“Everything outside of Buenos Aires,” was his reply.
“Is Rosario a part of the Camp?” I questioned, for Rosario is the second municipality in the Argentine Republic, and is a city approaching two hundred thousand inhabitants.
“Yes, but we would not say so in Rosario.”
This little conversation reveals the pride of all Porte?os, as they call themselves, in their city, for the term Camp is used as country is with us. Buenos Aires contains the wealth and culture of the republic, and is the centre of the political as well as national life. One-fifth of the entire population dwell there, for the head has outgrown1 the body. “Paris is France,” says the Parisian, but the importance of that capital to France is outclassed[23] by the significance of Buenos Aires to Argentina.
Buenos Aires is a wonderful city, and its inhabitants are a remarkable2 people. Italians and Spanish abound4 there in great numbers; thousands of French, British and Germans have found a haven5 on the low bank of the Rio de la Plata, and it would be difficult to find a race in Asia or Africa that has not its representatives in that cosmopolitan6 metropolis7. On the street almost any tongue may be heard, and nearly every European language is represented by its own newspaper. It is not a tropical city, such as Rio de Janeiro, nor an indolent one, but a city of business and enterprise with a great deal of the Latin love of pleasure in evidence. Women have become open competitors of men in the offices and stores, and the old conservatism of Spain has been compelled to yield to a broader cosmopolitanism8.
“There is nothing in any other city that cannot be found here,” is the boast of the Porte?o. In a general sense the claim is true. The skyscraper9, the elevated railway and the “tube” are missing, but there are few conveniences or luxuries that cannot be purchased, if one only[24] has the price. The price is usually high, for Buenos Aires is a very expensive city in which to live. Nearly all articles pass through the custom house and have a certain percentage added to the original cost in the foreign markets.
There are almost a million and a quarter of these busy people who make their homes in Buenos Aires. In the New World it is exceeded in population by only three cities of the United States. It is as cosmopolitan as New York, and is the hub and centre of the whole republic. On the vast pampas grow the grain and meat which sustain the energies of the factory workers of Europe, who, in turn, send to Argentina the product of their looms10 and machine shops. It is upon the fertility of these broad leagues, which produce such great quantities of cereals, meat, wool and hides, that the people live. There is little manufacturing in the city and the absence of smoke-stacks is the most striking aspect, when viewed from a height by an American.
“GIANT CRANES ARE SWINGING”
It is only necessary to go down to the immense docks of Buenos Aires to get a vivid idea of the vast commerce of this city. It is a scene that cannot be duplicated even in New[25] York with its far greater traffic. All you can see along those docks is the lofty bow of an ocean greyhound heaving up now and then above the dock-shed, as the tide ebbs11 and flows, and each one looks very much like the other. Here in Buenos Aires they stretch along the edges of the basins, funnel12 behind funnel, bridge behind bridge, as far as one can see, until the vision is lost in a veritable sea of masts. A splendid freighter just in from Europe and loaded with champagne13, automobiles14 and other luxuries may lie next to a river boat just in from Paraguay and loaded with oranges and bananas. Giant cranes are swinging, heaped-up trucks are constantly on the move and men are carrying loads backward and forward. Here are vessels15 from all the carrying nations of the world, flying the flags of Germany, Italy, France, Great Britain, Spain and Austria, but the flag of the United States is not visible. Out of the thousands of vessels which entered this port last year, there were only four small ships that sailed under the stars and stripes of Uncle Sam. Out in the river dozens of boats may be seen anchored, for the freighters are oftentimes obliged to wait three or four weeks before they can enter[26] one of the basins and discharge their cargo16. Outside the vast warehouses17, which are always packed clear to the roofs, are scores of trucks and drays busily loading or unloading, and conveying freight to and from the railroad freight depots18 and the commission houses. And just beyond the line of drays is the dock railroad, where the switch engines are busily engaged in shoving cars backward and forward.
These immense docks, built only a few years ago, are already too small, so rapidly has Buenos Aires grown. Although almost four hundred years old, this city is as new as Chicago. For generations it remained only a miserable19 collection of mud huts, with lots three miles deep that could be purchased for an old, broken-down horse, or a second-hand20 suit of clothes. When our Declaration of Independence was given to the world only three thousand people lived on these mud flats now built up with great structures. Then it began to grow slowly, until a half-century ago it had reached a population of seventy-five thousand. Its greatest growth, however, has been in the last twenty years. A quarter of a century ago there was only a flat mudbar along the waterfront[27] of Buenos Aires. Ships were compelled to anchor several miles out in the river. Boxes, bales and passengers were conveyed ashore21 in lighters22 and row-boats. High-wheeled carts were then pushed out into the water so that passengers could land without getting wet. Plans for a system of docks were then prepared by an English engineer, which were completed at a cost of forty millions of dollars. Five great basins were constructed which extended along the river front for three miles. At that time, however, the tonnage of this port was less than a million. Now it has reached ten millions, and additional basins are absolutely necessary. A magnificent and commodious23 custom house is now being built at a cost of a million and a half of dollars to provide room for the large working force necessary to care for this immense export and import trade.
It is as a town of pleasure, however, that the native Argentinian loves to think of his capital. “Paris,” says he, “why, Paris and Buenos Aires should not be mentioned in the same breath.” In his opinion Buenos Aires has Paris beat to a “frazzle,” although that particular word has not yet entered his vocabulary.[28] This is the feature of the city that almost any inhabitant will dwell upon whenever you meet him. In his opinion the theatres cannot be equalled. He will tell you of the Casino, where the best vaudeville24 acts of all Europe are played; and of La Escala, where the singers follow each other in melancholy25 procession, each one dressed in the same strapless bodice and stiff, bespangled skirt. One may sing in French, another in Italian and still another in Spanish, but each one wriggles26 her powdered shoulders and presses her hands to her heart in the same pathetic way. The men smoke and stare, seldom applauding, and the Argentine ladies—they give La Escala a wide berth27.
“THEY FILE AROUND AND AROUND BETWEEN THE PALMS”
Then there is the Jockey Club, with an entrance fee and annual dues higher than any club in New York. Only native Argentinians can belong to it, although the diplomats28 and a few other favoured foreigners are given an honorary membership. There is an English Club which is rather an exclusive organization, and a German Club which occupies a fine new building. The Club de Residentes Estranjeros, or, as it is generally called, the Strangers’ Club, is the one that appeals most to the visitor,[29] however, for a stranger will be given the courtesies of the club for one month upon a simple introduction by a member. There are at least fifty similar social organizations in Buenos Aires, for the Porte?os are a hospitable29 and sociable30 people and love to mingle31 together socially. The races are held on Sunday afternoons from twelve o’clock to three. Outside the race track may be seen a long line of carriages and automobiles drawn32 up along the curb33. The instant the races are over this line melts away and every vehicle wends its way toward beautiful Palermo Park, where, joined by hundreds of other similar vehicles, they file around and around between the palms and indulge themselves in the passion of staring at everyone else. At five o’clock on a Sunday afternoon, or on feast days, of which there are more than thirty in the course of a year, the crowds are at their greatest. The parade of vehicles is oftentimes three deep and would stretch out many miles if placed one behind the other in a straight line. There are no dark mantillas and no closed carriages to conceal34 the female occupants, and it is a sight for the men. It is a procession of human upholstery with expensive trappings, huge Parisian hats,[30] expensive gowns and an abundance of cosmetics35. Side by side with rich turnouts plated with silver and gold, magnificent horses and footmen as well as coachmen in rich livery, may be seen men just in from the Camp dressed in their less sophisticated clothes and riding in hired victorias, and the music-hall singers with their overdressed air and ravishing smiles, which they bestow36 with a generous freedom.
Calle Florida is the fashionable shopping street. In the late hours of the afternoon the street is crowded with the shoppers and idlers, and all traffic is excluded from the thoroughfare during those hours. Mamma and her daughters, Juanita and Carmencita, are out to look at the pretty things, the latter in their freshly starched37 skirts and bright-coloured ribbons. Others, who have no shopping to do, invent some excuse for being on Florida at that hour, and the young dandies stand on the corners, twirling moustaches that turn up at an angle of forty-five degrees and smoking the inevitable38 cigarette. When the witching hours of night have come the crowds again appear. Calles Florida, Cangallo, Esmeralda, Cuyo, Maipu and many others are brilliantly illuminated39, for the theatres and cafés are in that[31] section, as well as the best restaurants, and rathskellers, and these people certainly love to eat. There are many good restaurants, of which the Sportsman is probably the most popular. Here you may partake of almost any European dish—to say nothing of native ones. In addition to music a free moving picture show is provided. To obtain a seat at certain hours it is necessary to make arrangements beforehand, for diners linger long at the table. The meal usually begins with a dish of cold meats. Then comes a salad or the soup, together with the appetizers40. Fish and three or four kinds of meat then follow, ending with a pastry41 or dulce (sweet) of some kind. It is surprising to see what a meal a thin Spaniard will put himself on the outside of, together with a choice assortment42 of liquors, and seem no worse for the effort.
During my visit the “Merry Widow” was being played in three different languages, French, Italian and Spanish, in as many different theatres. The Teatro Colon43 is the largest opera house in South America and the very best of opera is given there, a government subsidy44 being granted. There are few of the world’s great artists who have not appeared[32] here at some time in their career. In no country in the world can better Italian opera be heard. It will seat thousands of people, and it is always a fashionably dressed audience. A thousand dollars for a season box is readily paid by the nabob of Buenos Aires. Low-necked gowns for the women and evening dress for the men predominate, and jewels by the peck may be seen sparkling all over the audience. Nowhere can wealth and beauty be seen in greater abundance.
There are almost as many Italians as those of Spanish birth in Buenos Aires. If all the Italians in the city were gathered together into one quarter they would make up a town as large as Genoa. Likewise the “Spaniards from Spain,” who now live in Buenos Aires, would populate a city larger than old Toledo. The British colony is probably next in numbers, with the German a close rival and France following in the rear. Americans do not cut much of a figure in numbers, for the North American Society, recently organized, had great difficulty in locating three hundred who claimed allegiance to the Stars and Stripes. And yet this small but enthusiastic body agreed to furnish a statue of George Washington, the father[33] of liberty not only in our own land but in all the Americas, to be erected45 in that city. The city government has generously granted a site in one of the finest locations in the city. It will be a pleasure to future visitors from the United States to see the familiar likeness46 of our honoured hero gazing down at them with his benevolent47 manner in this Latin city.
Buenos Aires is very much unlike our American cities. In the first place there are no skyscrapers48 that lift their lofty roofs upward. The highest building does not exceed six or seven stories in height. Then there are miles upon miles of streets with buildings of one story predominating. It is laid out in rectangular blocks, averaging about four hundred feet on each side. The streets are narrow, and even in the residence sections they are generally built clear up to the street line. These narrow streets are a relic49 of the old days when this city was small and dormant50. Narrow thoroughfares then meant shaded walks, but shade at that time was a more valuable asset than it is now in a hustling51 city. The principal business streets, such as Florida, Cuyo, Cangallo, Bartolomé Mitre, San Martin, 25th of May, etc., are only thirty-three feet wide, and you[34] will wonder how the traffic is managed. It is done in this wise. Street cars and vehicles are only allowed to move one way. On the adjoining street they will move in the opposite direction. It is surprising how this plan helps to solve a serious problem of congestion52. Cabs and automobiles dash along with seeming disregard of human life, and yet few accidents result. A uniformed policeman is stationed at each street intersection53 where traffic is congested, and assists in the protection of foot passengers and drivers. This police force made up of men with Indian blood in their veins54 impresses the visitor as most efficient. There is now a law in effect that no street shall be opened up in the future that is less than sixty feet in width.
THE AVENIDA ALVEAR
There is one exception to the narrow streets, and that is the broad and imposing Avenida de Mayo, near the centre of the city. This street, with its wide pavements and rows of trees, lined on either side by hotels, fine stores and office buildings, reminds one of the famous avenues of Paris. The open-air cafés, which line the broad sidewalks of this avenue, only emphasize this resemblance and testify to the fact that the old-world spirit is still alive in[35] Buenos Aires. At one end of the street is the Plaza56 de Mayo, at the far side of which is the government building in which are the administration offices; and at the other terminus, a mile away, is the Palace of Congress, which has just been completed after thirteen years of building, and at a cost of eight million dollars. With its great dome57 it gives a prospect58 very much like that of the Capitol at the end of Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington. The cross streets all begin and end at Calle Rivadavia, just one block from this avenue, for they have a different name on the two ends. One of the streets in the city is called Estados Unidos, which is the Spanish for United States. The Avenida Alvear, which leads out to Palermo, is another striking street. The mansions59 which line it are interspersed60 with gardens and plazas61, and this broad avenue gains in beauty by this wealth of verdure and flowers.
The people of this southern metropolis may put off until “to-morrow” many things, after the manner of the Spanish people, but they do not idle to-day. Everywhere it is work, work, work, and the people earn their bread by the actual sweat of the brow. That is, all except the wealthy estancieros, or plantation62 owners,[36] who became wealthy by the marvellous rise in the value of their lands. Many men bought a square league of pampa land fifteen or twenty years ago for a few thousand dollars, and it is now worth fifty dollars an acre. This enables them to live in Buenos Aires in idleness and comparative luxury. Greater opportunities, another climate and the virgin63 soil have instilled64 a new life into bodies and brains. It is a mingling65 of the spirit of the old world and the new which shapes the daily life of this city. The term “effete,” so often applied66 to Latin nations, and the “proverbial laziness” of Spaniard and Italian, so often referred to by writers, does not apply here. From the shipping67 sections where boats, barges68 and tugs69 throng70 in endless procession, from the flats on the river where hundreds of acres have been reclaimed71 in recent years, to the business section and the wide tree-planted avenues where the electric cars rush out into the residence section, the traveller will observe nothing but movement and effort, unceasing work and activity. In fact, were it not for the difference in architecture, a warmer shade in the complexion72 of the people, the sonorous73 consonants74 of the Castilian tongue, and the fact that the[37] passer-by who jostles you never fails to lift his hat and apologize, the traveller might imagine himself in some unfamiliar75 part of New York or Philadelphia. There are the same workmen laying asphalt streets, the same gangs of builders and labourers tearing down buildings and laying foundations for great business structures, or demolishing76 rows of houses to make way for new avenues or squares. Everywhere the city is expanding. It already covers an area four times as large as Manhattan Island, three times larger than Berlin and more than twice that of Paris.
The Spanish people love the beautiful, and that same trait is observed in Argentina. There are many beautiful plazas in Buenos Aires, as well as several free public parks and gardens. In all there are seventy-two of these artistic77 recreation spaces where the “good airs” of the city can be enjoyed by the population. The finest park is magnificent Palmermo with its rich vegetation, which is a half-hour’s ride from the centre of the city. This park is a breathing-place and recreation-ground of which any city might be proud. Although it is below the tropics, yet some species of the palm thrive here, and the vegetation[38] is more luxuriant and much different from that of the latitude78 of New York or Chicago. The principal sporting and play grounds are all near this park. Through it runs a broad boulevard which leads out to Belgrano, the fashionable suburb of the capital. In this suburb, as well as in the city proper, there are many magnificent private homes, which are veritable palaces. In the older part of the city the courtyard, or patio79, so typical of Spanish architecture, may be seen. The glimpse of the foliage80 and blossom that it reveals is decidedly refreshing81. In the later buildings, sad to say, the patio has disappeared, for the increased value of space seems to forbid this luxury. The network of bars at the windows has likewise vanished.
The city offers a prize each year for the handsomest structure that is erected, the awarding of which is in the hands of a regularly organized commission. In addition to the reward, which goes to the architect, the owner is exempted83 from taxes for a certain period, and is reimbursed84 out of the city’s funds for whatever sums he has expended85 in creating a street front of artistic character. Buenos Aires owes very little of its beauty to[39] nature. Lest some inharmonious advertising86 should mar3 the scene the municipality has taken control of all out-of-door display advertising. No poster can be placed on wall or fence unless it passes muster87 with the official in charge of this work. The height of a building must have a fixed88 relation to the width of the street, in order to preserve the light and air. Less than two decades ago the space occupied by the docks was a marshy89 strip of ground. Now a broad park called the Paseo Cristobal Colon (Columbus) has been laid out and planted with trees and shrubbery. Built upon a site with no natural beauty, so much more credit is due the landscape artists who have transformed this dreary90 spot.
The markets of Buenos Aires are interesting places to visit. The best hour to visit them is very early in the morning, for everything is astir at that time and all the supplies may be seen in their abundance. As early as four o’clock all is bustle91 and life. The throng is so great that it is oftentimes with difficulty that one can thread his way through the busy crowd of buyers, sellers and porters. The markets are not especially beautiful but they have a wholesome92 cleanliness. The most striking feature[40] is the overflowing93 quantities of everything. Eggs are there by the thousands of dozens, vegetables by the van-load, meat by the ton and fruit by the car-load. The contents of a whole orchard94 may be seen at a glance. One could fill his house with the fine peaches and pears and scarcely see any diminution95 in the supply. These two fruits, together with the Mendoza grape, are the finest kinds. It used to be that one could buy a week’s supply of vegetables for a small sum, and meat for almost a song, but prices, except for meats, are now almost as high as in our own city markets. A noisy, bustling96, motley crowd of people of all sizes and colours fill the aisles97. Buxom98 cooks, pretty Italian girls and vendors99 with their enormous baskets jostle against each other. To watch the bantering100 is a source of endless amusement.
“COWS ARE BROUGHT TO THE DOOR”
“You are a thief, as every one knows,” says the market woman. “Oh, Se?ora, only an angel like you could say such things,” replies the merchant. And thus they go on passing similar compliments without either one losing his or her temper until a bargain is finally struck. The vendors, however, do not unduly101 urge, and apparently102 do not seem to care[41] whether you buy or not. There seems to be no standard of value. In the late afternoon meat may be purchased very cheap, as the law requires all meat to be sold the same day on which it is killed. The butchers go out to the municipal slaughtering103 houses very early in the morning and kill as many animals as they think they can sell that day.
Those who do not find it convenient to come to the market are supplied by the vendors, who carry fruits and vegetables from door to door. Their supplies are carried in baskets which are suspended on poles swung across the shoulders. The air is filled with the cries of these picturesque104 peripatetic105 merchants, of the scissors-grinders and the dealer106 in notions, most of whom are Italians. In the morning and evening cows are brought to the door and milk drawn direct from nature’s reservoirs in any quantity desired. The tinkle107 of a bell is the herald108 of the milkman’s approach, and the doors open as the good housewife or maid appears with pitcher109 in hand. Donkey’s milk is also delivered in the same way, and its use is often preferred for the feeding of infants.
The capital of Argentina is more like an American city than any other city of South[42] America. The architecture is entirely110 dissimilar, but the movement on the streets, the arrangement of the stores, and the general bearing of the people bears a marked resemblance. They like to be called the Yankees of South America, for that term signifies energy, resourcefulness and progressiveness. They are deserving of the term too. They are less strenuous111 than Americans, for they love holidays and enter heartily112 into the holiday spirit whenever the occasion permits. In that way they seem to get a great deal of pleasure out of life, perhaps more than many of our intensely absorbed, overworked business men.
It is not a city one need hesitate to visit. All the creature comforts may be had. There are good physicians, good hospitals, good schools and the other advantages of populated centres in either the United States or Europe. There are no less than sixteen hospitals in the city, most of which are maintained either by the municipal or federal government. The British Hospital is an admirable institution, and is the one generally patronized by the Americans, for it has a staff of very able physicians. There are also numerous asylums114 for various unfortunates, foundlings’ homes, orphanages115, etc.,[43] of a very high character. Electric street cars, which carried one hundred and twenty-five million passengers last year, run in every direction, and splendid trains convey passengers to almost every part of the republic. Carriages of all kinds and taxicabs remind one of New York and London. Hotels and restaurants abound on every hand. A visit to this southern metropolis opens one’s eyes to the fact that South America is forging ahead at a much more rapid pace than we have ever dreamed.
One of the finest cemeteries116 of the world is the Ricoleta Cemetery, the fashionable burying place of Buenos Aires. As one enters its appearance is that of a marble and granite117 city, with small palaces on either side, and narrow streets which are paved the same as the streets of a city. These small palaces are vaults119 within which the mortal remains120 of the departed are buried. They are of all sizes and conditions, from small to massive, and from the grand to the unpretentious. Some are the palaces of the rich and others the humble121 tenements122 of the poor. A few of these vaults contain hundreds of bodies. All have but one room that can be seen as you enter, and this room[44] is rather furnished as a chapel123 of the dead, and is not, as a rule, very large. The entrance to the tomb is by a door almost at the level of the street. Sometimes a marble slab124 in this room may contain the sarcophagus of some distinguished125 member of the family, but in general this small room is only the entrance to the vault118 underneath126, which contains the bodies. One will generally find this small room filled with flowers, real or artificial, and bouquets127 are oftentimes placed there at intervals128 of only a few days. The outside doors of this mausoleum are often of plate glass, furnished with locks, and many of them have lace curtains and gratings of iron curiously129 wrought130. In the vault underneath the coffins131 are placed on shelves, one above another in niches132 which have been provided and then cemented in. Although this cemetery is not large it contains, so it is said, about two hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants.
One of the oddest customs in Buenos Aires is that relating to funerals and the burial of the dead. In this city funerals are great functions and the average burial is a very expensive affair. The undertakers advertise their business much as merchants advertise their dry[45] goods. Each one will state how much more he will furnish for his money than his competitor, and praise the caskets which he will furnish and style in which he will conduct the funeral. These are provided in first, second and third class. A first-class funeral is a very imposing occasion. The hearses provided are the most ornate I have ever seen. They are always black, drawn by black horses, and the woodwork is made of carved ebony in very intricate design. Coachmen and footmen, both in the same sombre black livery, are provided, and many coaches follow the hearse, also provided with a coachman in mourning dress. Then again the newspapers will be filled with advertisements of families giving an invitation to their friends to be present at the funeral, also announcing the masses which are given from year to year on the anniversary of the funeral, and inviting133 their friends to be present at this solemn service. At the church servants will be posted at the door to receive the cards of those who go in, or those who send their regrets, the same as they would at any other social occasion. By scanning the papers the Argentinians keep track of the masses said for their friends. The Argentinians are very respectful toward funerals,[46] and every one will reverently134 bare his head as a cortege passes by.
The expense of conducting the business of this great city runs into big figures. For the year 1909 the total sum was about thirty million dollars, but the resources were in excess of this amount. In addition to some property tax there are many special imposts, such as tax on advertising permits, building permits, slaughterhouses, markets, cemeteries, street cars, carriages, etc. The national lottery135 pays a certain proportion of its receipts into the municipal coffers, and the race courses also contribute. The liquor license136 is small, and as a result the number of such establishments where intoxicants are sold is very large, although saloons or bars after the American or English fashion are found only in the business districts. Lecherias, or milk shops, are very numerous, and thousands of gallons of milk are sold over the counters by the glass. Frozen milk takes the place of ice cream at these establishments, which are very neat and cleanly. The police force numbers nearly five thousand, or about one to every two hundred and forty persons. The fire department has numerous stations and is well organized. There are both a national[47] and a municipal department of hygiene137, which have control over all municipal sanitation138. The efficient work of these organizations has brought down the death rate to where it will compare very favourably139 with the other large cities of the world.
The water supply and sewer140 system of the capital are likewise under the direction of the national government. Few cities of the world have a better service. The water is taken from the La Plata River far enough up to avoid any chance of pollution. It is obtained from wells which are driven beneath the bottom of the river, and the water is pumped through tunnels to a central station. Here it is filtered and then distributed to all sections of the city. The central reservoir, called the Aguas Corrientes, is in the heart of the city. With its imposing brick and terra cotta facing on every side, it looks like a magnificent palace, and so I thought it at first sight. Inside, however, it consists only of immense tanks from which the water gravitates over the city. This shell constructed for the water tanks cost the municipality almost a million dollars, and it is all done for the sole purpose of adding to the artistic beauty of the capital.
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outgrown
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| 长[发展] 得超过（某物）的范围( outgrow的过去分词 )； 长[发展]得不能再要（某物）； 长得比…快； 生长速度超过 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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mar
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| vt.破坏，毁坏，弄糟 | |
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abound
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| vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于 | |
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haven
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| n.安全的地方，避难所，庇护所 | |
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cosmopolitan
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| adj.世界性的，全世界的，四海为家的，全球的 | |
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metropolis
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| n.首府；大城市 | |
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cosmopolitanism
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| n. 世界性,世界主义 | |
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skyscraper
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| n.摩天大楼 | |
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looms
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| n.织布机( loom的名词复数 )v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的第三人称单数 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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ebbs
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| 退潮( ebb的名词复数 )； 落潮； 衰退 | |
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funnel
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| n.漏斗；烟囱；v.汇集 | |
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champagne
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| n.香槟酒；微黄色 | |
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automobiles
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| n.汽车( automobile的名词复数 ) | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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cargo
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| n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物 | |
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warehouses
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| 仓库，货栈( warehouse的名词复数 ) | |
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depots
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| 仓库( depot的名词复数 )； 火车站； 车库； 军需库 | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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second-hand
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| adj.用过的，旧的，二手的 | |
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21
ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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22
lighters
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| n.打火机，点火器( lighter的名词复数 ) | |
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23
commodious
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| adj.宽敞的；使用方便的 | |
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24
vaudeville
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| n.歌舞杂耍表演 | |
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25
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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wriggles
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| n.蠕动，扭动( wriggle的名词复数 )v.扭动，蠕动，蜿蜒行进( wriggle的第三人称单数 )；（使身体某一部位）扭动；耍滑不做，逃避（应做的事等） | |
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27
berth
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| n.卧铺，停泊地，锚位；v.使停泊 | |
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28
diplomats
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| n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人 | |
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29
hospitable
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| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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30
sociable
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| adj.好交际的，友好的，合群的 | |
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31
mingle
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| vt.使混合，使相混；vi.混合起来；相交往 | |
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32
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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33
curb
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| n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制 | |
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34
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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35
cosmetics
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| n.化妆品 | |
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36
bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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37
starched
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| adj.浆硬的，硬挺的，拘泥刻板的v.把（衣服、床单等）浆一浆( starch的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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38
inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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39
illuminated
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| adj.被照明的；受启迪的 | |
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40
appetizers
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| n.开胃品( appetizer的名词复数 )；促进食欲的活动；刺激欲望的东西；吊胃口的东西 | |
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41
pastry
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| n.油酥面团，酥皮糕点 | |
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42
assortment
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| n.分类，各色俱备之物，聚集 | |
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43
colon
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| n.冒号，结肠，直肠 | |
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44
subsidy
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| n.补助金，津贴 | |
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45
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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46
likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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47
benevolent
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| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
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48
skyscrapers
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| n.摩天大楼 | |
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49
relic
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| n.神圣的遗物，遗迹，纪念物 | |
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50
dormant
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| adj.暂停活动的；休眠的；潜伏的 | |
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51
hustling
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| 催促（hustle的现在分词形式） | |
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52
congestion
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| n.阻塞，消化不良 | |
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53
intersection
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| n.交集，十字路口，交叉点；[计算机] 交集 | |
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54
veins
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| n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理 | |
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55
imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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56
plaza
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| n.广场，市场 | |
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57
dome
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| n.圆屋顶，拱顶 | |
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58
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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59
mansions
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| n.宅第，公馆，大厦( mansion的名词复数 ) | |
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60
interspersed
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| adj.[医]散开的；点缀的v.intersperse的过去式和过去分词 | |
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61
plazas
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| n.（尤指西班牙语城镇的）露天广场( plaza的名词复数 )；购物中心 | |
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62
plantation
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| n.种植园，大农场 | |
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63
virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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64
instilled
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| v.逐渐使某人获得（某种可取的品质），逐步灌输( instill的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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65
mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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66
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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67
shipping
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| n.船运（发货，运输，乘船） | |
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68
barges
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| 驳船( barge的名词复数 ) | |
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69
tugs
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| n.猛拉( tug的名词复数 )；猛拖；拖船v.用力拉，使劲拉，猛扯( tug的第三人称单数 ) | |
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70
throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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71
reclaimed
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| adj.再生的；翻造的；收复的；回收的v.开拓( reclaim的过去式和过去分词 )；要求收回；从废料中回收（有用的材料）；挽救 | |
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72
complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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73
sonorous
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| adj.响亮的，回响的；adv.圆润低沉地；感人地；n.感人，堂皇 | |
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74
consonants
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| n.辅音，子音( consonant的名词复数 )；辅音字母 | |
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75
unfamiliar
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| adj.陌生的，不熟悉的 | |
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76
demolishing
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| v.摧毁( demolish的现在分词 )；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光 | |
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77
artistic
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| adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的 | |
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78
latitude
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| n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区 | |
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79
patio
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| n.庭院，平台 | |
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80
foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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81
refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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82
palatial
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| adj.宫殿般的，宏伟的 | |
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83
exempted
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| 使免除[豁免]( exempt的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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84
reimbursed
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| v.偿还，付还( reimburse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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85
expended
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| v.花费( expend的过去式和过去分词 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽 | |
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86
advertising
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| n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的 | |
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87
muster
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| v.集合，收集，鼓起，激起；n.集合，检阅，集合人员，点名册 | |
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88
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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89
marshy
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| adj.沼泽的 | |
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90
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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91
bustle
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| v.喧扰地忙乱，匆忙，奔忙；n.忙碌；喧闹 | |
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92
wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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93
overflowing
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| n. 溢出物,溢流 adj. 充沛的，充满的 动词overflow的现在分词形式 | |
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94
orchard
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| n.果园，果园里的全部果树，(美俚)棒球场 | |
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95
diminution
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| n.减少；变小 | |
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96
bustling
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| adj.喧闹的 | |
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97
aisles
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| n. (席位间的)通道, 侧廊 | |
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98
buxom
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| adj.（妇女）丰满的，有健康美的 | |
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99
vendors
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| n.摊贩( vendor的名词复数 )；小贩；（房屋等的）卖主；卖方 | |
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100
bantering
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| adj.嘲弄的v.开玩笑，说笑，逗乐( banter的现在分词 )；（善意地）取笑，逗弄 | |
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101
unduly
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| adv.过度地，不适当地 | |
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102
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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103
slaughtering
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的现在分词 ) | |
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104
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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105
peripatetic
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| adj.漫游的，逍遥派的，巡回的 | |
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106
dealer
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| n.商人，贩子 | |
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107
tinkle
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| vi.叮当作响；n.叮当声 | |
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108
herald
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| vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎 | |
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109
pitcher
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| n.(有嘴和柄的)大水罐；(棒球)投手 | |
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110
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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111
strenuous
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| adj.奋发的，使劲的；紧张的；热烈的，狂热的 | |
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112
heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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113
cemetery
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| n.坟墓，墓地，坟场 | |
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114
asylums
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| n.避难所( asylum的名词复数 )；庇护；政治避难；精神病院 | |
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115
orphanages
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| 孤儿院( orphanage的名词复数 ) | |
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116
cemeteries
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| n.（非教堂的）墓地，公墓( cemetery的名词复数 ) | |
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117
granite
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| adj.花岗岩，花岗石 | |
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118
vault
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| n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室 | |
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119
vaults
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| n.拱顶( vault的名词复数 )；地下室；撑物跳高；墓穴 | |
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120
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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121
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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122
tenements
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| n.房屋，住户，租房子( tenement的名词复数 ) | |
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123
chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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124
slab
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| n.平板，厚的切片；v.切成厚板，以平板盖上 | |
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125
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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126
underneath
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| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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127
bouquets
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| n.花束( bouquet的名词复数 )；（酒的）芳香 | |
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128
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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129
curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
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130
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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131
coffins
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| n.棺材( coffin的名词复数 )；使某人早亡[死，完蛋，垮台等]之物 | |
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132
niches
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| 壁龛( niche的名词复数 )； 合适的位置[工作等]； （产品的）商机； 生态位（一个生物所占据的生境的最小单位） | |
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133
inviting
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| adj.诱人的，引人注目的 | |
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134
reverently
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| adv.虔诚地 | |
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135
lottery
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| n.抽彩；碰运气的事，难于算计的事 | |
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136
license
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| n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许 | |
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137
hygiene
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| n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic） | |
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138
sanitation
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| n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备 | |
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139
favourably
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| adv. 善意地，赞成地 =favorably | |
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140
sewer
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| n.排水沟，下水道 | |
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