” 22-23—Grand review of Gen. Sherman’s army at Washington. There were 200,000 men.
” 26—Kirby Smith, the last leader of a Southern military organization, surrendered his command.
June 1—A day of fasting and national humiliation4 for the death of President Lincoln.
” 4—Toombs, of Georgia, prominent in the early days of secession, shot[681] himself to avoid arrest. Yet no one was capitally punished for treason.
” 5—The four confederates of Booth, the assassin of President Lincoln, were found guilty. They were hanged on the 6th and 7th. These were Harold, Atzerott, Powell and Mrs. Surratt.
” 11—Gen. R. E. Lee appointed president of the Washington College, Va. It was done by Southern people as a mark of respect, and to furnish him a support; he having lost his property in the war.
Sept. 20—The marking of the graves of 12,000 of the unfortunate Andersonville prisoners completed.
” 29—Cession of 1,000,000 acres of land to the government by the Osage Indians, for $300,000.
Nov. 10—Henry Wirz, the inhuman8 keeper of Andersonville prison, hung, after trial and condemnation9.
Dec. 18—Secretary Seward officially announces that the 13th Amendment10 to the Constitution, abolishing slavery in the United States, has been adopted by three-fourths of the States, and it is now the law of the land.
1866.
” 2—Funeral of Hon. Henry Winter Davis, U. S. Senator, at Baltimore.
” 12—The Kentucky University purchases the homestead of Henry Clay.
” 23—The 13th Constitutional Amendment reconsidered by the Legislature of New Jersey13 and passed. It had been rejected in the previous year.
” 25—Kentucky refused to pass the 13th Amendment.
” 31—Commissary and quartermaster warehouses14 burned, at Ft. Riley, Kansas. $1,000,000 lost.
Feb. 2—The Civil Rights bill passed the Senate.
” 11—The U. S. Sanitary Commission closed with an anniversary meeting at Washington.
” 12—Memorial services in honor of President Lincoln held in the capitol, at Washington; address delivered by the Hon. Geo. Bancroft, statesman and historian.
” 19—President Johnson vetoed the Freedmen’s Bureau bill.
” 22—The 134th anniversary of Washington’s birthday celebrated.
” 13—The Civil Rights bill passed the House of Representatives.
” 19—The Reciprocity Treaty with Canada expires.
[682]
” 27—The Civil Rights bill vetoed by President Johnson.
April 2—Gen. Hawley elected republican governor of Connecticut.
” 4—Gen. Burnside elected governor of Rhode Island.
” 6-7—Civil Rights bill passed Congress over the veto.
” 30—Two churches of colored people burned by incendiaries in Richmond, Va.
May 15—The President vetoes the bill admitting Colorado as a State.
” 29—Gen. Scott died at West Point, N. Y.
” 6—President Johnson issues a proclamation forbidding belligerent20 operations against Canada from the United States.
” 8-13—The 14th Constitutional Amendment passed by Congress.
July 4—Great fire at Portland, Me. Loss, $15,000,000. The U. S. government a heavy loser by this fire.
” 23—Tennessee readmitted as a State in the union, by joint21 resolution of Congress. This was the first State readmitted after the war.
” 25—Lieut. Gen. Grant nominated General—the highest grade known in our military organization—never before occupied. Vice15 Admiral Farragut nominated Admiral.
” 27—Hon. J. H. Harlan, Sec. of the Interior, resigns. O. H. Browning appointed.
” 28—The Great Eastern reaches Hearts Content, Newfoundland, with the Atlantic Telegraphic Cable, which proved successful. It had failed in the previous year. Great rejoicings. It was one of the most important events of this century.
” 30—Great riot at New Orleans, in which many were killed. It was thought the result of President Johnson’s policy of reconstruction22, which was not in harmony with the system adopted by Congress.
Aug. 1—Gen. Sherman commissioned as Lieut. General.
” 8—Queen Emma, wife of the late King of the Sandwich Islands, arrives at New York, and is received as a National Guest.
” 12—Telegraphic communication between New York and Europe complete, by the Atlantic Cable.
” 31—American and English naval23 forces unite to break up piracy24 by Chinese junks in the East Indies.
Sept. 6—The monument to S. A. Douglas, at Chicago, inaugurated. President Johnson made many speeches on his journey to attend this celebration, which were indiscreet, and disrespectful to Congress. It was called his “Swinging around the Circle,” in derision; a figure employed in one of his speeches.
Oct. 9—Gen. Geary elected governor of Pennsylvania.
Nov. 6—State elections in 12 States are held to-day.
[683]
” 20—The Grand Army of the Republic, formed of the present and previous officers of the U. S. Army serving in the late war, hold a convention at Indianapolis, Ind.
” 22—Raphael Semmes, former Commander of the Confederate war steamer Alabama, appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy in the Louisiana State Seminary.
Dec. 7—The Louisiana Legislature rejects the 14th Amendment to the Constitution.
” 13—Territorial Legislature of Colorado organized.
” 22—Massacre of nearly a hundred soldiers near Ft. Kearney.
” 24—U. S. Minister John A. Dix enters on his duties in France.
1867.
Jan. 7—A suffrage27 bill for the Dist. of Columbia vetoed by President Johnson, but passed over the veto by Congress. Congress was laboring28 to harmonize the laws of the country with the changes produced by the war. President Johnson did his utmost to prevent the success of this policy. Congress, however, succeeded in carrying its point. This is an important and interesting history, since it shows how the Representatives of the People may check and neutralize29 the power of a President when his designs conflict with the interests of the country and the purposes of the people.
” 8-10—14th Amendment ratified30 by two States (Missouri and New York) and rejected by another (Virginia).
” 28—Nebraska bill vetoed, but passed over the veto.
Most of the Northern States ratified the 14th Amendment in this month.
Feb. 20—Military government bill passed Congress.
Mar. 1—Nebraska proclaimed a State by the President.
” 2—The President vetoes the Military Government and Civil Tenure31 of Office Bills. They are passed over his veto.
” 4—The 39th Congress ends, and the 40th is organized.
” 11—Military governors assigned to various districts in the South.
” 30—The President announces the ratification32 of the treaty with Russia, by which the United States bought all her North American Possessions for $7,200,000.
Apr. 3—Gen. Burnside re-elected governor of Rhode Island.
June 19—The Arch Duke Maximilian, Titular34 Emperor of Mexico, shot by order of the Mexican Republican government. The remonstrances35 of the U. S. government obliged the French to withdraw their support from Maximilian.
July 13—The steamer Dunderberg, bought by France, sailed for Cherbourg.
Aug. 1—Gov. Brownlow re-elected governor of Tennessee.
[684]
” 5—The President requires Mr. Stanton, Sec. of War, to resign. He refuses, when the President suspends him and appoints Gen. Grant.
Dec. 4—The Patrons of Husbandry, or Farmers’ Grange, organized, in Washington.
” 7—A resolution in the House of Representatives to impeach38 President Johnson fails by three votes.
1868.
Jan. 1—Fifth Emancipation Anniversary celebrated by the colored people in various places.
” 6—Censure of the President by Congress for removing Gen. Sheridan from command of the 5th Military District.
Feb. 7—The resignation of U. S. Minister to England, Hon. C. F. Adams, announced.
” 19—Senate refuse his seat to P. F. Thomas, of Maryland, on account of disloyalty.
” 20—The Legislature of New Jersey withdraws its ratification of the 14th Amendment. Ohio and Oregon did the same. This action, considered as absurd as Secession, was not recognized.
” 21—President Johnson expels Mr. Stanton, Sec. of War, and appoints Gen. Thomas. This is done in defiance39 of the Senate, by whose “advice and consent” the Constitution requires it to be supported.
” 24—The House of Representatives adopt articles of impeachment40 of the President presented by Thaddeus Stephens, of Pa., by a vote of 126 to 57. This was 12 more than the requisite41 two-thirds.
Mar. 5—The Senate is organized as a Court of Impeachment, Chief Justice Chase presiding.
May 16—The impeachment trial terminated by a vote in the Senate of 35 for, to 19 against. As a two-thirds vote was necessary the impeachment failed by three votes. A few Republican Senators incurred42 great odium by voting for the President’s acquittal.
” 20—Gen. Grant nominated for President by the Republican Convention at Chicago.
” 22—A Chinese embassy, headed by Hon. Anson Burlingame, who had been U. S. Minister to China and acquired the confidence of the government of China to such an extent as to be chosen by them as the leader of their embassy to this country and the governments of Europe, arrived at New York.
” 29—Gen. Schofield appointed Sec. of War.
June 5—Mr. Burlingame and the Chinese embassy presented to the President.
” 6—A Bill for the re-admission of Arkansas passes Congress.
[685]
” 9—Bills for the re-admission of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama and Florida are passed.
” 12—Hon. Reverdy Johnson appointed Minister to England.
” 20—Bill for re-admission of Ark. vetoed by the President, but passed over his veto by a two-thirds vote.
” 24—The Bill for the admission of the other States being vetoed by the President was likewise passed over his veto.
July 4—Horatio Seymour of N. Y. and F. P. Blair of Mo. nominated for President and Vice-President by the Democrats43.
A political amnesty proclamation issued by the President.
” 16—Admiral Farragut received with distinguished44 honor by the Queen of England.
” 20—A Bill to exclude the electoral votes of the Southern States not re-admitted vetoed by the President and passed by Congress over the veto.
” 21—The 14th Amendment declared ratified, and a part of the Constitution.
” 28—Military government ceases in Arkansas, North and South Carolina, Louisiana, Georgia, Florida and Alabama.
Aug. 6—Jefferson Davis lands in Liverpool, England.
” 13—U. S. steamers Wateree and Fredonia destroyed during an earthquake at Lima, Peru; 40,000 lives were lost in this dreadful catastrophe45.
Sept. 7—Negro members of the Georgia Legislature expelled on account of race, contrary to the 14th Amendment.
” 18—Battle with the Indians on Republican River. Lt. Beecher and others killed.
” 19—Riot at Camilla, Geo., caused by hostility46 of Southern people to the political privileges of the blacks. Many negroes killed.
” 29—Gen. Reynolds, military governor of Texas, forbids the election in that State for President, Texas not having been re-admitted. This was in accordance with the law of Congress passed the 20th of July.
Nov. 3—U. S. Grant and Schuyler Colfax elected President and Vice-President. Popular majority 309,722. Electoral votes for Grant and Colfax, 214; for Seymour and Blair, 80. Virginia, Mississippi and Texas did not vote, and Nevada was not counted in. The whole popular vote was 5,722,984. In Florida the electors were chosen by the Legislature.
” 27—The Indians defeated by Gen. Custer, on the Washita river. Black Kettle, the chief, and more than a hundred warriors48 killed.
Dec. 1—Ft. Lafayette, N. Y., destroyed by fire.
[686]
” 3—Political troubles in Arkansas, in which many murders are committed.
” 7—Third session of the 40th Congress begins.
1869.
Jan. 7—John Minor50 Botts, a statesman of Va., imprisoned51 by the Confederate government during the war for his union sentiments, died.
Feb. 27—A joint resolution of Congress recommends to the States the adoption52 of the 15th Amendment to the Constitution.
Mar. 4—Gen. Grant inaugurated eighteenth President.
” ”—First session of the 41st Congress commenced.
” 13—James Guthrie, a statesman of Ky., died.
” 25—Hon. E. Bates, of Mo., Att’y Gen’l under Lincoln, died.
May 15—The union Pacific Railroad was completed by joining the two ends at Ogden, Utah. Distance from Omaha to San Francisco 1904 miles. This completed the line of railroad joining the Atlantic and Pacific. The greatest triumph of engineering yet known was accomplished53 in the Nevada Mts., by carrying the road to a height of over 7000 feet in 105 miles.
July 30—Hon. I. Toucey, of Conn., who had filled many offices in the State and United States government, died.
Sept. 8—William B. Fessenden, of Me., a statesman of reputation, died.
” 10—John Bell, of Ky., candidate for the Presidency54 in 1860, died.
” 6—Gen. J. A. Rawlins, Sec. of War, died. He had been Gen. Grant’s Chief of Staff during the war.
Oct. 8—Franklin Pierce, of N. H., ex-President, died.
Nov. 7—Rear Admiral Stewart, of U. S. Navy, died.
Dec. 24—Edwin M. Stanton, of Pa., Sec. of War during most of the civil war, died.
This year closes a most important era in the history of the United States, and of the world. The account with the civil war was definitely closed, and the final seal set on the policy of reconstruction by the inauguration55 of Gen. Grant, and the continuance of the Republican party in power by the people, together with the readmission of most of the Southern States and the possibility of the reversal of the decision in regard to slavery done away by the adoption of the fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution, giving the elective franchise56 to the colored population. Much emphasis was given to all these things by the prosperity of the country, and the rapid reduction of the debt, by the generally wise conduct of the Southern people, and the slowly increasing prosperity of that section. These results reacted in other countries to strengthen the tendency to freer and more popular governments, and seem, in some respects to have introduced the Era of Republicanism.[687] However slow may be the changes in this direction, they are sure to be made.
1870.
Jan. 1—Ten years ago the cloud of civil war settled densely57 over the country, and threatened its destruction. To-day that tornado58 has been passed by nearly six years, and its ruins are almost buried under the new and more thrifty59 growth of all interests and industries even in the South.
” 20—H. R. Revels60, of Miss., is chosen the first colored Senator who ever represented a State in Congress.
” 23—The U. S. steamer Oneida sunk by collision with another vessel61 on the coast of Japan. 176 lives lost.
Feb. 22—Hon. Anson Burlingame, head of the Chinese embassy to the powers of Christendom, died at St. Petersburg, Russia.
Mar. 28—Gen. G. H. Thomas dies in San Francisco, Cal.
” 30—The Sec. of State proclaims the ratification of the 15th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution by three-fourths of the States.
June 15—Death of Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte, at Baltimore, Md.
July 12—Death of Admiral Dahlgren, at Washington, D. C.
” 20—Death of M. Prevost Paradol, French Minister at Washington.
Aug. 14—Death of Admiral Farragut, at Portsmouth, N. H.
Sept. 7—Recognition of the French Republic by the U. S. government.
1871.
Great changes have been taking place in Europe. The Emperor, Napoleon III. taken prisoner by the Germans, his government was set aside by the people of France who founded a Republic.
Jan. 1—At this time the German army, under the lead of the King of Prussia (about this time made Emperor of Germany), is besieging63 Paris, the capital of France.
” 17—The San Domingo Commission sail from New York.
” 28—Paris capitulates to the Germans, which ends the Franco-Prussian war, terms of peace being soon arranged.
Feb. 12—Alice Carey, the authoress, died at New York.
” 16—An important Japanese mission to the U. S. and other governments arrives at San Francisco.
Mar. 1—The Germans make a triumphal entry into Paris.
” 20—British House of Commons votes $265,000 for the relief of Paris.
Apr. 20—A Bill against the Kuklux, a secret organization of Southern conspirators64 and murderers, passed in Congress.
” 31—The French government does not imitate our clemency66 to prisoners taken in rebellion. The soldiers of the Commune are slaughtered67 by thousands, by order of the Court Martial68 of the government army.
[688]
June 18—An earthquake on Long and Staten Islands, N. Y.
” 20—The first Atlantic Cable of 1865, which soon broke and became useless, is recovered and worked.
July 5—Earthquake at Visalia, Cal.
” 12—Irish Catholic riot in New York; 51 killed, 30 wounded.
Sept. 17—The Mont Cenis Tunnel, opening a passage for a railroad 7?ths miles long through the Alps from France to Italy, inaugurated. It had been many years building.
Oct. 2—Brigham Young, the head of the Mormons in Utah, arrested for bigamy.
” 8—A fire nearly consumes Chicago, destroying-property worth $200,000,000 and many lives. Fires rage in the forests of Wisconsin and Michigan. Much property, some towns, and many persons are burned.
” 17—South Carolina placed under martial law.
$2,050,000 received in aid of the people of Chicago.
” 18—The Grand Duke Alexis, of Russia, arrives at New York. He travels through the country for some months.
Dec. 9—Commissioners of the English and U. S. governments meet in Washington to settle the difficulties between the two governments arising from the spoliations of the Alabama.
” 16—Catacazy, the Russian Minister, called home at the request of our government.
” 29—Investigation71 of abuses in the New York city government commences. W. M. Tweed surrenders to the sheriff.
1872.
Jan. 2—Brigham Young arrested on a charge of murder.
Mar. 7—Trial and conviction of Kuklux prisoners in Ala.; 3 sentenced to imprisonment72 for 20 years.
Apr. 1—The colored people celebrate the adoption of 15th Amendment.
May 3—Horace Greeley nominated for President by a convention at Cincinnati, O.
” 22—The General Amnesty Bill signed by the President.
” 30—Graves of the union soldiers decorated throughout the country.
June 6—Grant and Wilson nominated for President and Vice-President.
” 26—Trial of Stokes for the murder of Fisk begun. After several trials he was condemned73 to imprisonment for murder.
July 24—Spotted-Tail and other western Indians visit Washington.
Aug. 16—Yellow Fever appears at New York.
Sept. 2—Father Hyacinthe, a liberal French Catholic priest, marries an American lady.
” 14—The arbitrators of the Alabama Claims, to whom the case had been submitted, and who had been two months sitting at Geneva, Switzerland,[689] announced their award. The United States was to receive $15,500,000 in gold.
Oct. 14—Wm. H. Seward, one of our most distinguished statesmen, is this day buried at Auburn, N. Y.
” 25—About this time the Horse disease commences, and spreads rapidly over the whole country.
Nov. 5—In the presidential election on this day President Grant is re-elected.
” 9—A great fire in Boston, Mass. Loss $75,000,000 in buildings and merchandise. Insurance $50,000,000.
In this month and December following storms of extreme severity caused great loss of life and property. An overflow74 of the river Po, in Italy, rendered 40,000 persons homeless. In the Baltic Sea 80 vessels were wrecked75, some islands were inundated77, and all their inhabitants drowned. It was not less severe on the coasts of England and Ireland.
Dec. 11—The King of the Sandwich Islands, Kamehameha V., died, leaving no heir.
” 12—The actor, Edwin Forrest, dies, at Philadelphia.
” 17—Edward A. Pollard, editor and author, died.
Important investigations79 of abuses in New York city and in the conduct of the Pacific Railway are made this winter, and many healthy reforms inaugurated. The order of Patrons of Husbandry becomes popular among agriculturists, and spreads rapidly, through the coming year.
1873.
Jan. 7, 8, 9—A dreadful snow storm occurs in Minnesota, by which 70 lives are lost.
” 9—The ex-Emperor Napoleon III. dies at Chiselhurst, in England, aged 64 years.
” 31—At Chicago, Ill., Joel A. Matteson, ex-governor of Illinois, died.
Feb. 1—M. F. Maury, formerly distinguished in the U. S. Naval service, dies at Lexington, Va.
” 9—J. W. Geary, ex-Governor of Penn., died at Harrisburg.
” 15—Steamer Henry A. Jones burned in Galveston Bay, Texas. 21 lives lost.
Mar. 3—Congress enacted80 a law increasing their pay, that of the President, and various officers of the government. It extended over the whole previous term of the 42d Congress, commencing March 4th, 1871. This law was very offensive to the mass of the people.
” 4—The wreck76 of the Alaska mail steamer, Geo. S. Wright, is reported at Portland, Oregon. All on board, 23 persons, perished.
[690]
” 17—Great fire at Lawrenceburg, Ky.
” 19—San Salvador, Central America, destroyed by an earthquake. Property destroyed estimated at from $12,000,000 to $20,000,000; and 500 lives lost.
Apr. 1—Steamer Atlantic wrecked near Halifax, N. S. 535 lives lost.
May 5—James Orr, American Minister to Russia, died, at St. Petersburg, aged 51.
” 4—An iron bridge at Dixon, Ill., crowded with people witnessing a baptism, fell, killing and drowning 100 persons.
” 7—Salmon P. Chase, Chief Justice of the U. S., died in New York, aged 65.
” 8—Hon. Oakes Ames, M. C., died at North Easton, Mass., aged 69.
John Stuart Mill, a celebrated English philosopher and author, died at Avignon, France.
” 30—A second great fire in Boston, Mass.
June 28—Hon. Horace F. Clark, prominent in railway enterprises, died in New York.
” 29—Jesse R. Grant, father of the President, died.
July 4—Severe storm, very destructive to crops in Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin and Missouri. 20 persons drowned in Green Lake, Wisconsin.
Aug. 2—Great fire at Portland, Oregon. Loss $1,500,000.
” 24—A storm of unprecedented83 severity raged on the coast of British America, and, at the same time, on the coast of Mexico. More than 100 vessels were destroyed in and near the gulf84 of St. Lawrence. Some populous85 islands were quite laid waste. 176 sailing vessels and 12 steamers were lost in the Gulf of Mexico.
The Patrons of Husbandry organize about this time at the rate of near 1,000 granges a month.
In this month commenced a most serious financial panic at New York, that spread over the whole country.
Oct. 26—J. C. Heenan, the prize fighter, died on the union Pacific R. R.
Nov. 6—Gen. Sickles87, U. S. Minister to Spain, telegraphs to Washington the capture of the Virginius by the Cubans.
” 8—Stephen R. Mallory, former Sec. of the Confederate Navy, died, aged 63.
” 22—The steamship89 Ville du Havre run into and sunk by the Loch Earn in mid90 ocean. 226 lives lost.
” 27—Richard Yates, ex-U. S. Senator and ex-Governor of Illinois, died at St. Louis, aged 55.
Dec. 1—The 43rd Congress assembles for its first session.
” 14—Louis Agassiz, a distinguished naturalist91 and man of science, died at Cambridge, Mass.
[691]
1874.
Jan.—The U. S. government narrowly escaped a war with Spain on account of the taking of the Virginius by Cuban authorities. That vessel was sailing under the American flag which was violated by its capture. 54 men were shot as pirates, some of them American citizens. The Spanish government disavowed the act, and gave up the vessel, Dec. 16th, 1873. It was so much damaged as to sink while on the way to the United States.
” 2—A Revolution in Spain overthrows92 the government of Se?or Castelar.
” 5—The President sends a message to Congress concerning the Spanish difficulty, now substantially settled.
” 9—Hon. Caleb Cushing nominated Chief Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court.
” 14—Nomination of Caleb Cushing recalled.
” 17—Death of the Siamese twins.
” 19—Morrison R. Waite, of Ohio, was nominated by the President as Chief Justice and confirmed afterward94 by the Senate.
” 27—Reliable intelligence of the death of David Livingstone, the African explorer, reaches England.
Feb. 4—The seventh annual meeting of the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry occurs in St. Louis, Mo. 8,000 subordinate granges have been added during the year. The Executive Committee state that farmers had saved $8,000,000 during the year by their co-operative system.
Mar. 8—Ex-President Fillmore died, in Buffalo, N. Y.
” 11—Death of Hon. Charles Sumner, a distinguished statesman and Senator from Mass., in Washington. He was born in Boston, Mass., Jan. 6th, 1811, and was 63 years old. He was of a patriotic95 race which originated in the county of Kent, England. His grandfather was a Major distinguished for valor96 in the Revolutionary army. Charles Sumner graduated from Harvard College in 1830, was admitted to the bar in 1834, and became highly distinguished as a lawyer. He succeeded Daniel Webster in the U. S. Senate in 1851, in which he remained till his death, being always conspicuous97 as one of the foremost leaders in public affairs.
” 24—A bill increasing the currency to $400,000,000 passed in the U. S. House of Representatives by 168 to 77.
Apr. 1—The U. S. debt officially stated to be $2,152,690,728.62. Decrease of debt during March, 1874, $2,189,338.46.
” 14—The Senate bill increasing the currency passes the House of Representatives. Many protests from different parts of the country are presented against it as injurious to the credit and interests of[692] the country. The discussion of this measure has occupied much of the time of Congress for some months.
” 18—The funeral of Livingstone, the lamented98 African explorer, takes place in London, England, where his remains99 had arrived. He was interred100 in Westminster Abbey, as a mark of distinguished honor.
” 17—Gov. Wm. B. Washburn is elected by the Mass. Legislature to represent the State in the U. S. Senate, made vacant by the death of Charles Sumner.
” 22—President Grant vetoes the Currency Bill increasing the issues of paper money, which defeats the measure, its friends in Congress not being numerous enough to pass it over the veto.
” 24—The Congressional committee on Transportation, after long and careful investigation, advised government oversight101 of Railroads, but against government ownership.
” 28—Congress voted $90,000 in aid of sufferers by the inundation102 of the lower Mississippi.
May 7—$100,000 were added to the above sum for the same purpose.
” 19—The system of payments to informers in customs revenue cases, repealed103. That system appeared to have been very grossly abused.
” ”—The conflict in Arkansas ended in the retreat of Brooks104 and the reinstatement of Gov. Baxter.
” ”—The New York Legislature passed a Compulsory105 Education Bill, which became a law in that state.
June 1—Mr. Richardson, Secretary of the Treasury106, resigned. Gen. Benj. H. Bristow of Ky., was appointed to succeed him.
” ”—The number of subordinate Granges of the Patrons of Husbandry is 19,492. The number of Patrons who are voters is estimated at 1,000,000.
” 23—Congress adjourned107. The sums appropriated at this session for carrying on the government amounted to $189,784,346.25. The largest item was for the Post Office Department—over $41,000,000.
” 24—Postmaster-General, John A. J. Creswell resigned, and Hon. Marshall Jewell was appointed in his place.
” 25—Telegraphic communication between the United States and Brazil introduced by congratulatory messages between the Emperor of Brazil and the President of the U. S.
July 8—Message of Gov. Davis of Minnesota to the Sec. of War, announcing the entire destruction of crops in many counties of that state by grasshoppers108.
” 14—Another great fire in Chicago. Loss over $4,000,000.
Gen Custer, commanding an exploring expedition in the Black Hills of Dacotah, reported discoveries of rich gold mines there.
” 27—An International Congress for mitigating109 the sufferings of war[693] by means of an International Code of Laws, convened110 at Brussels, in Belgium.
Aug. 19—A riot between whites and blacks in Kentucky, resulted in several murders of blacks. The Gov. called out the militia111 to restore order.
Sept. 2—400 Mormons sail from England for this country en route to Utah.
” 5—Gen. Sherman orders Military head quarters of the U. S. Army removed from Washington to St. Louis, Mo.
” 5—The one hundredth anniversary of the first meeting of the Continental112 Congress in Philadelphia, celebrated.
” 7—Great fire at Meiningen, Germany. Loss in buildings alone, $3,000,000.
” 13—Guizot, a celebrated French author and statesman, died, aged 87.
” 14—The white League, a secret organization opposed to the enfranchisement113 of the colored people, produced a conflict in New Orleans. 17 were killed and 32 wounded in a street fight, and the State government completely overthrown114.
” 16—President Grant interfered115 by proclamation and the government
” 18—was surrendered to the regular authorities, under protest.
Oct. 13—Elections held in 6 states returned 12 democratic Congressmen more than the previous number.
Nov. 3—Elections in 23 states give a strong democratic gain, indicating a reaction against the government. A sense of the necessity of reform in various ways, and of greater purity and integrity of administration was wide spread. It had caused, in part, the rapid growth of the Patrons of Husbandry, and was again expressed by political reaction. It was a significant rebuke116 to those in power. A typhoon, or hurricane at Hong Kong, China, Sept. 22-23, destroyed 30,000 lives and $50,000,000 of property.
Europe is making great political improvements. In France, during the last three years, out of 184 elections to fill vacancies117 in the National Assembly, 152 have been republican—only 32 monarchists, and in Russia the government has decided118 to enforce compulsory education.
Dec. 1—The number of Granges in the United States is 21,472.
” 7—The last session of the forty-third Congress commenced. The President’s Message strongly recommends early resumption of specie payments.
” 12—Kalakaua, King of the Sandwich Islands, reached Washington on a visit. He was received by the President on the 15th and by Congress on the 18th.
” 21—Disturbances119 at Vicksburg, Miss., called out a proclamation from the President.
” 28—Gerrit Smith, a distinguished abolitionist and philanthropist, died in New York, aged 78.
[694]
1875.
Jan. 1—Monarchy was restored in Spain. Alphonso XII, son of the ex-queen Isabella, was proclaimed King, and received the support of the army and navy. It was only a few months before that most of the European governments recognized the Spanish Republic.
” 4—Gen. Sheridan took command of the Department of the Gulf, at New Orleans. On that day the Legislature of Louisiana was organized, and United States troops, acting120 under the orders of the speaker and of Gov. Kellogg, ejected several members who, it was alleged121, were not entitled to seats. It produced much excitement throughout the country, the opposition122 denouncing it as an unexampled interference of the Federal Executive with State government. Congress sustained the action of the President, but exerted its influence to quiet the excitement in Louisiana, and a compromise was effected under which it gradually ebbed123 away.
” 12—Toung-tchi, Emperor of China, died, aged 19 years.
The emigrants124 arriving at the port of New York during the year 1874, numbered 149,762; a decided falling off, the arrivals having for some years, amounted to 250,000. The governments of Germany are endeavoring to remove the causes of emigration which threatens to affect their resources seriously.
Feb. 3—A proposed reciprocity treaty with Canada, was rejected by the Senate.
” 5—The civil rights Bill, adopted by the Senate during the last session, was amended125 by an omission126 relating to schools and adopted by the House. It was accepted by the Senate Feb. 27th, and signed by the President, March 1st.
” 25—A Republic was definitely recognized in France.
Gen. Lorenzo Thomas of the U. S. army died, aged 71.
” 3—A law admitting Colorado as a state was passed.
” 4—A law, passed in haste in the last hours of the session, restored the Franking Privilege to members of Congress until Dec. 1, and increased the postage on newspapers and packages for the people. The forty-third Congress came to a close.
” 5—The Senate convened in extra session in accordance with a call previously128 made by the President. G. S. Orth was confirmed U. S. Minister to Austria, and Horace Maynard U. S. Minister to Turkey.
” 10—A new treaty with Belgium was ratified.
” 18—The Senate ratified the treaty with Hawaii, which renders the interests of the Sandwich Islands substantially identical with those of the United States.
” 20—A destructive tornado in Georgia caused great loss of life and property.
[695]
” 24—The Senate, after officially approving the action of the President in Louisiana, closed its special session.
F. E. Spinner, United States Treasurer129, resigned, and John C. New, of Ind. was appointed his successor.
Apr. 19—The centennial anniversary of the battle of Lexington was celebrated with great interest. This battle was the first decisive step in the War of Independence. Its scenes and their consequences were dwelt on by some of the most distinguished literary Americans, and honored by the presence of the President of the United States and many of its most eminent130 authorities.
” 23—Three Steamers burned at New Orleans, in which fifty lives were lost.
” 28—A fire at Oshkosh, Wis., destroyed a square mile of the city. Loss in property over $2,000,000.
May 7—A Bill for suppressing religious orders introduced into the German Parliament. It subsequently became a law.
The Steamship Schiller was wrecked on the coast of Great Britain. Three hundred and eleven lives were lost.
” 10—Centennial anniversary of the capture of Fort Ticonderoga by Ethan Allen.
” 15—Attorney General Williams resigned and Judge Edwards Pierrepont was appointed his successor.
” 17—John C. Breckenridge, formerly Vice President of the United States, and a general in the Confederate army during the Civil War, died, aged 54.
” 18—A fearful earthquake in New Granada, South America. The city of Cucuta was completely destroyed; between two and three thousand lives were lost and more than $8,000,000 of property destroyed.
” 20—Celebration of the Mecklenburg, N. C., Declaration of Independence, with great enthusiasm.
” 30—The Steamer Vicksburg, on a voyage from Canada to England, was wrecked in a field of ice. 80 lives were lost.
June 17—Centennial anniversary of the battle of Bunker Hill was celebrated with great eclat131. Its most interesting feature was the fraternal spirit manifested by the North and South toward each other. Several Southern States were represented by bodies of soldiers.
” 30—Business failures since Jan. 1, of this year reported at 3,377, with liabilities amounting in all to $74,940,869.
July 8—Gen. Frank P. Blair, Jun., died in St. Louis, aged 54.
” 18—Lady Franklin, widow of Sir John Franklin, the unfortunate Arctic Explorer, died in England, aged 70.
Great loss of life and property has been caused in France by floods. In two cities alone the damage is estimated at $20,000,000,[696] and in the south of France at $75,000,000. Other parts of Europe have suffered heavily from the same cause.
” 23—Isaac Merrit Singer, inventor of the Sewing Machine of that name, died in London, England, aged 64.
The most prominent political issue of the time is hard money and currency. A Democratic convention in Md., and a Republican convention in Minn., each, yesterday and to-day, adopted a hard money platform. Ohio and Pa. democratic conventions afterwards declared for paper money.
” 31—Ex-President Andrew Johnson died in Tenn., aged 67. He was recently elected U. S. Senator from Tennessee.
Aug.—The Gov. of Tenn. appointed Hon. D. M. Key, to fill the vacancy132 in the Senate caused by Andrew Johnson’s death.
” 4—Republican government in France was strengthened by the passage of a Bill constituting a Senate.
The census133 of population in Louisiana, gives 850,390, an increase of over 15 per cent. since 1870. The excess of increase of colored over white population has been 45,668.
The census in Wisconsin gives a population of 1,236,090, being an increase of 17? per cent. since 1870.
” 26—The Bank of California suspended payment. It has long been the leading bank in the Pacific States.
” 27—W. C. Ralston, president of the Bank of California, was drowned while bathing.
Sept. 1—Violent disturbances in Mississippi between whites and blacks result in many deaths.
” 7—The Governor of Miss. called on the President for federal aid to protect citizens and restore order.
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收听单词发音
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1
subscribed
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| v.捐助( subscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；签署，题词；订阅；同意 | |
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sanitary
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| adj.卫生方面的，卫生的，清洁的，卫生的 | |
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3
hood
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| n.头巾，兜帽，覆盖；v.罩上，以头巾覆盖 | |
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humiliation
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| n.羞辱 | |
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5
mar
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| vt.破坏，毁坏，弄糟 | |
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6
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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inhuman
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| adj.残忍的，不人道的，无人性的 | |
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condemnation
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| n.谴责; 定罪 | |
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amendment
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| n.改正，修正，改善，修正案 | |
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emancipation
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| n.（从束缚、支配下）解放 | |
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12
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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13
jersey
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| n.运动衫 | |
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14
warehouses
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| 仓库，货栈( warehouse的名词复数 ) | |
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15
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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16
ratify
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| v.批准，认可，追认 | |
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17
testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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18
ordinance
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| n.法令；条令；条例 | |
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19
buffalo
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| n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛 | |
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20
belligerent
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| adj.好战的，挑起战争的；n.交战国，交战者 | |
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21
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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22
reconstruction
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| n.重建，再现，复原 | |
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23
naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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24
piracy
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| n.海盗行为，剽窃，著作权侵害 | |
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25
cemetery
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| n.坟墓，墓地，坟场 | |
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26
frigate
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| n.护航舰，大型驱逐舰 | |
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27
suffrage
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| n.投票，选举权，参政权 | |
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28
laboring
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| n.劳动，操劳v.努力争取(for)( labor的现在分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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29
neutralize
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| v.使失效、抵消，使中和 | |
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30
ratified
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| v.批准，签认（合约等）( ratify的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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31
tenure
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| n.终身职位；任期；(土地)保有权，保有期 | |
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32
ratification
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| n.批准，认可 | |
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33
bail
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| v.舀（水），保释；n.保证金，保释，保释人 | |
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34
titular
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| adj.名义上的，有名无实的；n.只有名义（或头衔）的人 | |
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35
remonstrances
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| n.抱怨，抗议( remonstrance的名词复数 ) | |
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36
ovation
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| n.欢呼，热烈欢迎，热烈鼓掌 | |
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37
dedicated
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| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
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38
impeach
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| v.弹劾；检举 | |
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39
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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40
impeachment
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| n.弹劾；控告；怀疑 | |
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41
requisite
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| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
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42
incurred
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| [医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式 | |
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43
democrats
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| n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 ) | |
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44
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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45
catastrophe
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| n.大灾难，大祸 | |
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46
hostility
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| n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争 | |
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47
assent
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| v.批准，认可；n.批准，认可 | |
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48
warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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49
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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50
minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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51
imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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52
adoption
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| n.采用，采纳，通过；收养 | |
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53
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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54
presidency
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| n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期) | |
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55
inauguration
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| n.开幕、就职典礼 | |
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56
franchise
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| n.特许，特权，专营权，特许权 | |
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57
densely
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| ad.密集地；浓厚地 | |
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58
tornado
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| n.飓风，龙卷风 | |
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59
thrifty
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| adj.节俭的；兴旺的；健壮的 | |
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60
revels
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| n.作乐( revel的名词复数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉v.作乐( revel的第三人称单数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉 | |
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61
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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62
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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63
besieging
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的现在分词 ) | |
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64
conspirators
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| n.共谋者，阴谋家( conspirator的名词复数 ) | |
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65
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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66
clemency
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| n.温和，仁慈，宽厚 | |
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67
slaughtered
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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68
martial
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| adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的 | |
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69
killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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70
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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71
investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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72
imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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73
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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74
overflow
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| v.(使)外溢，(使)溢出；溢出，流出，漫出 | |
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75
wrecked
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| adj.失事的，遇难的 | |
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76
wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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77
inundated
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| v.淹没( inundate的过去式和过去分词 )；（洪水般地）涌来；充满；给予或交予（太多事物）使难以应付 | |
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78
aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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79
investigations
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| （正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究 | |
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80
enacted
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| 制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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81
foundered
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| v.创始人( founder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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82
sculptor
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| n.雕刻家，雕刻家 | |
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83
unprecedented
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| adj.无前例的，新奇的 | |
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84
gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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85
populous
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| adj.人口稠密的，人口众多的 | |
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86
propeller
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| n.螺旋桨，推进器 | |
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87
sickles
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| n.镰刀( sickle的名词复数 ) | |
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88
celebrity
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| n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望 | |
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89
steamship
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| n.汽船，轮船 | |
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90
mid
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| adj.中央的，中间的 | |
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91
naturalist
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| n.博物学家(尤指直接观察动植物者) | |
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92
overthrows
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| n.推翻，终止，结束( overthrow的名词复数 )v.打倒，推翻( overthrow的第三人称单数 )；使终止 | |
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93
repeals
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| 撤销，废除( repeal的名词复数 ) | |
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94
afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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95
patriotic
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| adj.爱国的，有爱国心的 | |
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96
valor
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| n.勇气，英勇 | |
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97
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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98
lamented
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| adj.被哀悼的，令人遗憾的v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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99
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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100
interred
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| v.埋，葬( inter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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101
oversight
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| n.勘漏，失察，疏忽 | |
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102
inundation
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| n.the act or fact of overflowing | |
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103
repealed
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| 撤销，废除( repeal的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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104
brooks
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| n.小溪( brook的名词复数 ) | |
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105
compulsory
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| n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的 | |
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106
treasury
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| n.宝库；国库，金库；文库 | |
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107
adjourned
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| （使）休会， （使）休庭( adjourn的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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108
grasshoppers
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| n.蚱蜢( grasshopper的名词复数 )；蝗虫；蚂蚱；（孩子）矮小的 | |
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109
mitigating
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| v.减轻，缓和( mitigate的现在分词 ) | |
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110
convened
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| 召开( convene的过去式 )； 召集； （为正式会议而）聚集； 集合 | |
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111
militia
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| n.民兵，民兵组织 | |
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112
continental
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| adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的 | |
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113
enfranchisement
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| 选举权 | |
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114
overthrown
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| adj. 打翻的，推倒的，倾覆的 动词overthrow的过去分词 | |
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115
interfered
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| v.干预( interfere的过去式和过去分词 )；调停；妨碍；干涉 | |
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116
rebuke
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| v.指责，非难，斥责 [反]praise | |
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117
vacancies
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| n.空房间( vacancy的名词复数 )；空虚；空白；空缺 | |
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118
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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119
disturbances
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| n.骚乱( disturbance的名词复数 )；打扰；困扰；障碍 | |
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120
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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121
alleged
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| a.被指控的，嫌疑的 | |
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122
opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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123
ebbed
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| （指潮水）退( ebb的过去式和过去分词 )； 落； 减少； 衰落 | |
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124
emigrants
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| n.（从本国移往他国的）移民( emigrant的名词复数 ) | |
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125
Amended
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| adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词 | |
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126
omission
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| n.省略，删节；遗漏或省略的事物，冗长 | |
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127
tariff
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| n.关税，税率；(旅馆、饭店等)价目表，收费表 | |
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128
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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129
treasurer
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| n.司库，财务主管 | |
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130
eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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131
eclat
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| n.显赫之成功，荣誉 | |
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132
vacancy
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| n.（旅馆的）空位，空房，（职务的）空缺 | |
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133
census
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| n.(官方的)人口调查，人口普查 | |
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