A new era for America commenced with this administration, or rather, reached its period of uninterrupted development; for the whole past history of the country had been a preparation for it, but especially so the late war and its results. The failure of the French revolution, and, finally, the failure of Napoleon Bonaparte and the re-establishment of the old monarchy1 in France, as a result of the excesses, first of the French republic, and then of the military interference of Bonaparte with the existing state of things in Europe, had an important influence in modifying the politics of the republican party in the United States; so that they came partially2 in Jefferson’s administration, and completely by the close of Madison’s, to follow the wise and vigorous policy pursued by Washington and the federal party; while the general government and the institutions of the country became deeply imbued4 with the regard to popular rights, and attention to the interests and will of the people that formed the leading idea of Jefferson and the original democrat5, or, as it was then called, the republican party. Thus the two points of supreme6 importance, vigor3 in the general government, and security to the people, were happily mingled7 and wrought8 into the spirit and form of our institutions.
The leading events of Monroe’s two administrations were the attention given to internal improvements—among which may be mentioned the Erie canal in New York, and the encouragements to manufactures—the acquisition of Florida from Spain, and a definite settlement of the slavery question (for the next thirty years only, as it proved,) by the Missouri compromise. The people now began to feel and act together, as a single nation, and material progress was rapid.
1817.
Mar9. 3—The observance of the neutrality laws strictly10 enjoined11 on citizens of the United States by Congress.
” 4—James Monroe, the fifth President, inaugurated. With his administration commences “the era of good feeling,” as it was called. The bitterness of party controversy12 ceased.
[630]
June 24—Thos. McKean, of Del., signer of the Declaration of Independence, died.
” —A war broke out with the Seminole Indians, on the borders of Florida. It came near involving us in a war with Spain. Internal taxes are abolished by Congress.
1818.
April 4—The Flag of the U. S. rearranged; the stripes to represent the thirteen original States, the stars the present number of States.
” 18—Illinois is authorized16 to form a state constitution.
May 24—Gen. Jackson took Pensacola, Fla., from the Spaniards on account of the support given by them to the Indians.
Oct. 20—A treaty of commerce and for settling boundaries is made with England.
1819.
Feb. 23—A treaty for the session of Florida ratified17 by Congress, but not by the king of Spain until Oct. 20th, 1820.
Mar. 2—Arkansas organized into a territory.
Dec. 14—Alabama admitted into the union.
In this year commenced the discussion on the balance between the north and the south in relation to slavery. Missouri and Maine both desire admission as States. The discussion resulted in a settlement of the whole question Feb. 27th, 1821, by the application of the “Missouri Compromise” to the admission of that State.
1820.
Feb. 15—Wm. Ellery, of R. I., signer of the Declaration of Independence, died.
Mar. 15—Maine admitted into the union.
Aug. 23—Com. Perry, the hero of Lake Erie, died in the West Indies.
1821.
Mar. 4—James Monroe inaugurated on his second term.
” 22—Com. Decatur died at Washington.
Aug. 22—Gen. Jackson takes possession of Florida as its Governor. The U. S. government paid $5,000,000 for Florida. The Spanish officers were reluctant and dilatory19 in giving up their places, and Gen. Jackson had occasion for his remarkably20 decisive action in dealing21 with them. The governor, Don Cavalla, refusing to give up certain papers according to the treaty, he sent him to prison until all the papers were produced, and banished22 six other Spanish officers who interfered23 with him.
[631]
1822.
June—A commercial treaty is negotiated with France. Capt. Allen, of the U. S. schooner24 Alligator25, engages a band of pirates in the West Indies, captures one of their schooners26, and recaptures five American vessels28. Capt. Allen is killed.
The ports of the West India islands are opened to American commerce by the English government.
Com. Truxton, a meritorious29 naval30 officer—Gen. Stark31, the hero of Bennington, Vt.,—and Wm. Lowndes, a statesman of S. C., died this year.
A new arrangement of the ratio of Representation gives one member of Congress to 40,000 inhabitants.
1823.
Com. Porter makes a successful expedition against the West Indian pirates.
This year our government acknowledged the independence of the South American Republics, and ministers were appointed to Mexico, Columbia, Buenos Ayres, and Chili32.
A treaty for the mutual33 suppression of the slave trade was made by Great Britain and the United States.
1824.
April—American and Russian commissioners34 settle the boundaries between the two countries.
Aug. 15—Lafayette arrives from France. He was everywhere received as the guest of the people with the utmost affection and reverence36. He spent a year visiting all parts of the union.
A presidential election this autumn does not result in a choice, and the House of Representatives made selection of John Quincy Adams, from the candidates, according to a provision of the Constitution, anticipating such a case. A protective tariff37 was made this year to encourage cotton manufactures.
Administration of John Quincy Adams.
1825.
Mar. 4—J. Q. Adams inaugurated sixth President.
” ”—An act of Congress establishes a navy yard at Pensacola, Fla.
June 11—Dan. D. Tompkins, Vice-President with Monroe, died.
Nov. 10—Com. McDonough, the hero of Lake Champlain, died.
1826.
July 4—John Adams and Thos. Jefferson, whose lives were identified with the foundation and development of our institutions, simultaneously38 died on this day.
Sept. 11—Wm. Morgan, an anti-mason, mysteriously disappears, and is never again heard of.
[632]
1827.
An Anti-Mason party is formed, opposing secret societies. Much “political capital” is made of it.
Jan.—The first considerable railroad was begun, and completed in May. It was nine miles long, a beginning of the wonderful transformation39 that was to be produced by this agent.
1828.
Feb. 11—De Witt Clinton, governor of N. Y. and originator of the Erie canal, died.
The tariff was amended40 and enlarged this year. This tariff was violently opposed in the South and produced the “Nullification Ordinances” of S. C., some time later.
In the fall of this year Gen. Andrew Jackson was elected President.
1829.
Feb. 29—The Virginia Legislature passes a resolution denying the right of Congress to pass a protective tariff law.
Mar. 4—Andrew Jackson inaugurated as President.
Dan. Webster makes his great speech against nullification.
Jackson’s Administration.
1829.
May 19—A treaty of friendship and commerce concluded with Brazil.
” ”—John Jay, ex-President of the Continental42 Congress, Chief Justice of the U. S., Governor of N. Y., etc., died. In purity of patriotism43, moderation, and soundness of judgment44, he came nearer to Washington than any of his contemporaries. He was above the reach of the violent party spirit that prevailed after Washington’s retirement45 from public life.
1830.
May 7—A treaty made with Turkey gives U. S. commerce the freedom of the Black sea. The vigorous dealing of our government with the Barbary States secured the respect and friendship of Turkey.
The important movement and interests of this year were connected with the progress of railroads (the first American built locomotive was made this year,) and the rapid rise of that great interest, and with the agitation46 produced by the nullification proceedings47 of South Carolina. That State claimed the right to pronounce upon, and disregard the enactments48 of Congress. This was subversive49 of the Constitution. It drew the “Key Stone” from the arch, and the whole structure of the union would have fallen. No decisive action was reached till the year 1832.
[633]
1831.
Jan. 10—The King of the Netherlands, being accepted as arbitrator of the northern boundary between the United States and the British Possessions, by the two governments, decides the question in our favor.
Oct. 1—A free trade convention meets at Philadelphia.
” 26—A tariff convention meets at New York. There were over 500 delegates. It was the absorbing political topic of the time.
1832.
April 1—The Black Hawk53 war breaks out by the attack of the Winnebagoes, Sacs, and Foxes from the west bank of the Mississippi on the settlers in Illinois, under the Indian chief, Black Hawk.
May 5—A commercial and boundary treaty concluded with Mexico.
” 27—A new ratio of representation based on the 5th census gives one member of Congress to 47,700 inhabitants.
June 1—Gen. Sumter, a South Carolina hero of the Revolution, died.
” 9—The cholera55 breaks out at Quebec, Lower Canada. It swept over the country, following the lakes and rivers and routes of travel, with fearful violence.
July—The cholera breaks up Gen. Scott’s army, on the way to meet Black Hawk while in vessels on the lakes.
” 9—Congress creates the office of Commissioner35 of Indian affairs.
” 10—Naval hospitals established at Charlestown, Mass., Brooklyn, N. Y., and Pensacola, Fla.
” ”—The President vetoes the bill rechartering the U. S. Bank.
Aug. 27—Gen. Atkinson defeats the Indians and takes Black Hawk prisoner.
Nov. 14—Chas. Carroll, of Carrollton, Md., last surviving signer of Dec. of Ind., dies.
” 24—The unionists of S. C. meet and protest against this ordinance.
Dec. 10—President Jackson issues a proclamation against the nullifiers. He followed word with deed, garrisoning56 the forts, and sending vessels of war into the harbor of Charleston. His well known vigor left the nullifiers no hope of success, and they finally submitted.
” 18—A commercial treaty concluded with Russia.
” 20—Gov. Hayne, of S. C., defies the President in a counter proclamation.
” 28—J. C. Calhoun, of S. C., the Vice-President, resigns his office. President Jackson is re?lected this fall. His anti-nullification measures made him very popular.
[634]
1833.
Feb. 12—Henry Clay introduces a bill on the tariff compromising the points at issue between the manufacturing States and the South.
Mar. 3—It becomes a law, and gives general satisfaction.
” 4—President Jackson reinaugurated on his second term.
May 20—The death of La Fayette, in France.
June 1—Oliver Wolcott, Sec. of the Treasury under Washington, dies.
July 27—Com. Bainbridge, a famous naval commander, dies.
Sept. 30—President Jackson removes his Sec. of Treas. W. J. Duane, for refusing to carry out his policy in regard to the U. S. Bank. The presence of the Indians in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida, produces so much conflict and so frequent a necessity for chastising57 them that they are in danger of total extermination58. Gen. Jackson persuades Congress and the Indians to arrange for their removal to lands west of the Mississippi. Some of the Indians quietly remove this year. Many resist, but all are finally persuaded to this course by Gen. Scott and others, except the Seminoles of Fla.
1834.
Oct. 28—A conditional60 treaty made with the Seminoles at Payne’s Landing, May 9, 1832, for their removal to the Indian Territory west of the Mississippi, was afterwards confirmed by the chiefs but rejected by the people. Gen. Thompson was sent, at this time, by President Jackson to insist on their carrying out the treaty.
Dec. 28—A council of the Indians, called by Gen. Thompson, seemingly accept the terms of the President.
1835.
Mar. 3—Congress establishes branch mints in La., N. C., and Ga.
May 14—A treaty with the Cherokees purchases all their lands east of the Mississippi for $5,262,251, and ample lands in exchange in the Indian Territory.
June 3—Osceola, a Seminole chief, imprisoned61 by Gen. Thompson.
July 6—Chief Justice Marshall dies, aged 80.
Dec. 16—A destructive fire in New York. $17,000,000 worth of property consumed.
” 28—The Seminoles killed their chief, Mathla, who had been prominent in making the obnoxious62 treaty, and suddenly attack a U. S. force under Maj. Dade. But one man out of 110 escaped. He was wounded and afterwards died. The same day Gen. Thompson and others were surprised and massacred.
[635]
1836.
Early in this year the Indians laid waste the whole country, burning the buildings and killing65 all who had not taken refuge in the forts.
Jan. 20—A treaty of friendship and commerce concluded with the republic of Venezuela, South America.
Feb.—The U. S. Bank was chartered by the Legislature of Pa.
” 11—Gen. Gaines lands an army at Tampa Bay. He is surrounded by the Indians on his march toward Fort King. He repulsed66 them, but his army is nearly starved. While the army is held here the tribe remove their families and effects into the impenetrable swamps of the interior.
Mar. 2—The Texans proclaim their independence.
Apr. 26—Wisconsin receives a territorial67 government.
” 21—Battle of San Jacinto. Santa Anna taken prisoner.
June 15—Michigan erected into a State, conditionally68.
” ”—Arkansas admitted into the union.
” 23—A surplus revenue having accumulated it is loaned to the States.
” 28—James Madison, the ex-President, dies, aged 86.
July 4—Office of Commissioner of Patents created.
Sept. 15—Aaron Burr, an able but dishonest and disloyal statesman, formerly69 Vice-President, dies, aged 81.
The Creek Indians commenced hostilities70 in May of this year, in their usual fierce and barbarous manner. Gen. Scott and the State authorities of Geo. subdue71 them early in the summer.
In the presidential election this fall Martin Van Buren was elected.
Dec. 15—The General Post Office and Patent Office, with many records and articles of value, are destroyed by fire.
1837.
Jan. 16—The U. S. Senate repealed72 and expunged73 its resolution of March 24th, 1834, censuring74 President Jackson, as having exceeded his Constitutional powers when he ordered the public funds to be withdrawn75 from the U. S. Bank.
Mar. 4—Van Buren inaugurated President.
Speculation76 having been carried to an extreme length for some time, and somewhat arrested by the “specie circular” requiring payments for public lands to be made in coin, a revulsion, producing great distress77, and suspension of payments by the banks, occurred this spring.
May 3—The merchants of New York present a memorial to the President urging him to remit78 the regulations of the “specie circular.” The President declines, but calls an extra session of Congress.
Aug. 4—Texas proposes annexation79 to the U. S. The President declines to entertain the proposition.
” 13—The banks resume specie payments.
Sept. 4—Congress assembled in extra session. A portion of the surplus[636] revenue, which, by law of June 23d, 1836, was to be loaned to the States, is reclaimed80 to meet the current expenses of the government.
” 29—A treaty made with the Sioux Indians for the purchase of their lands, 5,000,000 acres, for $1,000,000.
Oct. 1—The Winnebagoes sell their lands for $1,500,000.
” 12—Congress authorizes81 the issue of $10,000,000 in Treasury notes.
” 21—Osceola, the Seminole chief, with 70 of his warriors82, visits the camp of Gen. Jessup. They are detained, and Osceola was imprisoned in Ft. Moultrie, S. C., where, in a few months, he died.
Dec. 25—The battle of Okee-cho-bee fought with the Seminoles in the swamps of Florida, by Col. Zachary Taylor. The Indians are defeated.
The Magnetic Telegraph was patented in this year.
1838.
Jan. 5—The President issues a proclamation enjoining83 neutrality on American citizens, during the “Patriot war,” or insurrection in Canada.
June 12—Iowa receives a Territorial government.
Aug. 19—An Arctic exploring expedition, with six vessels, sails from Hampton Roads, Va.
The Cherokee Indians completed their emigration to the Indian Territory this year.
1839.
Gen. Macomb makes a treaty early in this year with the Seminoles, which they very imperfectly kept.
A difficulty with England in regard to our northeast boundary narrowly avoids war, but is, at length, peaceably adjusted.
Dec. 2—Congress assembles.
” 4—A Whig Convention prepares for the contest of the coming year by the nomination84 of Wm. H. Harrison for the Presidency85. Great discontent was felt with the financial policy of Van Buren’s administration, and lively interest taken in the coming election, which made the campaign the most stirring and the noisiest ever experienced in this country.
1840.
This year was chiefly memorable87 for the “Log Cabin and Hard Cider” election gatherings88, and the extreme interest of the people in the elections, on financial grounds.
June 30—Congress passes the sub-treasury bill recommended by President Van Buren, in 1837, but then rejected.
Nov.—W. H. Harrison elected President, and John Tyler Vice-President.
1841.
Jan. 14—Imprisonment for debts due the U. S. abolished.
Mar. 4—Harrison inaugurated ninth President.
[637]
” 11—The steamer President sails from New York but is never again heard of. She had 109 passengers.
” 17—The President calls an extra session of Congress to consider financial questions.
June 25—Gen. Macomb died.
July 6—The proceeds of the public lands ordered to be distributed to the States.
” 21—Congress orders a loan of $12,000,000.
Aug. 9—The Sub Treasury act repealed.
” 16—President Tyler vetoes the National Bank bill.
” 18—A general bankrupt law passed.
Sept. 9—A Second Banking91 Bill vetoed. This was the fourteenth time the veto power had been used; by Washington twice, Madison four times, Monroe once, Jackson five times.
Oct. 11—Failure of U. S. Bank under the Pennsylvania charter.
1842.
June 25—The new Ratio of Representation, based on the census of 1840, gives one Member of Congress for every 70,600 inhabitants.
July 23—Bunker Hill Monument finished and dedicated92. The corner stone was laid by Lafayette 17 years before.
Aug. 20—The Ashburton treaty with England, settling the N. E. Boundary, ratified by the U. S. Senate.
” 14—The Ashburton-Webster treaty ratified in England.
1843.
Mar. 3—Congress appropriates $30,000 for building Morse’s electric telegraph from Washington to Baltimore. It was the beginning of that magnificent enterprise.
Com. Porter, minister to Turkey, dies in Constantinople.
Apr. 18—Commences “Dorr’s rebellion” in Rhode Island.
1844.
Feb. 28—A large cannon98 on board the war steamer Princeton, bursts while the President and others are visiting the vessel27, killing Messrs. Upshur and Gilmer, secretaries of war and navy, and others.
May 6—The “Know-nothing” or American excitement produces a serious riot in Philadelphia.
July 7—Jo. Smith, the originator of the Mormons, killed at Carthage, Ill.
Nov.—The Democratic party elected James K. Polk for President. The chief question entering into the election was on the annexation of Texas. It had been sought for some years but had been declined as certain to bring on a war with Mexico, which, as a[638] sister republic, and much weaker than ourselves, had been considered to be an unworthy act. The Whigs, with Henry Clay as their candidate for President, opposed it. It was carried, in great part as a pro-slavery measure, although the bitter and barbarous conduct of the Mexicans toward Texans and American citizens had something to do with it.
1845.
Jan. 16—A treaty made with China, ratified by the U. S. Senate.
” 23—An act of Congress orders presidential elections to be held in all the States on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
Mar. 3—Florida admitted into the union.
” 4—Mr. Polk inaugurated the tenth President.
June 18—Andrew Jackson died.
The Congress of Texas accepted the conditions of the U. S. and it became a State in the American union.
July 30—Gen. Taylor ordered to the frontier of Texas.
Sept. 10—Judge Joseph Story, of the U. S. Supreme Court, died, aged 66.
Dec. 15—A misunderstanding had long existed between the U. S. and England as to the northern boundary of Oregon. Much excitement is now produced by a speech and resolution of Mr. Cass, which seemed the prelude101 to war with Great Britain.
1846.
June 18—A treaty was negotiated by Mr. Packenham and Mr. Buchanan settling the northwest boundary satisfactorily.
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1
monarchy
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| n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国 | |
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partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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vigor
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| n.活力，精力，元气 | |
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4
imbued
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| v.使（某人/某事）充满或激起（感情等）( imbue的过去式和过去分词 )；使充满；灌输；激发（强烈感情或品质等） | |
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democrat
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| n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员 | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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7
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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8
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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mar
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| vt.破坏，毁坏，弄糟 | |
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10
strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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11
enjoined
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| v.命令( enjoin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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12
controversy
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| n.争论，辩论，争吵 | |
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13
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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14
enacted
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| 制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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indigent
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| adj.贫穷的，贫困的 | |
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authorized
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| a.委任的，许可的 | |
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ratified
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| v.批准，签认（合约等）( ratify的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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census
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| n.(官方的)人口调查，人口普查 | |
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dilatory
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| adj.迟缓的，不慌不忙的 | |
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remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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dealing
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| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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interfered
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| v.干预( interfere的过去式和过去分词 )；调停；妨碍；干涉 | |
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24
schooner
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| n.纵帆船 | |
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alligator
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| n.短吻鳄(一种鳄鱼) | |
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schooners
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| n.（有两个以上桅杆的）纵帆船( schooner的名词复数 ) | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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meritorious
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| adj.值得赞赏的 | |
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naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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stark
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| adj.荒凉的；严酷的；完全的；adv.完全地 | |
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chili
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| n.辣椒 | |
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mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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commissioners
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| n.专员( commissioner的名词复数 )；长官；委员；政府部门的长官 | |
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commissioner
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| n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员 | |
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reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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tariff
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| n.关税，税率；(旅馆、饭店等)价目表，收费表 | |
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simultaneously
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| adv.同时发生地，同时进行地 | |
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transformation
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| n.变化；改造；转变 | |
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Amended
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| adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词 | |
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ordinance
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| n.法令；条令；条例 | |
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continental
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| adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的 | |
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patriotism
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| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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retirement
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| n.退休，退职 | |
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agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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enactments
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| n.演出( enactment的名词复数 )；展现；规定；通过 | |
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subversive
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| adj.颠覆性的，破坏性的；n.破坏份子，危险份子 | |
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solicitor
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| n.初级律师，事务律师 | |
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51
treasury
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| n.宝库；国库，金库；文库 | |
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aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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hawk
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| n.鹰，骗子；鹰派成员 | |
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creek
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| n.小溪，小河，小湾 | |
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cholera
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| n.霍乱 | |
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garrisoning
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| 卫戍部队守备( garrison的现在分词 )； 派部队驻防 | |
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chastising
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| v.严惩（某人）（尤指责打）( chastise的现在分词 ) | |
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58
extermination
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| n.消灭，根绝 | |
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censures
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| v.指责，非难，谴责( censure的第三人称单数 ) | |
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conditional
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| adj.条件的，带有条件的 | |
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imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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clinch
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| v.敲弯，钉牢；确定；扭住对方 [参]clench | |
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repulses
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| v.击退( repulse的第三人称单数 )；驳斥；拒绝 | |
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killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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repulsed
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| v.击退( repulse的过去式和过去分词 )；驳斥；拒绝 | |
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territorial
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| adj.领土的，领地的 | |
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conditionally
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| adv. 有条件地 | |
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formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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hostilities
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| n.战争；敌意(hostility的复数)；敌对状态；战事 | |
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subdue
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| vt.制服，使顺从，征服；抑制，克制 | |
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repealed
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| 撤销，废除( repeal的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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expunged
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| v.擦掉( expunge的过去式和过去分词 )；除去；删去；消除 | |
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censuring
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| v.指责，非难，谴责( censure的现在分词 ) | |
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withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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speculation
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| n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机 | |
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distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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remit
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| v.汇款，汇寄；豁免（债务），免除（处罚等） | |
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annexation
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| n.吞并，合并 | |
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reclaimed
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| adj.再生的；翻造的；收复的；回收的v.开拓( reclaim的过去式和过去分词 )；要求收回；从废料中回收（有用的材料）；挽救 | |
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authorizes
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| 授权，批准，委托( authorize的名词复数 ) | |
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warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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enjoining
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| v.命令( enjoin的现在分词 ) | |
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nomination
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| n.提名，任命，提名权 | |
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presidency
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| n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期) | |
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democrats
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| n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 ) | |
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memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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gatherings
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| 聚集( gathering的名词复数 )； 收集； 采集； 搜集 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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convenes
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| 召开( convene的第三人称单数 )； 召集； （为正式会议而）聚集； 集合 | |
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banking
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| n.银行业，银行学，金融业 | |
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dedicated
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| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
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fiscal
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| adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的 | |
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sloop
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| n.单桅帆船 | |
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concord
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| n.和谐；协调 | |
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96
wrecked
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| adj.失事的，遇难的 | |
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97
frigate
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| n.护航舰，大型驱逐舰 | |
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98
cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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99
annexes
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| 并吞( annex的名词复数 )； 兼并； 强占； 并吞（国家、地区等）； 附加物，附属建筑( annexe的名词复数 ) | |
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joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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101
prelude
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| n.序言，前兆，序曲 | |
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