SAND CREEK CANYON PINNACLES
Copyright by Fred H. Kiser, Portland, Oregon
For many miles after leaving Crater Lake we pursued a natural dirt road, innocent of any attempt at improvement save an occasional log culvert or bridge over a dry gully or small stream. It was fair, however, except for occasional sandy spots and at times good speed was possible over its long, level stretches, for there is scarcely a five per cent grade between the park and Bend. Nearly the whole distance it runs through forests, chiefly the worthless lodge-pole or “Jack22” pine, which grow almost as thickly as they can stand. One wonders that they have escaped the fires of whose deadly work we so frequently saw distressing23 evidences among the more valuable varieties of evergreens24. We ran through these uninteresting trees for more than fifty miles without a single village or even ranch25 house to break the monotony. It was as wild and lonely a country as we had so far traversed and yet in a little shack27 by the road we passed a112 station of the Bell Telephone Company—a reminder28 of the wonderful ramifications29 of the wires of this great organization. No railroad had as yet penetrated30 this wilderness31 but one from Klamath Falls to Bend was projected, which will open up a vast territory to farming and stock-raising. Even now there are many cattle in this country and we frequently saw notices referring to stock ranges posted on the trees. Sheep are also common and in one place we passed a drove of many thousands of them.
Crescent, about seventy miles from Fort Klamath, the only village on the road, has a dozen scattering32 houses, a store or two, the omnipresent sheet-iron garage, and a big wooden hotel. For some distance about the town the Jack pines were being cleared and preparations made to till the land, though little had actually been done as yet in the way of producing crops. Beyond Crescent we followed the course of the Deschutes River to Bend, a distance of nearly fifty miles. The river here was only an ordinary stream and gave little hint of the stupendous scenery that skirts it beyond Bend. On our left, beyond the river, ran the main range of the Cascades33 and a little ahead rose the snow-clad peaks of the Three Sisters and Mount Jefferson. A few miles from Bend we came into a region once the seat of great volcanic34 activity. Here we passed113 Black Butte, a great conical hill of volcanic rock about which lie huge ridges35 of black lava with edges as sharp as broken glass.
THE THREE SISTERS, DESCHUTES CANYON
Copyright by Fred H. Kiser, Portland, Oregon
On entering Crook36 County, about thirty-five miles from Bend, it became evident that improved highways were to be the order of the day in this section, but said improvement had not progressed far enough to be of any benefit to us. A wide, straight road had been graded through the giant pines that cover this section, but no rain had fallen since the work was completed and the new “highway” was a wallow of bottomless yellow dust which concealed37 myriads38 of distressing chuck-holes. After trying the new road for a little while, we again sought the old, meandering39 trail and stuck to it as far as possible. However, for a good many miles there was no alternative and we plunged40 along, leaving a blinding dust-cloud behind us—a fine, alluvial41 dust that hovered42 in the air many minutes after we had passed. Fortunately for us, the road was clear ahead and if anyone was behind us he has our unstinted commiseration44. We did not go scot-free ourselves by any means, for it was quite impossible to get away from the dust which the front wheels stirred up and it soon covered the car and its occupants with a yellow film. Nearer Bend the road improved somewhat and no doubt after the grades have been thoroughly45 settled by114 the rains, they will be smoothed and perhaps surfaced, in which case the road would be unsurpassed, as it is quite level and straightaway.
Much active lumbering46 is being done about Bend, and the fine yellow pines through which we passed were being slaughtered47 at a terrific rate. Temporary railroads were laid among the trees and logging engines were hauling trains loaded with the mighty boles that had fallen victim to the ax—or, more properly, the saw, which is generally used in felling these big trees. We learned later that this industry is chiefly responsible for the surprise which we experienced on arriving at Bend. The 1910 census48 listed the town’s population at five hundred and we were wondering if we could hope for decent accommodations in a village of that size located in a comparative wilderness. It was an agreeable surprise, therefore, to find a town of four or five thousand inhabitants with many evidences of progressiveness and prosperity. True, a good deal of the straggling old village was still in evidence, but the fine new buildings in course of construction made it clear that such structures would soon elbow the ragged49 old wooden shacks50 out of existence. A beautiful bank building that would grace the main street of a city of fifty thousand was under way, as was also a fine mercantile115 building of white glazed51 brick with white tile trimming.
Our hotel proved rather better than we expected from its outward appearance, though our room was somewhat dingy52 and a private bath was not to be had. The meal service, however, was excellent. We remarked that Bend would afford a fine opening for a new and really modern hotel and only a few days later I read in a Portland paper that such an enterprise had actually been begun by a local company. The Deschutes River, a clear, swift stream, runs through the town and the new inn will have an ideal location on its banks. Bend’s prosperity is, of course, due to lumbering—one great saw mill employing a thousand men. So vast are the yellow pine tracts53 about the town that it will be long before this resource fails. Farming and stock raising are also being carried on to a considerable extent in the vicinity and these industries are bound to grow in importance in such a fertile and well-watered section.
Another factor contributing to the activity of Bend may be found in the numerous auto-stage lines that radiate from the town. It is the terminus of the railroad from the north and passengers’ mail and freight for the interior towns to the south and west are largely transferred by automobile54. Here they talk of jumps of fifty to116 two hundred miles in a day much as a San Francisco commuter55 might speak of a trip to Oakland or Berkeley. The auto-stage agency in our hotel was in charge of a dapper, effervescent little fellow whose nationality we might have guessed even if he had not advertised himself as “Frenchy” on the card which he obsequiously56 offered us. We had no need of “automobile transportation” so we did the next best thing and patronized a boot-blacking stand which this same expatriated Frenchman was running—we were going to say “on the side,” though it may have been his main business, for that matter. While with the touch of an artist he put a mirror finish on our pedal extremities57, he told us with a good deal of pride that his son was in the trenches58 somewhere in France, fighting to expel the invaders59.
Bend, though much the largest town in the county, is not the county seat. This is at Prineville, forty miles to the northeast and nearly the same distance from the railroad. The logical thing would appear to be to move the county capital to Bend within the next few years. Taken altogether, Bend seems to be a town with an assured future and one where moderate fortunes are likely to be made.
Copyright by Fred H. Kiser, Portland, Oregon
Leaving Bend for the north early the next morning, we followed the Deschutes River for117 several miles, crossing it three or four times. It is an extraordinarily61 beautiful stream, broad, clear, swift, and so shallow that the mossy boulders62 over which it dashes are clearly visible and a keen eye can often detect brightly tinted43 trout63 darting64 among them. Our road kept near the river for a great part of the day and in places we were fairly overawed by the wild and stupendous scenery of the vast canyon through which it courses. Some one has called it the Grand Canyon of the Northwest, and we who have seen the Arizona Wonderland can not feel that such a characterization is altogether far-fetched. Perhaps the element of complete surprise may have tended to give us a somewhat exaggerated impression, for we never had the slightest hint of what we were to see. We went to the Grand Canyon of Arizona expecting much and were not disappointed; we ran unawares upon the Grand Canyon of the Deschutes and our amazement65 may have warped66 our judgment67 to some extent. Still, I find reference to this very region in a recent book by a well-posted Oregonian who declares it “the most stupendously appealing river scenery in all the Northwest—this same Canyon of the Deschutes,” and remember that this same Northwest is the country where “rolls the Oregon,” commonly known as the Columbia, in all its majesty68. At one point, not so very far from118 Bend, was the scenery especially overwhelming in its grandeur69. I wish I might adequately describe it, but I doubt if any printed page could ever convey a true idea of such a spectacle. I can only hope to direct attention of the tourist to this almost unknown wonder of America and to assure him that he will never regret a trip between Bend and The Dalles, which may be made by either motor or rail. In fact, the railroad follows the bottom of the canyon and in many ways affords better opportunities to view the scenery than does the wagon70 road.
The canyon at the point of which I speak is a vast, rugged71 chasm many hundreds of feet in width and perhaps a thousand in depth, with precipitous, rocky walls almost as gorgeously colored as those of the Grand Canyon itself. At the bottom dashes the vexed72 river—a writhing73 thread of emerald—as though it were in mad haste to escape from such deadly turmoil74. Our road ascended75 to a vantage point where we could look for miles down the valley over a panorama76 of weird peaks whose crests77 were surmounted78 with a multitude of fanciful shapes, pinnacles, domes79, and strange, outlandish figures in stone which the imagination might fitly liken to a thousand things. Near at hand the hills seemed harsh and forbidding, but in the distance their drab colors and rugged outlines were softened80 by119 a violet haze81 that transmuted82 their sternness into ethereal beauty. The center of the plain skirted by these weird hills was rent by the vast chasm of the river canyon, its sides splashed with gorgeous colorings. Against the silvery horizon to the westward83 ran the serrated summits of the Cascades, dominated by the cold white peaks of the Three Sisters and, farther still, in lone26 and awful grandeur, the vast white cone84 of Mount Hood85. And this same glorious mountain dominated our vision at intervals86 during the entire day until we saw it stand in crowning beauty against the wide, crimson87 band of the sunset.
Our road soon left the river canyon, though we coursed through the Deschutes Valley the greater part of the day. The road varied88 greatly from fair alluvial dirt surface through great wheatfields to a wretched stony89 trail that wound around precipices90, forded rock-bottomed streams and climbed over rugged hills. For a considerable distance we followed a stream at the bottom of a canyon, fording it several times over a trail so primitive91 and neglected that at times it was difficult to find it at all, but there was no danger of going astray—no one could climb the precipitous walls that shut us in.
Coming out of the canyon we crossed a hill range into a beautiful little valley dotted with several prosperous-looking ranch houses. In120 front of one of these, under the shade of the immense Lombardy poplars that surrounded it, we paused for our mid-day lunch. About the house was a beautifully kept lawn which the owner was watering at the time. He told us that there was plenty of water for irrigating92 in the valley if the rains happened to be too scant93 and a big yield was always sure from the wonderfully fertile soil. A small field—about thirty acres—near his house had just yielded over two thousand bushels of prime barley94 and other crops were in like proportion. Fruit trees thrive, as was evidenced by several heavily laden95 pear trees near the house. The greatest drawback was distance from the railroad and poor wagon roads, making transportation very difficult. This was best overcome by feeding the products of the farm to cattle, which could carry their own carcases to a shipping96 point.
Our road swung still farther from the Deschutes River; we crossed one rugged hill range after another with the inevitable97 cultivated valley between. The upland plains had been tilled in spots and the irregular yellow patches where the wheat had just been harvested gave a curious effect to the distant hilltops. Evidently much of the soil was not tillable—probably due to volcanic ash—which accounted for the irregularity and scattered98 aspect of the wheatfields. The121 heavy wagons99 carrying the wheat to market had wrought100 havoc101 with the roads, which were full of chuck-holes and distressingly102 dusty.
OVERLOOKING DESCHUTES CANYON, MT. JEFFERSON
Copyright by Fred H. Kiser, Portland, Oregon
Upon one of the highest and bleakest104 of the hill ranges, we came into the village of Shaniko—our first town in nearly a hundred miles—a place of three or four hundred people. It is, however, one of the oldest settlements of this section and until a few years ago a great staging center for freight and passengers from The Dalles. The coming of the Columbia Southern Railroad, of which Shaniko is the terminus, changed all this and led to the rapid settlement of the surrounding country, which now produces wheat in considerable quantities. In spite of the dignity thrust upon it by being made the terminus of a railroad, Shaniko is a forlorn-looking place, bleak103 and dusty, with a half-dozen stores and the inevitable hotel—a huge, red-brick structure seemingly out of all proportion to the probable needs of the town. The garage was deserted105 and it was with some difficulty that we located the owner to replenish106 our gasoline supply. He directed us to proceed by way of Maupin, Tygh Valley, and Dufur, to The Dalles, rather than follow the railway line.
For twenty-five miles out of the town we ran through the huge, rounded hills, curiously107 mottled with the irregular golden patches of the122 wheatfields against the reddish brown soil. At Maupin we came back to the Deschutes, here a lordly river, spanned by a long, high bridge which afforded fine views of stream and canyon in both directions. Here again we were directed to take the new Tygh Valley road and had more reasons than one to be glad that we did, for we saw some splendid canyon scenery and a wonderfully engineered road through the hills. A few miles from Maupin we entered Tygh Valley Canyon. A long, steep, and very rough grade led downward between the stupendous walls of shattered igneous108 rock—red and dull brown, splashed with spots of golden yellow. The sides were rugged in the extreme, and barren except for a few scrub cedars109 which clung precariously110 to the steep slopes. At the bottom of the canyon many varieties of trees flourished and here and there were green paddocks.
In one of the greenest of these nooks, at the point where the road reaches the floor of the canyon, is the village of Tygh Valley, as snug111 and sheltered as Shaniko was bleak and windswept. There was a picturesque112 little church with a tall spire7 and the place seemed reminiscent of New England rather than the far west.
MT. HOOD FROM TYGH VALLEY
Copyright by The Winter Co., Portland, Oregon
“And what is the most distinctive113 thing about Tygh Valley?” we later asked a friend who frequently visits the town and he as promptly123 answered, “Rattlesnakes; the canyon is one of the greatest habitats of this interesting reptile114 in the whole country. The last time I was there a local character who makes a practice of hunting the snakes had just come in with the carcases of forty-five of them, which he was proudly displaying on the street. He makes a good revenue from the oil, which is in great demand, and the skins are worth from fifty cents to a dollar each. The snake hunter once started to breed the reptiles115 to increase his gains but the citizens objected. They thought there were quite enough rattlesnakes in the canyon without raising them artificially. Since then the hunter has confined himself to catching116 the denizens117 of the wild and is doing Tygh Valley a good service in reducing the number of the pests.”
We ourselves, however, saw nothing of the valley’s aboriginal118 inhabitants, though we might have looked more closely for them had we known of their presence.
Almost immediately after leaving the town we began our climb out of the canyon, ascending119 one of the longest grades that we found in all our wanderings. This road is a wonderful piece of engineering, swinging its wide ribbon in long loops around and over the giant hills and affording some awe-inspiring vistas120 of barren summits and wooded canyons121. It is a road of thrills for124 the nervously122 inclined, for in places at its sides the slopes drop almost sheer for a thousand feet or more and there are many abrupt123 turns around cliff-like headlands. But for all that it is an easy road, smooth, fairly free from dust, and with no rise greater than seven or eight per cent. May they do more road work of this kind in Oregon!
At the summit we paused and caught our breath at the panorama that suddenly broke on our vision. An endless sea of blue mountains stretched out to meet the sunset and dominating them all rose the awful bulk of Mount Hood, sharply silhouetted124 against a wide stretch of crimson sky. There was something awful and overpowering in its lonely, inaccessible125 majesty—the sunset and the mystery of the blue shadows that enveloped126 its feet gave it something more than the fascination127 which the lone snow-covered mountain ever has for the beholder—its relative isolation128 from other peaks giving it an added grandeur and individuality. Mount Hood, for example, with an altitude of 11200 feet, is far more impressive than Mount Whitney, the culminating peak of a range, though its actual height is 3300 feet greater.
And so, as we contemplated129 this mystery mountain looming130 in lonely majesty in the fading twilight131, we could not wonder that Indian myth and legend made it the subject of many a weird125 tale. It dominated the western horizon during the remainder of our run except at short intervals and presented many fascinating changes of color and light ere it faded away in the darkness. From a hilltop several miles out of The Dalles we caught our first glimpse of the Columbia in its mad dash through the narrow straits that give the name to the town. The valley and surrounding hills were bleak and cheerless in the extreme and in the gathering132 shadows of the distance the mad tumult133 of the waters was hardly visible, but if the first view was distinctly disappointing, the unfavorable impression was to be effaced134 by our later acquaintance with the noble river.
We were glad indeed to come into the well-lighted streets of The Dalles. It had been an exceedingly hard day’s run—nearly two hundred miles with much bad road, stony and deep with dust in places. The dust was especially annoying during the last twenty-five miles of our run; the wind was blowing a perfect gale135 and there were numerous cars on the road. When we entered The Dalles Hotel our appearance hardly fitted us for civilized136 society, but such a plight137 creates no comment and attracts little attention. It is too commonplace here—the party that preceded us and the one that followed were very like unto ourselves in unkempt appearance. The hotel with its large comfortable rooms and well-ordered126 bath was indeed a haven138 of rest after the day’s experience and when we had regained139 the semblance140 of respectability we descended141 to a late dinner, for which we were quite ready. We found everything about the hotel decidedly first-class and more metropolitan142 than is common in towns of five thousand, for that is all the census books accord to The Dalles. Of course it claims to have gained considerably143 since the last enumeration144 and its private and public buildings, well-improved streets and general business activity seem to bear out the contention145.
The town is built on a historic site. Old Fort Dalles was a milestone146 of pioneer travel, having been established here in 1838 and about the same time a mission was founded—not by Father Junipero, whose name always comes to mind in connection with the word in the west, but by the Methodist Church. The name was given by Canadian voyagers in the Hudson Bay service—The Dalles signifying gutter147 or trough, referring to the chasms148 between the great glacier-polished sheets of basaltic rock which break the river into the wild cascades opposite the town. A short distance above this broken pavement the river is thousands of feet in width but where it forces its mad passage through these rocks it is confined to a few yards and where the channels are most contracted it sweeps through three rifts149 of rocky127 floor, each so narrow that a child might cast a stone across.
OR BON DESCHUTES RIVER CANYON
From photo by The Weister Co., Portland, Oregon
The surrounding country is a fit setting for such a wild and turbulent scene. On either hand lie monotonous150 plains, now brown with sunburned grass and studded with gray sagebrush. To the north rise the rugged peaks of Washington and eastward151 is the long sweep of the river valley guarded by rounded hills. Westward we see the broad bright river, released from the dreadful turmoil of The Dalles, vanish into the giant hills over which the majestic152 white-robed form of Mount Hood stands, an eternal guardian153. It is a scene that never failed to arrest the eye of the observant traveler from the earliest day and even before his time the “untutored mind” of the poor Indian was impressed with the weirdness154 and beauty of the spot. To account for the strange phenomena of The Dalles and explain how the mighty river was compressed into the three deep narrow channels, the savage155 mind was busy with myth and legend and, like most of the myths of our aboriginees, there appears to have been a sub-stratum of truth.
The story tells of the fierce volcanic action once common in this section when Hood, Adams, and St. Helens were lurid156 fire mountains and when a great range of hills ran across the valley where The Dalles now are, damming the waters128 of the river into a great inland sea. Naturally enough, fiends of great power and malignancy were fabled157 to have congregated158 in such a spot and to have had much to do with the manifestations159 of fire and water. Here, too, is a hint of geologic160 truth, for the fiends were huge monsters with very powerful tails, probably the dinosaurs161 and mud pythons of the reptilian162 age, of which remains163 have been found in this region.
These fiends, according to the legend, congregated here when the volcanic furies were subsiding164 and chief among them was a master fiend or devil who had been first in malignancy and hatred165. Whether he was sick and would be a monk166, as in the old proverb, we do not know, but the story is that he proposed to the lesser167 fiends to give up their wicked revels168 and assume the role of beneficent spirits and friends of man. The increasing peacefulness of the elements, he declared, foreshadowed better things. Why should they not give up wars and cannibalism169, to which they were so terribly addicted170, and seek the quieter pastimes of peace?
A strange story and a strange sentiment to put in the mouth of a devil, but the consequence was stranger still. Instead of receiving the beneficent proposal with favor, the fiends turned on their leader in a furious rage; pacifism was no more popular in that mythical171 time than it is129 now. “He would beguile172 us into a crafty173 peace,” they shrieked174 as one, “that he may kill and eat us at leisure. Death to the traitor175!”
Alarmed at such a sudden and unanimous uproar176, which was followed by an onslaught of all the legions of fiends, this pre-historic Prince of Darkness lost no time in taking to his heels, pursued by the howling pack that thirsted for his blood. Swiftly he sped toward the great ridge21 of land that held back the inland sea, seeking doubtless to hide in the rugged hills to the north. But he was pressed too closely by his enemies, to whom he seemed sure to fall victim unless saved by some desperate expedient177. Summoning all his vast powers as he crossed the spot where the river now rages among The Dalles, he smote178 with his huge tail upon the smooth flat rocks. A great chasm opened, down which poured a dreadful torrent179 from the waters of the inland sea, tearing boulders to fragment. This frightful180 performance stopped the greater part of the fiends, but some of the more venturesome were not to be deterred181. With a bound they crossed the chasm and were again on the heels of the fleeing devil. In desperation he smote once more upon the rocks and another and still vaster chasm was opened up and a still greater torrent poured down it. Still the villains182 pursued him, for some of them were agile183 enough to vault130 across the second rent, and the Indian Satan was again in danger. With one last and desperate effort he dealt the rocks a third smashing blow with his caudal appendage184 and a third chasm, twice the width of either of the others, split the rocks behind him and with the speed of lightning the wild waters rushed in to fill it.
Only a few of the hardiest185 of the pursuing fiends dared attempt this awful maelstrom186 and they fell far short and were ground to powder by the furious stream. The fiends who leaped the first and second torrents187 now essayed to return, but lacking the zeal188 of pursuit they, too, fell short and were swept to destruction. Evidently determined189 to make a clean sweep, the myth-makers even doomed190 the hesitating demons191 who refused the first leap, for the bank on which they stood gave way, precipitating192 them into the mad stream.
And so the whole race of these troublesome fiends perished. The devil himself had escaped, however, and paused, panting and overcome, on the opposite bank to take inventory193 of himself. He was not unscathed by any means. His tail, the powerful weapon that had wrought his salvation194, was hopelessly crippled by his last gigantic effort. It was of little consequence, since his enemies were all dead; he was now free to pursue the peaceful policy which he had advocated.131 So, leaping back over the torrents, he went to his home—wherever that may have been—to found a new race of demons, all of whom, like himself, had flaccid tails.
THE DESCHUTES RIVER CANYON
From photo by The Weister Co., Portland, Oregon
Such are the bare outlines of the legend of The Dalles, which shows no small power of imagination on part of the savage originators. The fuller details of the story may be found in “Canoe and Saddle,” by the lamented195 young New England writer, Theodore Winthrop, who visited this region about 1857 and no doubt learned the story from the natives at first hand. Winthrop lost his life in one of the earlier battles of the Civil War and thus one of the most promising196 lights of American letters in that day was forever extinguished. His story of this western wilderness at the time of his visit is one of the most vivid that has ever been written and deserves a permanent place in the historical annals of the Great Northwest.
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crater
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| n.火山口，弹坑 | |
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lodge
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| v.临时住宿，寄宿，寄存，容纳；n.传达室，小旅馆 | |
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admonished
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| v.劝告( admonish的过去式和过去分词 )；训诫；（温和地）责备；轻责 | |
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creek
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| n.小溪，小河，小湾 | |
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canyon
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| n.峡谷，溪谷 | |
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pinnacles
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| 顶峰( pinnacle的名词复数 )； 顶点； 尖顶； 小尖塔 | |
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spire
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| n.(教堂)尖顶，尖塔，高点 | |
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spires
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| n.（教堂的） 塔尖，尖顶( spire的名词复数 ) | |
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chasm
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| n.深坑，断层，裂口，大分岐，利害冲突 | |
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weird
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| adj.古怪的，离奇的；怪诞的，神秘而可怕的 | |
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lava
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| n.熔岩，火山岩 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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silt
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| n.淤泥，淤沙，粉砂层，泥沙层；vt.使淤塞；vi.被淤塞 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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apprised
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| v.告知，通知( apprise的过去式和过去分词 )；评价 | |
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proximity
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| n.接近，邻近 | |
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phenomena
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gulch
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| n.深谷，峡谷 | |
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timorously
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| adv.胆怯地，羞怯地 | |
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chary
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| adj.谨慎的，细心的 | |
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ridge
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| n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭 | |
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jack
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| n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克 | |
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distressing
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| a.使人痛苦的 | |
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evergreens
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| n.常青树，常绿植物，万年青( evergreen的名词复数 ) | |
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ranch
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| n.大牧场，大农场 | |
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lone
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| adj.孤寂的，单独的；唯一的 | |
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shack
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| adj.简陋的小屋，窝棚 | |
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reminder
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| n.提醒物，纪念品；暗示，提示 | |
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ramifications
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| n.结果，后果( ramification的名词复数 ) | |
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penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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32
scattering
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| n.[物]散射；散乱，分散；在媒介质中的散播adj.散乱的；分散在不同范围的；广泛扩散的；（选票）数量分散的v.散射(scatter的ing形式)；散布；驱散 | |
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33
cascades
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| 倾泻( cascade的名词复数 )； 小瀑布（尤指一连串瀑布中的一支）； 瀑布状物； 倾泻（或涌出）的东西 | |
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34
volcanic
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| adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的 | |
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35
ridges
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| n.脊( ridge的名词复数 )；山脊；脊状突起；大气层的)高压脊 | |
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36
crook
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| v.使弯曲；n.小偷，骗子，贼；弯曲(处) | |
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37
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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38
myriads
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| n.无数，极大数量( myriad的名词复数 ) | |
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39
meandering
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| 蜿蜒的河流，漫步，聊天 | |
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40
plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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41
alluvial
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| adj.冲积的；淤积的 | |
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42
hovered
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| 鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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43
tinted
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| adj. 带色彩的 动词tint的过去式和过去分词 | |
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44
commiseration
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| n.怜悯，同情 | |
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45
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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46
lumbering
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| n.采伐林木 | |
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47
slaughtered
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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48
census
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| n.(官方的)人口调查，人口普查 | |
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49
ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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50
shacks
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| n.窝棚，简陋的小屋( shack的名词复数 ) | |
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51
glazed
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| adj.光滑的，像玻璃的；上过釉的；呆滞无神的v.装玻璃( glaze的过去式)；上釉于，上光；（目光）变得呆滞无神 | |
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52
dingy
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| adj.昏暗的，肮脏的 | |
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53
tracts
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| 大片土地( tract的名词复数 )； 地带； （体内的）道； （尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的）短文 | |
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54
automobile
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| n.汽车，机动车 | |
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55
commuter
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| n.(尤指市郊之间)乘公交车辆上下班者 | |
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56
obsequiously
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57
extremities
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| n.端点( extremity的名词复数 )；尽头；手和足；极窘迫的境地 | |
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58
trenches
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| 深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕 | |
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59
invaders
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| 入侵者，侵略者，侵入物( invader的名词复数 ) | |
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60
junction
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| n.连接，接合；交叉点，接合处，枢纽站 | |
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61
extraordinarily
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| adv.格外地；极端地 | |
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62
boulders
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| n.卵石( boulder的名词复数 )；巨砾；（受水或天气侵蚀而成的）巨石；漂砾 | |
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63
trout
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| n.鳟鱼；鲑鱼(属) | |
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64
darting
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| v.投掷，投射( dart的现在分词 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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65
amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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66
warped
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| adj.反常的；乖戾的；（变）弯曲的；变形的v.弄弯，变歪( warp的过去式和过去分词 )；使（行为等）不合情理，使乖戾， | |
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67
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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68
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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69
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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70
wagon
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| n.四轮马车，手推车，面包车；无盖运货列车 | |
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71
rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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72
vexed
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| adj.争论不休的；（指问题等）棘手的；争论不休的问题；烦恼的v.使烦恼( vex的过去式和过去分词 )；使苦恼；使生气；详细讨论 | |
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73
writhing
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| （因极度痛苦而）扭动或翻滚( writhe的现在分词 ) | |
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74
turmoil
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| n.骚乱，混乱，动乱 | |
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75
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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76
panorama
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| n.全景，全景画，全景摄影，全景照片[装置] | |
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77
crests
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| v.到达山顶（或浪峰）( crest的第三人称单数 )；到达洪峰，达到顶点 | |
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78
surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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79
domes
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| n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 )；像圆屋顶一样的东西；圆顶体育场 | |
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80
softened
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| （使）变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 )； 缓解打击； 缓和； 安慰 | |
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81
haze
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| n.霾，烟雾；懵懂，迷糊；vi.(over)变模糊 | |
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82
transmuted
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| v.使变形，使变质，把…变成…( transmute的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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83
westward
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| n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西 | |
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84
cone
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| n.圆锥体，圆锥形东西，球果 | |
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85
hood
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| n.头巾，兜帽，覆盖；v.罩上，以头巾覆盖 | |
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86
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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87
crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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88
varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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89
stony
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| adj.石头的，多石头的，冷酷的，无情的 | |
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90
precipices
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| n.悬崖，峭壁( precipice的名词复数 ) | |
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91
primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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92
irrigating
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| 灌溉( irrigate的现在分词 )； 冲洗（伤口） | |
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93
scant
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| adj.不充分的，不足的；v.减缩，限制，忽略 | |
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94
barley
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| n.大麦，大麦粒 | |
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95
laden
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| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
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96
shipping
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| n.船运（发货，运输，乘船） | |
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97
inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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98
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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99
wagons
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| n.四轮的运货马车( wagon的名词复数 )；铁路货车；小手推车 | |
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100
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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101
havoc
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| n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱 | |
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102
distressingly
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| adv. 令人苦恼地；悲惨地 | |
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103
bleak
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| adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的 | |
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104
bleakest
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| 阴冷的( bleak的最高级 )； （状况）无望的； 没有希望的； 光秃的 | |
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105
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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106
replenish
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| vt.补充；(把…)装满；(再)填满 | |
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107
curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
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108
igneous
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| adj.火的，火绒的 | |
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109
cedars
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| 雪松，西洋杉( cedar的名词复数 ) | |
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110
precariously
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| adv.不安全地；危险地；碰机会地；不稳定地 | |
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111
snug
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| adj.温暖舒适的，合身的，安全的；v.使整洁干净，舒适地依靠，紧贴；n.（英）酒吧里的私房 | |
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112
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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113
distinctive
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| adj.特别的，有特色的，与众不同的 | |
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114
reptile
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| n.爬行动物；两栖动物 | |
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115
reptiles
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| n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 ) | |
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116
catching
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| adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住 | |
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117
denizens
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| n.居民，住户( denizen的名词复数 ) | |
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118
aboriginal
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| adj.（指动植物）土生的，原产地的，土著的 | |
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119
ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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120
vistas
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| 长条形景色( vista的名词复数 )； 回顾； 展望； （未来可能发生的）一系列情景 | |
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121
canyons
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| n.峡谷( canyon的名词复数 ) | |
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122
nervously
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| adv.神情激动地，不安地 | |
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123
abrupt
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| adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的 | |
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124
silhouetted
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| 显出轮廓的，显示影像的 | |
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125
inaccessible
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| adj.达不到的，难接近的 | |
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126
enveloped
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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127
fascination
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| n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋 | |
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128
isolation
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| n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离 | |
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129
contemplated
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| adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式 | |
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130
looming
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| n.上现蜃景（光通过低层大气发生异常折射形成的一种海市蜃楼）v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的现在分词 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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131
twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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132
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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133
tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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134
effaced
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| v.擦掉( efface的过去式和过去分词 )；抹去；超越；使黯然失色 | |
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135
gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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136
civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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137
plight
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| n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定 | |
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138
haven
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| n.安全的地方，避难所，庇护所 | |
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139
regained
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| 复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地 | |
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140
semblance
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| n.外貌，外表 | |
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141
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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142
metropolitan
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| adj.大城市的，大都会的 | |
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143
considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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144
enumeration
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| n.计数，列举；细目；详表；点查 | |
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145
contention
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| n.争论，争辩，论战；论点，主张 | |
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146
milestone
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| n.里程碑；划时代的事件 | |
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147
gutter
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| n.沟，街沟，水槽，檐槽，贫民窟 | |
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148
chasms
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| 裂缝( chasm的名词复数 )； 裂口； 分歧； 差别 | |
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149
rifts
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| n.裂缝( rift的名词复数 )；裂隙；分裂；不和 | |
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150
monotonous
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| adj.单调的，一成不变的，使人厌倦的 | |
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151
eastward
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| adv.向东；adj.向东的；n.东方，东部 | |
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152
majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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153
guardian
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| n.监护人；守卫者，保护者 | |
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154
weirdness
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| n.古怪，离奇，不可思议 | |
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155
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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156
lurid
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| adj.可怕的；血红的；苍白的 | |
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157
fabled
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| adj.寓言中的，虚构的 | |
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158
congregated
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| （使）集合，聚集( congregate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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159
manifestations
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| n.表示，显示（manifestation的复数形式） | |
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160
geologic
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| adj.地质的 | |
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161
dinosaurs
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| n.恐龙( dinosaur的名词复数 )；守旧落伍的人，过时落后的东西 | |
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162
reptilian
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| adj.（像）爬行动物的；（像）爬虫的；卑躬屈节的；卑鄙的n.两栖动物；卑劣的人 | |
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163
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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164
subsiding
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| v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的现在分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
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165
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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166
monk
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| n.和尚，僧侣，修道士 | |
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167
lesser
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| adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地 | |
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168
revels
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| n.作乐( revel的名词复数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉v.作乐( revel的第三人称单数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉 | |
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169
cannibalism
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| n.同类相食；吃人肉 | |
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170
addicted
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| adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的 | |
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171
mythical
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| adj.神话的；虚构的；想像的 | |
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172
beguile
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| vt.欺骗，消遣 | |
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173
crafty
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| adj.狡猾的，诡诈的 | |
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174
shrieked
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| v.尖叫( shriek的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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175
traitor
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| n.叛徒，卖国贼 | |
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176
uproar
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| n.骚动，喧嚣，鼎沸 | |
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177
expedient
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| adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计 | |
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178
smote
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| v.猛打，重击，打击( smite的过去式 ) | |
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179
torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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180
frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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181
deterred
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| v.阻止，制止( deter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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182
villains
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| n.恶棍( villain的名词复数 )；罪犯；（小说、戏剧等中的）反面人物；淘气鬼 | |
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183
agile
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| adj.敏捷的，灵活的 | |
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184
appendage
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| n.附加物 | |
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185
hardiest
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| 能吃苦耐劳的，坚强的( hardy的最高级 )； （植物等）耐寒的 | |
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186
maelstrom
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| n.大乱动；大漩涡 | |
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187
torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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188
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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189
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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190
doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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191
demons
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| n.恶人( demon的名词复数 )；恶魔；精力过人的人；邪念 | |
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192
precipitating
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| adj.急落的，猛冲的v.（突如其来地）使发生( precipitate的现在分词 )；促成；猛然摔下；使沉淀 | |
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193
inventory
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| n.详细目录，存货清单 | |
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194
salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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195
lamented
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| adj.被哀悼的，令人遗憾的v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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196
promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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