very tractable1 and pliable2. That rational essence that doth govern it, hath in itself no cause to do evil. It hath no evil in itself; neither can it do anything that is evil: neither can anything be hurt by it. And all things are done and determined3 according to its will and prescript.
II. Be it all one unto thee, whether half frozen or well warm; whether
only slumbering4, or after a full sleep; whether discommended or commended thou do thy duty: or whether dying or doing somewhat else; for that also 'to die,' must among the rest be reckoned as one of the duties and actions of our lives.
III. Look in, let not either the proper quality, or the true worth of
IV. All substances come soon to their change, and either they shall
be resolved by way of exhalation (if so be that all things shall be reunited into one substance), or as others maintain, they shall be scattered8 and dispersed9. As for that Rational Essence by which all things are governed, as it best understandeth itself, both its own disposition10, and what it doth, and what matter it hath to do with and accordingly doth all things; so we that do not, no wonder, if we wonder at many things, the reasons whereof we cannot comprehend.
V. The best kind of revenge is, not to become like unto them.
kind action without intermission to pass unto another, God being ever in thy mind.
VII. The rational commanding part, as it alone can stir up and turn
itself; so it maketh both itself to be, and everything that happeneth, to appear unto itself, as it will itself.
VIII. According to the nature of the universe all things particular are
determined, not according to any other nature, either about compassing and containing; or within, dispersed and contained; or without, depending. Either this universe is a mere12 confused mass, and an intricate context of things, which shall in time be scattered and dispersed again: or it is an union consisting of order, and administered by Providence13. If the first, why should I desire to continue any longer in this fortuit confusion and commixtion? or why should I take care for anything else, but that as soon as may be I may be earth again? And why should I trouble myself any more whilst I seek to please the Gods? Whatsoever14 I do, dispersion is my end, and will come upon me whether I will or no. But if the latter be, then am not I religious in vain; then will I be quiet and patient, and put my trust in Him, who is the Governor of all.
IX. Whensoever by some present hard occurrences thou art constrained15 to
be in some sort troubled and vexed16, return unto thyself as soon as may be, and be not out of tune17 longer than thou must needs. For so shalt thou be the better able to keep thy part another time, and to maintain the harmony, if thou dost use thyself to this continually; once out, presently to have recourse unto it, and to begin again.
X. If it were that thou hadst at one time both a stepmother, and
a natural mother living, thou wouldst honour and respect her also; nevertheless to thine own natural mother would thy refuge, and recourse be continually. So let the court and thy philosophy be unto thee. Have recourse unto it often, and comfort thyself in her, by whom it is that those other things are made tolerable unto thee, and thou also in those things not intolerable unto others.
XI. How marvellous useful it is for a man to represent unto himself
meats, and all such things that are for the mouth, under a right apprehension18 and imagination! as for example: This is the carcass of a fish; this of a bird; and this of a hog19. And again more generally; This phalernum, this excellent highly commended wine, is but the bare juice of an ordinary grape. This purple robe, but sheep's hairs, dyed with the blood of a shellfish. So for coitus, it is but the attrition of an ordinary base entrail, and the excretion of a little vile20 snivel, with a certain kind of convulsion: according to Hippocrates his opinion. How excellent useful are these lively fancies and representations of things, thus penetrating22 and passing through the objects, to make their true nature known and apparent! This must thou use all thy life long, and upon all occasions: and then especially, when matters are apprehended as of great worth and respect, thy art and care must be to uncover them, and to behold24 their vileness25, and to take away from them all those serious circumstances and expressions, under which they made so grave a show. For outward pomp and appearance is a great juggler26; and then especially art thou most in danger to be beguiled27 by it, when (to a man's thinking) thou most seemest to be employed about matters of moment.
XIII. Those things which the common sort of people do admire, are most
of them such things as are very general, and may be comprehended under things merely natural, or naturally affected28 and qualified29: as stones, wood, figs30, vines, olives. Those that be admired by them that are more moderate and restrained, are comprehended under things animated31: as flocks and herds32. Those that are yet more gentle and curious, their admiration33 is commonly confined to reasonable creatures only; not in general as they are reasonable, but as they are capable of art, or of some craft and subtile invention: or perchance barely to reasonable creatures; as they that delight in the possession of many slaves. But he that honours a reasonable soul in general, as it is reasonable and naturally sociable, doth little regard anything else: and above all things is careful to preserve his own, in the continual habit and exercise both of reason and sociableness34: and thereby35 doth co-operate with him, of whose nature he doth also participate; God.
XIV. Some things hasten to be, and others to be no more. And even
whatsoever now is, some part thereof hath already perished. Perpetual fluxes36 and alterations38 renew the world, as the perpetual course of time doth make the age of the world (of itself infinite) to appear always fresh and new. In such a flux37 and course of all things, what of these things that hasten so fast away should any man regard, since among all there is not any that a man may fasten and fix upon? as if a man would settle his affection upon some ordinary sparrow living by him, who is no sooner seen, than out of sight. For we must not think otherwise of our lives, than as a mere exhalation of blood, or of an ordinary respiration39 of air. For what in our common apprehension is, to breathe in the air and to breathe it out again, which we do daily: so much is it and no more, at once to breathe out all thy respirative faculty40 into that common air from whence but lately (as being but from yesterday, and to-day), thou didst first breathe it in, and with it, life.
XV. Not vegetative spiration, it is not surely (which plants have) that
in this life should be so dear unto us; nor sensitive respiration, the proper life of beasts, both tame and wild; nor this our imaginative faculty; nor that we are subject to be led and carried up and down by the strength of our sensual appetites; or that we can gather, and live together; or that we can feed: for that in effect is no better, than that we can void the excrements of our food. What is it then that should be dear unto us? to hear a clattering41 noise? if not that, then neither to be applauded by the tongues of men. For the praises of many tongues, is in effect no better than the clattering of so many tongues. If then neither applause, what is there remaining that should be dear unto thee? This I think: that in all thy motions and actions thou be moved, and restrained according to thine own true natural constitution and Construction only. And to this even ordinary arts and professions do lead us. For it is that which every art doth aim at, that whatsoever it is, that is by art effected and prepared, may be fit for that work that it is prepared for. This is the end that he that dresseth the vine, and he that takes upon him either to tame colts, or to train up dogs, doth aim at. What else doth the education of children, and all learned professions tend unto? Certainly then it is that, which should be dear unto us also. If in this particular it go well with thee, care not for the obtaining of other things. But is it so, that thou canst not but respect other things also? Then canst not thou truly be free? then canst thou not have self-content: then wilt43 thou ever be subject to passions. For it is not possible, but that thou must be envious44, and jealous, and suspicious of them whom thou knowest can bereave45 thee of such things; and again, a secret underminer of them, whom thou seest in present possession of that which is dear unto thee. To be short, he must of necessity be full of confusion within himself, and often accuse the Gods, whosoever stands in need of these things. But if thou shalt honour and respect thy mind only, that will make thee acceptable towards thyself, towards thy friends very tractable; and conformable and concordant with the Gods; that is, accepting with praises whatsoever they shall think good to appoint and allot46 unto thee.
XVI. Under, above, and about, are the motions of the elements; but
the motion of virtue47, is none of those motions, but is somewhat more excellent and divine. Whose way (to speed and prosper48 in it) must be through a way, that is not easily comprehended.
XVII. Who can choose but wonder at them? They will not speak well of
them that are at the same time with them, and live with them; yet they themselves are very ambitious, that they that shall follow, whom they have never seen, nor shall ever see, should speak well of them. As if a man should grieve that he hath not been commended by them, that lived before him.
XVIII. Do not ever conceive anything impossible to man, which by thee
cannot, or not without much difficulty be effected; but whatsoever in general thou canst Conceive possible and proper unto any man, think that very possible unto thee also.
XIX. Suppose that at the palestra somebody hath all to-torn thee with
his nails, and hath broken thy head. Well, thou art wounded. Yet thou dost not exclaim; thou art not offended with him. Thou dost not suspect him for it afterwards, as one that watcheth to do thee a mischief49. Yea even then, though thou dost thy best to save thyself from him, yet not from him as an enemy. It is not by way of any suspicious indignation, but by way of gentle and friendly declination. Keep the same mind and disposition in other parts of thy life also. For many things there be, which we must conceit50 and apprehend6, as though we had had to do with an antagonist51 at the palestra. For as I said, it is very possible for us to avoid and decline, though we neither suspect, nor hate.
XX. If anybody shall reprove me, and shall make it apparent unto me,
that in any either opinion or action of mine I do err52, I will most gladly retract53. For it is the truth that I seek after, by which I am sure that never any man was hurt; and as sure, that he is hurt that continueth in any error, or ignorance whatsoever.
XXI. I for my part will do what belongs unto me; as for other things,
whether things unsensible or things irrational54; or if rational, yet deceived and ignorant of the true way, they shall not trouble or distract me. For as for those creatures which are not endued55 with reason and all other things and-matters of the world whatsoever I freely, and generously, as one endued with reason, of things that have none, make use of them. And as for men, towards them as naturally partakers of the same reason, my care is to carry myself sociably56. But whatsoever it is that thou art about, remember to call upon the Gods. And as for the time how long thou shalt live to do these things, let it be altogether indifferent unto thee, for even three such hours are sufficient.
dead both came to one. For either they were both resumed into those original rational essences from whence all things in the world are propagated; or both after one fashion were scattered into atoms.
XXIII Consider how many different things, whether they concern our
bodies, or our souls, in a moment of time come to pass in every one of us, and so thou wilt not wonder if many more things or rather all things that are done, can at one time subsist58, and coexist in that both one and general, which we call the world.
XXIV. if any should put this question unto thee, how this word Antoninus
is written, wouldst thou not presently fix thine intention upon it, and utter out in order every letter of it? And if any shall begin to gainsay59 thee, and quarrel with thee about it; wilt thou quarrel with him again, or rather go on meekly60 as thou hast begun, until thou hast numbered out every letter? Here then likewise remember, that every duty that belongs unto a man doth consist of some certain letters or numbers as it were, to which without any noise or tumult61 keeping thyself thou must orderly proceed to thy proposed end, forbearing to quarrel with him that would quarrel and fall out with thee.
XXV. Is it not a cruel thing to forbid men to affect those things, which
they conceive to agree best with their own natures, and to tend most to their own proper good and behoof? But thou after a sort deniest them this liberty, as often as thou art angry with them for their sins. For surely they are led unto those sins whatsoever they be, as to their proper good and commodity. But it is not so (thou wilt object perchance). Thou therefore teach them better, and make it appear unto them: but be not thou angry with them.
XXVI. Death is a cessation from the impression of the senses, the
tyranny of the passions, the errors of the mind, and the servitude of the body.
XXVII. If in this kind of life thy body be able to hold out, it is a
shame that thy soul should faint first, and give over, take heed62, lest of a philosopher thou become a mere Caesar in time, and receive a new tincture from the court. For it may happen if thou dost not take heed. Keep thyself therefore, truly simple, good, sincere, grave, free from all ostentation63, a lover of that which is just, religious, kind, tender-hearted, strong and vigorous to undergo anything that becomes thee. Endeavour to continue such, as philosophy (hadst thou wholly and constantly applied64 thyself unto it) would have made, and secured thee. Worship the Gods, procure65 the welfare of men, this life is short. Charitable actions, and a holy disposition, is the only fruit of this earthly life.
Remember his resolute67 constancy in things that were done by him according to reason, his equability in all things, his sanctity; the cheerfulness of his countenance68, his sweetness, and how free he was from all vainglory; how careful to come to the true and exact knowledge of matters in hand, and how he would by no means give over till he did fully, and plainly understand the whole state of the business; and how patiently, and without any contestation he would bear with them, that did unjustly condemn69 him: how he would never be over-hasty in anything, nor give ear to slanders70 and false accusations71, but examine and observe with best diligence the several actions and dispositions72 of men. Again, how he was no backbiter, nor easily frightened, nor suspicious, and in his language free from all affectation and curiosity: and how easily he would content himself with few things, as lodging73, bedding, clothing, and ordinary nourishment74, and attendance. How able to endure labour, how patient; able through his spare diet to continue from morning to evening without any necessity of withdrawing before his accustomed hours to the necessities of nature: his uniformity and constancy in matter of friendship. How he would bear with them that with all boldness and liberty opposed his opinions; and even rejoice if any man could better advise him: and lastly, how religious he was without superstition75. All these things of him remember, that whensoever thy last hour shall come upon thee, it may find thee, as it did him, ready for it in the possession of a good conscience.
XXIX. Stir up thy mind, and recall thy wits again from thy natural
dreams, and visions, and when thou art perfectly76 awoken, and canst perceive that they were but dreams that troubled thee, as one newly awakened77 out of another kind of sleep look upon these worldly things with the same mind as thou didst upon those, that thou sawest in thy sleep.
XXX. I consist of body and soul. Unto my body all things are
indifferent, for of itself it cannot affect one thing more than another with apprehension of any difference; as for my mind, all things which are not within the verge78 of her own operation, are indifferent unto her, and for her own operations, those altogether depend of her; neither does she busy herself about any, but those that are present; for as for future and past operations, those also are now at this present indifferent unto her.
XXXI. As long as the foot doth that which belongeth unto it to do, and
the hand that which belongs unto it, their labour, whatsoever it be, is not unnatural79. So a man as long as he doth that which is proper unto a man, his labour cannot be against nature; and if it be not against nature, then neither is it hurtful unto him. But if it were so that happiness did consist in pleasure: how came notorious robbers, impure80 abominable81 livers, parricides, and tyrants82, in so large a measure to have their part of pleasures?
though in some respect they be no better than mere idiots, yet they stick close to the course of their trade, neither can they find in their heart to decline from it: and is it not a grievous thing that an architect, or a physician shall respect the course and mysteries of their profession, more than a man the proper course and condition of his own nature, reason, which is common to him and to the Gods?
XXXIII. Asia, Europe; what are they, but as corners of the whole world;
of which the whole sea, is but as one drop; and the great Mount Athos, but as a clod, as all present time is but as one point of eternity83. All, petty things; all things that are soon altered, soon perished. And all things come from one beginning; either all severally and particularly deliberated and resolved upon, by the general ruler and governor of all; or all by necessary consequence. So that the dreadful hiatus of a gaping84 lion, and all poison, and all hurtful things, are but (as the thorn and the mire) the necessary consequences of goodly fair things. Think not of these therefore, as things contrary to those which thou dost much honour, and respect; but consider in thy mind the true fountain of all.
XXXIV He that seeth the things that are now, hath Seen all that either
was ever, or ever shall be, for all things are of one kind; and all like one unto another. Meditate85 often upon the connection of all things in the world; and upon the mutual86 relation that they have one unto another. For all things are after a sort folded and involved one within another, and by these means all agree well together. For one thing is consequent unto another, by local motion, by natural conspiration and agreement, and by substantial union, or, reduction of all substances into one.
XXXV. Fit and accommodate thyself to that estate and to those
occurrences, which by the destinies have been annexed87 unto thee; and love those men whom thy fate it is to live with; but love them truly. An instrument, a tool, an utensil88, whatsoever it be, if it be fit for the purpose it was made for, it is as it should be though he perchance that made and fitted it, be out of sight and gone. But in things natural, that power which hath framed and fitted them, is and abideth within them still: for which reason she ought also the more to be respected, and we are the more obliged (if we may live and pass our time according to her purpose and intention) to think that all is well with us, and according to our own minds. After this manner also, and in this respect it is, that he that is all in all doth enjoy his happiness.
XXXVI. What things soever are not within the proper power and
jurisdiction89 of thine own will either to compass or avoid, if thou shalt propose unto thyself any of those things as either good, or evil; it must needs be that according as thou shalt either fall into that which thou dost think evil, or miss of that which thou dost think good, so wilt thou be ready both to complain of the Gods, and to hate those men, who either shall be so indeed, or shall by thee be suspected as the cause either of thy missing of the one, or falling into the other. And indeed we must needs commit many evils, if we incline to any of these things, more or less, with an opinion of any difference. But if we mind and fancy those things only, as good and bad, which wholly depend of our own wills, there is no more occasion why we should either murmur90 against the Gods, or be at enmity with any man.
XXXVII. We all work to one effect, some willingly, and with a rational
apprehension of what we do: others without any such knowledge. As I think Heraclitus in a place speaketh of them that sleep, that even they do work in their kind, and do confer to the general operations of the world. One man therefore doth co-operate after one sort, and another after another sort; but even he that doth murmur, and to his power doth resist and hinder; even he as much as any doth co-operate. For of such also did the world stand in need. Now do thou consider among which of these thou wilt rank thyself. For as for him who is the Administrator91 of all, he will make good use of thee whether thou wilt or no, and make thee (as a part and member of the whole) so to co-operate with him, that whatsoever thou doest, shall turn to the furtherance of his own counsels, and resolutions. But be not thou for shame such a part of the whole, as that vile and ridiculous verse (which Chrysippus in a place doth mention) is a part of the comedy.
XXXVIII. Doth either the sun take upon him to do that which belongs to
the rain? or his son Aesculapius that, which unto the earth doth properly belong? How is it with every one of the stars in particular? Though they all differ one from another, and have their several charges and functions by themselves, do they not all nevertheless concur92 and co- operate to one end?
XXXIX. If so be that the Gods have deliberated in particular of those
things that should happen unto me, I must stand to their deliberation, as discrete93 and wise. For that a God should be an imprudent God, is a thing hard even to conceive: and why should they resolve to do me hurt? for what profit either unto them or the universe (which they specially23 take care for) could arise from it? But if so be that they have not deliberated of me in particular, certainly they have of the whole in general, and those things which in consequence and coherence94 of this general deliberation happen unto me in particular, I am bound to embrace and accept of. But if so be that they have not deliberated at all (which indeed is very irreligious for any man to believe: for then let us neither sacrifice, nor pray, nor respect our oaths, neither let us any more use any of those things, which we persuaded of the presence and secret conversation of the Gods among us, daily use and practise:) but, I say, if so be that they have not indeed either in general, or particular deliberated of any of those things, that happen unto us in this world; yet God be thanked, that of those things that concern myself, it is lawful95 for me to deliberate myself, and all my deliberation is but concerning that which may be to me most profitable. Now that unto every one is most profitable, which is according to his own constitution and nature. And my nature is, to be rational in all my actions and as a good, and natural member of a city and commonwealth96, towards my fellow members ever to be sociably and kindly97 disposed and affected. My city and country as I am Antoninus, is Rome; as a man, the whole world. Those things therefore that are expedient98 and profitable to those cities, are the only things that are good and expedient for me.
XL. Whatsoever in any kind doth happen to any one, is expedient to the
whole. And thus much to content us might suffice, that it is expedient for the whole in general. But yet this also shalt thou generally perceive, if thou dost diligently99 take heed, that whatsoever doth happen to any one man or men.... And now I am content that the word expedient, should more generally be understood of those things which we otherwise call middle things, or things indifferent; as health, wealth, and the like.
XLI. As the ordinary shows of the theatre and of other such places,
when thou art presented with them, affect thee; as the same things still seen, and in the same fashion, make the sight ingrateful and tedious; so must all the things that we see all our life long affect us. For all things, above and below, are still the same, and from the same causes. When then will there be an end?
XLII. Let the several deaths of men of all sorts, and of all sorts of
professions, and of all sort of nations, be a perpetual object of thy thoughts,... so that thou mayst even come down to Philistio, Phoebus, and Origanion. Pass now to other generations. Thither100 shall we after many changes, where so many brave orators101 are; where so many grave philosophers; Heraclitus, Pythagoras, Socrates. Where so many heroes of the old times; and then so many brave captains of the latter times; and so many kings. After all these, where Eudoxus, Hipparchus, Archimedes; where so many other sharp, generous, industrious102, subtile, peremptory103 dispositions; and among others, even they, that have been the greatest scoffers and deriders of the frailty104 and brevity of this our human life; as Menippus, and others, as many as there have been such as he. Of all these consider, that they long since are all dead, and gone. And what do they suffer by it! Nay105 they that have not so much as a name remaining, what are they the worse for it? One thing there is, and that only, which is worth our while in this world, and ought by us much to be esteemed106; and that is, according to truth and righteousness, meekly and lovingly to converse107 with false, and unrighteous men.
XLIII. When thou wilt comfort and cheer thyself, call to mind the
several gifts and virtues108 of them, whom thou dost daily converse with; as for example, the industry of the one; the modesty109 of another; the liberality of a third; of another some other thing. For nothing can so much rejoice thee, as the resemblances and parallels of several virtues, visible and eminent110 in the dispositions of those who live with thee; especially when, all at once, as near as may be, they represent themselves unto thee. And therefore thou must have them always in a readiness.
XLIV. Dost thou grieve that thou dost weigh but so many pounds, and not
three hundred rather? Just as much reason hast thou to grieve that thou must live but so many years, and not longer. For as for bulk and substance thou dost content thyself with that proportion of it that is allotted111 unto thee, so shouldst thou for time.
XLV. Let us do our best endeavours to persuade them; but however, if
reason and justice lead thee to it, do it, though they be never so much against it. But if any shall by force withstand thee, and hinder thee in it, convert thy virtuous112 inclination113 from one object unto another, from justice to contented114 equanimity115, and cheerful patience: so that what in the one is thy hindrance116, thou mayst make use of it for the exercise of another virtue: and remember that it was with due exception, and reservation, that thou didst at first incline and desire. For thou didst not set thy mind upon things impossible. Upon what then? that all thy desires might ever be moderated with this due kind of reservation. And this thou hast, and mayst always obtain, whether the thing desired be in thy power or no. And what do I care for more, if that for which I was born and brought forth117 into the world (to rule all my desires with reason and discretion) may be?
XLVI. The ambitious supposeth another man's act, praise and applause, to
be his own happiness; the voluptuous118 his own sense and feeling; but he that is wise, his own action.
XLVII. It is in thy power absolutely to exclude all manner of conceit
and opinion, as concerning this matter; and by the same means, to exclude all grief and sorrow from thy soul. For as for the things and objects themselves, they of themselves have no such power, whereby to beget119 and force upon us any opinion at all.
XLVIII. Use thyself when any man speaks unto thee, so to hearken unto
him, as that in the interim120 thou give not way to any other thoughts; that so thou mayst (as far as is possible) seem fixed121 and fastened to his very soul, whosoever he be that speaks unto thee.
XLIX. That which is not good for the bee-hive, cannot be good for the
bee.
L. Will either passengers, or patients, find fault and complain, either
the one if they be well carried, or the others if well cured? Do they take care for any more than this; the one, that their shipmaster may bring them safe to land, and the other, that their physician may effect their recovery?
LI. How many of them who came into the world at the same time when I
did, are already gone out of it?
LII. To them that are sick of the jaundice, honey seems bitter; and to
them that are bitten by a mad dog, the water terrible; and to children, a little ball seems a fine thing. And why then should I be angry? or do I think that error and false opinion is less powerful to make men transgress122, than either choler, being immoderate and excessive, to cause the jaundice; or poison, to cause rage?
LIII. No man can hinder thee to live as thy nature doth require. Nothing
can happen unto thee, but what the common good of nature doth require.
LIV. What manner of men they be whom they seek to please, and what to
get, and by what actions: how soon time will cover and bury all things, and how many it hath already buried!
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tractable
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| adj.易驾驭的；温顺的 | |
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pliable
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| adj.易受影响的；易弯的；柔顺的，易驾驭的 | |
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determined
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slumbering
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| 微睡，睡眠（slumber的现在分词形式） | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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apprehend
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| vt.理解，领悟，逮捕，拘捕，忧虑 | |
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apprehended
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| 逮捕，拘押( apprehend的过去式和过去分词 )； 理解 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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dispersed
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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sociable
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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14
whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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constrained
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| adj.束缚的,节制的 | |
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vexed
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| adj.争论不休的；（指问题等）棘手的；争论不休的问题；烦恼的v.使烦恼( vex的过去式和过去分词 )；使苦恼；使生气；详细讨论 | |
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tune
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| n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整 | |
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apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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19
hog
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| n.猪；馋嘴贪吃的人；vt.把…占为己有，独占 | |
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20
vile
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| adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的 | |
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21
crates
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| n. 板条箱, 篓子, 旧汽车 vt. 装进纸条箱 | |
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22
penetrating
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| adj.（声音）响亮的，尖锐的adj.（气味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏锐的，有洞察力的 | |
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23
specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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24
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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25
vileness
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| n.讨厌，卑劣 | |
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26
juggler
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| n. 变戏法者, 行骗者 | |
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27
beguiled
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| v.欺骗( beguile的过去式和过去分词 )；使陶醉；使高兴；消磨（时间等） | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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29
qualified
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| adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的 | |
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30
figs
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| figures 数字，图形，外形 | |
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31
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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32
herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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33
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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34
sociableness
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| n.sociable（交际的，社交的）的变形 | |
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35
thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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36
fluxes
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| 连续的改变( flux的名词复数 )； 不稳定的状态； 不停的变化； 通量 | |
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37
flux
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| n.流动；不断的改变 | |
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38
alterations
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| n.改动( alteration的名词复数 )；更改；变化；改变 | |
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39
respiration
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| n.呼吸作用；一次呼吸；植物光合作用 | |
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40
faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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41
clattering
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| 发出咔哒声（clatter的现在分词形式） | |
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42
profess
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| v.声称，冒称，以...为业，正式接受入教，表明信仰 | |
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43
wilt
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| v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎；(指人)疲倦，衰弱 | |
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44
envious
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| adj.嫉妒的，羡慕的 | |
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45
bereave
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| v.使痛失(亲人等)，剥夺，使丧失 | |
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46
allot
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| v.分配；拨给；n.部分；小块菜地 | |
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47
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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48
prosper
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| v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣 | |
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49
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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50
conceit
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| n.自负，自高自大 | |
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51
antagonist
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| n.敌人，对抗者，对手 | |
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52
err
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| vi.犯错误，出差错 | |
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53
retract
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| vt.缩回，撤回收回，取消 | |
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54
irrational
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| adj.无理性的，失去理性的 | |
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55
endued
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| v.授予，赋予（特性、才能等）( endue的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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56
sociably
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| adv.成群地 | |
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57
mules
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| 骡( mule的名词复数 )； 拖鞋； 顽固的人； 越境运毒者 | |
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58
subsist
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| vi.生存，存在，供养 | |
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59
gainsay
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| v.否认，反驳 | |
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60
meekly
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| adv.温顺地，逆来顺受地 | |
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61
tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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62
heed
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| v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心 | |
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63
ostentation
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| n.夸耀，卖弄 | |
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64
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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65
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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66
disciple
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| n.信徒，门徒，追随者 | |
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67
resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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68
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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69
condemn
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| vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑 | |
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70
slanders
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| 诽谤，诋毁( slander的名词复数 ) | |
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71
accusations
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| n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名 | |
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72
dispositions
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| 安排( disposition的名词复数 )； 倾向； （财产、金钱的）处置； 气质 | |
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73
lodging
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| n.寄宿，住所；(大学生的)校外宿舍 | |
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74
nourishment
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| n.食物，营养品；营养情况 | |
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75
superstition
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| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
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76
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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77
awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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78
verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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79
unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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80
impure
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| adj.不纯净的，不洁的；不道德的，下流的 | |
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81
abominable
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| adj.可厌的，令人憎恶的 | |
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82
tyrants
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| 专制统治者( tyrant的名词复数 )； 暴君似的人； （古希腊的）僭主； 严酷的事物 | |
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83
eternity
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| n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷 | |
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84
gaping
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| adj.口的；张口的；敞口的；多洞穴的v.目瞪口呆地凝视( gape的现在分词 )；张开，张大 | |
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85
meditate
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| v.想，考虑，（尤指宗教上的）沉思，冥想 | |
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86
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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87
annexed
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| [法] 附加的，附属的 | |
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88
utensil
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| n.器皿，用具 | |
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89
jurisdiction
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| n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权 | |
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90
murmur
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| n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言 | |
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91
administrator
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| n.经营管理者，行政官员 | |
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92
concur
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| v.同意，意见一致，互助，同时发生 | |
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93
discrete
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| adj.个别的，分离的，不连续的 | |
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94
coherence
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| n.紧凑；连贯；一致性 | |
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95
lawful
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| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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96
commonwealth
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| n.共和国，联邦，共同体 | |
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97
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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98
expedient
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| adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计 | |
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99
diligently
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| ad.industriously;carefully | |
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100
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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101
orators
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| n.演说者，演讲家( orator的名词复数 ) | |
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102
industrious
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| adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的 | |
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103
peremptory
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| adj.紧急的，专横的，断然的 | |
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104
frailty
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| n.脆弱；意志薄弱 | |
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105
nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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106
esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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107
converse
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| vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反 | |
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108
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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109
modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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110
eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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111
allotted
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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112
virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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113
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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114
contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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115
equanimity
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| n.沉着，镇定 | |
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116
hindrance
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| n.妨碍，障碍 | |
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117
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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118
voluptuous
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| adj.肉欲的，骄奢淫逸的 | |
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119
beget
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| v.引起；产生 | |
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120
interim
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| adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间 | |
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121
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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122
transgress
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| vt.违反，逾越 | |
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