The Rift Valley from the Kikuyu Escarpment.
Another hour or so and Lake Naivasha comes into view. This sheet of water is about ten miles square, and the rim19 of a submerged crater16 makes an odd, crescent-shaped island in its midst. Its brackish20 waters repel21 the inhabitants, but afford shelter to numberless wild-fowl and many hippopotami. At Naivasha there is the Government stock farm. One may see in their various flocks the native sheep, the half-bred English, the three-quarter-bred, etc. The improvement is amazing. The native sheep is a hairy animal, looking to the unpractised eye more like a goat than a sheep. Crossed with Sussex or Australian blood, his 68 descendant is transformed into a woolled beast of familiar aspect. At the next cross the progeny23 is almost indistinguishable from the pure-bred English in appearance, but better adapted to the African sun and climate. It is the same with cattle. In the first generation the hump of the African ox vanishes. In the second he emerges a respectable British Shorthorn. The object of this farm is twofold: first, to find the type best adapted to local conditions; secondly24, to supply the settlers and the natives with a steadily broadening fountain of good blood by which their flocks and herds25 may be trebled and quadrupled in value. The enthusiasm and zeal26 of those in charge of this work were refreshing27. At present, however, their operations are restricted by insufficient28 funds and by the precautions which must be taken against East Coast fever. The first of these impediments may be removed; the second is less tractable29.
East Coast fever came across the German border a year and a half ago, and since then, in spite of such preventive measures as our scanty30 means allow, it has been gradually and slowly spreading through the Protectorate. A diseased cow may take thirty days to die. 69 In the meantime wherever it goes the swarming31 ticks are infected. They hold their poison for a year. If, during that time, other cattle pass over the ground the ticks fasten upon them and inoculate32 them with the sickness. And each new victim wanders off to spread the curse to new ticks, who cast it back to new cattle, and so on till the end of the story. At each point fresh areas of ground become distempered, and fresh cows begin to drop off one by one, leaving their evil inheritance to the ravening33 insects.
Government Farm at Naivasha.
So here we see the two principles of Nature at work simultaneously—the blood-stock rams34 and bulls spreading their healthy, fruitful life in ever-widening circles through the land; the infected cattle carrying their message of death in all directions. Every point that either attains35, becomes at once a new centre of vitality36 or dissolution. Both processes march deliberately37 forward to limitless multiplications38. The native is helpless in the face of advancing ruin. Left to itself the evil would assuredly devour40 the good, till the cattle were exterminated41 and the sickness starved to death for lack of prey42. But at this moment the white biped with faculties43 of ratiocination44 70 intervenes from the tin-roofed Department of Agriculture; discovers, for instance, that ground may be purified by putting upon it sheep, into whom the ticks discharge their poison harmlessly and are thereafter purged45; erects46 hundreds of miles of wire fencing to cut the country up into compartments47, as a warship48 is divided by bulkheads; encloses infected areas; destroys suspected animals; searches methodically and ever more hopefully for prophylactics49 and remedies; with one hand arrests the curse, with the other speeds the blessing50, and in so doing is surely discharging rather an important function from a good many points of view.
My friends and I took four days in travelling to the Victoria Nyanza, although the distance can be covered in twenty-four hours; for we turned aside every day for sport or business, while our train waited obligingly in a siding. Of the latter, indeed, there was no lack, for the Governor and the heads of several departments were in the train, and we laboured faithfully together at many prickly things. Then at the stations came farmers, surveyors, and others, with words of welcome or complaint, and a deputation of Boer settlers with 71 many expressions of loyalty51 to the Crown, and the chiefs of the Lumbwa and Nandi tribes, with a crowd of warriors52, and their Laibon with his four wives, all in a row, till I was as tired of making "brief and appropriate" speeches as my companions must have been of hearing them.
The Laibon's Wives.
Railhead at Kisumu.
But Elmenteita was all holiday. Lord Delamere met us at the station with Cape54 carts, ponies55, and hog-spears, and we drove off in search of pig over an enormous plain thickly peopled with antelope56 and gazelle. I cannot pretend to the experience of both countries necessary to compare the merits of pig-sticking in India and in East Africa in respect of the fighting qualities of the animal, nor the ground over which he is pursued. But I should think the most accomplished57 member of the Meerut Tent Club would admit that the courage and ferocity of the African wart-hog, and the extreme roughness of the country, heaped as it is with boulders58 and pitted with deep ant-bear holes concealed60 by high grass, make pig-sticking in East Africa a sport which would well deserve his serious and appreciative61 attention. At present it is in its infancy62, and very few even of the officers of the King's African 72 Rifles can boast the proficiency63 of the Indian expert. But everything in East Africa is at its first page; and besides, the wart-hog is, at present at any rate, regarded as dangerous vermin who does incredible damage to native plantations64, and whose destruction—by any method, even the most difficult—is useful as well as exciting.
Our first pig was a fine fellow, who galloped66 off with his tail straight up in the air and his tusks67 gleaming mischievously68, and afforded a run of nearly three miles before he was killed. The risk of the sport consists in this—that the pig cannot be overtaken and effectively speared except by a horse absolutely at full gallop65. The ground is so trappy that one hardly cares to take one's eyes off it for a moment. Yet during at least a hundred yards at a time the whole attention of the rider must be riveted69 on the pig, within a few yards of whom he is riding, and who may be expected to charge at any second. A fall at such a climax70 is necessarily very dangerous, as the wart-hog would certainly attack the unhorsed cavalier; yet no one can avoid the chance. I do not know whether Anglo-India will shudder71, but I should certainly recommend the intending hunter in 73 East Africa to strap72 a revolver on his thigh73 in case of accidents. "You do not want it often," as the American observed; "but when you do, you want it badly."
We passed a jolly morning riding after these brutes74 and shooting a few Gazella Granti and Gazella Thomsoni, or "Grants" and "Tommies" as they are familiarly called, and in looking for eland in the intervals75. At the end of Lake Elmenteita, a beautiful sheet of water, unhappily brackish, a feast had been prepared, to which a number of gentlemen from Lord Delamere's estates and the surrounding farms had been bidden. A long array of flocks and herds was marshalled on both sides of the track in due order, native-bred, half-bred, three-quarter-bred, pure. Through these insignia of patriarchal wealth, which would have excited the keenest interest in any traveller less hungry and more instructed in such matters than I, we made our way to an excellent luncheon76, which, be sure, was not unaccompanied by the usual discussion on East African politics.
It was late in the afternoon when we started back to the train, which lay eight miles off in a siding. On the way we fell in with a most 74 fierce and monstrous77 pig, who led us a nice dance through bush and grass and boulder59. As he emerged into a patch of comparatively smooth, open ground I made up my mind to spear him, urged my pony78 to her top speed, and was just considering how best to do the deed when, without the slightest provocation79, or, at any rate, before he had been even pricked80, the pig turned sharp round and sprang at me, as if he were a leopard81. Luckily, my spear got in the way, and with a solid jar, which made my arm stiff for a week, drove deep into his head and neck before it broke, so that he was glad to sheer off with eighteen inches of it sticking in him, and after a dash at my companion he took refuge in a deep hole, from which no inducements or insults could draw him.
Later we rode and killed another pig and chased a fourth unsuccessfully, and it was nearly dark before the railway was reached. As I was getting into my carriage they calmly told me that six lions had walked across the line a quarter of a mile away and a quarter of an hour before. A settler who had been to lunch at Elmenteita was loading a hastily-borrowed revolver before starting on his homeward 75 ride to Nakuru, and as I gave him some cartridges82, I reflected that, whatever may be the shortcomings of East Africa, the absence of an interesting and varied83 fauna84 is certainly not among them.
Next day our train is climbing through dense85 and beautiful forests to the summit of the Mau Escarpment. Admiration86 of the wealth and splendour of the leafy kingdom is mingled87 with something very like awe88 at its aggressive fertility. The great trees overhang the line. The creepers trail down the cuttings, robing the red soil with cloaks of flowers and foliage89. The embankments are already covered. Every clearing is densely90 overgrown with sinuous91 plants. But for the ceaseless care with which the whole line is scraped and weeded it would soon become impassable. As it is, the long fingers of the encroaching forest are everywhere stretching out enviously92 towards the bright metals. Neglect the Uganda Railway for a year, and it would take an expedition to discover where it had run.
At Nyoro station nearly nine hundred natives were at work cutting timber for the railway, which is entirely93 dependent on wood fuel. The contractor94 in charge, a young 76 English gentleman, who was described to me as being a model employer of native labour in Government contracts, had taken the trouble to cut a path through the forest across a loop of the line in order that I might see what it was like inside. Through this leafy tunnel, about a mile and a half long, we all accordingly dived. There was nothing sinister95 in the aspect of this forest, for all its density96 and confusion. The great giants towered up magnificently to a hundred and fifty feet. Then came the ordinary forest trees, much more thickly clustered. Below this again was a layer of scrub and bushes; and under, around, and among the whole flowed a vast sea of convolvulus-looking creeper. Through all this four-fold veil the sunlight struggled down every twenty yards or so in gleaming chequers of green and gold.
On the way the method of fuel-cutting is explained. So far as the labourer is concerned, it is an elaborate system of piece-work, very accurately97 and fairly adjusted, and, as is so often the case where the white employer takes personal care of his men, there appeared to be no difficulty in finding any number of natives. But they are a plaguey company. Few will 77 stay for more than a month or two, however satisfied they may be with their work and its rewards; and just as they begin to get skilful98, off they go to their villages to cultivate their gardens and their families, promising99 to come back another year, or after the harvest, or at some other remote and indefinite date. And meanwhile the railway must have its fuel every day and day after day, with the remorseless monotony of the industrial machine.
But what a way to cut fuel! A floating population of clumsy barbarians100 pecking at the trees with native choppers more like a toy hoe than an axe101, and carrying their loads when completed a quarter of a mile on their heads to the wood-stack, while the forest laughs at the feebleness of man. I made a calculation. Each of the nine hundred natives employed costs on the whole six pounds a year. The price of a steam tree-felling plant, with a mile of mono-rail tram complete, is about five hundred pounds. The interest and sinking fund on this capital outlay102 represent the wages of four natives, to which must be added the salary of a competent white engineer, equal to the wage of forty natives, 78 and the working expenses and depreciation103 roughly estimated at the wage of twenty natives more; in all the wage of sixty-five natives. Such a plant, able to cut trees six feet in diameter through in four or five minutes, to cut timber as well as fuel, to saw it into the proper lengths for every purpose with the utmost rapidity, and to transport it by whole truck-loads when sawn to the railway siding, would accomplish a week's work of the sixty-five natives it replaced in a single day, and effect a sevenfold multiplication39 of power. It is no good trying to lay hold of Tropical Africa with naked fingers. Civilization must be armed with machinery104 if she is to subdue105 these wild regions to her authority. Iron roads, not jogging porters; tireless engines, not weary men; cheap power, not cheap labour; steam and skill, not sweat and fumbling106: there lies the only way to tame the jungle—more jungles than one.
On this we talked—or at least I talked—while we scrambled107 across the stumps108 of fallen trees or waded109 in an emerald twilight110 from one sunbeam to another across the creeper flood. It is of vital importance that these forests should not be laid waste by reckless 79 and improvident111 hands. It is not less important that the Uganda Railway should have cheap fuel. For a long time fuel alone was the object, but now that an elaborate Forestry112 Department has been established on the most scientific lines, there is a danger that forestry will be the only object, and the cost of fuel so raised by regulations, admirable in themselves, that the economy of the Uganda Railway may be impaired113. And let us never forget that the Uganda Railway is the driving-wheel of the whole concern. What is needed here, as elsewhere, is a harmonious114 compromise between opposite and conflicting interests. That is all.
Presently our guide began to tell us of the strange creatures who live in the forest, and are sometimes seen quite close by the fuel-cutters—very rare antelope, enormous buffaloes115, and astonishing birds and butterflies beyond imagination. He had managed to make friends with the Wandorobo—a tribe of forest-dwelling116 natives who live plunged117 in these impenetrable shades, who are so shy that, if once a stranger does but set eye upon their village, forthwith they abandon it; yet who are at the same time so teased by curiosity that they 80 cannot resist peeping, peeping ever nearer and nearer to the fuel-cutters, until one day commercial relations are established on the basis of sugar for skins. I was just becoming interested in these wood-squirrels when we broke into the hot blaze of the noonday sun beating down on the polished railway track, and had to climb up on to our cowcatcher in order to hurry on to a real steam saw-mill ten miles farther up the line.
As the journey advances, the train mounts steadily higher and the aspect of the country changes. The forest, which has hitherto lapped the line closely on every side, now makes fair division with rolling hills of grass. And there is this extraordinary feature about it: where the forest areas end, they end abruptly. There is no ragged118 belt of trees less thickly grown; no transition. Smooth slopes of grass run up to the very edge of virgin119 forest, just as in England the meadow runs to the edge of the covert120. The effect is to make the landscape surprisingly homelike. It is like travelling through a series of gigantic parks, where the hand of man has for hundreds of years decided121 exactly where trees shall grow and where they shall not. 81
Kavirondo Warriors at Kisumu.
Towards the west great plains are visible, in misty apparition122, through rifts123 in the plateau. At length we arrive at the summit of the escarpment, and stop for luncheon by an indicator124, which registers eight thousand two hundred and ninety feet above the sea-level. Southward rises a hill perhaps five hundred feet above us, from the top of which the waters of the Great Lake can be seen, like the waters of a distant ocean.
Geographically125 we have now reached the culminating point in this long journey. Henceforward, to find our way home, we have only to descend22, guided by the force of gravity, first swiftly along the railroad to the Victoria Lake, then sedately126 with the stream of the Nile to the Mediterranean127. The lofty table-lands of East Africa, with their crisp, chill air and English aspect, must now be left behind—not without many regrets—and the traveller will alight upon a middle world spread at a level of about four thousand feet, in which an entirely different order of conditions prevails. Downward then at thirty miles an hour, along the side of spacious128 valleys, around the shoulders of the hills, across thin-spun iron bridges, through whose girders one glances 82 down at torrents129 flashing far below, onward to the Lake. Within an hour the temperature has sensibly altered. An overcoat is no longer necessary, even if you ride in front of the engine. In two hours the climate is warm and damp with the steamy heat of the Tropics. The freshness has gone out of the air, and in its place is that sense of sultry oppression which precedes the thunderstorms so common at this season of the year.
In order to avoid a hot night on the Lake shore we stopped at Fort Ternan, a placeless name, some forty miles from Kisumu, and rather more than a thousand feet above it. And here the storm which had been brooding all the afternoon over the western face of the Mau Escarpment burst upon us. Even after ten months on the South African veldt I was astonished by its fury. For nearly two hours the thunder crashed and roared in tremendous peals—
"Like water flung from some high crag,
The lightning fell with never a jag,
A river steep and wide,"
while the rain dashed down in sheets of water, one single gust130 of which would drench131 you to the skin. But our train is an effective shelter. 83 We dine comfortably in the midst of the tempest, and afterwards in a cooler atmosphere look up towards repentant132 stars and a tear-stained sky.
At dawn we are at Kisumu. There is a stir of men, a crowded platform, soldiers in order, groups of Indian traders, hundreds of Kavirondo natives in their fullest undress, bunting, and introductions. Large white steamers lie alongside the jetty, and beyond these the waters of the Lake gleam their broad welcome to the sunrise. Kisumu, or Port Florence as it is sometimes called, is the western terminus of the Uganda Railway and the chief port on Lake Victoria. It possesses what I am told is the highest dockyard in the world, and is the place at which all the steamers now plying133 on the Lake have been put together. One eight-hundred-ton cargo134 boat is actually in process of construction, and will be launched in a few months' time to meet the growing traffic of the Nyanza. The station itself is pretty; its trim houses and shady trees, backed against the hills, overlook the wide expanse of Kavirondo Bay and its encircling promontories135. Unluckily, it is unhealthy, for the climate is depressing and the sewage accumulates in the tideless and shallow inlet. Some day one of two things 84 will happen: either the waters of the Victoria Nyanza will be raised by a dam across the Ripon Falls and Kavirondo Bay will be proportionately deepened and cleansed136, or the railway will be deflected137 and prolonged to its natural terminus on the deep waters of the lake at Port Victoria.
The Kavirondo tribe, the greatest in this part of the country, had organized an imposing138 demonstration139. In dense array they lined the road from the station to the Commissioner's house, and our party walked through their midst in a perfect hubbub140 of horns and drums and shrill141 salutations. All the warriors carried their spears, shields, and war-paint, and most of them wore splendid plumes142 of ostrich143 feathers. The Kavirondo are naked and unashamed. Both sexes are accustomed to walk about in the primitive144 simplicity145 of Nature. Their nudity is based not upon mere53 ignorance but reasoned policy. They have a very strong prejudice against the wearing of clothes, which they declare lead to immorality146; and no Kavirondo woman can attire147 herself even in the most exiguous148 raiment without sullying her reputation. They are said to be the most moral of all the tribes dwelling on the Lake shore. It is a pity that Herr Diogenes 85 Teufelsdr?ckh, of the University of Weissnichtwo, did not meet them in his rugged149 wanderings, for they would surely have enabled him to add another page to his monumental work on the functions of the tailor.
Nandi and Kavirondo Warriors at Kisumu.
I wake up the next morning to find myself afloat on a magnificent ship. Its long and spacious decks are as snowy as those of a pleasure yacht. It is equipped with baths, electric light, and all modern necessities. There is an excellent table, also a well-selected library. Smart bluejackets—with ebon faces—are polishing the brasswork; dapper, white-clad British naval150 officers pace the bridge. We are steaming ten miles an hour across an immense sea of fresh water as big as Scotland, and uplifted higher than the summit of Ben Nevis. At times we are in a complete circle of lake and sky, without a sign of land. At others we skirt lofty coasts covered with forest and crowned with distant blue-brown mountains, or thread our course between a multitude of beautiful islands. The air is cool and fresh, the scenery splendid. We might be yachting off the coast of Cornwall in July. We are upon the Equator, in the heart of Africa, and crossing the Victoria Nyanza, four thousand feet above the sea!
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1
rift
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| n.裂口，隙缝，切口；v.裂开，割开，渗入 | |
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geologists
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| 地质学家，地质学者( geologist的名词复数 ) | |
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onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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highland
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| n.(pl.)高地，山地 | |
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6
steadily
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| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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8
downwards
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| adj./adv.向下的（地），下行的（地） | |
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9
slant
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| v.倾斜，倾向性地编写或报道；n.斜面，倾向 | |
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zigzag
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| n.曲折，之字形；adj.曲折的，锯齿形的；adv.曲折地，成锯齿形地；vt.使曲折；vi.曲折前行 | |
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11
majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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panorama
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| n.全景，全景画，全景摄影，全景照片[装置] | |
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misty
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| adj.雾蒙蒙的，有雾的 | |
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volcanic
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| adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的 | |
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craters
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| n.火山口( crater的名词复数 )；弹坑等 | |
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crater
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| n.火山口，弹坑 | |
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looms
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| n.织布机( loom的名词复数 )v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的第三人称单数 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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rim
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| n.(圆物的)边，轮缘；边界 | |
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brackish
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| adj.混有盐的；咸的 | |
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repel
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| v.击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥 | |
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descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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progeny
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| n.后代，子孙；结果 | |
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secondly
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| adv.第二，其次 | |
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herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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insufficient
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| adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的 | |
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tractable
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| adj.易驾驭的；温顺的 | |
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scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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swarming
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| 密集( swarm的现在分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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32
inoculate
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| v.给...接种，给...注射疫苗 | |
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ravening
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| a.贪婪而饥饿的 | |
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rams
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| n.公羊( ram的名词复数 )；(R-)白羊（星）座；夯；攻城槌v.夯实（土等）( ram的第三人称单数 )；猛撞；猛压；反复灌输 | |
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attains
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的第三人称单数 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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vitality
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| n.活力，生命力，效力 | |
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deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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multiplications
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| 增多( multiplication的名词复数 )； 增加； 乘； 繁殖 | |
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multiplication
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| n.增加，增多，倍增；增殖，繁殖；乘法 | |
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devour
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| v.吞没；贪婪地注视或谛听，贪读；使着迷 | |
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exterminated
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| v.消灭，根绝( exterminate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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42
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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43
faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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ratiocination
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| n.推理；推断 | |
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45
purged
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| 清除（政敌等）( purge的过去式和过去分词 )； 涤除（罪恶等）； 净化（心灵、风气等）； 消除（错事等）的不良影响 | |
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46
erects
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| v.使直立，竖起( erect的第三人称单数 )；建立 | |
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47
compartments
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| n.间隔( compartment的名词复数 )；（列车车厢的）隔间；（家具或设备等的）分隔间；隔层 | |
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48
warship
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| n.军舰，战舰 | |
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49
prophylactics
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| n.预防剂( prophylactic的名词复数 )；预防用品；预防法；避孕用品 | |
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50
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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51
loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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52
warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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53
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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54
cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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55
ponies
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| 矮种马，小型马( pony的名词复数 )； ￡25 25 英镑 | |
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56
antelope
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| n.羚羊；羚羊皮 | |
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57
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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58
boulders
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| n.卵石( boulder的名词复数 )；巨砾；（受水或天气侵蚀而成的）巨石；漂砾 | |
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59
boulder
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| n.巨砾；卵石，圆石 | |
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60
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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61
appreciative
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| adj.有鉴赏力的，有眼力的；感激的 | |
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62
infancy
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| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
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63
proficiency
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| n.精通，熟练，精练 | |
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64
plantations
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| n.种植园，大农场( plantation的名词复数 ) | |
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65
gallop
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| v./n.(马或骑马等)飞奔；飞速发展 | |
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66
galloped
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| （使马）飞奔，奔驰( gallop的过去式和过去分词 )； 快速做[说]某事 | |
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67
tusks
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| n.（象等动物的）长牙( tusk的名词复数 )；獠牙；尖形物；尖头 | |
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68
mischievously
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| adv.有害地；淘气地 | |
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69
riveted
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| 铆接( rivet的过去式和过去分词 )； 把…固定住； 吸引； 引起某人的注意 | |
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70
climax
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| n.顶点；高潮；v.(使)达到顶点 | |
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71
shudder
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| v.战粟，震动，剧烈地摇晃；n.战粟，抖动 | |
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72
strap
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| n.皮带，带子；v.用带扣住，束牢；用绷带包扎 | |
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73
thigh
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| n.大腿；股骨 | |
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74
brutes
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| 兽( brute的名词复数 )； 畜生； 残酷无情的人； 兽性 | |
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intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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76
luncheon
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| n.午宴，午餐，便宴 | |
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77
monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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78
pony
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| adj.小型的；n.小马 | |
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79
provocation
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| n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因 | |
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80
pricked
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| 刺，扎，戳( prick的过去式和过去分词 )； 刺伤； 刺痛； 使剧痛 | |
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81
leopard
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| n.豹 | |
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82
cartridges
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| 子弹( cartridge的名词复数 )； （打印机的）墨盒； 录音带盒； （唱机的）唱头 | |
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83
varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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84
fauna
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| n.(一个地区或时代的)所有动物，动物区系 | |
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85
dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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86
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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87
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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88
awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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89
foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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90
densely
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| ad.密集地；浓厚地 | |
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91
sinuous
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| adj.蜿蜒的，迂回的 | |
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92
enviously
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| adv.满怀嫉妒地 | |
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93
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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94
contractor
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| n.订约人，承包人，收缩肌 | |
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95
sinister
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| adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的 | |
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96
density
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| n.密集，密度，浓度 | |
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97
accurately
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| adv.准确地，精确地 | |
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98
skilful
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| (=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的 | |
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99
promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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100
barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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101
axe
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| n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减 | |
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102
outlay
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| n.费用，经费，支出；v.花费 | |
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103
depreciation
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| n.价值低落，贬值，蔑视，贬低 | |
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104
machinery
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| n.(总称)机械，机器；机构 | |
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105
subdue
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| vt.制服，使顺从，征服；抑制，克制 | |
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106
fumbling
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| n. 摸索,漏接 v. 摸索,摸弄,笨拙的处理 | |
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107
scrambled
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| v.快速爬行( scramble的过去式和过去分词 )；攀登；争夺；（军事飞机）紧急起飞 | |
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108
stumps
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| （被砍下的树的）树桩( stump的名词复数 )； 残肢； （板球三柱门的）柱； 残余部分 | |
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109
waded
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| （从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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110
twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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111
improvident
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| adj.不顾将来的，不节俭的，无远见的 | |
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112
forestry
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| n.森林学；林业 | |
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113
impaired
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| adj.受损的；出毛病的；有（身体或智力）缺陷的v.损害，削弱( impair的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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114
harmonious
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| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
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115
buffaloes
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| n.水牛（分非洲水牛和亚洲水牛两种）( buffalo的名词复数 )；（南非或北美的）野牛；威胁；恐吓 | |
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116
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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117
plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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118
ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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119
virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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120
covert
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| adj.隐藏的；暗地里的 | |
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121
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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122
apparition
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| n.幽灵，神奇的现象 | |
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123
rifts
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| n.裂缝( rift的名词复数 )；裂隙；分裂；不和 | |
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124
indicator
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| n.指标；指示物，指示者；指示器 | |
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125
geographically
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| adv.地理学上，在地理上，地理方面 | |
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126
sedately
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| adv.镇静地，安详地 | |
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127
Mediterranean
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| adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的 | |
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128
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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129
torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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130
gust
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| n.阵风，突然一阵（雨、烟等），（感情的）迸发 | |
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131
drench
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| v.使淋透，使湿透 | |
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132
repentant
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| adj.对…感到悔恨的 | |
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133
plying
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的现在分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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134
cargo
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| n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物 | |
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135
promontories
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| n.岬，隆起，海角( promontory的名词复数 ) | |
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136
cleansed
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| 弄干净，清洗( cleanse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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137
deflected
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| 偏离的 | |
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138
imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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139
demonstration
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| n.表明，示范，论证，示威 | |
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140
hubbub
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| n.嘈杂；骚乱 | |
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141
shrill
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| adj.尖声的；刺耳的；v尖叫 | |
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142
plumes
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| 羽毛( plume的名词复数 )； 羽毛饰； 羽毛状物； 升上空中的羽状物 | |
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143
ostrich
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| n.鸵鸟 | |
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144
primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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145
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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146
immorality
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| n. 不道德, 无道义 | |
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147
attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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148
exiguous
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| adj.不足的，太少的 | |
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149
rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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150
naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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