Pele broke forth1 in great rage when her people slunk back, their errand not half accomplished2. “Ingrates, I know you. Out of pity for that handsome fellow, you have just made a pretense3 and thrown a few cinders4 at his feet. Go back and finish your work. Go!”
Hiiaka, on witnessing the second charge of the fire-brigade, again broke forth in song:
Hulihia Kilauea, po i ka uahi;
Nalowale i ke awa1 ka uka o ka Lua.
Moana He?ia—la kapu i ke Akua!
Haki palala-hiwa ke alo o ka pohaku;
Ai’na makai a’ahu, koe ka oka—
Koe mauka o ka Lae Ohi’a.
Haki’na ka hala, apana ka pohaku;
Kiké ka alá; uwé ka mamane—
Ka leo o ka laau waimaka nui,
O ka wai o ia kino á pohaku,
Kanaka like Kau-huhu ke oko o ke ahi;
Ho’onu’u Puna2 i ka mahu o ka Wahine.
Kahá ka lehua i ka uka o Ka-li’u;
Makua ke ahi i ka nahelehele—
Ke á li’u-la o Apua.
E ha’a mai ana i ku’u maka
Ka ponaha lehua mauka o Ka-ho’i-kú;
Puni’a i ke awa ka uka o Nahunahu:
Kiná Puna, e poá i ke Akua.
Ua kaulu-wela ka uka o Olue?; [198]
Ua haohia e ke ahi, ku ka halelo.2
Moku kahawai, niho’a ka pali;
Ua umu pa-enaena ke alo o ka pohaku.
O Ihi-lani,3 o Ihi-awaawa,4
Hekili ke’eke’e, ka uila pohaku;
Puoho, lele i-luna, ka alá kani oleolé,
Kani au-moe, kani ku-wá, kani helele’i;
Owé, nakeke i ka lani, nehe i ka honua;
Ku’u pali kuhoho holo walawala i-luna, i-lalo;
Ka iho’na o ka pali uhi’a e ka noe;
Pa’a i ka ohu na kikepa lehua a ka Wahine;
Ho’o-maka’u ka uka—he ahi ko ka Lua.
Ke ho’o-malana a’e la e ua na opua;
Ne’ene’e i kai o Papa-lau-ahi.
Lapalapa ka waha o ke Akua lapu;
Hukihuki5 ka lae ohi’a o Kai-mú,
E hahai aku ana i-mua, i-hope.
Hopo aku, hopo mai;
Hopo aku au o ka ua liilii noe lehua i ka papa.
O Pua’a-kanu6 oheohe, me he kanáka oa7 la i ka La;
Ke’a ka maha lehua i kai o Ka-pili nei: [199]
I pili aku ho’i maua o haele,8
E pi’i i ka uka, e kui, e lei i ka lei,
Ka lehua o ka ua nahuhu—(nahunahu)
Nahu’a e ke ahi—uli ke a—
Mahole ka papa, manihole i ka ai ia e ke Akua:
Ai kolohe ka Wahine ia Puna,
Ho’o-pohaku i ka Lae Ohi’a.
Ka uahi o ka mahu ha’a-lele’a i uka;
Ka hala, ka lehua, lu ia i kai.
Ha’aha’a Puna, ki’eki’e Kilauea:
Ko Puna kuahiwi mau no ke ahi.
O Puna, aina aloha!
Aloha-ino Puna, e moe’a nei,
Ka aina i ka ulu o ka makani!
The language of this mele is marked by a certain mannerism5 that can hardly be described as either parallelism or as antithesis6, though it approaches now one and now the other. It is as if each picture could not be accomplished save by representing its grouping from more than one point of view.
TRANSLATION
He?ia is whelmed by a tidal wave;—
The face of the cliff is splintered away;
The lowlands are littered with fragments;
Her besom spares other land, not the park.
The screw-palms are rent, the rock-plates shattered;
The tree-gods weep at their change into stone.
Man, like the roof-pole, strangles in smoke;
Puna chokes with the steam of the Woman;
How groan the lehuas of Ka-li’u!
A quivering flame enwraps Apua.
Mine eyes are blinded at the sight
Of the forest-circle of Ho’o-kú; [200]
Nahunahu is swallowed up in the rack.
Olue?’s uplands quiver with heat—
Like an oven glows the face of the rocks.
And bitter thunder-bombs; rocks burst and fly.
A crash of splintered echoes breaks the night,
My towering cliff is shook like a reed;
The trail adown the cliff is wreathed in steam;
The storm-clouds spread their wings for rain;
They rush in column over the plain.
A besom-stroke to wooded Kai-mú.
Destruction follows before and behind;
A brooding horror wraps my soul
As the fine rain covers the plain.
A spectacle this for the eye of Day!
An offering’s laid—a pig? a man!
Deem’st it a crime to snuggle close in travel?
That we gathered flowers in the woods?
That we strung them and plaited wreaths?
That we hung them about our necks?—
Red blossoms that sting us like fire—
A fire that burns with a devilish flame,
And this—is the work of the God!
The faithless Woman! Puna sacked!
The Park of Lehua all turned to rock!
The column of rock moves ever on;
Lehuas and palms melt away,
As the fire sweeps down to the sea.
For Puna’s below and Pele above,
And Puna’s mountain is ever aflame.
Oh Puna, land close to my heart!
Land ever fore-front to the storm!
[201]
“Cowed, and by a boy!” said Pele as her servants, with shame in their faces, slunk away from their unfinished task. “This is no job for women,” she continued. “These girls can’t stand up before a man—not if he has a smooth face and a shapely leg.”
As she spoke27 the fire-lake in Hale-ma’u-ma’u took on a ruddier hue28, lifted in its cauldron and began to boil furiously, spouting29 up a score of red fountains.
“Men, gods, take these fires and pour them upon the man,” said Pele, addressing Lono-makua, Ku-pulupulu, Ku-moku-halii, Ku-ala-na-wao, Kupa-ai-ke’e, Ka-poha-kau, Ka-moho-alii, Kane-milo-hai and many others.
The gods well knew on what perilous30 ground they stood, with whom they had to deal, the fierceness of Pele’s wrath31 when it was stirred; yet, in their hatred32 of a great wrong, they moved with one purpose to push back the fires that were threatening Lohiau. With their immortal33 hands they flung away the embers and masses of flame until the heavens were filled with meteor-fragments.
Pele’s wrath rose to a mighty34 heat at this act of mutiny and disloyalty and she cursed the whole assembly. “Go,” said she, “back to Huli-nu’u whence you came. Let the land on which you stand remain barren and yield no harvest nor any food for mortal or for immortal.”
Now Pele was one of the chief gods on earth. The land was hers. Did she not make it? Her authority extended also to heaven. Did not her flames mount to the zenith? All the gods, even the great gods Ku, Kane, Kanaloa and Lono, depended on her for certain things. When she voyaged from Kahiki to the new land of Hawaii they were constrained35 to follow her. Not because of any command she laid upon them did they do this, but because such was their inclination36. Where Pele was there was food, wealth, the things they had need of. They followed as a dog tags after its master.
The threat made by Pele was, then, no idle breath. It was a thing of terrible moment—to be stripped of their fat offices and banished37 to a far-off barren land, a terrible sentence. Some of the gods gave in at once and made their peace with the terrible goddess. Of those who stood firm in their opposition38 were Ku-moku-hali’i, Ku pulu-pulu, Ku-ala-na-wao, Kupa-ai-ke’e and Ku-mauna.9 Condemned39 to banishment40, they were indeed in a [202]sorry plight. They found themselves on the instant deprived of their jobs and of their power. Food they had not, nor the means of obtaining it; these were in the possession of Kane and Kanaloa. The ocean was not free to them; it was controlled by Ka-moho-alii. In their extremity41 they became vagabonds and took to the art of canoe-making. Thus were they enabled to fly to other lands.
New dispositions42 having been made and fresh stratagems43 set on foot, Pele turned loose another deluge44 of fire, Lono-makua consenting to manage the operation. The fire burst into view at Keaau, from which place it backed up into the region of Ola’a and there divided into two streams, one of which continued on the Hilo side, while the other followed a course farther towards Kau. Lohiau, thus surrounded, would find himself obliged to face Pele’s wrath without the possibility of retreat.
Hiiaka, not fearing for herself but seeing the danger in which her lover was placed, bade him pray; and this was the prayer he offered:
Popo’i, haki kaiko’o ka lua;
Haki ku, Haki kakala, ka ino,
Popo’i aku i o’ü o lehua,
I Kani-a-hiku,10 wahine11 ai lehua,
A ka unu12 kupukupu, a eha ka pohaku
I ka uwalu a ke ahi,
I ke kaunu a ka Pu’u-lena:13
Huli ka moku, nakeke ka aina; [203]
Kuhala-kai,14 kuhulukú15 ka mauna;
Pehu ka leo i Pu’ukú-akahi;16
Hano ka leo i Pu’uku-alua;16
Aheahe ana i Mauna Kua-loi17—
I kauhale a ke Akua.
I ke ahu a Ka-hoa-lii.18
Kahá ka leo o ka ohi’a;
Uwé ka leo o ke kai;
Huli ke alo o Papa-lau-ahi.
Kai ho’onaue hala ko Kea?u;
Kai lu lehua ko Pana-ewa;
Ke popo’i a’e la i ke ahu a Lono, e.
E lono ana no anei? He ho’okuli;
He kuli ia nei, he lono ole.
TRANSLATION
A storm and wild surf in the Pit,
The fire-waves dashing and breaking;
Spume splashes the buds of lehua—
The bird-choir—O consumer of trees,
O’erthrowing the fishermen’s altar;
The rocks melt away in thy flame;
Fierce rages the Pu’u-lena;
A flood of rain on the lowland,
A boom, as of thunder, from this cliff;
A faint distant moaning from that cliff;
A whispered sigh from yonder hill,—
Now moans the heart of the restless sea.
Uptorn are the ancient fire-plates.
It beats at the altar of Lono.
Does she lend her heart to my cry?
Deaf—her ears are deaf to my prayer.
Let us picture to ourselves the scene of the story that now has the stage—a waterless, wind-swept, plain of volcanic52 slag53 and sand, sparsely54 clad with a hardy55 growth whose foliage56 betrays the influence of an environment that is at times almost Alpine57 in its austerity. Above the horizon-line swell58 the broad-based shapes of Mauna-kea, Mauna-loa and Hualalai. In the immediate59 foreground, overlooking the caldera—where are Pele’s headquarters—we see two figures, standing60, crouching61, or reclining, the lovers whose stolen bliss62 has furnished Pele with the pretext63 for her fiery discipline. Measured by the forces in opposition to them, their human forms shrink into insignificance64. Measured by the boldness of their words and actions, one has to admit the power of the human will to meet the hardest shocks of fortune. Listen to the swelling65 words of Lohiau as Pele’s encircling fires draw nearer:
Hulihia ka mauna, wela i ke ahi;
Wela nopu i ka uka o Kui-hana-lei;
Ke á pohaku; pu’u lele mai i uka o Ke-ka-ko’i—
Ke-ka-ko’i ka ho’okela mai ka Lua.
O ka maiau19 pololei kani le’ale’a;
O ka hinihini kani kua mauna;
O ka mapu leo nui, kani kóhakohá;
O kanáka loloa20 o ka mauna,
O Ku-pulupulu i ka nahele;
O na ’kua mai ka wao kele; [205]
O Kuli-pe’e-nui21 ai-ahua;
O Kiké alawa o Pi’i-kea;22
O ka uahi Pohina i uka;
O ka uahi mapu-kea i kai;
O ka uahi noe lehua, e;
O ke awa nui, i ka mauna;
O ke po’o o ke ahi, i ka nahele;
O ka ai’na a Pele ma, i uka;
Ua ku ke oka, aia i kai.
Pau a’e la ka maha laau—
Ka maha ohi’a loloa o Kali’u,
A ka luna i Pohaku-o-kapu.
Kapu mai la Puna, ua kulepe i ke ahi;
Ua puni haiki Kilauea.
Ua ha ka lama i ka luna i Moku-aweoweo;
Ua ha ka uka i Ke-ahi-a-Laka;
Ai’na a’e la o Moe-awakea i Ku-ka-la-ula,
A ka luna, i Pohaku-holo-na’e.
Ku au, kilohi, nana ilaila e maliu mai:
O ku’u ike wale aku ia Maukele,
I ka papa lohi o Apua—
He la lili’u, e nopu, e wela ka wawae.
Pau ke a, kahuli ha’a ka pahoehoe,
A pau na niu o kula i Kapoho.
Holo ke ahi mahao’o23 o Kua-uli;
Pau Oma’o-lala i ke ahi:
I hi’a no a á pulupulu i ka lau laau.
Kuni’a ka lani, haule ka ua loku;
Ka’a mai ka pouli, wili ka puahiohio;
Ka ua koko, ke owé la i ka lani.
Eia Pele mai ka Mauna, mai ka luna i Kilauea.
Mai O’olue?, mai Papa-lau-ahi a hiki Maláma.
Mahina ka uka o Ka-li’u;
Enaena Puna i ka ai’na e ke ’Kua wahine. [206]
Kahuli Kilauea me he ama24 wa’a la;
Pouli, kikaha ke Akua o ka Po;
Liolio i Wawau ke Akua o ka uka;
Niho’a ka pali, kala-lua i uka;
Lele pauma ka hulu maewaewa.
A’ea’e na akua i ka uka;
Noho Pele i ke ahiü;
Kani-ké ilalo o ka Lua.
Kahuli Kilauea, lana me he wa’a25 la;
Kuni’a a’e la Puna, mo’a wela ke one—
Mo’a wela paha Puna, e!
Wela i ke ahi au, a ka Wahine.
TRANSLATION
The Mount is convulsed; the surging fire
Sweeps o’er the height of Kui-hana-lei;
Far out by Ax-quarry, aye, and beyond,
And the grasshopper69 trilled on the mountain
Now comes the tall man of the mount,
Ku-pulupulu, the Lord of the Woods.
The knock-kneed monster Kuli-pe’e—
That subterraneous eater of towns—
A blinding smoke blurs the hinter-land;
A milk-white cloud obscures the lowland,
The smoke-rack bulks huge in the upland;—
The fire has its head in the Mount,
And thence the Pele gang start on a raid.
The ash of their ravage reaches the sea: [207]
Clean down to Pohaku-o-kapu.
Now, tabu is Puna, forbidden to man:
A torch buds out from Moku-awe?,
Now she’s eaten her way from sleepy noon
Here stand I to wait her relenting:
And the quivering plain of Apua:
All about is flame—the rock-plain rent;
The coco-palms that tufted the plain
Are gone, all gone, clean down to Ka-poho.
On rushes the dragon with flaming mouth,
Eating its way to Oma’o-lala.
For tinder it has the hair of the fern.
A ghastly rain blots out the sky;
Heaven groans, adrip, as with dragon-blood.
A wild raid down to Malama.
Kali’u’s highlands shine like the moon;
All Puna glows at the Goddess’ coming.
The crater’s upset; the ama flies up;
The Upland God makes a dash for Vavau.
Their front clean shaven, where sailed the bosen,—
White breast of down—on outstretched wings.
An ash-heap is Puna, melted its sand—
Crisp-done by thy fire, Thine, O Woman!
When Hiiaka recognized the desperate strait of her friend and lover she urged him to betake himself again to prayer. [208]
“Prayer may serve in time of health; it’s of no avail in the day of death,” was his answer.
It was not now a band of women with firebrands, but a phalanx of fire that closed in upon Lohiau. The whole land seemed to him to be a-flame. The pictures that flit through his disturbed mind are hinted at in the song he utters. The pangs93 of dissolution seem to have stirred his deeper nature and to have given him a thoughtfulness and power of expression that were lacking in the heyday94 of his lifetime. Hiiaka called on him for prayer and this was his response:
Pau Puna, ua koele ka papa;
Ua noe ke kuahiwi, ka mauna o ka Lua;
Ua awa mai ka luna o Uwé-kahuna—
Ka ohu kolo mai i uka,
Ka ohu kolo mai i kai.
Ke aá la Puna i ka uka o Na’ena’e;26
O ka lama kau oni’oni’o,27
O na wahine i ke anaina,
I ka piha a ka naoa o mua nei.
Oia ho’i ke kukulu 28 a mua;
Oia ho’i ke kukulu awa;
O kai awa i ka haki pali,
O kai a Pele i popo’i i Kahiki—
Popo’i i ke alo o Kilauea;
O kai a Ka-hulu-manu:29
Opiopi30 kai a ka Makali’i;
Ku’uku’u kai a ka pohaku, [209]
Ke ahi a ka noho31 uka,
Kukuni i ke kua32 o ka makani.
Wela ka ulu33 o ka La i Puna, e;
Kiná Puna i ka ai’na e ke Akua, e.
He akua34 ke hoa, e;
Ke kuhi la iaia he kanáka—
He akua ke hoa, e!
TRANSLATION
Puna is ravaged, its levels fire-baked;
Fog blots out the forest-heights of the Pit;
Uwé-kahuna’s plain is bitter cold—
A mist that creeps up from the sea,
A mist that creeps down from the mount;
Puna’s dim distant hills are burning—
A glancing of torches—rainbow colors—
The whole assembly of women.
In pity and love they stand before us;
They form the first line of battle
And they make up the second line.
The sea Pele turmoiled at Kahiki,
That surged at the base of Kilauea—
The bird-killing flood Ka-hulu-manu.
Makali’i’s waves were like folds in a mat;
Is the awful surge of the Pele folk.
The wind-blast enflames their dry tinder.
The face of the Sun is hot in Puna.
I companioned, it seems, with a god;
I had thought her to be very woman.
[210]
Apropos98 of the meaning of na’ena’e I will quote the words of a Hawaiian song by way of illustration:
Makalii lua ka La ia Ka-wai-hoa,35
Anoano i ka luna o Hoaka-lei:36
Lei manu i ka hana a ke kiü;37
Luli ke po’o, éha i ka La o Maka-lii,
Hoiloli lua i na ulu hua i ka hapapa.
TRANSLATION
How lonesome above Hoaka-lei!
Birds crown the hill to escape from the Kiü;
Men turn the head from the Sun’s winter heat
And scorn the loaves of the bread-fruit tree.
In answer to these words of Lohiau Pele muttered gruffly, “God! Did you take me to be a human being? That’s what is the matter with you, and your clatter100 is merely a wail101 at the prospect102 of death.”
Under the torture of the encircling fires Lohiau again babbles103 forth an utterance104 in which the hallucinations of delirium105 seem to be floating before him:
Wela ka hoku, ka Maláma:
Ua wela Makali’i, Kaelo ia Ka-ulua;38
Kai ehu ka moku, papápa ka aina;
Ha’aha’a39 ka lani; kaiko’o ka Mauna,
Ha ka moana; popo’i Kilauea.
Ale noho ana Papa-lau-ahi;
O mai Pele i ona kino—
Hekikili ka ua mai ka lani;
Nei ke ola’i; ha ka pohakahi a ka Ikuwá; [211]
Ku mai Puna ki’eki’e;
Ha’aha’a ka ulu a ka opua,
Pua ehu mai la uka o Ke-ahi-a-Laka;
Pau mahana i kahi Wai-welawela40 o ka Lua, e;
Iki’ki i ka uwahi lehua;
Paku’i ka uwahi Kanáka.
Pua’i hanu, e? ole i ke po’i a ke ahi.
E Hiiaka e, i wai maka e uwé mai!
TRANSLATION
The stars are on fire, and the moon;
Cold winter is turned to hot summer;
The island is girdled with storm;
There’s toss of a stormy ocean,
Wild surging in Kilauea;
Fire-billows cover the rocky plain,
For Pele erupts her very self.
A flood of rain follows lightning-bolt;
Answered with shouts from the Echo god.
Once Puna was lifted to heaven;
Wai-wela-wela supplies a warm skirt.
I choke in this smoke of lehua—
I strangle, my breath is cut off—
Your tears, Hiiaka, your tears!
[212]
1Awa. The full expression would probably be ua awa, bitter rain, i.e., bad weather. ↑
Ku ke a, ka halelo o Kaupo,
I ho’okipa i ka hale o ka lauwili:
E-lau-wili. He lau-wili ka makani, he Kaua-ula.
TRANSLATION
How jagged stand the rocks of Kaupo,
That once held the house of the shiftless!
↑
3Ihi-lani, literally113, the splendor114 of heaven; said to be a god of lightning, also the name of a hill. ↑
4Ihi-awaawa, said to be the name of a god of lightning, as well as the name of a hill. ↑
5Huki-huki, literally, to pull, to haul with a succession of jerks. The action here figured is eminently115 descriptive of the manner of advance of a lava116-flow. It is not with the uniform movement of a body of water. It shoots out a tongue of molten stuff here and there; and as this cools, or is for cause arrested, a similar process takes place at some other point. This movement bears a striking resemblance to the action of a body of skirmishers advancing under fire. Its progress is by fits and starts. ↑
6Pua’a-kanu. In spite of the fact that this is claimed by Hawaiians to be a place-name, I must see in it an allusion117 to a swine, devoted118 to sacrifice, connoting Lohiau himself. ↑
8Haele. By a figure of speech—metonymy—the word haele, meaning to travel, is used to signify a fellow traveler, the companion, of course, is Hiiaka herself. ↑
9Ku-mauna, a rain-god of great local fame and power; now represented by a monolithic121 bowlder about thirty feet high, partly overgrown with ferns and moss122, situated123 in the lower edge of the forest-belt, that lies to the south and Kau of Mauna-loa, deserves more than passing mention. The region in which this rock is situated is declared by vulcanologists to have been one vast caldera and must have been the scene of tremendous disturbances124.
Up to the present time the Hawaiians have continued to hold Ku-mauna in great reverence125 mingled126 with fear. The following modern instance is[212]not only a true story, and interesting, but also furnishes an illustration of the attitude of mind of the Hawaiian people generally,—or many of them—towards their old gods.
During a period of severe drought in the district of Kau, Hawaii, a gentleman named S——, while hunting in the neighborhood of the rock that bears the name Ku-mauna, took occasion to go out of his way and visit the rock. Standing before the rocky mass and calling it by name, he used towards it insulting and taunting127 epithets128, professing130 to hold it responsible for the drought that was distressing131 the land. He concluded his tirade132 by discharging his rifle point blank against the face of the rock, resulting in the detachment of a considerable fragment.
The vaqueros in the employ of Mr. S.——, who were assisting in the hunt, horrified133 at the sacreligious act, at once put spurs to their horses and made off, predicting the direst consequences from the rash act of Mr. S——.
Now for the denouement134: Within about ten days of this occurrence, the valley, on one side of which Mr. S—— had his residence, was visited by a violent rain-storm—such as would in popular speech be termed a cloud-burst. There was a mighty freshet, the waters of which reached so high as to flood his garden and threaten the safety of his house, which he saved only by the most strenuous135 exertions136. The land which had been his garden was almost entirely137 washed away and in its place was deposited a pell-mell of stones.
Needless to say, that, by the natives, this incident was and is regarded to this day as conclusive138 evidence of the divine power of Ku-mauna and of his wrath at the audacious person who insulted him. Special significance is attached to the fact that as part of Ku-mauna’s reprisal139 the place that had been a garden was turned into a field of rocks. The only wonder is that Mr. S—— got off with so light a punishment. ↑
10Kani-a-hiku, a place-name—that of a village in the remote valley of Wai-manu—here used, apparently140, for its meaning. To analyze141 its meaning, Kani = a sound, a voice, probably a bird-song; Hiku, a celebrated142 kupua, the mother of the famous mythical143 hero Mawi. It is said that when the wind, locally known as the Kapae, but more commonly named the Ho’olua—the same as our trade-wind—blew gently from the ocean, the listening ears of Kani-a-hiku heard, in the distance, the sound of hula drums and other rude instruments mingling144 with the voices of men chanting the songs of the hula. This seems to be the kani referred to. ↑
11Wahine ai lehua, Pele. Who else would it be? ↑
12Unu kupukupu (also written, it is said, haunu kupukupu), a hummock145 or natural rock-pile, such as would be selected by fishermen, with the addition, perhaps, of a few stones, as an altar on which to lay their offering and before which to utter their prayers. Kupukupu indicates the efficacy of such an altar as a luck-bringer. ↑
13Pu’u-lena, a wind felt at Kilauea that blew from Puna. The word lena, yellow, suggests the sulphurous fumes146 that must have added to it their taint147 at such time as the wind passed over the volcanic pit. ↑
15Ku-hulu-ku, a chilling of the atmosphere. ↑
16Pu’uku-akahi, Pu’uku-alua, names applied149 to hills on one or the other side of the fire-pit, whence seem to come those sonorous150 puffing151 or blowing sounds that accompany the surging of the fires. ↑
17Kua-loi. This is probably shortened from the full form Kua-loiloi. The reference is to a law, or custom, which forbade any one to approach Pele from behind, or to stand behind her. He kua loiloi ko Pele, the meaning of which is, Pele has a fastidious back. ↑
18Ka-hoa-lii, literally, companion of kings; the shark-god, a relation of Pele, who occupied a section of the plateau on the northwestern side of the caldera, a place so sacred that the smoke and flames of the volcano were not permitted to trespass152 there. ↑
19Maiau pololei, land shells found on trees, generally called pupu-kanioi. ↑
20Kanaka loloa, Ku-pulupulu, one of the gods of the canoe-makers; here spoken of as a tall man in contradistinction, perhaps, to the dwarfish153 Kini-akua, who were his followers154. ↑
21Kuli-pe’e-nui, a deity155, or an idealization, of a lava flow. The feature that seems to be emphasized is the stumbling, crawling, motion, which as seen in a flow, may be compared to the awkward, ataxic movement of one whose knees are dislocated and leg-bones broken. ↑
22Pi’i-kea, the god of the roaches, who is described as given to making certain tapping motions with his head which, I believe, are practiced by the roach at the present time. ↑
23Mahao’o, an epithet129 applied to a dog that shows a patch of yellow hairs on each side of his face. It has somewhat the force of our expression, breathing out flames. ↑
24Ama wa’a. The commotion156 in Kilauea is here compared to the upsetting of the canoe’s outrigger (ama). When an outriggered canoe capsizes the outrigger, ama, as a rule, lifts out of the water. ↑
25Wa’a. The reference seems to be to the masses of solid lava that, not infrequently may be seen to break off from the wall of the fire-pit and float away on the surface of the molten lake, even as an iceberg157 floats in the ocean. ↑
26Na’ena’e, said of an object that looks small from a distance. The use of the particle emphatic158 o, placed before this word, implies that it performs the office of a proper name, here a place-name. Such a use of the particle emphatic before a noun not a proper name indicates that the word is used as an abstract term. ↑
27Lama kau oni’oni’o. When two strings159 of kukui nuts are bound together to form one torch, the light given by it is said to be of varying colors. The word oni’oni’o alludes160 to this fact. ↑
28Kukulu a awa, said of those in the rear of the company that came against Lohiau. I cannot learn that this is a military term. ↑
29Kai-a-ka-hulu-manu, literally, the sea of the bird feathers. Some claim this as being the same as the Kai-a-ka-hinali’i; others, and I think rightly, claim that it was a distinct flood that occurred at a later period and that destroyed all birds and flying things. ↑
30Opiopi. The waves of the sea in the season of Makali’i are compared to the wrinkles in a mat, the contrast with those of the Kai-a-ka-hulu-manu, and the kai a ka pohaku. ↑
31Noho, a seat, or to sit. Here used for the people there living. ↑
32Kua o ka makani (literally, at the back of the wind). Koolau, the windward side of an island, was its kua, back. The whole line contains an ingenious reference to the manner of fire-lighting. When the smouldering spark from the fire-sticks has been received on a bunch of dry grass, it is waved to and fro to make it ignite. To the old-fashioned Hawaiian familiar with this manner of fire-making this figure is full of meaning. ↑
33Ulu o ka La, the figure of the Sun as it touched the horizon, or its glare. ↑
34Akua, literally, a god. This is a generic161 term and includes beings that we would call heroes, as well as devils and demons162. ↑
35Ka-wai-hoa, the southern point of Niihau. ↑
36Hoaka-lei, a hill on Niihau. ↑
37Kiu, the name of a wind. ↑
38Makalii, Kaelo and Ka-ulua are cold months. Lohiau found them hot enough. ↑
39Ha’aha’a, literally, hanging low. I am reminded of an old song uttered, it is said, by a hero from the top of Kauwiki hill, in Hana, Maui: “Aina ua, lani ha’aha’a.” Land of rain, where the heavens hang (ever) low. ↑
40Wai-wela-wela, a hot lake in lower Puna. ↑
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1
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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pretense
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| n.矫饰，做作，借口 | |
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4
cinders
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| n.煤渣( cinder的名词复数 )；炭渣；煤渣路；煤渣跑道 | |
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mannerism
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| n.特殊习惯，怪癖 | |
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antithesis
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| n.对立；相对 | |
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7
blurs
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| n.模糊( blur的名词复数 )；模糊之物；（移动的）模糊形状；模糊的记忆v.（使）变模糊( blur的第三人称单数 )；（使）难以区分 | |
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blots
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| 污渍( blot的名词复数 )； 墨水渍； 错事； 污点 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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groan
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| vi./n.呻吟，抱怨；(发出)呻吟般的声音 | |
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12
sob
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| n.空间轨道的轰炸机；呜咽，哭泣 | |
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13
ravaged
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| 毁坏( ravage的过去式和过去分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫 | |
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14
ravage
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| vt.使...荒废，破坏...；n.破坏，掠夺，荒废 | |
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15
strata
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| n.地层（复数）；社会阶层 | |
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16
canyons
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| n.峡谷( canyon的名词复数 ) | |
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17
hurls
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的第三人称单数 )；大声叫骂 | |
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18
rends
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| v.撕碎( rend的第三人称单数 )；分裂；（因愤怒、痛苦等而）揪扯（衣服或头发等）；（声音等）刺破 | |
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19
ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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20
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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21
demon
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| n.魔鬼，恶魔 | |
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22
vomits
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| 呕吐物( vomit的名词复数 ) | |
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23
smites
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| v.猛打，重击，打击( smite的第三人称单数 ) | |
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24
blistered
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| adj.水疮状的，泡状的v.（使）起水泡( blister的过去式和过去分词 )；（使表皮等）涨破，爆裂 | |
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25
plight
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| n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定 | |
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26
omen
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| n.征兆，预兆；vt.预示 | |
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27
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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28
hue
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| n.色度；色调；样子 | |
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29
spouting
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| n.水落管系统v.（指液体）喷出( spout的现在分词 )；滔滔不绝地讲；喋喋不休地说；喷水 | |
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30
perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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31
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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32
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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33
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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34
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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35
constrained
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| adj.束缚的,节制的 | |
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36
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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37
banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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38
opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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39
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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40
banishment
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| n.放逐，驱逐 | |
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41
extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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42
dispositions
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| 安排( disposition的名词复数 )； 倾向； （财产、金钱的）处置； 气质 | |
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43
stratagems
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| n.诡计，计谋( stratagem的名词复数 )；花招 | |
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44
deluge
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| n./vt.洪水，暴雨，使泛滥 | |
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45
tremor
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| n.震动，颤动，战栗，兴奋，地震 | |
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46
highland
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| n.(pl.)高地，山地 | |
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47
inviolate
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| adj.未亵渎的，未受侵犯的 | |
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48
shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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49
groans
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| n.呻吟，叹息( groan的名词复数 )；呻吟般的声音v.呻吟( groan的第三人称单数 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦 | |
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50
uproots
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| v.把（某物）连根拔起( uproot的第三人称单数 )；根除；赶走；把…赶出家园 | |
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51
scatters
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| v.（使）散开， （使）分散，驱散( scatter的第三人称单数 )；撒 | |
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52
volcanic
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| adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的 | |
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53
slag
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| n.熔渣，铁屑，矿渣；v.使变成熔渣，变熔渣 | |
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54
sparsely
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| adv.稀疏地；稀少地；不足地；贫乏地 | |
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55
hardy
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| adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的 | |
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56
foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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57
alpine
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| adj.高山的；n.高山植物 | |
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58
swell
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| vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强 | |
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59
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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60
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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61
crouching
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| v.屈膝，蹲伏( crouch的现在分词 ) | |
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62
bliss
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| n.狂喜，福佑，天赐的福 | |
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63
pretext
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| n.借口，托词 | |
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64
insignificance
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| n.不重要；无价值；无意义 | |
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65
swelling
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| n.肿胀 | |
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66
mania
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| n.疯狂；躁狂症，狂热，癖好 | |
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67
ablaze
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| adj.着火的，燃烧的；闪耀的，灯火辉煌的 | |
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68
chirped
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| 鸟叫，虫鸣( chirp的过去式 ) | |
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69
grasshopper
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| n.蚱蜢，蝗虫，蚂蚱 | |
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70
resonant
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| adj.(声音)洪亮的，共鸣的 | |
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71
intermittent
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| adj.间歇的，断断续续的 | |
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72
swarm
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| n.(昆虫)等一大群；vi.成群飞舞；蜂拥而入 | |
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73
watchful
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| adj.注意的，警惕的 | |
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74
groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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75
grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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76
dart
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| v.猛冲，投掷；n.飞镖，猛冲 | |
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77
beacon
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| n.烽火，（警告用的）闪火灯，灯塔 | |
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78
ridge
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| n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭 | |
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79
rosy
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| adj.美好的，乐观的，玫瑰色的 | |
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80
petals
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| n.花瓣( petal的名词复数 ) | |
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81
naught
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| n.无，零 [=nought] | |
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82
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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83
vault
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| n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室 | |
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84
fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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85
hearth
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| n.壁炉炉床，壁炉地面 | |
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86
plods
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| v.沉重缓慢地走（路）( plod的第三人称单数 )；努力从事；沉闷地苦干；缓慢进行（尤指艰难枯燥的工作） | |
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87
notched
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| a.有凹口的，有缺口的 | |
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88
ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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89
frenzy
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| n.疯狂，狂热，极度的激动 | |
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90
raves
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| n.狂欢晚会( rave的名词复数 )v.胡言乱语( rave的第三人称单数 )；愤怒地说；咆哮；痴心地说 | |
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91
crumbled
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| （把…）弄碎， （使）碎成细屑( crumble的过去式和过去分词 )； 衰落； 坍塌； 损坏 | |
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92
gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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93
pangs
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| 突然的剧痛( pang的名词复数 )； 悲痛 | |
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94
heyday
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| n.全盛时期，青春期 | |
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95
engulf
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| vt.吞没，吞食 | |
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96
smiting
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| v.猛打，重击，打击( smite的现在分词 ) | |
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97
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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98
apropos
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| adv.恰好地；adj.恰当的；关于 | |
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99
wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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100
clatter
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| v./n.(使)发出连续而清脆的撞击声 | |
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101
wail
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| vt./vi.大声哀号，恸哭；呼啸，尖啸 | |
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102
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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103
babbles
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| n.胡言乱语( babble的名词复数 )；听不清的声音；乱哄哄的说话声v.喋喋不休( babble的第三人称单数 )；作潺潺声（如流水）；含糊不清地说话；泄漏秘密 | |
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104
utterance
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| n.用言语表达，话语，言语 | |
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105
delirium
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| n. 神智昏迷,说胡话;极度兴奋 | |
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106
scoured
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| 走遍（某地）搜寻（人或物）( scour的过去式和过去分词 )； （用力）刷； 擦净； 擦亮 | |
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107
sag
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| v.下垂，下跌，消沉；n.下垂，下跌，凹陷，[航海]随风漂流 | |
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108
groaning
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| adj. 呜咽的, 呻吟的 动词groan的现在分词形式 | |
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109
bellies
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| n.肚子( belly的名词复数 )；腹部；（物体的）圆形或凸起部份；腹部…形的 | |
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110
pungent
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| adj.（气味、味道）刺激性的，辛辣的；尖锐的 | |
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111
stifling
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| a.令人窒息的 | |
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112
quotation
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| n.引文，引语，语录；报价，牌价，行情 | |
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literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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114
splendor
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| n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌 | |
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115
eminently
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| adv.突出地；显著地；不寻常地 | |
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116
lava
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| n.熔岩，火山岩 | |
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117
allusion
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| n.暗示，间接提示 | |
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118
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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119
poetical
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| adj.似诗人的；诗一般的；韵文的；富有诗意的 | |
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120
contraction
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| n.缩略词，缩写式，害病 | |
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121
monolithic
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| adj.似独块巨石的；整体的 | |
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122
moss
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| n.苔，藓，地衣 | |
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123
situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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124
disturbances
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| n.骚乱( disturbance的名词复数 )；打扰；困扰；障碍 | |
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125
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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126
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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127
taunting
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| 嘲讽( taunt的现在分词 )； 嘲弄； 辱骂； 奚落 | |
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128
epithets
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| n.（表示性质、特征等的）词语( epithet的名词复数 ) | |
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129
epithet
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| n.（用于褒贬人物等的）表述形容词，修饰语 | |
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130
professing
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| 声称( profess的现在分词 )； 宣称； 公开表明； 信奉 | |
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131
distressing
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| a.使人痛苦的 | |
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132
tirade
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| n.冗长的攻击性演说 | |
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133
horrified
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| a.(表现出)恐惧的 | |
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134
denouement
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| n.结尾，结局 | |
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135
strenuous
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| adj.奋发的，使劲的；紧张的；热烈的，狂热的 | |
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136
exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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137
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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138
conclusive
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| adj.最后的，结论的；确凿的，消除怀疑的 | |
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139
reprisal
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| n.报复，报仇，报复性劫掠 | |
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140
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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141
analyze
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| vt.分析，解析 (=analyse) | |
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142
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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143
mythical
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| adj.神话的；虚构的；想像的 | |
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144
mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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145
hummock
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| n.小丘 | |
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146
fumes
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| n.(强烈而刺激的)气味，气体 | |
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147
taint
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| n.污点；感染；腐坏；v.使感染；污染 | |
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148
plentiful
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| adj.富裕的，丰富的 | |
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149
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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150
sonorous
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| adj.响亮的，回响的；adv.圆润低沉地；感人地；n.感人，堂皇 | |
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151
puffing
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| v.使喷出( puff的现在分词 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧 | |
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152
trespass
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| n./v.侵犯，闯入私人领地 | |
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153
dwarfish
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| a.像侏儒的，矮小的 | |
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154
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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155
deity
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| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
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156
commotion
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| n.骚动，动乱 | |
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157
iceberg
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| n.冰山，流冰，冷冰冰的人 | |
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158
emphatic
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| adj.强调的，着重的；无可置疑的，明显的 | |
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159
strings
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| n.弦 | |
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160
alludes
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| 提及，暗指( allude的第三人称单数 ) | |
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161
generic
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| adj.一般的，普通的，共有的 | |
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162
demons
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| n.恶人( demon的名词复数 )；恶魔；精力过人的人；邪念 | |
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