3021The soldiers indeed chafed21 at this and mutiny seemed imminent22, when some of the mounted scouts23, who had ridden right up to the walls, captured a few stragglers from Cremona, and learnt from them that six Vitellian legions and the whole Hostilia army had that very day covered thirty miles, and, hearing of their comrades' defeat, were already arming for battle and would be on them immediately. This alarming news cured their obstinate24 deafness to the general's advice. He ordered the Thirteenth legion to take up their position on the raised Postumian high-road. In touch with them on the left wing in the open country were the Seventh Galbian, beside whom stood the Seventh Claudian, so placed that their front was protected by a ditch. On the right wing were the Eighth, drawn25 up along an open cross-road, and next to them the Third, distributed among some thick clumps26 of trees. Such, at any rate, was the order of the eagles and standards. In the darkness the soldiers were confused and took their places at random27. The band of Guards60 was next to the Third, and the auxiliaries28 on the wings, while the cavalry29 were disposed in support round the flanks and the rear. Sido and Italicus with their picked band of Suebi61 fought in the front line.
22For the Vitellians the right course was to rest at Cremona and recuperate30 their strength with food and a night's rest, and then on the next day to crush and 31rout the Flavians when they were stiff with cold and weak from hunger. But they had no general;62 they had no plan. Though it was nearly nine at night they flung themselves upon the Flavians, who were standing32 steady in their places to receive them. In their fury and the darkness the Vitellian line was so disordered that one can hardly venture to describe the disposition33 of their troops. However, it has been stated that the Fourth Macedonian legion were on the right flank; in the centre were the Fifth and Fifteenth with the detachments of the Ninth, the Second and the Twentieth from Britain; the Sixteenth, the Twenty-second, and the First formed the left wing. The men of the Rapax and Italian legions63 were distributed among all the companies.64 The cavalry and auxiliaries picked their own position. All night the battle raged with varying fortune, never decided35, always savagely36 contested. Disaster threatened now one side, now the other. Courage, strength were of little use: their eyes could not even see in front of them. Both sides were armed alike; the watchwords, constantly demanded, soon became known; the standards were all in confusion, as they were captured and carried off from one band to another. The Seventh legion, raised recently by Galba, suffered most severely37. Six of the senior centurions fell and several 32standards were lost. They nearly lost their eagle too, but it was rescued by the bravery of the senior centurion10, named Atilius Verus, who after great slaughter of the enemy fell finally himself.
23Antonius had meanwhile called up the Guards to reinforce his wavering line. Taking up the fight, they repulsed38 the enemy, only to be repulsed in their turn. For the Vitellian artillery39, which had at first been scattered40 all along the line, and had been discharged upon the bushes without hurting the enemy, was now massed upon the high-road, and swept the open space in front. One immense engine in particular, which belonged to the Fifteenth, mowed41 down the Flavian line with huge stones. The slaughter thus caused would have been enormous, had not two of the Flavian soldiers performed a memorable42 exploit. Concealing43 their identity by snatching up shields from among the enemy's dead,65 they cut the ropes which suspended the weights of the engine. They fell immediately, riddled44 with wounds, and so their names have perished. But of their deed there is no doubt.
Fortune had favoured neither side when, as the night wore on, the moon rose and threw a deceptive45 glamour46 over the field of battle. Shining from behind the Flavians the moon was in their favour. It magnified the shadows of their men and horses so that the enemy took the shadow for the substance, and their 33missiles were misdirected and fell short. The Vitellians, on the other hand, had the moon shining full on them and were an easy mark for the Flavians, shooting as it were out of cover.66
24Thus being enabled to recognize his own men, and to be recognized by them, Antonius appealed to some by taunting47 their honour, to many by words of praise and encouragement, to all by promising48 hope of reward. He asked the Pannonian legions why they had drawn their swords again. Here on this field they could regain49 their glory and wipe out the stain of their former disgrace.67 Then turning to the Moesian troops, who were the chief promoters of the war,68 he told them it was no good challenging the Vitellians with verbal threats, if they could not bear to face them and their blows. Thus he addressed each legion as he reached it. To the Third he spoke50 at greater length, reminding them of their victories both old and new. Had they not under Mark Antony defeated the Parthians69 and the Armenians under Corbulo?70 Had they not but lately crushed the Sarmatians?71 Then he turned in fury on the Guards. 'Peasants that you are,' he shouted, 'have you another emperor, another camp waiting to shelter you, if you are defeated? There in the enemy's line are your standards 34and your arms: defeat means death and—no, you have drained disgrace already to the dregs.'
These words roused cheers on all sides, and the Third, following the Syrian custom,72 saluted51 the rising sun. 25Thus arose a casual rumour—or possibly it was suggested by the general's ingenuity—that Mucianus had arrived, and that the two armies were cheering each other. On they pressed, feeling they had been reinforced. The Vitellian line was more ragged52 now, for, having no general to marshal them, their ranks now filled, now thinned, with each alternation of courage and fear. As soon as Antonius saw them waver, he kept thrusting at them in massed column. The line bent53 and then broke, and the inextricable confusion of wagons54 and siege-engines prevented their rallying. The victorious55 troops scattered along the cross-road in headlong pursuit.
The slaughter was marked by one peculiar56 horror. A son killed his father. I give the facts and names on the authority of Vipstanus Messala.73 One Julius Mansuetus, a Spaniard who had joined the legion Rapax, had left a young son at home. This boy subsequently grew up and enlisted57 in the Seventh legion, raised by Galba.74 Chance now sent his father in his way, and he felled him to the ground. While he was ransacking58 the dying man, they recognized each other. Flinging his arms round the now lifeless corpse2, in 35a piteous voice he implored59 his father's spirit to be appeased60 and not to turn against him as a parricide61. The crime was his country's, he cried; what share had a single soldier in these civil wars? Meanwhile he lifted the body and began to dig a grave and perform the last rites62 for his father. Those who were nearest noticed this; then the story began to spread, till there ran through the army astonishment63 and many complaints and curses against this wicked war. Yet they never ceased busily killing64 and plundering65 friends and relatives and brothers; and while they talked of the crime they were committing it themselves.
26When they reached Cremona a fresh task of vast difficulty awaited them. During the war with Otho75 the German army had entrenched66 their camp round the walls of Cremona and then erected68 a rampart round the camp; and these fortifications had been further strengthened. The sight of them brought the victors to a halt, and their generals were uncertain what instructions to give. The troops had had no rest for a day and a night. To storm the town at once would be an arduous69 and, in the absence of reserves, a perilous70 task. On the other hand, a retreat to Bedriacum would involve the intolerable fatigue71 of a long march, and destroy the value of their victory. Again, it would be dangerous to entrench67 themselves so close to the lines of the enemy, who might at any minute sally forth72 and rout31 them while they were dispersed73 and digging trenches74. The chief anxiety lay in the temper 36of the men, who were much more ready to face danger than delay. To them discretion75 was disagreeable and hazard spelt hope. Their thirst for plunder outweighed76 all fears of wounds and bloodshed.
27Antonius also inclined to this view and gave orders for them to surround the rampart. At first they stood back and delivered volleys of arrows and stones, suffering themselves the severer loss, for a storm of missiles rained down from the walls. Antonius then told off each legion to assault a different point of the rampart or one of the gates, hoping that by thus separating them he could distinguish the cowards from the brave and inflame77 them with a spirit of honourable78 rivalry79. The Third and Seventh took the position nearest the road to Bedriacum; the Eighth and Seventh Claudian assaulted the right-hand side of the rampart; the Thirteenth swept up to the Brixian Gate.76 A brief delay was caused while some fetched mattocks and pickaxes from the fields, and others hooks and ladders. Then holding their shields above their heads in close 'tortoise' formation,77 they advanced under the rampart. Both sides employed Roman tactics. The Vitellians rolled down huge masses of stones, and, as the sheltering cover of shields parted and wavered, they thrust at it with lances and poles, until at last 37the whole structure was broken up and they mowed down the torn and bleeding soldiers beneath with terrible slaughter.
The men would certainly have hesitated, had not the generals, realizing that they were really too tired to respond to any other form of encouragement, pointed80 significantly to Cremona. 28Whether this was Hormus's idea, as Messala78 records, or whether we should rather follow Caius Pliny, who accuses Antonius, it is not easy to determine. This one may say, that, however abominable81 the crime, yet in committing it neither Antonius nor Hormus belied82 the reputation of their lives. After this neither wounds nor bloodshed could stay the Flavian troops. They demolished83 the rampart, shook the gates, climbed up on each other's shoulders, or over the re-formed 'tortoise', and snatched away the enemy's weapons or caught hold of them by the arms. Thus the wounded and unwounded, the half-dead and the dying, all came rolling down and perished together by every imaginable kind of death.
29The fight raged thickest round the Third and Seventh legions, and the general, Antonius, came up with a picked band of auxiliaries to support their assault. The Vitellians, finding themselves unable to resist the attack of troops thus stubbornly vying84 with each other, and seeing their missiles all glide85 off the shelter of shields, at last sent their engine of war crashing down upon their heads. For the moment it 38scattered and crushed beneath it the men on whom it fell, but it dragged with it some of the battlements and the top of the rampart. At the same moment one of the towers on the rampart gave way under a shower of stones. While the men of the Seventh struggled up to the breach86 in close column,79 the Third hewed87 down the gate with hatchets and swords. All the authorities80 agree that Caius Volusius of the Third legion was the first man in. Emerging on the top of the rampart, he hurled88 down those who barred his path, and from this conspicuous89 position waved his hand and shouted that the camp was taken. The others poured through, while the Vitellians in panic flung themselves down from the rampart, and the whole space between the camp and the walls became a seething90 scene of carnage.
30Here, again, was a new type of task for the Flavians. Here were high walls, stone battlements, iron-barred gates, and soldiers hurling91 javelins. The citizens of Cremona were numerous and devoted92 to the cause of Vitellius, and half Italy had gathered there for the Fair which fell just at that time. Their numbers were a help to the defenders93, but the prospect94 of plundering them offered an incentive95 to their assailants. Antonius ordered his men to bring fire and apply it to the most beautiful of the buildings outside the walls, hoping that the loss of their property might induce the citizens to turn traitor96. The houses that stood nearest to 39the walls and overtopped them he crowded with his bravest troops, who dislodged the defenders with showers of beams and tiles and flaming torches. 31Meanwhile, some of the legionaries began to advance in 'tortoise' formation,81 while others kept up a steady fire of javelins and stones.
Gradually the spirit of the Vitellians ebbed97. The higher their rank, the more easily they gave way to misfortune. For they were afraid that if Cremona too82 was demolished, there would be no hope of pardon; the victors' fury would fall not on the common poor but on the tribunes and centurions, whom it would pay to kill. The common soldiers felt safe in their obscurity, and, careless of the future, continued to offer resistance. They roamed the streets or hid themselves in houses, and though they had given up the war, refused even so to sue for peace. Meanwhile the tribunes and centurions did away with the name and portraits of Vitellius.83 They released Caecina, who was still in irons,84 and begged his help in pleading their cause. When he turned from them in haughty98 contempt they besought99 him with tears. It was, indeed, the last of evils that all these brave men should invoke100 a traitor's aid. They then hung veils and fillets85 out on the walls, and when Antonius had given the order to cease 40firing, they carried out their standards and eagles, followed by a miserable101 column of disarmed102 soldiers, dejectedly hanging their heads. The victors had at first crowded round, heaping insults on them and threatening violence, but when they found that the vanquished103 had lost all their proud spirit, and turned their cheeks with servile endurance to every indignity104, they gradually began to recollect105 that these were the men who had made such a moderate use of their victory at Bedriacum.86 But when the crowd parted, and Caecina advanced in his consular106 robes, attended by his lictors in full state, their indignation broke into flame. They charged him with insolence107 and cruelty, and—so hateful is crime—they even flung his treachery in his teeth.87 Antonius restrained them and sent Caecina under escort to Vespasian.
32Meanwhile the citizens of Cremona suffered sorely from the violence of the troops, and only the entreaties108 of their generals could withhold109 them from a general massacre110. Antonius summoned a mass meeting and delivered a eulogy111 upon his victorious army, promising mercy to the vanquished and speaking of Cremona in ambiguous terms. Besides their natural passion for plunder, there was an old grudge112 which urged them to sack Cremona. The town was believed to have given assistance to the Vitellian cause before this in the war with Otho;88 and again, when the Thirteenth 41had been left behind to build an amphitheatre,89 the populace had shown its town-bred impertinence by assailing113 them with insolent114 ridicule115. Other causes increased this bad feeling: it was here that Caecina had given his show of gladiators:89 the town had become for a second time the theatre of the war: the citizens had conveyed food to the Vitellians during the battle: some women had been killed, whose enthusiasm for the cause had led them to take part in the fight. Besides all this, the Fair had filled the rich city with an even greater display of wealth than usual. All eyes were now centred on Antonius, whose fame and good fortune overshadowed all the other generals. It so happened that he hurried off to the baths to wash off the stains of blood. Finding fault with the temperature of the water, he received the answer, 'It will not be long before it is hot,' and this phrase was caught up. The attendant's words were repeated, and brought all the odium on Antonius, who was thus believed to have given the signal to set fire to Cremona, which was already in flames.90
33Thus forty thousand soldiers burst into the town with a yet larger crowd of servants and sutlers, even more depraved than the soldiers in their readiness for cruelty and lust116. Without any respect for age or for 42authority they added rape117 to murder and murder to rape. Aged34 men and decrepit118 old women, who were worthless as booty, were hustled119 off to make sport for them. If some grown girl or a handsome youth fell into their clutches, they would be torn to pieces in the struggle for possession, while the plunderers were left to cut each other's throats. Whoever carried off money or any of the solid gold offerings in the temples was liable to be cut to pieces, if he met another stronger than himself. Some, disdaining120 easy finds, hunted for hidden hoards121, and dug out buried treasure, flogging and torturing the householders. They held torches in their hands and, having once secured their prize, would fling them wantonly into an empty house or some dismantled122 temple. Composed as the army was of citizens, allies, and foreign troops, differing widely in language and customs, the objects of the soldiers' greed differed also. But while their views of what was right might vary, they all agreed in thinking nothing wrong.
Cremona lasted them four days. While all other buildings sacred and secular123 sank in the flames, only the temple of Mefitis outside the walls was left standing, saved either by its position or the power of the presiding deity124.91
34Such was the end of Cremona two hundred and eighty-six years after its foundation. It had been originally built in the consulship125 of Tiberius Sempronius and Publius Cornelius, while Hannibal was 43threatening to invade Italy, to serve as a bulwark126 against the Gauls beyond the Po,92 and to resist any other power that might break in over the Alps. And so it grew and flourished, aided by its large number of settlers, its conveniently situated127 rivers,93 the fertility of its territory, and its connexion through alliance and intermarriage with other communities. Foreign invasions had left it untouched only to become the victim of civil war. Antonius, ashamed of his crime, and realizing his growing disfavour, proclaimed that no citizen of Cremona was to be kept as a prisoner of war; and, indeed, the unanimous feeling in Italy against buying such slaves had already frustrated128 the soldiers' hope of profit. So they began to kill their captives, whose relatives and friends, when this became known, covertly129 bought their release. After a while, the rest of the inhabitants returned, and the squares and temples were rebuilt by the munificence130 of the burghers and under Vespasian's direct patronage131.
35However, the soil was so foully132 infected by the reek3 of blood that it was impossible for the Flavians to encamp for long on the ruins of this buried city. They advanced along the road to the third milestone133, and mustered134 the Vitellians, still straggling and panic-stricken, each under his own standard. The defeated legions were then distributed through Illyricum, for the civil war was still in progress and their fidelity135 44could not be relied on. They then dispatched couriers to carry the news to Britain and the Spanish provinces. To Gaul they sent an officer named Julius Calenus, to Germany Alpinius Montanus, who had commanded an auxiliary136 cohort. Montanus was a Treviran and Calenus an Aeduan; both had fought for Vitellius and thus served to advertise Vespasian's victory. At the same time garrisons137 were sent to hold the passes of the Alps, for fear that Germany might rise in support of Vitellius.
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1
corpses
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| n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 ) | |
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corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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reek
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| v.发出臭气；n.恶臭 | |
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reeking
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| v.发出浓烈的臭气( reek的现在分词 )；散发臭气；发出难闻的气味 (of sth)；明显带有（令人不快或生疑的跡象） | |
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slaughter
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| n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀 | |
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submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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utterance
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| n.用言语表达，话语，言语 | |
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plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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centurions
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| n.百人队长，百夫长（古罗马的军官，指挥百人）( centurion的名词复数 ) | |
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centurion
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| n.古罗马的百人队长 | |
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rattle
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| v.飞奔，碰响；激怒；n.碰撞声；拨浪鼓 | |
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authoritative
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| adj.有权威的，可相信的；命令式的；官方的 | |
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temerity
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| n.鲁莽，冒失 | |
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foresight
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| n.先见之明，深谋远虑 | |
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ambush
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| n.埋伏(地点)；伏兵；v.埋伏；伏击 | |
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hatchets
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| n.短柄小斧( hatchet的名词复数 )；恶毒攻击；诽谤；休战 | |
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implements
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| n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效 | |
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javelins
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| n.标枪( javelin的名词复数 ) | |
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mound
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| n.土墩，堤，小山；v.筑堤，用土堆防卫 | |
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gaping
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| adj.口的；张口的；敞口的；多洞穴的v.目瞪口呆地凝视( gape的现在分词 )；张开，张大 | |
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chafed
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| v.擦热（尤指皮肤）( chafe的过去式 )；擦痛；发怒；惹怒 | |
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imminent
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| adj.即将发生的，临近的，逼近的 | |
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scouts
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| 侦察员[机，舰]( scout的名词复数 )； 童子军； 搜索； 童子军成员 | |
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obstinate
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| adj.顽固的，倔强的，不易屈服的，较难治愈的 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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clumps
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| n.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的名词复数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声v.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的第三人称单数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声 | |
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random
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| adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动 | |
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auxiliaries
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| n.助动词 ( auxiliary的名词复数 )；辅助工，辅助人员 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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recuperate
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| v.恢复 | |
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rout
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| n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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savagely
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| adv. 野蛮地，残酷地 | |
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severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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repulsed
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| v.击退( repulse的过去式和过去分词 )；驳斥；拒绝 | |
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artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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40
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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41
mowed
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| v.刈，割( mow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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42
memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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43
concealing
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的现在分词 ) | |
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44
riddled
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| adj.布满的；充斥的；泛滥的v.解谜，出谜题(riddle的过去分词形式) | |
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45
deceptive
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| adj.骗人的，造成假象的，靠不住的 | |
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46
glamour
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| n.魔力，魅力；vt.迷住 | |
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47
taunting
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| 嘲讽( taunt的现在分词 )； 嘲弄； 辱骂； 奚落 | |
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48
promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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49
regain
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| vt.重新获得，收复，恢复 | |
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50
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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51
saluted
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的过去式和过去分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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52
ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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53
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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54
wagons
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| n.四轮的运货马车( wagon的名词复数 )；铁路货车；小手推车 | |
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55
victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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56
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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57
enlisted
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| adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持） | |
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58
ransacking
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| v.彻底搜查( ransack的现在分词 )；抢劫，掠夺 | |
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59
implored
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| 恳求或乞求（某人）( implore的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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60
appeased
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| 安抚，抚慰( appease的过去式和过去分词 )； 绥靖（满足另一国的要求以避免战争） | |
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61
parricide
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| n.杀父母；杀亲罪 | |
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62
rites
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| 仪式，典礼( rite的名词复数 ) | |
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63
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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64
killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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65
plundering
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| 掠夺，抢劫( plunder的现在分词 ) | |
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66
entrenched
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| adj.确立的，不容易改的(风俗习惯) | |
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67
entrench
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| v.使根深蒂固；n.壕沟；防御设施 | |
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68
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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69
arduous
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| adj.艰苦的，费力的，陡峭的 | |
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70
perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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71
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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72
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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73
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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74
trenches
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| 深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕 | |
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75
discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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76
outweighed
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| v.在重量上超过( outweigh的过去式和过去分词 )；在重要性或价值方面超过 | |
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77
inflame
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| v.使燃烧；使极度激动；使发炎 | |
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78
honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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79
rivalry
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| n.竞争，竞赛，对抗 | |
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80
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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81
abominable
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| adj.可厌的，令人憎恶的 | |
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82
belied
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| v.掩饰( belie的过去式和过去分词 )；证明（或显示）…为虚假；辜负；就…扯谎 | |
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83
demolished
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| v.摧毁( demolish的过去式和过去分词 )；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光 | |
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84
vying
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| adj.竞争的；比赛的 | |
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85
glide
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| n./v.溜，滑行；(时间)消逝 | |
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86
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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87
hewed
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| v.（用斧、刀等）砍、劈( hew的过去式和过去分词 )；砍成；劈出；开辟 | |
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88
hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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89
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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90
seething
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| 沸腾的，火热的 | |
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91
hurling
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| n.爱尔兰式曲棍球v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的现在分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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92
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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93
defenders
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| n.防御者( defender的名词复数 )；守卫者；保护者；辩护者 | |
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94
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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95
incentive
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| n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机 | |
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96
traitor
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| n.叛徒，卖国贼 | |
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97
ebbed
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| （指潮水）退( ebb的过去式和过去分词 )； 落； 减少； 衰落 | |
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98
haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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99
besought
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| v.恳求，乞求（某事物）( beseech的过去式和过去分词 )；(beseech的过去式与过去分词) | |
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100
invoke
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| v.求助于(神、法律)；恳求，乞求 | |
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101
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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102
disarmed
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| v.裁军( disarm的过去式和过去分词 )；使息怒 | |
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103
vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制 | |
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104
indignity
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| n.侮辱，伤害尊严，轻蔑 | |
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105
recollect
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| v.回忆，想起，记起，忆起，记得 | |
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106
consular
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| a.领事的 | |
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107
insolence
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| n.傲慢；无礼；厚颜；傲慢的态度 | |
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108
entreaties
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| n.恳求，乞求( entreaty的名词复数 ) | |
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109
withhold
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| v.拒绝，不给；使停止，阻挡 | |
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110
massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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111
eulogy
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| n.颂词；颂扬 | |
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112
grudge
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| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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113
assailing
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| v.攻击( assail的现在分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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114
insolent
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| adj.傲慢的，无理的 | |
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115
ridicule
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| v.讥讽，挖苦；n.嘲弄 | |
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116
lust
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| n.性(淫)欲；渴(欲)望；vi.对…有强烈的欲望 | |
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117
rape
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| n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸 | |
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118
decrepit
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| adj.衰老的，破旧的 | |
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119
hustled
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| 催促（hustle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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120
disdaining
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| 鄙视( disdain的现在分词 )； 不屑于做，不愿意做 | |
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121
hoards
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| n.（钱财、食物或其他珍贵物品的）储藏，积存( hoard的名词复数 )v.积蓄并储藏（某物）( hoard的第三人称单数 ) | |
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122
dismantled
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| 拆开( dismantle的过去式和过去分词 )； 拆卸； 废除； 取消 | |
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123
secular
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| n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的 | |
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124
deity
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| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
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125
consulship
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| 领事的职位或任期 | |
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126
bulwark
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| n.堡垒，保障，防御 | |
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127
situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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128
frustrated
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| adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧 | |
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129
covertly
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| adv.偷偷摸摸地 | |
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130
munificence
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| n.宽宏大量，慷慨给与 | |
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131
patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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132
foully
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| ad.卑鄙地 | |
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133
milestone
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| n.里程碑；划时代的事件 | |
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134
mustered
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| v.集合，召集，集结（尤指部队）( muster的过去式和过去分词 )；（自他人处）搜集某事物；聚集；激发 | |
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135
fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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136
auxiliary
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| adj.辅助的，备用的 | |
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137
garrisons
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| 守备部队，卫戍部队( garrison的名词复数 ) | |
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