As the specific object for which a man-of-war is built and put into commission is to fight and fire off cannon6, it is, of course, deemed indispensable that the crew should be duly instructed in the art and mystery involved. Hence these "general quarters," which is a mustering7 of all hands to their stations at the guns on the several decks, and a sort of sham8-fight with an imaginary foe9.
The summons is given by the ship's drummer, who strikes a peculiar10 beat—short, broken, rolling, shuffling—like the sound made by the march into battle of iron-heeled grenadiers. It is a regular tune11, with a fine song composed to it; the words of the chorus, being most artistically12 arranged, may give some idea of the air:
We always are ready, steady, boys, steady,
To fight and to conquer, again and again."
In warm weather this pastime at the guns is exceedingly unpleasant, to say the least, and throws a quiet man into a violent passion and perspiration15. For one, I ever abominated16 it.
I have a heart like Julius Caesar, and upon occasions would fight like Caius Marcius Coriolanus. If my beloved and for ever glorious country should be ever in jeopardy17 from invaders18, let Congress put me on a war-horse, in the van-guard, and then see how I will acquit19 myself. But to toil20 and sweat in a fictitious21 encounter; to squander22 the precious breath of my precious body in a ridiculous fight of shams23 and pretensions24; to hurry about the decks, pretending to carry the killed and wounded below; to be told that I must consider the ship blowing up, in order to exercise myself in presence of mind, and prepare for a real explosion; all this I despise, as beneath a true tar14 and man of valour.
These were my sentiments at the time, and these remain my sentiments still; but as, while on board the frigate25, my liberty of thought did not extend to liberty of expression, I was obliged to keep these sentiments to myself; though, indeed, I had some thoughts of addressing a letter, marked Private and Confidential26, to his Honour the Commodore, on the subject.
My station at the batteries was at one of the thirty-two-pound carronades, on the starboard side of the quarter-deck.[1]
[Footnote-1] For the benefit of a Quaker reader here and there, a word or two in explanation of a carronade may not be amiss. The carronade is a gun comparatively short and light for its calibre. A carronade throwing a thirty-two-pound shot weighs considerably27 less than a long-gun only throwing a twenty-four-pound shot. It further differs from a long-gun, in working with a joint28 and bolt underneath29, instead of the short arms or trunnions at the sides. Its carriage, likewise, is quite different from that of a long-gun, having a sort of sliding apparatus30, something like an extension dining-table; the goose on it, however, is a tough one, and villainously stuffed with most indigestible dumplings. Point-blank, the range of a carronade does not exceed one hundred and fifty yards, much less than the range of a long-gun. When of large calibre, however, it throws within that limit, Paixhan shot, all manner of shells and combustibles, with great effect, being a very destructive engine at close quarters. This piece is now very generally found mounted in the batteries of the English and American navies. The quarter-deck armaments of most modern frigates31 wholly consist of carronades. The name is derived32 from the village of Carron, in Scotland, at whose celebrated33 founderies this iron Attila was first cast.
I did not fancy this station at all; for it is well known on shipboard that, in time of action, the quarter-deck is one of the most dangerous posts of a man-of-war. The reason is, that the officers of the highest rank are there stationed; and the enemy have an ungentlemanly way of target-shooting at their buttons. If we should chance to engage a ship, then, who could tell but some bungling34 small-arm marks-man in the enemy's tops might put a bullet through me instead of the Commodore? If they hit him, no doubt he would not feel it much, for he was used to that sort of thing, and, indeed, had a bullet in him already. Whereas, I was altogether unaccustomed to having blue pills playing round my head in such an indiscriminate way. Besides, ours was a flag-ship; and every one knows what a peculiarly dangerous predicament the quarter-deck of Nelson's flag-ship was in at the battle of Trafalgar; how the lofty tops of the enemy were full of soldiers, peppering away at the English Admiral and his officers. Many a poor sailor, at the guns of that quarter-deck, must have received a bullet intended for some wearer of an epaulet.
By candidly35 confessing my feelings on this subject, I do by no means invalidate my claims to being held a man of prodigious36 valour. I merely state my invincible37 repugnance38 to being shot for somebody else. If I am shot, be it with the express understanding in the shooter that I am the identical person intended so to be served. That Thracian who, with his compliments, sent an arrow into the King of Macedon, superscribed "for Philip's right eye," set a fine example to all warriors40. The hurried, hasty, indiscriminate, reckless, abandoned manner in which both sailors and soldiers nowadays fight is really painful to any serious-minded, methodical old gentleman, especially if he chance to have systematized his mind as an accountant. There is little or no skill and bravery about it. Two parties, armed with lead and old iron, envelop41 themselves in a cloud of smoke, and pitch their lead and old iron about in all directions. If you happen to be in the way, you are hit; possibly, killed; if not, you escape. In sea-actions, if by good or bad luck, as the case may be, a round shot, fired at random42 through the smoke, happens to send overboard your fore43-mast, another to unship your rudder, there you lie crippled, pretty much at the mercy of your foe: who, accordingly, pronounces himself victor, though that honour properly belongs to the Law of Gravitation operating on the enemy's balls in the smoke. Instead of tossing this old lead and iron into the air, therefore, it would be much better amicably44 to toss up a copper45 and let heads win.
The carronade at which I was stationed was known as "Gun No. 5," on the First Lieutenant's quarter-bill. Among our gun's crew, however, it was known as Black Bet. This name was bestowed46 by the captain of the gun—a fine negro—in honour of his sweetheart, a coloured lady of Philadelphia. Of Black Bet I was rammer-and-sponger; and ram47 and sponge I did, like a good fellow. I have no doubt that, had I and my gun been at the battle of the Nile, we would mutually have immortalised ourselves; the ramming-pole would have been hung up in Westminster Abbey; and I, ennobled by the king, besides receiving the illustrious honour of an autograph letter from his majesty48 through the perfumed right hand of his private secretary.
But it was terrible work to help run in and out of the porthole that amazing mass of metal, especially as the thing must be clone in a trice. Then, at the summons of a horrid49, rasping rattle50, swayed by the Captain in person, we were made to rush from our guns, seize pikes and pistols, and repel51 an imaginary army of boarders, who, by a fiction of the officers, were supposed to be assailing52 all sides of the ship at once. After cutting and slashing53 at them a while, we jumped back to our guns, and again went to jerking our elbows.
Meantime, a loud cry is heard of "Fire! fire! fire!" in the fore-top; and a regular engine, worked by a set of Bowery-boy tars, is forthwith set to playing streams of water aloft. And now it is "Fire! fire! fire!" on the main-deck; and the entire ship is in as great a commotion55 as if a whole city ward56 were in a blaze.
Are our officers of the Navy utterly57 unacquainted with the laws of good health? Do they not know that this violent exercise, taking place just after a hearty58 dinner, as it generally does, is eminently59 calculated to breed the dyspepsia? There was no satisfaction in dining; the flavour of every mouthful was destroyed by the thought that the next moment the cannonading drum might be beating to quarters.
Such a sea-martinet was our Captain, that sometimes we were roused from our hammocks at night; when a scene would ensue that it is not in the power of pen and ink to describe. Five hundred men spring to their feet, dress themselves, take up their bedding, and run to the nettings and stow it; then he to their stations—each man jostling his neighbour—some alow, some aloft; some this way, some that; and in less than five minutes the frigate is ready for action, and still as the grave; almost every man precisely60 where he would be were an enemy actually about to be engaged. The Gunner, like a Cornwall miner in a cave, is burrowing61 down in the magazine under the Ward-room, which is lighted by battle-lanterns, placed behind glazed62 glass bull's-eyes inserted in the bulkhead. The Powder-monkeys, or boys, who fetch and carry cartridges63, are scampering64 to and fro among the guns; and the first and second loaders stand ready to receive their supplies.
These Powder-monkeys, as they are called, enact65 a curious part in time of action. The entrance to the magazine on the berth-deck, where they procure66 their food for the guns, is guarded by a woollen screen; and a gunner's mate, standing39 behind it, thrusts out the cartridges through a small arm-hole in this screen. The enemy's shot (perhaps red hot) are flying in all directions; and to protect their cartridges, the powder-monkeys hurriedly wrap them up in their jackets; and with all haste scramble68 up the ladders to their respective guns, like eating-house waiters hurrying along with hot cakes for breakfast.
At general quarters the shot-boxes are uncovered; showing the grape-shot—aptly so called, for they precisely resemble bunches of the fruit; though, to receive a bunch of iron grapes in the abdomen69 would be but a sorry dessert; and also showing the canister-shot—old iron of various sorts, packed in a tin case, like a tea-caddy.
Imagine some midnight craft sailing down on her enemy thus; twenty-four pounders levelled, matches lighted, and each captain of his gun at his post!
But if verily going into action, then would the Neversink have made still further preparations; for however alike in some things, there is always a vast difference—if you sound them—between a reality and a sham. Not to speak of the pale sternness of the men at their guns at such a juncture70, and the choked thoughts at their hearts, the ship itself would here and there present a far different appearance. Something like that of an extensive mansion71 preparing for a grand entertainment, when folding-doors are withdrawn72, chambers74 converted into drawing-rooms, and every inch of available space thrown into one continuous whole. For previous to an action, every bulk-head in a man-of-war is knocked down; great guns are run out of the Commodore's parlour windows; nothing separates the ward-room officers' quarters from those of the men, but an en-sign used for a curtain. The sailors' mess-chests are tumbled down into the hold; and the hospital cots—of which all men-of-war carry a large supply—are dragged forth54 from the sail-room, and piled near at hand to receive the wounded; amputation-tables are ranged in the cock-pit or in the tiers, whereon to carve the bodies of the maimed. The yards are slung75 in chains; fire-screens distributed here and there: hillocks of cannon-balls piled between the guns; shot-plugs suspended within easy reach from the beams; and solid masses of wads, big as Dutch cheeses, braced76 to the cheeks of the gun-carriages.
No small difference, also, would be visible in the wardrobe of both officers and men. The officers generally fight as dandies dance, namely, in silk stockings; inasmuch as, in case of being wounded in the leg, the silk-hose can be more easily drawn73 off by the Surgeon; cotton sticks, and works into the wound. An economical captain, while taking care to case his legs in silk, might yet see fit to save his best suit, and fight in his old clothes. For, besides that an old garment might much better be cut to pieces than a new one, it must be a mighty77 disagreeable thing to die in a stiff, tight-breasted coat, not yet worked easy under the arm-pits. At such times, a man should feel free, unencumbered, and perfectly78 at his ease in point of straps79 and suspenders. No ill-will concerning his tailor should intrude80 upon his thoughts of eternity81. Seneca understood this, when he chose to die naked in a bath. And men-of-war's men understand it, also; for most of them, in battle, strip to the waist-bands; wearing nothing but a pair of duck trowsers, and a handkerchief round their head.
A captain combining a heedful patriotism82 with economy would probably "bend" his old topsails before going into battle, instead of exposing his best canvas to be riddled83 to pieces; for it is generally the case that the enemy's shot flies high. Unless allowance is made for it in pointing the tube, at long-gun distance, the slightest roll of the ship, at the time of firing, would send a shot, meant for the hull84, high over the top-gallant yards.
But besides these differences between a sham-fight at general quarters and a real cannonading, the aspect of the ship, at the beating of the retreat, would, in the latter case, be very dissimilar to the neatness and uniformity in the former.
Then our bulwarks85 might look like the walls of the houses in West Broadway in New York, after being broken into and burned out by the Negro Mob. Our stout86 masts and yards might be lying about decks, like tree boughs87 after a tornado88 in a piece of woodland; our dangling89 ropes, cut and sundered90 in all directions, would be bleeding tar at every yard; and strew91 with jagged splinters from our wounded planks92, the gun-deck might resemble a carpenter's shop. Then, when all was over, and all hands would be piped to take down the hammocks from the exposed nettings (where they play the part of the cotton bales at New Orleans), we might find bits of broken shot, iron bolts and bullets in our blankets. And, while smeared93 with blood like butchers, the surgeon and his mates would be amputating arms and legs on the berth-deck, an underling of the carpenter's gang would be new-legging and arming the broken chairs and tables in the Commodore's cabin; while the rest of his squad94 would be splicing95 and fishing the shattered masts and yards. The scupper-holes having discharged the last rivulet96 of blood, the decks would be washed down; and the galley-cooks would be going fore and aft, sprinkling them with hot vinegar, to take out the shambles97' smell from the planks; which, unless some such means are employed, often create a highly offensive effluvia for weeks after a fight.
Then, upon mustering the men, and calling the quarter-bills by the light of a battle-lantern, many a wounded seaman98 with his arm in a sling99, would answer for some poor shipmate who could never more make answer for himself:
"Tom Brown?"
"Killed, sir."
"Killed, sir."
"Killed, sir."
And opposite all these poor fellows' names, down would go on the quarter-bills the bloody101 marks of red ink—a murderer's fluid, fitly used on these occasions.
点击收听单词发音
1 averse | |
adj.厌恶的;反对的,不乐意的 | |
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2 uproar | |
n.骚动,喧嚣,鼎沸 | |
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3 undue | |
adj.过分的;不适当的;未到期的 | |
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4 distressing | |
a.使人痛苦的 | |
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5 proceeding | |
n.行动,进行,(pl.)会议录,学报 | |
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6 cannon | |
n.大炮,火炮;飞机上的机关炮 | |
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7 mustering | |
v.集合,召集,集结(尤指部队)( muster的现在分词 );(自他人处)搜集某事物;聚集;激发 | |
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8 sham | |
n./adj.假冒(的),虚伪(的) | |
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9 foe | |
n.敌人,仇敌 | |
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10 peculiar | |
adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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11 tune | |
n.调子;和谐,协调;v.调音,调节,调整 | |
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12 artistically | |
adv.艺术性地 | |
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13 tars | |
焦油,沥青,柏油( tar的名词复数 ) | |
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14 tar | |
n.柏油,焦油;vt.涂或浇柏油/焦油于 | |
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15 perspiration | |
n.汗水;出汗 | |
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16 abominated | |
v.憎恶,厌恶,不喜欢( abominate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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17 jeopardy | |
n.危险;危难 | |
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18 invaders | |
入侵者,侵略者,侵入物( invader的名词复数 ) | |
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19 acquit | |
vt.宣判无罪;(oneself)使(自己)表现出 | |
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20 toil | |
vi.辛劳工作,艰难地行动;n.苦工,难事 | |
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21 fictitious | |
adj.虚构的,假设的;空头的 | |
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22 squander | |
v.浪费,挥霍 | |
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23 shams | |
假象( sham的名词复数 ); 假货; 虚假的行为(或感情、言语等); 假装…的人 | |
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24 pretensions | |
自称( pretension的名词复数 ); 自命不凡; 要求; 权力 | |
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25 frigate | |
n.护航舰,大型驱逐舰 | |
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26 confidential | |
adj.秘(机)密的,表示信任的,担任机密工作的 | |
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27 considerably | |
adv.极大地;相当大地;在很大程度上 | |
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28 joint | |
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合 | |
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29 underneath | |
adj.在...下面,在...底下;adv.在下面 | |
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30 apparatus | |
n.装置,器械;器具,设备 | |
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31 frigates | |
n.快速军舰( frigate的名词复数 ) | |
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32 derived | |
vi.起源;由来;衍生;导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取 | |
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33 celebrated | |
adj.有名的,声誉卓著的 | |
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34 bungling | |
adj.笨拙的,粗劣的v.搞糟,完不成( bungle的现在分词 );笨手笨脚地做;失败;完不成 | |
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35 candidly | |
adv.坦率地,直率而诚恳地 | |
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36 prodigious | |
adj.惊人的,奇妙的;异常的;巨大的;庞大的 | |
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37 invincible | |
adj.不可征服的,难以制服的 | |
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38 repugnance | |
n.嫌恶 | |
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39 standing | |
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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40 warriors | |
武士,勇士,战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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41 envelop | |
vt.包,封,遮盖;包围 | |
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42 random | |
adj.随机的;任意的;n.偶然的(或随便的)行动 | |
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43 fore | |
adv.在前面;adj.先前的;在前部的;n.前部 | |
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44 amicably | |
adv.友善地 | |
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45 copper | |
n.铜;铜币;铜器;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的 | |
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46 bestowed | |
赠给,授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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47 ram | |
(random access memory)随机存取存储器 | |
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48 majesty | |
n.雄伟,壮丽,庄严,威严;最高权威,王权 | |
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49 horrid | |
adj.可怕的;令人惊恐的;恐怖的;极讨厌的 | |
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50 rattle | |
v.飞奔,碰响;激怒;n.碰撞声;拨浪鼓 | |
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51 repel | |
v.击退,抵制,拒绝,排斥 | |
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52 assailing | |
v.攻击( assail的现在分词 );困扰;质问;毅然应对 | |
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53 slashing | |
adj.尖锐的;苛刻的;鲜明的;乱砍的v.挥砍( slash的现在分词 );鞭打;割破;削减 | |
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54 forth | |
adv.向前;向外,往外 | |
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55 commotion | |
n.骚动,动乱 | |
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56 ward | |
n.守卫,监护,病房,行政区,由监护人或法院保护的人(尤指儿童);vt.守护,躲开 | |
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57 utterly | |
adv.完全地,绝对地 | |
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58 hearty | |
adj.热情友好的;衷心的;尽情的,纵情的 | |
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59 eminently | |
adv.突出地;显著地;不寻常地 | |
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60 precisely | |
adv.恰好,正好,精确地,细致地 | |
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61 burrowing | |
v.挖掘(洞穴),挖洞( burrow的现在分词 );翻寻 | |
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62 glazed | |
adj.光滑的,像玻璃的;上过釉的;呆滞无神的v.装玻璃( glaze的过去式);上釉于,上光;(目光)变得呆滞无神 | |
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63 cartridges | |
子弹( cartridge的名词复数 ); (打印机的)墨盒; 录音带盒; (唱机的)唱头 | |
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64 scampering | |
v.蹦蹦跳跳地跑,惊惶奔跑( scamper的现在分词 ) | |
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65 enact | |
vt.制定(法律);上演,扮演 | |
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66 procure | |
vt.获得,取得,促成;vi.拉皮条 | |
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67 jack | |
n.插座,千斤顶,男人;v.抬起,提醒,扛举;n.(Jake)杰克 | |
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68 scramble | |
v.爬行,攀爬,杂乱蔓延,碎片,片段,废料 | |
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69 abdomen | |
n.腹,下腹(胸部到腿部的部分) | |
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70 juncture | |
n.时刻,关键时刻,紧要关头 | |
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71 mansion | |
n.大厦,大楼;宅第 | |
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72 withdrawn | |
vt.收回;使退出;vi.撤退,退出 | |
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73 drawn | |
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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74 chambers | |
n.房间( chamber的名词复数 );(议会的)议院;卧室;会议厅 | |
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75 slung | |
抛( sling的过去式和过去分词 ); 吊挂; 遣送; 押往 | |
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76 braced | |
adj.拉牢的v.支住( brace的过去式和过去分词 );撑牢;使自己站稳;振作起来 | |
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77 mighty | |
adj.强有力的;巨大的 | |
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78 perfectly | |
adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地 | |
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79 straps | |
n.带子( strap的名词复数 );挎带;肩带;背带v.用皮带捆扎( strap的第三人称单数 );用皮带抽打;包扎;给…打绷带 | |
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80 intrude | |
vi.闯入;侵入;打扰,侵扰 | |
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81 eternity | |
n.不朽,来世;永恒,无穷 | |
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82 patriotism | |
n.爱国精神,爱国心,爱国主义 | |
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83 riddled | |
adj.布满的;充斥的;泛滥的v.解谜,出谜题(riddle的过去分词形式) | |
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84 hull | |
n.船身;(果、实等的)外壳;vt.去(谷物等)壳 | |
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85 bulwarks | |
n.堡垒( bulwark的名词复数 );保障;支柱;舷墙 | |
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87 boughs | |
大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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88 tornado | |
n.飓风,龙卷风 | |
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89 dangling | |
悬吊着( dangle的现在分词 ); 摆动不定; 用某事物诱惑…; 吊胃口 | |
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90 sundered | |
v.隔开,分开( sunder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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91 strew | |
vt.撒;使散落;撒在…上,散布于 | |
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92 planks | |
(厚)木板( plank的名词复数 ); 政纲条目,政策要点 | |
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93 smeared | |
弄脏; 玷污; 涂抹; 擦上 | |
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94 squad | |
n.班,小队,小团体;vt.把…编成班或小组 | |
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95 splicing | |
n.编接(绳);插接;捻接;叠接v.绞接( splice的现在分词 );捻接(两段绳子);胶接;粘接(胶片、磁带等) | |
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96 rivulet | |
n.小溪,小河 | |
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97 shambles | |
n.混乱之处;废墟 | |
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98 seaman | |
n.海员,水手,水兵 | |
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99 sling | |
vt.扔;悬挂;n.挂带;吊索,吊兜;弹弓 | |
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100 hardy | |
adj.勇敢的,果断的,吃苦的;耐寒的 | |
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101 bloody | |
adj.非常的的;流血的;残忍的;adv.很;vt.血染 | |
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