already seen and known in the world. And so oft as anything doth happen that might otherwise trouble thee, let this memento1 presently come to thy mind, that it is that which thou hast already often Seen and known. Generally, above and below, thou shalt find but the same things. The very same things whereof ancient stories, middle age stories, and fresh stories are full whereof towns are full, and houses full. There is nothing that is new. All things that are, are both usual and of little continuance.
II. What fear is there that thy dogmata, or philosophical2 resolutions
and conclusions, should become dead in thee, and lose their proper power and efficacy to make thee live happy, as long as those proper and correlative fancies, and representations of things on which they mutually depend (which continually to stir up and revive is in thy power,) are still kept fresh and alive? It is in my power concerning this thing that is happened, what soever it be, to conceit3 that which is right and true. If it be, why then am I troubled? Those things that are without my understanding, are nothing to it at all: and that is it only, which doth properly concern me. Be always in this mind, and thou wilt5 be right.
III. That which most men would think themselves most happy for, and
would prefer before all things, if the Gods would grant it unto them after their deaths, thou mayst whilst thou livest grant unto thyself; to live again. See the things of the world again, as thou hast already seen them. For what is it else to live again? Public shows and solemnities with much pomp and vanity, stage plays, flocks and herds6; conflicts and contentions7: a bone thrown to a company of hungry curs; a bait for greedy fishes; the painfulness, and continual burden-bearing of wretched ants, the running to and fro of terrified mice: little puppets drawn8 up and down with wires and nerves: these be the objects of the world among all these thou must stand steadfast9, meekly10 affected11, and free from all manner of indignation; with this right ratiocination12 and apprehension13; that as the worth is of those things which a man doth affect, so is in very deed every man's worth more or less.
IV. Word after word, every one by itself, must the things that are
spoken be conceived and understood; and so the things that are done, purpose after purpose, every one by itself likewise. And as in matter of purposes and actions, we must presently see what is the proper use and relation of every one; so of words must we be as ready, to consider of every one what is the true meaning, and signification of it according to truth and nature, however it be taken in common use.
V. Is my reason, and understanding sufficient for this, or no? If it be
sufficient, without any private applause, or public ostentation14 as of an instrument, which by nature I am provided of, I will make use of it for the work in hand, as of an instrument, which by nature I am provided of. if it be not, and that otherwise it belong not unto me particularly as a private duty, I will either give it over, and leave it to some other that can better effect it: or I will endeavour it; but with the help of some other, who with the joint15 help of my reason, is able to bring somewhat to pass, that will now be seasonable and useful for the common good. For whatsoever16 I do either by myself, or with some other, the only thing that I must intend, is, that it be good and expedient17 for the public. For as for praise, consider how many who once were much commended, are now already quite forgotten, yea they that commended them, how even they themselves are long since dead and gone. Be not therefore ashamed, whensoever thou must use the help of others. For whatsoever it be that lieth upon thee to effect, thou must propose it unto thyself, as the scaling of walls is unto a soldier. And what if thou through either lameness18 or some other impediment art not able to reach unto the top of the battlements alone, which with the help of another thou mayst; wilt thou therefore give it over, or go about it with less courage and alacrity19, because thou canst not effect it all alone?
VI. Let not things future trouble thee. For if necessity so require that
they come to pass, thou shalt (whensoever that is) be provided for them with the same reason, by which whatsoever is now present, is made both tolerable and acceptable unto thee. All things are linked and knitted together, and the knot is sacred, neither is there anything in the world, that is not kind and natural in regard of any other thing, or, that hath not some kind of reference and natural correspondence with whatsoever is in the world besides. For all things are ranked together, and by that decency20 of its due place and order that each particular doth observe, they all concur21 together to the making of one and the same ["Kosmos" ed] or world: as if you said, a comely22 piece, or an orderly composition. For all things throughout, there is but one and the same order; and through all things, one and the same God, the same substance and the same law. There is one common reason, and one common truth, that belongs unto all reasonable creatures, for neither is there save one perfection of all creatures that are of the same kind, and partakers of the same reason.
VII. Whatsoever is material, doth soon vanish away into the common
substance of the whole; and whatsoever is formal, or, whatsoever doth animate23 that which is material, is soon resumed into the common reason of the whole; and the fame and memory of anything, is soon swallowed up by the general age and duration of the whole.
VIII. To a reasonable creature, the same action is both according
to nature, and according to reason.
IX. Straight of itself, not made straight.
X. As several members in one body united, so are reasonable creatures
in a body divided and dispersed24, all made and prepared for one common operation. And this thou shalt apprehend25 the better, if thou shalt use thyself often to say to thyself, I am meloz, or a member of the mass and body of reasonable substances. But if thou shalt say I am meroz, or a part, thou dost not yet love men from thy heart. The joy that thou takest in the exercise of bounty26, is not yet grounded upon a due ratiocination and right apprehension of the nature of things. Thou dost exercise it as yet upon this ground barely, as a thing convenient and fitting; not, as doing good to thyself, when thou dost good unto others.
XI. Of things that are external, happen what will to that which can
suffer by external accidents. Those things that suffer let them complain themselves, if they will; as for me, as long as I conceive no such thing, that that which is happened is evil, I have no hurt; and it is in my power not to conceive any such thing.
XII. Whatsoever any man either doth or saith, thou must be good; not for
any man's sake, but for thine own nature's sake; as if either gold, or the emerald, or purple, should ever be saying to themselves, Whatsoever any man either doth or saith, I must still be an emerald, and I must keep my colour.
XIII. This may ever be my comfort and security: my understanding, that
ruleth over all, will not of itself bring trouble and vexation upon itself. This I say; it will not put itself in any fear, it will not lead itself into any concupiscence. If it be in the power of any other to compel it to fear, or to grieve, it is free for him to use his power. But sure if itself do not of itself, through some false opinion or supposition incline itself to any such disposition28; there is no fear. For as for the body, why should I make the grief of my body, to be the grief of my mind? If that itself can either fear or complain, let it. But as for the soul, which indeed, can only be truly sensible of either fear or grief; to which only it belongs according to its different imaginations and opinions, to admit of either of these, or of their contraries; thou mayst look to that thyself, that it suffer nothing. Induce her not to any such opinion or persuasion29. The understanding is of itself sufficient unto itself, and needs not (if itself doth not bring itself to need) any other thing besides itself, and by consequent as it needs nothing, so neither can it be troubled or hindered by anything, if itself doth not trouble and hinder itself.
XIV. What is rv&nfLovia, or happiness: but a7~o~ &d~wv, or, a good
da~rnon, or spirit? What then dost thou do here, O opinion? By the Gods I adjure30 thee, that thou get thee gone, as thou earnest: for I need thee not. Thou earnest indeed unto me according to thy ancient wonted manner. It is that, that all men have ever been subject unto. That thou camest therefore I am not angry with thee, only begone, now that I have found thee what thou art.
XV. Is any man so foolish as to fear change, to which all things that
once were not owe their being? And what is it, that is more pleasing and more familiar to the nature of the universe? How couldst thou thyself use thy ordinary hot baths, should not the wood that heateth them first be changed? How couldst thou receive any nourishment31 from those things that thou hast eaten, if they should not be changed? Can anything else almost (that is useful and profitable) be brought to pass without change? How then dost not thou perceive, that for thee also, by death, to come to change, is a thing of the very same nature, and as necessary for the nature of the universe?
all particular bodies, being all of the same nature, and all joint workers with the universe itself as in one of our bodies so many members among themselves. How many such as Chrysippus, how many such as Socrates, how many such as Epictetus, hath the age of the world long since swallowed up and devoured33? Let this, be it either men or businesses, that thou hast occasion to think of, to the end that thy thoughts be not distracted and thy mind too earnestly set upon anything, upon every such occasion presently come to thy mind. Of all my thoughts and cares, one only thing shall be the object, that I myself do nothing which to the proper constitution of man, (either in regard of the thing itself, or in regard of the manner, or of the time of doing,) is contrary. The time when thou shalt have forgotten all things, is at hand. And that time also is at hand, when thou thyself shalt be forgotten by all. Whilst thou art, apply thyself to that especially which unto man as he is a mart, is most proper and agreeable, and that is, for a man even to love them that transgress34 against him. This shall be, if at the same time that any such thing doth happen, thou call to mind, that they are thy kinsmen35; that it is through ignorance and against their wills that they sin; and that within a very short while after, both thou and he shall be no more. But above all things, that he hath not done thee any hurt; for that by him thy mind and understanding is not made worse or more vile36 than it was before.
XVII. The nature of the universe, of the common substance of all things
as it were of so much wax hath now perchance formed a horse; and then, destroying that figure, hath new tempered and fashioned the matter of it into the form and substance of a tree: then that again into the form and substance of a man: and then that again into some other. Now every one of these doth subsist37 but for a very little while. As for dissolution, if it be no grievous thing to the chest or trunk, to be joined together; why should it be more grievous to be put asunder38?
XVIII. An angry countenance40 is much against nature, and it is oftentimes
the proper countenance of them that are at the point of death. But were it so, that all anger and passion were so thoroughly41 quenched42 in thee, that it were altogether impossible to kindle43 it any more, yet herein must not thou rest satisfied, but further endeavour by good consequence of true ratiocination, perfectly44 to conceive and understand, that all anger and passion is against reason. For if thou shalt not be sensible of thine innocence45; if that also shall be gone from thee, the comfort of a good conscience, that thou doest all things according to reason: what shouldest thou live any longer for? All things that now thou seest, are but for a moment. That nature, by which all things in the world are administered, will soon bring change and alteration46 upon them, and then of their substances make other things like unto them: and then soon after others again of the matter and substance of these: that so by these means, the world may still appear fresh and new.
with thyself what it was that he did suppose to be good, what to be evil, when he did trespass. For this when thou knowest, thou wilt pity him thou wilt have no occasion either to wonder, or to be angry. For either thou thyself dust yet live in that error and ignorance, as that thou dust suppose either that very thing that he doth, or some other like worldly thing, to be good; and so thou art bound to pardon him if he have done that which thou in the like case wouldst have done thyself. Or if so be that thou dost not any more suppose the same things to be good or evil, that he doth; how canst thou but be gentle unto him that is in an error?
XX. Fancy not to thyself things future, as though they were present
but of those that are present, take some aside, that thou takest most benefit of, and consider of them particularly, how wonderfully thou wouldst want them, if they were not present. But take heed49 withal, lest that whilst thou dust settle thy contentment in things present, thou grow in time so to overprize them, as that the want of them (whensoever it shall so fall out) should be a trouble and a vexation unto thee. Wind up thyself into thyself. Such is the nature of thy reasonable commanding part, as that if it exercise justice, and have by that means tranquillity50 within itself, it doth rest fully48 satisfied with itself without any other thing.
XXI. Wipe off all opinion stay the force and violence of unreasonable51
lusts52 and affections: circumscribe53 the present time examine whatsoever it be that is happened, either to thyself or to another: divide all present objects, either in that which is formal or material think of the last hour. That which thy neighbour hath committed, where the guilt54 of it lieth, there let it rest. Examine in order whatsoever is spoken. Let thy mind penetrate55 both into the effects, and into the causes. Rejoice thyself with true simplicity56, and modesty57; and that all middle things between virtue58 and vice59 are indifferent unto thee. Finally, love mankind; obey God.
XXII. All things (saith he) are by certain order and appointment. And
what if the elements only.
It will suffice to remember, that all things in general are by certain order and appointment: or if it be but few. And as concerning death, that either dispersion, or the atoms, or annihilation, or extinction60, or translation will ensue. And as concerning pain, that that which is intolerable is soon ended by death; and that which holds long must needs be tolerable; and that the mind in the meantime (which is all in all) may by way of interclusion, or interception61, by stopping all manner of commerce and sympathy with the body, still retain its own tranquillity. Thy understanding is not made worse by it. As for those parts that suffer, let them, if they can, declare their grief themselves. As for praise and commendation, view their mind and understanding, what estate they are in; what kind of things they fly, and what things they seek after: and that as in the seaside, whatsoever was before to be seen, is by the continual succession of new heaps of sand cast up one upon another, soon hid and covered; so in this life, all former things by those which immediately succeed.
XXIII. Out of Plato. 'He then whose mind is endowed with true
magnanimity, who hath accustomed himself to the contemplation both of all times, and of all things in general; can this mortal life (thinkest thou) seem any great matter unto him? It is not possible, answered he. Then neither will such a one account death a grievous thing? By no means.'
XXIV. Out of Antisthenes. 'It is a princely thing to do well, and to be
ill-spoken of. It is a shameful62 thing that the face should be subject unto the mind, to be put into what shape it will, and to be dressed by it as it will; and that the mind should not bestow63 so much care upon herself, as to fashion herself, and to dress herself as best becometh her.'
XXV. Out of several poets and comics. 'It will but little avail thee,
to turn thine anger and indignation upon the things themselves that have fallen across unto thee. For as for them, they are not sensible of it, &c. Thou shalt but make thyself a laughing-stock; both unto the Gods and men, &c. Our life is reaped like a ripe ear of corn; one is yet standing4 and another is down, &c. But if so be that I and my children be neglected by the gods, there is some reason even for that, &c. As long as right and equity64 is of my side, &c. Not to lament65 with them, not to tremble, &c.'
XXVI. Out of Plato. 'My answer, full of justice and equity, should be
this: Thy speech is not right, O man! if thou supposest that he that is of any worth at all, should apprehend either life or death, as a matter of great hazard and danger; and should not make this rather his only care, to examine his own actions, whether just or unjust: whether actions of a good, or of a wicked man, &c. For thus in very truth stands the case, O ye men of Athens. What place or station soever a man either hath chosen to himself, judging it best for himself; or is by lawful66 authority put and settled in, therein do I think (all appearance of danger notwithstanding) that he should continue, as one who feareth neither death, nor anything else, so much as he feareth to commit anything that is vicious and shameful, &c. But, O noble sir, consider I pray, whether true generosity67 and true happiness, do not consist in somewhat else rather, than in the preservation68 either of our, or other men's lives. For it is not the part of a man that is a man indeed, to desire to live long or to make much of his life whilst he liveth: but rather (he that is such) will in these things wholly refer himself unto the Gods, and believing that which every woman can tell him, that no man can escape death; the only thing that he takes thought and care for is this, that what time he liveth, he may live as well and as virtuously69 as he can possibly, &c. To look about, and with the eyes to follow the course of the stars and planets as though thou wouldst run with them; and to mind perpetually the several changes of the elements one into another. For such fancies and imaginations, help much to purge71 away the dross72 and filth73 of this our earthly life,' &c. That also is a fine passage of Plato's, where he speaketh of worldly things in these words: 'Thou must also as from some higher place look down, as it were, upon the things of this world, as flocks, armies, husbandmen's labours, marriages, divorces, generations, deaths: the tumults74 of courts and places of judicatures; desert places; the several nations of barbarians75, public festivals, mournings, fairs, markets.' How all things upon earth are pell-mell; and how miraculously76 things contrary one to another, concur to the beauty and perfection of this universe.
XXVII. To look back upon things of former ages, as upon the manifold
changes and conversions77 of several monarchies78 and commonwealths79. We may also foresee things future, for they shall all be of the same kind; neither is it possible that they should leave the tune80, or break the concert that is now begun, as it were, by these things that are now done and brought to pass in the world. It comes all to one therefore, whether a man be a spectator of the things of this life but forty years, or whether he see them ten thousand years together: for what shall he see more? 'And as for those parts that came from the earth, they shall return unto the earth again; and those that came from heaven, they also shall return unto those heavenly places.' Whether it be a mere81 dissolution and unbinding of the manifold intricacies and entanglements82 of the confused atoms; or some such dispersion of the simple and incorruptible elements... 'With meats and drinks and divers84 charms, they seek to divert the channel, that they might not die. Yet must we needs endure that blast of wind that cometh from above, though we toil85 and labour never so much.'
then? Is he more bountiful? is he more modest? Doth he bear all adverse87 chances with more equanimity88: or with his neighbour's offences with more meekness89 and gentleness than I?
XXIX. Where the matter may be effected agreeably to that reason, which
both unto the Gods and men is common, there can be no just cause of grief or sorrow. For where the fruit and benefit of an action well begun and prosecuted90 according to the proper constitution of man may be reaped and obtained, or is sure and certain, it is against reason that any damage should there be suspected. In all places, and at all times, it is in thy power religiously to embrace whatsoever by God's appointment is happened unto thee, and justly to converse91 with those men, whom thou hast to do with, and accurately92 to examine every fancy that presents itself, that nothing may slip and steal in, before thou hast rightly apprehended93 the true nature of it.
XXX. Look not about upon other men's minds and understandings; but look
right on forwards whither nature, both that of the universe, in those things that happen unto thee; and thine in particular, in those things that are done by thee: doth lead, and direct thee. Now every one is bound to do that, which is consequent and agreeable to that end which by his true natural constitution he was ordained94 unto. As for all other things, they are ordained for the use of reasonable creatures: as in all things we see that that which is worse and inferior, is made for that which is better. Reasonable creatures, they are ordained one for another. That therefore which is chief in every man's constitution, is, that he intend the common good. The second is, that he yield not to any lusts and motions of the flesh. For it is the part and privilege of the reasonable and intellective faculty95, that she can so bound herself, as that neither the sensitive, nor the appetitive faculties96, may not anyways prevail upon her. For both these are brutish. And therefore over both she challengeth mastery, and cannot anyways endure, if in her right temper, to be subject unto either. And this indeed most justly. For by nature she was ordained to command all in the body. The third thing proper to man by his constitution, is, to avoid all rashness and precipitancy; and not to be subject to error. To these things then, let the mind apply herself and go straight on, without any distraction97 about other things, and she hath her end, and by consequent her happiness.
XXXI. As one who had lived, and were now to die by right, whatsoever is
yet remaining, bestow that wholly as a gracious overplus upon a virtuous70 life. Love and affect that only, whatsoever it be that happeneth, and is by the fates appointed unto thee. For what can be more reasonable? And as anything doth happen unto thee by way of cross, or calamity98, call to mind presently and set before thine eyes, the examples of some other men, to whom the self-same thing did once happen likewise. Well, what did they? They grieved; they wondered; they complained. And where are they now? All dead and gone. Wilt thou also be like one of them? Or rather leaving to men of the world (whose life both in regard of themselves, and them that they converse with, is nothing but mere mutability; or men of as fickle99 minds, as fickle bodies; ever changing and soon changed themselves) let it be thine only care and study, how to make a right use of all such accidents. For there is good use to be made of them, and they will prove fit matter for thee to work upon, if it shall be both thy care and thy desire, that whatsoever thou doest, thou thyself mayst like and approve thyself for it. And both these, see, that thou remember well, according as the diversity of the matter of the action that thou art about shall require. Look within; within is the fountain of all good. Such a fountain, where springing waters can never fail, so thou dig still deeper and deeper.
free from all loose fluctuant either motion, or posture101. And as upon thy face and looks, thy mind hath easily power over them to keep them to that which is grave and decent; so let it challenge the same power over the whole body also. But so observe all things in this kind, as that it be without any manner of affectation.
XXXIII. The art of true living in this world is more like a wrestler's,
than a dancer's practice. For in this they both agree, to teach a man whatsoever falls upon him, that he may be ready for it, and that nothing may cast him down.
XXXIV. Thou must continually ponder and consider with thyself, what
manner of men they be, and for their minds and understandings what is their present estate, whose good word and testimony102 thou dost desire. For then neither wilt thou see cause to complain of them that offend against their wills; or find any want of their applause, if once thou dost but penetrate into the true force and ground both of their opinions, and of their desires. 'No soul (saith he) is willingly bereft103 of the truth,' and by consequent, neither of justice, or temperance, or kindness, and mildness; nor of anything that is of the same kind. It is most needful that thou shouldst always remember this. For so shalt thou be far more gentle and moderate towards all men.
XXXV. What pain soever thou art in, let this presently come to thy mind,
that it is not a thing whereof thou needest to be ashamed, neither is it a thing whereby thy understanding, that hath the government of all, can be made worse. For neither in regard of the substance of it, nor in regard of the end of it (which is, to intend the common good) can it alter and corrupt83 it. This also of Epicurus mayst thou in most pains find some help of, that it is 'neither intolerable, nor eternal;' so thou keep thyself to the true bounds and limits of reason and give not way to opinion. This also thou must consider, that many things there be, which oftentimes unsensibly trouble and vex27 thee, as not armed against them with patience, because they go not ordinarily under the name of pains, which in very deed are of the same nature as pain; as to slumber104 unquietly, to suffer heat, to want appetite: when therefore any of these things make thee discontented, check thyself with these words: Now hath pain given thee the foil; thy courage hath failed thee.
XXXVI. Take heed lest at any time thou stand so affected, though towards
extraordinary a disposition? For that he died more gloriously, that he disputed with the Sophists more subtilty; that he watched in the frost more assiduously; that being commanded to fetch innocent Salaminius, he refused to do it more generously; all this will not serve. Nor that he walked in the streets, with much gravity and majesty107, as was objected unto him by his adversaries108: which nevertheless a man may well doubt of, whether it were so or no, or, which above all the rest, if so be that it were true, a man would well consider of, whether commendable109, or dis-commendable. The thing therefore that we must inquire into, is this; what manner of soul Socrates had: whether his disposition was such; as that all that he stood upon, and sought after in this world, was barely this, that he might ever carry himself justly towards men, and holily towards the Gods. Neither vexing110 himself to no purpose at the wickedness of others, nor yet ever condescending111 to any man's evil fact, or evil intentions, through either fear, or engagement of friendship. Whether of those things that happened unto him by God's appointment, he neither did wonder at any when it did happen, or thought it intolerable in the trial of it. And lastly, whether he never did suffer his mind to sympathise with the senses, and affections of the body. For we must not think that Nature hath so mixed and tempered it with the body, as that she hath not power to circumscribe herself, and by herself to intend her own ends and occasions.
XXXVIII. For it is a thing very possible, that a man should be a very
divine man, and yet be altogether unknown. This thou must ever be mindful of, as of this also, that a man's true happiness doth consist in very few things. And that although thou dost despair, that thou shalt ever be a good either logician112, or naturalist113, yet thou art never the further off by it from being either liberal, or modest, or charitable, or obedient unto God.
XXXIX. Free from all compulsion in all cheerfulness and alacrity thou
mayst run out thy time, though men should exclaim against thee never so much, and the wild beasts should pull in sunder39 the poor members of thy pampered114 mass of flesh. For what in either of these or the like cases should hinder the mind to retain her own rest and tranquillity, consisting both in the right judgment115 of those things that happen unto her, and in the ready use of all present matters and occasions? So that her judgment may say, to that which is befallen her by way of cross: this thou art in very deed, and according to thy true nature: notwithstanding that in the judgment of opinion thou dust appear otherwise: and her discretion116 to the present object; thou art that, which I sought for. For whatsoever it be, that is now present, shall ever be embraced by me as a fit and seasonable object, both for my reasonable faculty, and for my sociable117, or charitable inclination118 to work upon. And that which is principal in this matter, is that it may be referred either unto the praise of God, or to the good of men. For either unto God or man, whatsoever it is that doth happen in the world hath in the ordinary course of nature its proper reference; neither is there anything, that in regard of nature is either new, or reluctant and intractable, but all things both usual and easy.
conversation, when he so spends every day, as if it were his last day: never hot and vehement120 in his affections, nor yet so cold and stupid as one that had no sense; and free from all manner of dissimulation121.
bear without indignation with such and so many sinners, as have ever been, yea not only so, but also take such care for them, that they want nothing; and dust thou so grievously take on, as one that could bear with them no longer; thou that art but for a moment of time? yea thou that art one of those sinners thyself? A very ridiculous thing it is, that any man should dispense123 with vice and wickedness in himself, which is in his power to restrain; and should go about to suppress it in others, which is altogether impossible.
XLII. What object soever, our reasonable and sociable faculty doth meet
with, that affords nothing either for the satisfaction of reason, or for the practice of charity, she worthily124 doth think unworthy of herself.
XLIII. When thou hast done well, and another is benefited by thy action,
must thou like a very fool look for a third thing besides, as that it may appear unto others also that thou hast done well, or that thou mayest in time, receive one good turn for another? No man useth to be weary of that which is beneficial unto him. But every action according to nature, is beneficial. Be not weary then of doing that which is beneficial unto thee, whilst it is so unto others.
XLIV. The nature of the universe did once certainly before it was
created, whatsoever it hath done since, deliberate and so resolve upon the creation of the world. Now since that time, whatsoever it is, that is and happens in the world, is either but a consequent of that one and first deliberation: or if so be that this ruling rational part of the world, takes any thought and care of things particular, they are surely his reasonable and principal creatures, that are the proper object of his particular care and providence125. This often thought upon, will much conduce to thy tranquillity.
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memento
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| n.纪念品，令人回忆的东西 | |
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philosophical
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| adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的 | |
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conceit
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| n.自负，自高自大 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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wilt
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| v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎；(指人)疲倦，衰弱 | |
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herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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contentions
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| n.竞争( contention的名词复数 )；争夺；争论；论点 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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steadfast
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| adj.固定的，不变的，不动摇的；忠实的；坚贞不移的 | |
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meekly
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| adv.温顺地，逆来顺受地 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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12
ratiocination
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| n.推理；推断 | |
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13
apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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ostentation
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| n.夸耀，卖弄 | |
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joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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17
expedient
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| adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计 | |
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18
lameness
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| n. 跛, 瘸, 残废 | |
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19
alacrity
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| n.敏捷，轻快，乐意 | |
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20
decency
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| n.体面，得体，合宜，正派，庄重 | |
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21
concur
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| v.同意，意见一致，互助，同时发生 | |
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22
comely
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| adj.漂亮的，合宜的 | |
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23
animate
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| v.赋于生命，鼓励；adj.有生命的，有生气的 | |
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24
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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25
apprehend
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| vt.理解，领悟，逮捕，拘捕，忧虑 | |
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bounty
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| n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与 | |
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27
vex
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| vt.使烦恼，使苦恼 | |
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28
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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29
persuasion
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| n.劝说；说服；持有某种信仰的宗派 | |
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30
adjure
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| v.郑重敦促(恳请) | |
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31
nourishment
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| n.食物，营养品；营养情况 | |
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32
torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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33
devoured
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| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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34
transgress
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| vt.违反，逾越 | |
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35
kinsmen
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| n.家属，亲属( kinsman的名词复数 ) | |
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36
vile
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| adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的 | |
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37
subsist
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| vi.生存，存在，供养 | |
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38
asunder
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| adj.分离的，化为碎片 | |
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39
sunder
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| v.分开；隔离；n.分离，分开 | |
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40
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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41
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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42
quenched
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| 解（渴）( quench的过去式和过去分词 )； 终止（某事物）； （用水）扑灭（火焰等）； 将（热物体）放入水中急速冷却 | |
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43
kindle
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| v.点燃，着火 | |
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44
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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45
innocence
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| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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46
alteration
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| n.变更，改变；蚀变 | |
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47
trespass
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| n./v.侵犯，闯入私人领地 | |
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48
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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49
heed
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| v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心 | |
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50
tranquillity
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| n. 平静, 安静 | |
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51
unreasonable
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| adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的 | |
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52
lusts
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| 贪求（lust的第三人称单数形式） | |
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53
circumscribe
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| v.在...周围划线，限制，约束 | |
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54
guilt
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| n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责 | |
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55
penetrate
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| v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解 | |
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56
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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57
modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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58
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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59
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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60
extinction
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| n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种 | |
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61
interception
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| n.拦截；截击；截取；截住，截断；窃听 | |
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62
shameful
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| adj.可耻的，不道德的 | |
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63
bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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64
equity
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| n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票 | |
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65
lament
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| n.悲叹，悔恨，恸哭；v.哀悼，悔恨，悲叹 | |
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66
lawful
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| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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67
generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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68
preservation
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| n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持 | |
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69
virtuously
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| 合乎道德地，善良地 | |
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70
virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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71
purge
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| n.整肃，清除，泻药，净化；vt.净化，清除，摆脱；vi.清除，通便，腹泻，变得清洁 | |
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72
dross
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| n.渣滓；无用之物 | |
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73
filth
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| n.肮脏，污物，污秽；淫猥 | |
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74
tumults
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| 吵闹( tumult的名词复数 )； 喧哗； 激动的吵闹声； 心烦意乱 | |
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75
barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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76
miraculously
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| ad.奇迹般地 | |
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77
conversions
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| 变换( conversion的名词复数 )； （宗教、信仰等）彻底改变； （尤指为居住而）改建的房屋； 橄榄球（触地得分后再把球射中球门的）附加得分 | |
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78
monarchies
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| n. 君主政体, 君主国, 君主政治 | |
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79
commonwealths
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| n.共和国( commonwealth的名词复数 )；联邦；团体；协会 | |
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80
tune
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| n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整 | |
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81
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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82
entanglements
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| n.瓜葛( entanglement的名词复数 )；牵连；纠缠；缠住 | |
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83
corrupt
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| v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的 | |
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84
divers
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| adj.不同的；种种的 | |
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85
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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86
wrestler
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| n.摔角选手，扭 | |
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87
adverse
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| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
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88
equanimity
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| n.沉着，镇定 | |
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89
meekness
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| n.温顺，柔和 | |
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90
prosecuted
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| a.被起诉的 | |
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91
converse
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| vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反 | |
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92
accurately
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| adv.准确地，精确地 | |
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93
apprehended
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| 逮捕，拘押( apprehend的过去式和过去分词 )； 理解 | |
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94
ordained
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| v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定 | |
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95
faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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96
faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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97
distraction
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| n.精神涣散，精神不集中，消遣，娱乐 | |
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98
calamity
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| n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件 | |
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99
fickle
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| adj.(爱情或友谊上)易变的，不坚定的 | |
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100
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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101
posture
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| n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势 | |
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102
testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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103
bereft
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| adj.被剥夺的 | |
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104
slumber
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| n.睡眠，沉睡状态 | |
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105
unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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106
eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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107
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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108
adversaries
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| n.对手，敌手( adversary的名词复数 ) | |
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109
commendable
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| adj.值得称赞的 | |
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110
vexing
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| adj.使人烦恼的，使人恼火的v.使烦恼( vex的现在分词 )；使苦恼；使生气；详细讨论 | |
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111
condescending
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| adj.谦逊的,故意屈尊的 | |
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112
logician
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| n.逻辑学家 | |
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113
naturalist
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| n.博物学家(尤指直接观察动植物者) | |
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114
pampered
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| adj.饮食过量的，饮食奢侈的v.纵容，宠，娇养( pamper的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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115
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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116
discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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117
sociable
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| adj.好交际的，友好的，合群的 | |
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118
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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119
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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120
vehement
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| adj.感情强烈的；热烈的；(人)有强烈感情的 | |
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121
dissimulation
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| n.掩饰，虚伪，装糊涂 | |
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122
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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123
dispense
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| vt.分配，分发；配(药)，发(药)；实施 | |
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124
worthily
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| 重要地，可敬地，正当地 | |
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125
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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