腐败，堕落，贪污 | |
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