The enemy’s force consisted of about seven thousand men, posted in a strongly-intrenched camp, under General Valencia, one of the bravest and ablest of the Mexican commanders. The object of the commanding general appears to have been to cut off the communications of these detached troops with Santa Anna’s main army, and thus to have them entirely1 at his mercy. For this purpose a portion of the American forces were ordered to move against Valencia’s left flank, and, by occupying strong positions in the villages and on the roads towards the city, to prevent reenforcements from reaching him. In the mean time, to draw the enemy’s attention from this movement, a vigorous onset2 was made upon his front; and as the operations upon his flank were not immediately and fully4 carried out according to the plan, this front demonstration5 assumed the character of a fierce and desperate attack, upon which the fortunes of the day much depended. General Pierce’s brigade formed a part of the force engaged in this latter movement, in which four thousand newly-recruited men, unable to bring their artillery6 to bear, contended against seven thousand disciplined soldiers, protected by intrenchments, and showering round shot and shells against the assailing7 troops.
The ground in front was of the rudest and roughest character. The troops made their way with difficulty over a broken tract8 called the Pedregal, bristling9 with sharp points of rocks, and which is represented as having been the crater10 of a now exhausted11 and extinct volcano. The enemy had thrown out skirmishers, who were posted in great force among the crevices13 and inequalities of this broken ground, and vigorously resisted the American advance; while the artillery of the intrenched camp played upon our troops, and shattered the very rocks over which they were to pass.
General Pierce’s immediate3 command had never before been under such a fire of artillery. The enemy’s range was a little too high, or the havoc14 in our ranks must have been dreadful. In the midst of this fire, General Pierce, being the only officer mounted in the brigade, leaped his horse upon an abrupt15 eminence16, and addressed the colonels and captains of the regiments17, as they passed, in a few stirring words,—reminding them of the honor of their country, of the victory their steady valor19 would contribute to achieve. Pressing forward to the head of the column, he had nearly reached the practicable ground that lay beyond, when his horse slipped among the rocks, thrust his foot into a crevice12, and fell, breaking his own leg, and crushing his rider heavily beneath him.
Pierce’s mounted orderly soon came to his assistance. The general was stunned20, and almost insensible. When partially21 recovered, he found himself suffering from severe bruises22, and especially from a sprain23 of the left knee, which was undermost when the horse came down. The orderly assisted him to reach the shelter of a projecting rock; and as they made their way thither24, a shell fell close beside them and exploded, covering them with earth. “That was a lucky miss,” said Pierce calmly. Leaving him in such shelter as the rock afforded, the orderly went in search of aid, and was fortunate to meet with Dr. Ritchie, of Virginia, who was attached to Pierce’s brigade, and was following in close proximity25 to the advancing column. The doctor administered to him as well as the circumstances would admit. Immediately on recovering his full consciousness, General Pierce had become anxious to rejoin his troops; and now, in opposition26 to Dr. Ritchie’s advice and remonstrances27, he determined29 to proceed to the front.
With pain and difficulty, and leaning on his orderly’s arm, he reached the battery commanded by Captain McGruder, where he found the horse of Lieutenant30 Johnson, who had just before received a mortal wound. In compliance31 with his wishes, he was assisted into the saddle; and, in answer to a remark that he would be unable to keep his seat, “Then,” said the general, “you must tie me on.” Whether his precaution was actually taken is a point upon which authorities differ; but at all events, with injuries so severe as would have sent almost any other man to the hospital, he rode forward into the battle.
The contest was kept up until nightfall, without forcing Valencia’s intrenchment. General Pierce remained in the saddle until eleven o’clock at night. Finding himself, at nine o’clock, the senior officer in the field, he, in that capacity, withdrew the troops from their advanced position, and concentrated them at the point where they were to pass the night. At eleven, beneath a torrent32 of rain, destitute33 of a tent or other protection, and without food or refreshment34, he lay down on an ammunition35 wagon36, but was prevented by the pain of his injuries, especially that of his wounded knee, from finding any repose37. At one o’clock came orders from General Scott to put the brigade into a new position, in front of the enemy’s works, preparatory to taking part in the contemplated38 operations of the next morning. During the night, the troops appointed for that service, under Riley, Shields, Smith, and Cadwallader, had occupied the villages and roads between Valencia’s position and the city; so that, with daylight, the commanding general’s scheme of the battle was ready to be carried out, as it had originally existed in his mind.
At daylight, accordingly, Valencia’s intrenched camp was assaulted. General Pierce was soon in the saddle at the head of his brigade, which retained its position in front, thus serving to attract the enemy’s attention, and divert him from the true point of attack. The camp was stormed in the rear by the American troops, led on by Riley, Cadwallader, and Dimmick; and in the short space of seventeen minutes it had fallen into the hands of the assailants, together with a multitude of prisoners. The remnant of the routed enemy fled towards Churubusco. As Pierce led his brigade in pursuit, crossing the battle-field, and passing through the works that had just been stormed, he found the road and adjacent fields everywhere strewn with the dead and dying. The pursuit was continued until one o’clock, when the foremost of the Americans arrived in front of the strong Mexican positions at Churubusco and San Antonio, where Santa Alma’s army had been compelled to make a stand, and where the great conflict of the day commenced.
General Santa Anna entertained the design of withdrawing his forces towards the city. In order to intercept40 this movement, Pierce’s brigade, with other troops, was ordered to pursue a route by which the enemy could be attacked in the rear. Colonel Noah E. Smith (a patriotic41 American, long resident in Mexico, whose local and topographical knowledge proved eminently42 serviceable) had offered to point out the road, and was sent to summon General Pierce to the presence of the commander-in-chief. When he met Pierce, near Coyacan, at the head of his brigade, the heavy fire of the batteries had commenced. “He was exceedingly thin,” writes Colonel Smith, “worn down by the fatigue43 and pain of the day and night before, and then evidently suffering severely44. Still there was a glow in his eye, as the cannon45 boomed, that showed within him a spirit ready for the conflict.” He rode up to General Scott, who was at this time sitting on horseback beneath a tree, near the church of Coyacan, issuing orders to different individuals of his staff. Our account of this interview is chiefly taken from the narrative46 of Colonel Smith, corroborated47 by other testimony48.
The commander-in-chief had already heard of the accident that befell Pierce the day before; and as the latter approached, General Scott could not but notice the marks of pain and physical exhaustion49 against which only the sturdiest constancy of will could have enabled him to bear up. “Pierce, my dear fellow,” said he,—and that epithet50 of familiar kindness and friendship, upon the battle-field, was the highest of military commendation from such a man,—“you are badly injured; you are not fit to be in your saddle.” “Yes, general, I am,” replied Pierce, “in a case like this.” “You cannot touch your foot to the stirrup,” said Scott. “One of them I can,” answered Pierce. The general looked again at Pierce’s almost disabled figure, and seemed on the point of taking his irrevocable resolution. “You are rash, General Pierce,” said he; “we shall lose you, and we cannot spare you. It is my duty to order you back to St. Augustine.” “For God’s sake, general,” exclaimed Pierce, “don’t say that! This is the last great battle, and I must lead my brigade!” The commander-in-chief made no further remonstrance28, but gave the order for Pierce to advance with his brigade.
The way lay through thick standing51 corn, and over marshy52 ground intersected with ditches, which were filled, or partially so, with water. Over some of the narrower of these Pierce leaped his horse. When the brigade had advanced about a mile, however, it found itself impeded53 by a ditch ten or twelve feet wide, and six or eight feet deep. It being impossible to leap it, General Pierce was lifted from his saddle, and in some incomprehensible way, hurt as he was, contrived54 to wade55 or scramble56 across this obstacle, leaving his horse on the hither side. The troops were now under fire. In the excitement of the battle he forgot his injury, and hurried forward, leading the brigade, a distance of two or three hundred yards. But the exhaustion of his frame, and particularly the anguish57 of his knee,—made more intolerable by such free use of it,— was greater than any strength of nerve, or any degree of mental energy, could struggle against. He fell, faint and almost insensible, within full range of the enemy’s fire. It was proposed to bear him off the field; but, as some of his soldiers approached to lift him, he became aware of their purpose, and was partially revived by his determination to resist it. “No,” said he, with all the strength he had left, “don’t carry me off! Let me lie here!” And there he lay, under the tremendous fire of Churubusco, until the enemy, in total rout39, was driven from the field.
Immediately after the victory, when the city of Mexico lay at the mercy of the American commander, and might have been entered that very night, Santa Anna sent a flag of truce58, proposing an armistice59, with a view to negotiation60 for peace. It cannot be considered in any other light than as a very high and signal compliment to his gallantry in the field that General Pierce was appointed, by the commander-in-chief, one of the commissioners62 on our part, together with General Quitman and General Persifer F. Smith, to arrange the terms of this armistice. Pierce was unable to walk, or to mount his horse without assistance, when intelligence of his appointment reached him. He had not taken off his spurs nor slept an hour, for two nights; but he immediately obeyed the summons, was assisted into the saddle, and rode to Tacubaya, where, at the house of the British consul-general, the American and Mexican commissioners were assembled. The conference began late in the afternoon, and continued till four o’clock the next morning, when the articles were signed. Pierce then proceeded to the quarters of General Worth, in the village of Tacubaya, where he obtained an hour or two of repose.
The expectation of General Scott, that further bloodshed might be avoided by means of the armistice, proved deceptive63. Military operations, after a temporary interruption, were actively64 renewed; and on the 8th of September was fought the bloody65 battle of Molino del Rey, one of the fiercest and most destructive of the war.
In this conflict General Worth, with three thousand troops, attacked and routed fourteen thousand Mexicans, driving them under the protection of the Castle of Chepultepec. Perceiving the obstinacy66 with which the field was contested, the commander-in-chief dispatched an order to General Pierce to advance to the support of General Worth’s division. He moved forward with rapidity; and although the battle was won just as he reached the field, he interposed his brigade between Worth and the retreating enemy, and thus drew upon himself the fire of Chepultepec. A shell came streaming from the castle, and, bursting within a few feet of him, startled his horse, which was near plunging67 over an adjacent precipice68. Continuing a long time under fire, Pierce’s brigade was engaged in removing the wounded and the captured ammunition. While thus occupied, he led a portion of his command to repel69 the attacks of the enemy’s skirmishers.
There remained but one other battle,—that of Chepultepec,—which was fought on the 13th of September. On the preceding day (although the injuries and the over-exertion resulting from previous marches and battles had greatly enfeebled him), General Pierce had acted with his brigade. In obedience70 to orders, it had occupied the field of Molino del Rey. Contrary to expectation, it was found that the enemy’s force had been withdrawn71 from this position. Pierce remained in the field until noon, when, it being certain that the anticipated attack would not take place before the following day, he returned to the quarters of General Worth, which were near at hand. There he became extremely ill, and was unable to leave his bed for the thirty-six hours next ensuing. In the mean time, the Castle of Chepultepec was stormed by the troops under Generals Pillow and Quitman. Pierce’s brigade behaved itself gallantly72, and suffered severely; and that accomplished73 officer, Colonel Ransom74, leading the Ninth Regiment18 to the attack, was shot through the head, and fell, with many other brave men, in that last battle of the war.
The American troops, under Quitman and Worth, had established themselves within the limits of the city, having possession of the gates of Belen and of San Cosma, but, up till nightfall, had met with a vigorous resistance from the Mexicans, led on by Santa Anna in person. They had still, apparently75, a desperate task before them. It was anticipated that, with the next morning’s light, our troops would be ordered to storm the citadel76, and the city of Mexico itself. When this was told to Pierce, upon his sick-bed, he rose, and attempted to dress himself; but Captain Hardcastle, who had brought the intelligence from Worth, prevailed upon him to remain in bed, and not to exhaust his scanty77 strength until the imminence78 of the occasion should require his presence. Pierce acquiesced79 for the time, but again arose, in the course of the night, and made his way to the trenches80, where he reported himself to General Quitman, with whose division was a part of his brigade. Quitman’s share in the anticipated assault, it was supposed, owing to the position which his troops occupied, would be more perilous81 than that of Worth.
But the last great battle had been fought. In the morning, it was discovered that the citadel had been abandoned, and that Santa Anna had withdrawn his army from the city.
There never was a more gallant61 body of officers than those who came from civil life into the army on occasion of the Mexican War. All of them, from the rank of general downward, appear to have been animated82 by the spirit of young knights83, in times of chivalry84, when fighting for their spurs. Hitherto known only as peaceful citizens, they felt it incumbent85 on them, by daring and desperate valor, to prove their fitness to be intrusted with the guardianship86 of their country’s honor. The old and trained soldier, already distinguished87 on former fields, was free to be discreet88 as well as brave; but these untried warriors89 were in a different position, and therefore rushed on perils90 with a recklessness that found its penalty on every battle-field—not one of which was won without a grievous sacrifice of the best blood of America. In this band of gallant men, it is not too much to say, General Pierce was as distinguished for what we must term his temerity91 in personal exposure, as for the higher traits of leadership, wherever there was an opportunity for their display.
He had manifested, moreover, other and better qualities than these, and such as it affords his biographer far greater pleasure to record. His tenderness of heart, his sympathy, his brotherly or paternal92 care for his men, had been displayed in a hundred instances, and had gained him the enthusiastic affection of all who served under his command. During the passage from America, under the tropics, he would go down into the stifling93 air of the hold, with a lemon, a cup of tea, and, better and more efficacious than all, a kind word for the sick. While encamped before Vera Cruz, he gave up his own tent to a sick comrade, and went himself to lodge94 in the pestilential city. On the march, and even on the battle-field, he found occasion to exercise those feelings of humanity which show most beautifully there. And, in the hospitals of Mexico, he went among the diseased and wounded soldiers, cheering them with his voice and the magic of his kindness, inquiring into their wants, and relieving them to the utmost of his pecuniary95 means. There was not a man of his brigade but loved him, and would have followed him to death, or have sacrificed his own life in his general’s defence.
The officers of the old army, whose profession was war, and who well knew what a soldier was and ought to be, fully recognized his merit. An instance of their honorable testimony in his behalf may fitly be recorded here. It was after General Pierce had returned to the United States. At a dinner in the halls of Montezuma, at which forty or fifty of the brave men above alluded96 to were present, a young officer of the New England Regiment was called on for a toast. He made an address, in which he spoke97 with irrepressible enthusiasm of General Pierce, and begged to propose his health. One of the officers of the old line rose, and observed that none of the recently appointed generals commanded more unanimous and universal respect; that General Pierce had appreciated the scientific knowledge of the regular military men, and had acquired their respect by the independence, firmness, and promptitude with which he exercised his own judgment98, and acted on the intelligence derived99 from them. In concluding this tribute of high, but well-considered praise, the speaker very cordially acquiesced in the health of General Pierce, and proposed that it should be drunk standing, with three times three.
General Pierce remained in Mexico until December, when, as the warfare100 was over, and peace on the point of being concluded, he set out on his return. In nine months, crowded full of incident, he had seen far more of actual service than many professional soldiers during their whole lives. As soon as the treaty of peace was signed, he gave up his commission, and returned to the practice of the law, again proposing to spend the remainder of his days in the bosom101 of his family. All the dreams of his youth were now fulfilled; the military ardor102, that had struck an hereditary103 root in his breast, had enjoyed its scope, and was satisfied; and he flattered himself that no circumstances could hereafter occur to draw him from the retirement104 of domestic peace. New Hampshire received him with even more enthusiastic affection than ever. At his departure, he had received a splendid sword at the hands of many of his friends, in token of their confidence; he had shown himself well worthy105 to wear and able to use a soldier’s weapon; and his native state now gave him another, the testimonial of approved valor and warlike conduct.
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1
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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onset
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| n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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demonstration
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| n.表明，示范，论证，示威 | |
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artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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assailing
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| v.攻击( assail的现在分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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tract
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| n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林) | |
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bristling
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| a.竖立的 | |
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crater
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| n.火山口，弹坑 | |
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exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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crevice
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| n.(岩石、墙等)裂缝；缺口 | |
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crevices
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| n.（尤指岩石的）裂缝，缺口( crevice的名词复数 ) | |
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havoc
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| n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱 | |
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abrupt
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| adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的 | |
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eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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regiments
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| （军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物 | |
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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valor
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| n.勇气，英勇 | |
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stunned
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| adj. 震惊的，惊讶的 动词stun的过去式和过去分词 | |
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partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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bruises
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| n.瘀伤，伤痕，擦伤( bruise的名词复数 ) | |
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sprain
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| n.扭伤,扭筋 | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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proximity
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| n.接近，邻近 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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remonstrances
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| n.抱怨，抗议( remonstrance的名词复数 ) | |
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remonstrance
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| n抗议，抱怨 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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compliance
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| n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从 | |
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torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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refreshment
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| n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点 | |
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ammunition
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| n.军火，弹药 | |
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wagon
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| n.四轮马车，手推车，面包车；无盖运货列车 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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contemplated
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| adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式 | |
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rout
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| n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮 | |
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intercept
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| vt.拦截，截住，截击 | |
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patriotic
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| adj.爱国的，有爱国心的 | |
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eminently
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| adv.突出地；显著地；不寻常地 | |
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fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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corroborated
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| v.证实，支持（某种说法、信仰、理论等）( corroborate的过去式 ) | |
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testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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exhaustion
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| n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述 | |
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epithet
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| n.（用于褒贬人物等的）表述形容词，修饰语 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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marshy
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| adj.沼泽的 | |
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impeded
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| 阻碍，妨碍，阻止( impede的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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contrived
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| adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的 | |
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wade
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| v.跋涉，涉水；n.跋涉 | |
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scramble
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| v.爬行，攀爬，杂乱蔓延，碎片，片段，废料 | |
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anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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truce
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| n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束 | |
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armistice
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| n.休战，停战协定 | |
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negotiation
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| n.谈判，协商 | |
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gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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commissioners
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| n.专员( commissioner的名词复数 )；长官；委员；政府部门的长官 | |
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deceptive
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| adj.骗人的，造成假象的，靠不住的 | |
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actively
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| adv.积极地，勤奋地 | |
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bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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66
obstinacy
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| n.顽固；（病痛等）难治 | |
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67
plunging
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| adj.跳进的，突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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68
precipice
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| n.悬崖，危急的处境 | |
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69
repel
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| v.击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥 | |
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70
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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71
withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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72
gallantly
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| adv. 漂亮地，勇敢地，献殷勤地 | |
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73
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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74
ransom
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| n.赎金，赎身；v.赎回，解救 | |
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75
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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76
citadel
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| n.城堡；堡垒；避难所 | |
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77
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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imminence
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| n.急迫，危急 | |
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acquiesced
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| v.默认，默许( acquiesce的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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80
trenches
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| 深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕 | |
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81
perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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83
knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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84
chivalry
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| n.骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤 | |
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85
incumbent
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| adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的 | |
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86
guardianship
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| n. 监护, 保护, 守护 | |
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87
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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88
discreet
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| adj.(言行)谨慎的；慎重的；有判断力的 | |
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warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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temerity
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| n.鲁莽，冒失 | |
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92
paternal
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| adj.父亲的，像父亲的，父系的，父方的 | |
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stifling
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| a.令人窒息的 | |
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94
lodge
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| v.临时住宿，寄宿，寄存，容纳；n.传达室，小旅馆 | |
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95
pecuniary
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| adj.金钱的；金钱上的 | |
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96
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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97
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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99
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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100
warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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101
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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102
ardor
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| n.热情，狂热 | |
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103
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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retirement
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| n.退休，退职 | |
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105
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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