His name was Bertoldo. He was hideously5 ugly, and not very clean in his person; dwarfed6, and deformed7. His eyebrows8 resembled pigs’ bristles9; but his eyes beneath them, gleamed like two torches; his hair was as red as carrots, and if you can fancy humanity caricatured to the very utmost extent, you will not, even then, be able to see with your mind’s eye the never-matched hideousness10 of this rustic11, who set all the court in a roar by entering the great hall where Alboin was presiding, and, without even uncovering, seating himself by the side of the grim husband of Rosamunda.
The Lombard King smiled sourly at his impudence12, and inquired what he was, when he was born, and in what country.
“I am a man,” said the monster; “was born the night my mother bore me; and” (this is something of Ancient Pistol’s phrase, which, indeed, often smacked13 of the fool’s humour or philosophy,) “the world is my native country.” King and court understood, now, with whom they had to do, and they tried his wit by plying14 him with questions,353 “What is the swiftest thing on earth?” asked one. “Thought,” was the reply of Bertoldo. To other questions he replied, that the best wine was the wine drunk in another man’s house; and that the worst fire at home was to be found in an angry wife and an impudent15 servant.
“Bertoldo,” said the King, “could you contrive16 to bring me water in a sieve17 without spilling any?”
“Certainly,” answered the fool; “in a hard frost, I could bring you any quantity.”
“La, you there!” cried Bertoldo, “I shall have nothing of the sort. You cannot give me what you do not possess. I am in eager search of happiness, of which you have not a grain; and how could you give me any?”
Alboin alluded to his kingly power and glory, which the fool mocked mightily19. He pointed20 to the glittering crowds of nobles who stood around his throne. “Oh yes,” was the comment of Bertoldo, “they stand round your throne; so do hungry ants round a crab-apple, and with the same purpose,—to devour21 it.” And therewith he so satirized22 the condition of a King, that Alboin threatened to have him whipped out of court. Some rather sorry jests followed; but as they were rewarded with unaccountable peals23 of laughter, the Lombard lords and ladies may be supposed to have been more merry, or much wiser, than we are. The riotous24 fun was checked for awhile, by the entrance of two women in search of the King and his royal justice. The subject in dispute was a crystal mirror, which was claimed by both, but which had been stolen by one from the other. Alboin, being a most religious as well as gracious King, was, of course, reminded of the Judgment25 of Solomon, and thought he could not do better than imitate it. He first ordered the mirror to be broken into powder, and divided equally between the rival claimants; and then he commanded354 it to be delivered whole to the woman who had expressed regret that so splendid a mirror should be destroyed. The entire court was in ecstasy26 at this rather second-hand27 wisdom of the King, who, with more conceit28 than might have been expected in such a stern personage, looked at Bertoldo and asked something tantamount to whether he was not a second Daniel come to judgment?
“Your excellent mightiness,” observed the fool, “can only be said to be an ass29.” Nevertheless, the King seems to have had the best of it, for Bertoldo simply confined himself to abusing ladies generally, and the two who were lately plaintiff and defendant30, in particular,—as impostors, whose wickedness was past imagining. Thereupon the gallant31 monarch32 burst forth33 into a passionate34 panegyric35 on the entire female sex, dealing36 in warm terms and honeyed phrases, like those in a grand scena, by some enamoured tenore robusto, and which, set to music by a fashionable maestro, and trilled by the darling of the season, would make the fortune of Mr. Chappell, were he only lucky enough to secure the copyright.
“If I don’t make you change your tune37 before tomorrow night’s sleep,” said Bertoldo, “gibbet me as high as Haman.”
“Be it so!” cried Alboin; “by the bones of the Wise Kings, I will keep thee to thy bargain, Sir Wisdom. Look to it.”
Bertoldo flung himself on some straw in the royal stable: he was resolved not to go to sleep till he had provided for his triumph; and in five minutes a chuckle38 of satisfaction was suddenly succeeded by the loudest snore that had ever startled the affrighted ears of the steeds of Alboin the King.
His plan was simple enough; he merely went, in the morning, to the lady who had been so self-denying in the affair of the mirror, and announced to her that the King had issued a decree by which every man was permitted to have seven wives. The announcement had the effect of infuriating355 the lady, and she lost no time in stirring up, not only the women of her own district, but half the city. These repaired, swift of foot and loud of tongue, to the palace, swept through its halls, and rushed into the sacred presence of Alboin himself, who stood before his throne with his hand on his sword, as if in presence of an insurrection. Bertoldo stood in one corner of the vast apartment, with a demure39 and satisfied look, feeling sure of the result.
If the words with which Alboin was pelted40 by the ladies on this occasion be correctly given by the old chronicle, it is clear that freedom of speech was very fearlessly exercised by the remonstrants,—or rather, by the revilers. It was in vain that the King held his hand aloft, and essayed to speak. He was overwhelmed by a hurricane of screams, squalls, screeches42, and reproaches, for issuing the decree in question. One loose-tongued termagant exclaimed above her sisters, that there would have been some sense in him, if he had conferred on every woman the right of taking seven husbands; but to allow every man to have seven wives!!—” and the very idea of such an outrage43 so worked upon the amiable44 furies, that they interrupted the loud speaker by a howl so shrill45, so intense, so exasperating46, that Alboin, after stopping his ears with his gauntleted hands, gave a signal which his guards obeyed by charging the body of remonstrants, and driving them into the streets,—with much attendant ruffling47 of collars and disturbing of stomachers. When the hall was cleared, there remained Bertoldo, looking still demurely48 at the King, and with an inquiring aspect about his expression. Alboin seemed annoyed for a moment; but at length, smiling, he acknowledged that the fool was right, and that women were tigresses.
The revolt of the women, and the share that Bertoldo had had therein, coming to the knowledge of Alboin’s not very gentle Queen, she sent for the jester, who, throughout the interview, kept up with her Majesty49, as was indeed his356 custom in most of the conversations in which he took part, a constant fire of proverbs. As he contrived50 to surpass the royal lady in this species of “capping,” she rather unfairly ordered him, under escort, to carry a letter to certain officials, which letter enjoined52 them to whip the bearer. At Bertoldo’s urgent request, the Queen condescended53 to add a postscript54, whereby the scourgers were directed to spare the head, but by no means to be merciful in an opposite direction. When prisoner and escort reached the gaol55, Bertoldo stepped forward, letter in hand, announced himself as head of the company, and bade the hangman’s lackeys56 to lay lustily on his tail, or followers57. The poor wretches58 were lashed59 till they were raw; and at this practical joke the court laughed, and all that was asked of Bertoldo was, that he should maintain a tournament of words with Alboin’s own official court fool.
This fool’s name, or nickname, was Fagotto. He was short, fat, and bald; and he was the challenger of Bertoldo. When the King acceded60 to his request, and ordered the duel61 of the two fools to take place, he remarked to Fagotto, “Now, proceed; but take heed62 not to resemble Benevento, who went out to shear63, and came home shorn.”
Fagotto replied with a pompous64 boast, and then turning on his rival, assailed65 him with a species of amenities67 like those that used to pass between carnival68 fools on the Paris Boulevards, and before which every decent person fled. From this contest Bertoldo issued triumphant69; but the King again taxed his wit by ordering him to demonstrate in what way, as he had asserted, the daylight was whiter than milk, and stimulated71 him to success by promising72 him the bastinado if he failed.
Bertoldo is said to have proved his assertion by a simple process. Having access everywhere, he entered the King’s bedchamber at night, and closing all the blinds, placed a pail of milk in the middle of the room. Alboin rising in the357 dark, overthrew74 the pail, and then calling lustily for daylight, Bertoldo let the same in upon him, with the remark, that if the milk had been clearer than daylight, he would have seen the former without the aid of the latter. Whereupon Alboin rubbed his shins, shook his head, and supposed his philosophy was wrong.
Bertoldo subsequently had to prove that the royal political system was quite as rickety as the royal philosophy. It seems that the ladies of the capital had united in demanding “their rights.” They insisted on the equality of women and men; and demanded therefore that in all matters of government they should be employed in the same way as their lords had hitherto been, exclusively. Alboin had a soft heart, and was inclined to yield to the request; but Bertoldo offered to show the incapacity of the petitioners75 to fill the offices to which they aspired76, by a trick of his own devising, and according to his own office. He enclosed a bird in a casket, and delivering the same to a deputation of ladies, in the name of the Queen, he informed them that their petition was granted, and that the first official duty confided77 to them was the guardianship78 of this casket. The ladies carried it off, full of delight and promises of fidelity79. But they had no sooner reached the house of one of them, than, after a very little hesitation80, in a fit of intense curiosity, they lifted the lid of the casket, and away flew the treasure.
Their remorse81 was great—not that they had betrayed their trust, but that not one had observed what sort of bird it was; and that consequently their fault was irreparable. In a body, and with the Queen at their head, they presented themselves before the King, imploring82 pardon. As before stated, Alboin had a gentle heart where ladies were in the case; and he granted an unreserved pardon,—much to the disgust of the ungallant Bertoldo, who declared that such a King was not worth rendering83 homage84 to, and that, for his part, he would never bow to him again. Alboin, remembering the threat,358 assembled his court early on the following morning, and ordering the upper part of the open doorway85 to be covered with boards, so that any one entering must necessarily bow to the King, seated opposite, sent for Bertoldo. When the fool arrived, he saw how it was intended to press a stooping homage out of him; but his ready wit amply served him, and swinging suddenly round, he entered the royal presence by “one turn astern!”
The other stories related of Bertoldo, almost do outrage to Romance, as they assuredly do to Reason. Of the more credible86, and yet sufficiently87 silly, jokes, there is not one that is not told of other jesters, and much of both belongs probably to the History of Fiction.
Next to Bertoldo, and far better known to light historians generally, stands joyous88 and unlucky Gonella, the favourite yet ill-treated jester of Borso, Duke of Ferrara, to whose service he was transferred from that of Nicholas, Count of Este, the father of Borso, who died in 1441.
Borso was a coarse fellow, who savoured coarse jokes; and Gonella, despite his own more refined taste, was obliged to supply his patron with that he best liked. Hence the proverb, addressed to one who is too roughly playing the fool, “We are not now in the days of Duke Borso.”
Generally speaking, the Italian fools were more practical in their jokes than witty89 of speech; yet it is not thus we should expect to find them; but it pleased the patrons of fools as well as if it had been divinest wit, admirably spoken. For instance, Borso the Duke had a sick Duchess, and he ordered the then newly-married Gonella to send his wife, that she might amuse the illustrious lady. “She’s as deaf as a stone,” said Gonella,—which was a jester’s lie, told for a purpose,—“and you must roar like a tempest, to make her hear.” The Duke would have her nevertheless, and Gonella, hastening to obey, said to his wife, on despatching her to the palace, “Now, wench, there will be ducats for us if359 you mind my bidding. The Duke is as deaf as a lump of clay. If you would have him hear, you must shout with a voice that would arouse the Seven Sleepers90. Away with you, and do not be afraid to pitch it high.” The consequences may be imagined. When the jester’s wife met the Duke at the bed-side of the sick Duchess, there ensued a dialogue that might have been heard by the guard at the outer gate. Each shouted till the head of the invalid91 throbbed92 again; and she begged her husband to speak lower. “It’s of no use,” said Borso, “the woman’s as deaf as a post.” “Not at all,” answered the wife of Gonella, “it is you who are deaf, if my husband has spoken truth.” Whereupon it was discovered that Gonella had played a trick of his profession; and as no better could be had for the moment, the jest was declared to be excellent. So easily pleased were the illustrious nobles of that day, who depended for a laugh upon practical jokes like the above—if, indeed, the joke be Gonella’s; for a similar story is told of other jesters and their patrons. Perhaps the same may be said of the following, which has certainly been appropriated by various authors.
“For the love of the saints, give a poor blind man alms!”
“Pray pity the poor blind; and Heaven preserve your precious eyesight!”
Thus prayed three blind beggars, as Gonella passed by them to Mass. “Poor fellows!” said the jester, “there is a florin, divide it amongst you.” He gave nothing at all; and as those who stood near smiled, he put his finger on his lips, to enjoin51 silence.
“May Heaven reward you in Paradise!” said the blind men, in chorus;—and a moment after, “Let us share the signor’s charity.” But as neither had any florin, and as no360 one believed that he was not being robbed by his fellows, they fell to savage94 words, and from savage words to blows, fiercely striking at each other with their crutches95 till heads were broken and bleeding; and Gonella passed in to prayers, with the complacent96 comment, “Blessed are the peace-makers!”
Whether it was some such comment or some still worse joke that once angered the Duchess, I cannot say, but he had so offended her that she sent for him to her chamber73, where she had stationed half-a-dozen of her maids, armed with sticks, and with orders to lay on the fool without mercy, as soon as he should appear. Gonella however saw, as soon as the door was opened, what was intended, and he cried out, “Ladies, my back is quite at your service; all the favour I ask is, that the one I kissed last will strike first, and that the most impudent hussey among you will lay on the heaviest.” Taken by surprise, each hesitated to strike; and Gonella tripped away to the echo of the Duchess’s laughter.
That he well deserved the bastinado, is certain, if all be true that is told of his tricks to swindle honest shopkeepers out of goods and money. They were such tricks as no common shop-lifter would now stoop to, nor tradesmen be deceived by; but they earned the unprincipled fool many a scourging97, and they seem to have been held derogatory to his profession, for there is record of a Florentine jester, named Mocceca, remonstrating98 with Gonella on the disgrace brought upon their common vocation99 by his flagrant want of honesty. “If honesty be the most profitable policy,” said Gonella, “by all means let us adopt it.”
That his place was profitable, is pretty clear, from the fact of his betting a hundred crowns with his master, the Duke, that there were more doctors in Ferrara than there were members of any other profession. “Fool,” said Borso, “there are not half-a-dozen to be found in the city Directory.”361 “I will bring you a more correct list in three or four days,” said Gonella; and then the jester went, with his jaws100 bound up, and sat at the church door, and as every one asked him what he ailed66, he answered, “The tooth-ache;” whereupon each questioner prescribed an infallible remedy, and passed on, Gonella writing down his name and address, instead of the prescription101. At length he appeared, still with his jaws bound up, at the table of his master, who, hearing from what he suffered, declared that there was no remedy but extraction. Immediately, the fool put the Duke’s illustrious name on the list of Ferrara doctors, and reckoning them up, counted just three hundred. The great man laughed aloud, and told down his forfeited102 crowns with as much glee as if the joke had been worth paying for. It was at all events a more harmless jest than that which Gonella subsequently played, in return for a practical joke at the hands of the Duke. The latter, finding Gonella’s pony103 in the ducal stable, cut off its tail, and, as a comical revenge, the jester took the Duke’s mule104, and cut off its upper lip. The princely owner was moved to anger, it is said; but when the two animals were paraded before him, their mutilated condition so touched the humane105 prince, that he took Gonella round the neck, and laughed till he was breathless.
That neck itself was soon to suffer; and there seems like retribution in the fact. Borso lay ill, and his medical advisers106 pronounced his case hopeless, because they were too ignorant to cure him. His malady107 was a raging fever. Nature at first helped him a little, and the prince was enabled to repair to a country residence, where his fever settled into a fierce quartan; but he was not prevented from taking exercise. The whole ducal court was in sorrow because of the condition of their rough but not ungenerous master, and no one grieved more than Gonella. The latter heard that the doctors had asserted that nothing but a sudden fright would shake the malady out of the body of the362 prince. But then, who would dare to suddenly frighten such a terrible potentate108 as Borso of Ferrara? No one but the poor fool; and he did it effectually. While walking in the garden with his moody109 master, trying in vain to make him smile, the two came up to a deep lake, where the Duke usually took boat, and as he was about stepping in, Gonella, without a moment’s hesitation, pushed the Duke into the water. Borso roared aloud for succour, screamed in his agony, and cursed the fool, who ultimately, with aid he had prepared, drew him out. Borso was carried to bed, where he fell into such a perspiration110 from his fright and exertion111, that he got rid of his fever, and rose free from any disagreeable symptom except his wrath112 against the jester. The latter was condemned113 to exile, with a sentence of death in case of his being found upon the soil of Ferrara. Gonella went into banishment114, which he bore with so much impatience115, that after a few months he resolved to return,—without incurring116 the threatened consequences. He thus contrived it: filling a cart with the earth of the Paduan district in which he had been sojourning, he rode boldly into Ferrara, where, upon being captured, he pertinaciously117 maintained, as he sat in the cart, that he was still upon the soil of Padua. Roquelaure, the French court wit, is, erroneously, said to have copied this trick, and with better result than was encountered by Gonella. The Duke ordered him to be seized and to be beheaded. “I will only pay fright with fright,” said Borso; “so, when his neck is on the block, let fall upon it, not the axe70, but a drop of water; then bid my fool arise. I shall be glad to congratulate him on his and my recovery.” All was done as the Duke directed. Gonella, made sad for the first time in his life, was solemnly conveyed to the scaffold. All the usual ceremonies of the lugubrious118 drama were then enacted119, and these over, the poor jester, with a shake and a sigh, laid down the old insignia of his office, and, blindfolded120, placed his head upon the block. The executioner363 stepped up, and, from a phial, let fall a single drop of water on the fool’s neck. Then arose a burst of laughter and a clapping of hands, and shouts to Gonella to get up and thank the Duke for the life given him. The fool did not move, and all around laughed the more at the jest which they thought he was perpetuating121. Still he remained motionless; at last the headsman went up to him, and raising Gonella from the ground, discovered that he was dead. The drop of water had had all the effect of the sharpest axe; and the spectators went home repeating to one another, “A shocking bad joke, indeed!”
Such was the end of Gonella, a man proud of his family name. It is a name not unknown to our own times, and it is borne by an individual of higher dignity than the Florentine fool. Monseigneur de Gonella is the Papal Nuncio at Brussels, and there is now wisdom in the family, as well as wit.
Again, a practical joke had once wellnigh killed Menicucci, the jester to the Grand Duke Ferdinand I., in Florence. Ferdinand loved to surround himself with men who could in any way administer to his enjoyment122, and Menicucci, who dubbed123 himself Count, took up the office of parasite124 and fool, that he might be in continual intercourse125 with the aristocracy. One of his follies126 was in the conviction he entertained, that there was not a corner of the globe in which his name and fame were not known; and that Kings and Emperors were dying of envy to make his acquaintance. In the Grand Duke’s household he never permitted any official to take precedence of him; and, as indicative of his superiority, he once mounted to the top of a high closet in the great stone hall of the palace, where he insisted that the pages should serve him at dinner. They humoured him for awhile; but while the mock Count was finishing his repast, they carried off the ladder by which he had mounted, filled the hall with damp straw, to which they set fire, and would364 have left the screaming fool to be suffocated127, but for the Archduke, who, hearing his cries, went to his assistance, and after enjoying the joke for awhile, ordered the choking “Count” to be released.
Ferdinand had a fool of quite another quality in the person of Ciajesius, who was a melancholy128 and serious fool, addicted129 to gloomy prophesying130 and solemn admonishings, rather than to quips and jests, like his fellow-professors. As he was well acquainted with Latin, the Grand Duke appointed him to the office of tutor to his young sons, that they might learn the language from him colloquially131. When he laid down his more respectable vocation, he asked permission to proceed to Padua, to take the degree of Doctor of Laws. Ferdinand refused, on the ground that the dignity would be lowered by its being conferred, by favour or otherwise, on a court fool. But Ciajesius contrived to escape to “learned Padua,” where he submitted to examination, and returned to Florence triumphantly132 with his diploma. Ferdinand roughly reproached the authorities of the University, for making a doctor of his fool, and thereby133 a fool of the Grand Duke. They replied that the profession of the candidate was entirely134 unknown to them; and that they did not remember any one having passed more creditably through his examination.
Ferdinand would have preferred a fool to a philosopher, like Gian Andrea Doria of Genoa, who once being ill, and condemned to take some very disagreeable remedies, and to adopt a very unpalatable diet, summoned his jester Feo to his room, and ordered him to take the same remedies and follow the same course of diet as his ducal master. “Why, master,” said Feo, “you are like the condemned in the infernal regions, who want everybody to suffer just what they do themselves. I beg to be excused.” “No, no, merry friend,” said the Doge, “you ate and drank of the best with me when I was well, and you shall even share the same fare365 that I have, being ill.” And accordingly Feo was obliged to swallow many a detestable potion; and the mighty135 but nervous Doge could find delight in the torture and embarrassments136 to which he exposed his fool.
There is more matter for astonishment in the subject in which great men could find amusement. Vincentius, Duke of Mantua, when he received Frederick, Duke of Wirtemberg, at his castle, in the year 1600, could think of nothing better wherewith to amuse his princely guest, after a day’s hard hunting, than to make sport with his jester. On the latter, armed with sword and stick, and placed within improvised137 lists, was let loose a young wild boar, deprived of his tusks138 and upper teeth, but still a dangerous adversary139 to encounter. The illustrious spectators roared with delight at seeing first the fool, then the boar, down. Now the jester was uppermost, now his savage enemy was on the top of him; anon they were rolling over and over; and it was impossible to say which had the best of it. The boar, all deprived as he was of his chief weapons, would probably have overcome the fool; but the latter was carried off with bloody140 cockscomb, for which sorry plaister was provided in the laughter, applause, and pistoles awarded him by his refined patrons.
The Wirtembergian Duke had a fool of his own, named Jeronimo, a Spaniard, who was not so careful of his pistoles as Feo. He was an inveterate141 gambler, and at one sitting lost 4000 crowns, a sufficient proof that his profession was not always an unprofitable one. The rage for play was so strong upon him, that he once agreed, in case of his being a loser, that his adversary should take aim at him with a crossbow, and discharge a certain number of little pointed darts142 at his head. He came off a little injured, but he was used to rough treatment, and when the weather was too inclement143 for hunting, his master would turn him into his court-yard, and there he formed an object of chase and366 assault for august princes and lofty nobles, who pelted him with unsavoury eggs and fruit, while the jester, in a paper helmet, and with a wooden sword, excited general shouts of laughter by his vapouring, screaming, and mock airs of defiance144.
After all these practical jokes, we are glad to come upon that rare thing in an Italian jester, namely, wit. The sample of it which I have now to furnish is well known, indeed, but it is said to have originally belonged to a Pavian jester, who, when the surgeons and the doctors of law were at loggerheads on a question of precedents145, suggested to the Duke of Milan, who asked his counsel, that the matter was easy enough of settlement. “When a murderer,” said he, “goes to execution, he always walks before the hangman; so here, the surgeons ought to precede the doctors of law.”
The slyest hint made against the want of wit in an Italian jester, was that of Cardinal146 Perron to the Duke of Mantua. “Your Highness’s fool,” said he, “has the most stupendous wit I ever heard of; for he gains a livelihood147 by a profession he does not understand.”
Patrons and jesters were, indeed, often worthy148 of each other. When Dante was a fugitive149, and was received at the court of Cane41 della Scala, he found there a host of jugglers, singers, and jesters, the latter of whom, especially, did not spare the almost friendless poet. “How comes it?” asked one of him, at his lord’s table, “that you, who are accounted such a wise and learned man, are such a poor devil, while I, who am but a fool, am rich, and well cared for?” “There is nothing wonderful therein,” answered Dante, calmly; “when I find a patron whose sentiments are in accordance with mine, as you have found one who very much resembles you, then, like you, my merry friend, I shall be rich and well cared for too.”
Dante was not wrong in comparing Cane della Scala367 with the fool, for that great personage often played fool’s tricks on the poet himself. On one occasion, at a banquet, Cane ordered the bones left from the feast to be quietly deposited beneath the seat of Dante. When the company arose, there was a universal shout of laughter at the strange heap then visible to all. Dante was not disconcerted. “Truly,” said he, “it is nothing wonderful that the dog (Canis) hath gnawed150 his bones; but I am no dog, and have nothing to do with these.” And therewith he walked proudly away.
Milan, like Verona, had its jesters at court, but the only incident therewith worth repeating is, that at the court of Duke Francis Sforza, the fool Marchesina bore so striking a resemblance to the Duke’s son-in-law, Malatesta, that it was thought necessary always to send Marchesina out of Milan whenever Malatesta repaired thither151 on a visit.
From the Italian jesters we will, if my readers please, pass finally to those of households where we might least expect to find them, unless Scripture152 could give warrant for their employment,—namely, priestly households where fools found homes.
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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hideously
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| adv.可怕地，非常讨厌地 | |
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dwarfed
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| vt.（使）显得矮小（dwarf的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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deformed
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| adj.畸形的；变形的；丑的，破相了的 | |
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eyebrows
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| 眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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bristles
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| 短而硬的毛发，刷子毛( bristle的名词复数 ) | |
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hideousness
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rustic
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| adj.乡村的，有乡村特色的；n.乡下人，乡巴佬 | |
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impudence
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| n.厚颜无耻；冒失；无礼 | |
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smacked
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| 拍，打，掴( smack的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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plying
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的现在分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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impudent
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| adj.鲁莽的，卑鄙的，厚颜无耻的 | |
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contrive
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| vt.谋划，策划；设法做到；设计，想出 | |
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sieve
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| n.筛，滤器，漏勺 | |
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boon
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| n.恩赐，恩物，恩惠 | |
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19
mightily
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| ad.强烈地；非常地 | |
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20
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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21
devour
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| v.吞没；贪婪地注视或谛听，贪读；使着迷 | |
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22
satirized
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| v.讽刺，讥讽( satirize的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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23
peals
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| n.（声音大而持续或重复的）洪亮的响声( peal的名词复数 )；隆隆声；洪亮的钟声；钟乐v.（使）（钟等）鸣响，（雷等）发出隆隆声( peal的第三人称单数 ) | |
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24
riotous
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| adj.骚乱的；狂欢的 | |
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25
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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26
ecstasy
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| n.狂喜，心醉神怡，入迷 | |
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27
second-hand
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| adj.用过的，旧的，二手的 | |
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28
conceit
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| n.自负，自高自大 | |
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29
ass
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| n.驴；傻瓜，蠢笨的人 | |
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30
defendant
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| n.被告；adj.处于被告地位的 | |
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31
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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32
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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33
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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34
passionate
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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35
panegyric
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| n.颂词，颂扬 | |
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36
dealing
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| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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37
tune
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| n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整 | |
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38
chuckle
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| vi.／n.轻声笑，咯咯笑 | |
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39
demure
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| adj.严肃的；端庄的 | |
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40
pelted
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| （连续地）投掷( pelt的过去式和过去分词 )； 连续抨击； 攻击； 剥去…的皮 | |
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41
cane
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| n.手杖，细长的茎，藤条；v.以杖击，以藤编制的 | |
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42
screeches
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| n.尖锐的声音( screech的名词复数 )v.发出尖叫声( screech的第三人称单数 )；发出粗而刺耳的声音；高叫 | |
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43
outrage
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| n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒 | |
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44
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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45
shrill
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| adj.尖声的；刺耳的；v尖叫 | |
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46
exasperating
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| adj. 激怒的 动词exasperate的现在分词形式 | |
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47
ruffling
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| 弄皱( ruffle的现在分词 )； 弄乱； 激怒； 扰乱 | |
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48
demurely
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| adv.装成端庄地，认真地 | |
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49
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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50
contrived
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| adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的 | |
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51
enjoin
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| v.命令；吩咐；禁止 | |
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52
enjoined
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| v.命令( enjoin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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53
condescended
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| 屈尊，俯就( condescend的过去式和过去分词 )； 故意表示和蔼可亲 | |
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54
postscript
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| n.附言，又及；(正文后的)补充说明 | |
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55
gaol
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| n.(jail)监狱；(不加冠词)监禁；vt.使…坐牢 | |
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56
lackeys
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| n.听差( lackey的名词复数 )；男仆（通常穿制服）；卑躬屈膝的人；被待为奴仆的人 | |
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57
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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58
wretches
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| n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋 | |
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59
lashed
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| adj.具睫毛的v.鞭打( lash的过去式和过去分词 )；煽动；紧系；怒斥 | |
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60
acceded
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| v.（正式）加入( accede的过去式和过去分词 )；答应；（通过财产的添附而）增加；开始任职 | |
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61
duel
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| n./v.决斗；(双方的)斗争 | |
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62
heed
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| v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心 | |
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63
shear
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| n.修剪，剪下的东西，羊的一岁；vt.剪掉，割，剥夺；vi.修剪，切割，剥夺，穿越 | |
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64
pompous
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的；夸大的；豪华的 | |
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65
assailed
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| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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66
ailed
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| v.生病( ail的过去式和过去分词 )；感到不舒服；处境困难；境况不佳 | |
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67
amenities
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| n.令人愉快的事物；礼仪；礼节；便利设施；礼仪( amenity的名词复数 )；便利设施；（环境等的）舒适；（性情等的）愉快 | |
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68
carnival
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| n.嘉年华会，狂欢，狂欢节，巡回表演 | |
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69
triumphant
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| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
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70
axe
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| n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减 | |
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71
stimulated
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| a.刺激的 | |
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72
promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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73
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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74
overthrew
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| overthrow的过去式 | |
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75
petitioners
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| n.请求人，请愿人( petitioner的名词复数 )；离婚案原告 | |
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76
aspired
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| v.渴望，追求( aspire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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77
confided
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| v.吐露（秘密，心事等）( confide的过去式和过去分词 )；（向某人）吐露（隐私、秘密等） | |
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78
guardianship
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| n. 监护, 保护, 守护 | |
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79
fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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80
hesitation
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| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
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81
remorse
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| n.痛恨，悔恨，自责 | |
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82
imploring
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| 恳求的，哀求的 | |
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83
rendering
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| n.表现，描写 | |
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84
homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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85
doorway
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| n.门口，(喻)入门；门路，途径 | |
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86
credible
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| adj.可信任的，可靠的 | |
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87
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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88
joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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89
witty
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| adj.机智的，风趣的 | |
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90
sleepers
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| n.卧铺（通常以复数形式出现）；卧车( sleeper的名词复数 )；轨枕；睡觉（呈某种状态）的人；小耳环 | |
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91
invalid
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| n.病人，伤残人；adj.有病的，伤残的；无效的 | |
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92
throbbed
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| 抽痛( throb的过去式和过去分词 )； （心脏、脉搏等）跳动 | |
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93
bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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94
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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95
crutches
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| n.拐杖, 支柱 v.支撑 | |
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96
complacent
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| adj.自满的；自鸣得意的 | |
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97
scourging
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| 鞭打( scourge的现在分词 )； 惩罚，压迫 | |
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98
remonstrating
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| v.抗议( remonstrate的现在分词 )；告诫 | |
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99
vocation
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| n.职业，行业 | |
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100
jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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101
prescription
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| n.处方，开药；指示，规定 | |
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102
forfeited
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| （因违反协议、犯规、受罚等）丧失，失去( forfeit的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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103
pony
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| adj.小型的；n.小马 | |
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104
mule
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| n.骡子，杂种，执拗的人 | |
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105
humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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106
advisers
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| 顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授 | |
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107
malady
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| n.病，疾病(通常做比喻) | |
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108
potentate
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| n.统治者；君主 | |
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109
moody
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| adj.心情不稳的，易怒的，喜怒无常的 | |
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110
perspiration
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| n.汗水；出汗 | |
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111
exertion
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| n.尽力，努力 | |
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112
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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113
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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114
banishment
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| n.放逐，驱逐 | |
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115
impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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116
incurring
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| 遭受，招致，引起( incur的现在分词 ) | |
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117
pertinaciously
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| adv.坚持地；固执地；坚决地；执拗地 | |
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118
lugubrious
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| adj.悲哀的，忧郁的 | |
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119
enacted
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| 制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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120
blindfolded
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| v.（尤指用布）挡住（某人）的视线( blindfold的过去式 )；蒙住（某人）的眼睛；使不理解；蒙骗 | |
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121
perpetuating
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| perpetuate的现在进行式 | |
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122
enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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123
dubbed
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| v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制 | |
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124
parasite
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| n.寄生虫；寄生菌；食客 | |
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125
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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126
follies
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| 罪恶，时事讽刺剧； 愚蠢，蠢笨，愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 ) | |
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127
suffocated
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| （使某人）窒息而死( suffocate的过去式和过去分词 )； （将某人）闷死； 让人感觉闷热； 憋气 | |
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128
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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129
addicted
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| adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的 | |
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130
prophesying
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| v.预告，预言( prophesy的现在分词 ) | |
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131
colloquially
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| adv.用白话，用通俗语 | |
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132
triumphantly
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| ad.得意洋洋地；得胜地；成功地 | |
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133
thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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134
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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135
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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136
embarrassments
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| n.尴尬( embarrassment的名词复数 )；难堪；局促不安；令人难堪或耻辱的事 | |
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137
improvised
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| a.即席而作的,即兴的 | |
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138
tusks
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| n.（象等动物的）长牙( tusk的名词复数 )；獠牙；尖形物；尖头 | |
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139
adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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140
bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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141
inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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142
darts
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| n.掷飞镖游戏；飞镖( dart的名词复数 )；急驰，飞奔v.投掷，投射( dart的第三人称单数 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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143
inclement
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| adj.严酷的，严厉的，恶劣的 | |
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144
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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145
precedents
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| 引用单元； 范例( precedent的名词复数 )； 先前出现的事例； 前例； 先例 | |
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146
cardinal
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| n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的 | |
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147
livelihood
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| n.生计，谋生之道 | |
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148
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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149
fugitive
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| adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者 | |
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150
gnawed
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| 咬( gnaw的过去式和过去分词 )； （长时间） 折磨某人； （使）苦恼； （长时间）危害某事物 | |
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151
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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152
scripture
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| n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段 | |
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