from January 11 to February 9
Map of the Operations of the Natal Field Army from January 11 to February 9
General Buller's Headquarters: February 15, 1900.
When Sir Redvers Buller broke off the combat of Vaal Krantz, and for the third time ordered his unbeaten troops to retreat, it was clearly understood that another attempt to penetrate2 the Boer lines was to be made without delay.
The army has moved from Spearman's and Springfield to Chieveley, General Lyttelton, who had succeeded Sir Francis Clery, in command of the 2nd Division and 4th Brigade, marching via Pretorius's Farm on the 9th and 10th, Sir Charles Warren covering the withdrawal3 of the supplies and transport and following on the 10th and 11th. The regular Cavalry4 Brigade, under Burn-Murdoch, was left with two battalions6 to hold the bridge at Springfield, beyond which place the Boers, who had crossed the Tugela in some strength at Potgieter's, were reported to be showing considerable activity. The left flank of the marching Infantry8 columns was covered by Dundonald's Brigade of Light Horse, and the operations were performed without interruption from the enemy. On the 12th orders were issued to reconnoitre Hussar Hill, a grassy9 and wooded eminence10 four miles to the east of Chieveley, and the direction of the next attack was revealed. The reader of the accounts of this war is probably familiar with the Colenso position and understands its great strength. The proper left of this position rests on the rocky, scrub-covered hill of Hlangwani, which rises on the British side of the Tugela. If this hill can be captured and artillery11 placed on it, and if it can be secured from cross fire, then all the trenches12 of Fort Wylie and along the river bank will be completely enfiladed, and the Colenso position will become untenable, so that Hlangwani is the key of the Colenso position. In order, however, to guard this key carefully the Boers have extended their left—as at Trichardt's Drift they extended their right—until it occupies a very lofty range of mountains four or five miles to the east of Hlangwani, and along all this front works have been constructed on a judicious13 system of defence. The long delays have given ample time to the enemy to complete his fortifications, and the trenches here are more like forts than field works, being provided with overhead cover against shells and carefully made loopholes. In front of them stretches a bare slope, on either side rise formidable hills from which long-range guns can make a continual cross-fire. Behind this position, again, are others of great strength.
But there are also encouraging considerations. We are to make—at least in spite of disappointments we hope and believe we are to make—a supreme14 effort to relieve Ladysmith. At the same time we are the army for the defence of South Natal. If we had put the matter to the test at Potgieter's and failed, our line of communications might have been cut behind us, and the whole army, weakened by the inevitable15 heavy losses of attacking these great positions, might have been captured or dispersed16. Here we have the railway behind us. We are not as we were at Potgieter's 'formed to a flank.' We derive17 an accession of strength from the fact that the troops holding Railhead are now available for the general action.
Besides these inducements this road is the shortest way. Buller, therefore, has elected to lose his men and risk defeat—without which risk no victory can be won—-on this line. Whether he will succeed or not were foolish to prophesy19, but it is the common belief that this line offers as good a chance as any other and that at last the army will be given a fair run, and permitted to begin a general engagement and fight it out to the end. If Buller goes in and wins he will have accomplished20 a wonderful feat18 of arms, and will gain the lasting21 honour and gratitude22 of his country. If he is beaten he will deserve the respect and sympathy of all true soldiers as a man who has tried to the best of his ability to perform a task for which his resources were inadequate23. I hasten to return to the chronicle. Hussar Hill—so-called because a small post of the 13th Hussars was surprised on it six weeks ago and lost two men killed—is the high ground opposite Hlangwani and the mountainous ridges24 called Monte Cristo and Cingolo, on which the Artillery must be posted to prepare the attack. Hence the reconnaissance of the 12th.
At eight o'clock—we never get up early in this war—Lord Dundonald started from the cavalry camp near Stuart's Farm with the South African Light Horse, the Composite Regiment25, Thorneycroft's Mounted Infantry, the Colt Battery, one battalion5 of Infantry, the Royal Welsh Fusiliers, and a battery of Field Artillery. The Irregular Horse were familiar with the ground, and we soon occupied Hussar Hill, driving back a small Boer patrol which was watching it, and wounding two of the enemy. A strong picket26 line was thrown out all round the captured ground and a dropping musketry fire began at long range with the Boers, who lay hidden in the surrounding dongas. At noon Sir Redvers Buller arrived, and made a prolonged reconnaissance of the ground with his telescope. At one o'clock we were ordered to withdraw, and the difficult task of extricating27 the advanced pickets28 from close contact with the enemy was performed under a sharp fire, fortunately without the loss of a man.
After you leave Hussar Hill on the way back to Chieveley camp it is necessary to cross a wide dip of ground. We had withdrawn29 several miles in careful rearguard fashion, the guns and the battalion had gone back, and the last two squadrons were walking across this dip towards the ridge7 on the homeward side. Perhaps we had not curled in our tail quite quick enough, or perhaps the enemy has grown more enterprising of late, in any case just as we were reaching the ridge a single shot was fired from Hussar Hill, and then without more ado a loud crackle of musketry burst forth31. The distance was nearly two thousand yards, but the squadrons in close formation were a good target. Everybody walked for about twenty yards, and then without the necessity of an order broke into a brisk canter, opening the ranks to a dispersed formation at the same time. It was very dry weather, and the bullets striking between the horsemen raised large spurts32 of dust, so that it seemed that many men must surely be hit. Moreover, the fire had swelled33 to a menacing roar. I chanced to be riding with Colonel Byng in rear, and looking round saw that we had good luck. For though bullets fell among the troopers quite thickly enough, the ground two hundred yards further back was all alive with jumping dust. The Boers were shooting short.
We reached the ridge and cover in a minute, and it was very pretty to see these irregular soldiers stop their horses and dismount with their carbines at once without any hesitation34. Along the ridge Captain Hill's Colt Battery was drawn30 up in line, and as soon as the front was clear the four little pink guns began spluttering furiously. The whole of the South African Light Horse dismounted and, lining35 the ridge, opened fire with their rifles. Thorneycroft's Mounted Infantry came into line on our left flank, and brought two tripod Maxims36 into action with them. Lord Dundonald sent back word to the battery to halt and fire over our heads, and Major Gough's Regiment and the Royal Welsh Fusiliers, who had almost reached cover, turned round of their own accord and hurried eagerly in the direction of the firing, which had become very loud on both sides.
There now ensued a strange little skirmish, which would have been a bloody37 rifle duel38 but for the great distance which separated the combatants and for the cleverness with which friends and foes39 concealed40 and sheltered themselves. Not less than four hundred men on either side were firing as fast as modern rifles will allow. Between us stretched the smooth green dip of ground. Beyond there rose the sharper outlines of Hussar Hill, two or three sheds, and a few trees. That was where the Boers were. But they were quite invisible to the naked eye, and no smoke betrayed their positions. With a telescope they could be seen—a long row of heads above the grass. We were equally hidden. Still their bullets—a proportion of their bullets—found us, and I earnestly trust that some of ours found them. Indeed there was a very hot fire, in spite of the range. Yet no one was hit. Ah, yes, there was one, a tall trooper turned sharply on his side, and two of his comrades carried him quickly back behind a little house, shot through the thigh41. A little further along the firing line another was being helped to the rear. The Colt Battery drew the cream of the fire, and Mr. Garrett, one of the experts sent out by the firm, was shot through the ankle, but he continued to work his gun. Captain Hill walked up and down his battery exposing himself with great delight, and showing that he was a very worthy42 representative of an Irish constituency.
I happened to pass along the line on some duty or other when I noticed my younger brother, whose keen desire to take some part in the public quarrel had led me, in spite of misgivings43, to procure44 him a lieutenancy45, lying on the ground, with his troop. As I approached I saw him start in the quick, peculiar46 manner of a stricken man. I asked him at once whether he was hurt, and he said something—he thought it must be a bullet—had hit him on the gaiter and numbed47 his leg. He was quite sure it had not gone in, but when we had carried him away we found—as I expected—that he was shot through the leg. The wound was not serious, but the doctors declared he would be a month in hospital. It was his baptism of fire, and I have since wondered at the strange caprice which strikes down one man in his first skirmish and protects another time after time. But I suppose all pitchers48 will get broken in the end. Outwardly I sympathised with my brother in his misfortune, which he mourned bitterly, since it prevented him taking part in the impending49 battle, but secretly I confess myself well content that this young gentleman should be honourably50 out of harm's way for a month.
It was neither our business nor our pleasure to remain and continue this long-range duel with the Boers. Our work for the day was over, and all were anxious to get home to luncheon51. Accordingly, as soon as the battery had come into action to cover our withdrawal we commenced withdrawing squadron by squadron and finally broke off the engagement, for the Boers were not inclined to follow further. At about three o'clock our loss in this interesting affair was one officer, Lieutenant52 John Churchill, and seven men of the South African Light Horse wounded and a few horses. Thorneycroft's Mounted Infantry also had two casualties, and there were two more in the Colt detachments. The Boers were throughout invisible, but two days later when the ground was revisited we found one dead burgher—so that at any rate they lost more heavily than we. The Colt guns worked very well, and the effect of the fire of a whole battery of these weapons was a marked diminution53 in the enemy's musketry. They were mounted on the light carriages patented by Lord Dundonald, and the advantage of these in enabling the guns to be run back by hand, so as to avoid exposing the horses, was very obvious.
I shall leave the great operation which, as I write, has already begun, to another letter, but since gaiety has its value in these troublous times let the reader pay attention to the story of General Hart and the third-class shot. Major-General Hart, who commands the Irish Brigade, is a man of intrepid54 personal courage—indeed, to his complete contempt for danger the heavy losses among his battalions, and particularly in the Dublin Fusiliers, must be to some extent attributed. After Colenso there were bitter things said on this account. But the reckless courage of the General was so remarkable55 in subsequent actions that, being brave men themselves, they forgave him everything for the sake of his daring. During the first day at Spion Kop General Hart discovered a soldier sitting safely behind a rock and a long way behind the firing line.
'Good afternoon, my man,' he said in his most nervous, apologetic voice; 'what are you doing here?'
'Sir,' replied the soldier, 'an officer told me to stop here, sir.'
'Oh! Why?'
'I'm a third-class shot, sir.'
'Dear me,' said the General after some reflection, 'that's an awful pity, because you see you'll have to get quite close to the Boers to do any good. Come along with me and I'll find you a nice place,' and a mournful procession trailed off towards the most advanced skirmishers.
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1
natal
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| adj.出生的，先天的 | |
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penetrate
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| v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解 | |
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withdrawal
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| n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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battalion
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| n.营；部队；大队(的人) | |
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battalions
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| n.（陆军的）一营（大约有一千兵士）( battalion的名词复数 )；协同作战的部队；军队；（组织在一起工作的）队伍 | |
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7
ridge
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| n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭 | |
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8
infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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9
grassy
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| adj.盖满草的；长满草的 | |
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eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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12
trenches
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| 深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕 | |
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judicious
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| adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的 | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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derive
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| v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自 | |
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18
feat
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| n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的 | |
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19
prophesy
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| v.预言；预示 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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lasting
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| adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持 | |
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gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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inadequate
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| adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的 | |
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24
ridges
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| n.脊( ridge的名词复数 )；山脊；脊状突起；大气层的)高压脊 | |
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25
regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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picket
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| n.纠察队；警戒哨；v.设置纠察线；布置警卫 | |
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27
extricating
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| v.使摆脱困难，脱身( extricate的现在分词 ) | |
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pickets
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| 罢工纠察员( picket的名词复数 ) | |
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29
withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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32
spurts
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| 短暂而突然的活动或努力( spurt的名词复数 )； 突然奋起 | |
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33
swelled
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| 增强( swell的过去式和过去分词 )； 肿胀； （使）凸出； 充满（激情） | |
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34
hesitation
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| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
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35
lining
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| n.衬里，衬料 | |
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36
maxims
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| n.格言，座右铭( maxim的名词复数 ) | |
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bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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duel
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| n./v.决斗；(双方的)斗争 | |
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39
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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40
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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41
thigh
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| n.大腿；股骨 | |
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42
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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43
misgivings
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| n.疑虑，担忧，害怕；疑虑，担心，恐惧( misgiving的名词复数 )；疑惧 | |
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44
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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45
lieutenancy
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| n.中尉之职，代理官员 | |
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46
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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47
numbed
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| v.使麻木，使麻痹( numb的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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48
pitchers
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| 大水罐( pitcher的名词复数 ) | |
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49
impending
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| a.imminent, about to come or happen | |
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50
honourably
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| adv.可尊敬地，光荣地，体面地 | |
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51
luncheon
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| n.午宴，午餐，便宴 | |
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52
lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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53
diminution
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| n.减少；变小 | |
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54
intrepid
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| adj.无畏的，刚毅的 | |
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55
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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