“Thou only givest these gifts to man; and thou hast the keys of Paradise, O just, subtle, and mighty1 opium2.”——Confessions3 of an Opium-Eater.
According to the common opinion of the Arabs, there are seven heavens, one above another. The upper surface of each is believed to be nearly plane, and generally supposed to be circular, five hundred years’ journey in width. The first is described to be formed of emerald; the second of white silver; the third of large white pearls; the fourth of ruby4; the fifth of red gold; the sixth of yellow jacinth; and the seventh of shining light. Some assert Paradise to be in the seventh heaven; others state that above the seventh heaven are seven seas of light, then an undefined number of veils, or separations, of different substances, seven of each kind, and then Paradise, which consists of seven stages, one above another. The first is the mansion5 of glory, of white pearls; the second, the mansion of peace, of ruby; the third, the garden of rest, of green chrysolite; the fourth, the garden of eternity6, of green coral; the fifth, garden of delight, of white133 silver; the sixth, the garden of Paradise, of red gold; the seventh, the garden of perpetual abode7 or Eden, of large pearls—this overlooking all the former, and canopied8 by the throne of the Compassionate9.
The most direct road and speediest conveyance10 to Paradise, according to the testimony11 of all confirmed opiophagi, is by means of that subtle drug, opium. The most common form in which it is taken is that of vapour, inhaled12 through a peculiarly-constructed pipe. Those used by the Siamese resemble in form the common narghilè, or hubble-bubble of the Levant. They consist of an empty cocoa-nut shell, in an orifice in the top of which a hollow wooden tube is inserted, and the opening hermetically closed, so as to prevent the escape of either air or smoke. In another hole in the side of the cocoa-nut shell, a common little bamboo tube, about eighteen inches long, is tightly fixed14; a little earthen bowl, perforated at the bottom like a sieve15, is filled with opium, and one or two pieces of fire being placed thereon, this bowl is fitted on the top of the wooden tube. The man who hands round this pipe holds with one hand the bottom of the cocoa-nut (which is half full of water), and with the other hand he presents the bamboo tube to the smoker16, who, putting it to his mouth, inhales17 three or four whiffs of this most intoxicating18 narcotic19. The effect is almost instantaneous. He sinks gently against the cushion set at his back, and becomes insensible to what is passing around. The pipe is passed round from mouth to mouth, so that half an hour generally intervenes between the first whiff taken by the first smoker, and the last sigh heaved by the last man, as he revives from his short, pleasant dream, into which the whiffing has thrown him. One old and inveterate20 Siamese smoker declared to a recent resident among them, that if he knew his life134 would be forfeited21 by the act, he could no more resist the temptation than he could curb22 a fiery23 steed by a thread bridle24. It carried him into the seventh heaven—he heard and saw things no tongue could utter, and felt as though his soul soared so high above things earthly, during those precious moments of oblivion, as to have flown beyond the reach of its heavy, burthensome cage.
Opium smoking is not generally conducted on a plan so social. The Siamese may be considered as an exception to the general rule. The method pursued at Hong-Kong, of which we have received an account from a competent authority, is more a type of the opium-smoker in general, and the method he pursues.
In a reclining position, on boards placed on tressels, ranged around long, disgustingly dirty rooms, may be seen, at all hours of the day, haggard beggars, with putrefying sores, whose miserable25 feelings of desperation and woe26 drive them here to obtain a partial alleviation27, by steeping their senses in forgetfulness. The stem of the pipe used for smoking is made of hard wood, and would be taken for an English paper-ruler, about eighteen inches long, and an inch in diameter. The earthenware28 bowl or head screws on and off, at about three inches from the end. An assistant of the divan29, sitting in a corner of the room, is constantly engaged in scraping and cleaning these heads, which, from the small size of the hole through which the opium is inhaled (about the size of a pin’s head), are apt to get clogged30. The quantity of opium intended to be smoked, varying at a time from twenty to a hundred grains, is dipped carefully out of small gallipots, laid on a leaf, and charged for at the rate of a dollar per ounce. The opium is used by dipping into it the pointed31 end of a small wire, which is then applied135 to the flame of a lamp. In ignition it inflates33 into a bubble, and is then, with a dexterity34 obtained only by constant practice, rolled on the pipe head until it assumes the shape and size of a small orange-pip cut in half, and of the hardness of wax. It is then placed over the orifice in the head of the pipe, like a small chimney, through which the flame of the lamp is drawn35 into the bowl, converting the opium, in its passage, into a blue smoke, which is inspired by long continuous whiffs, and without removal of the pipe from the mouth, respired through the nostrils36. Two or three pipes may be taken by persons unaccustomed to the habit without leaving any other unpleasant feeling than a harshness in the throat. There are in Hong-Kong ten regular licensed37 divans38 for the smoking of opium, and nearly all these are in the Chinese portion of the town.
This picture would, however, be incomplete, without a few more particulars concerning the individuals who give themselves up to indulgence in the drug. And for this we must again seek the aid of an experienced medical man, who for years lived and laboured in the midst of opium smokers39. “Nothing on earth,” he states, “can equal the apparent quiet enjoyment40 of the opium smoker. As he enters the miserable scene of his future ecstasy41, he collects his small change, the labour, or begging, or theft of the day, with which he supplies himself with his quantity of Chandu; then taking the pipe, which is furnished gratis42, he reclines on a board covered with a mat, and with his head resting on a wooden or bamboo pillow, he commences filling his pipe. As he entered, his looks were the picture of misery43, his eyes were sunk, his gait slouched, his step trembling, and his voice quivering, with a sallow cast of countenance44, and a dull unimpressive eye. He136 who runs might read that he is an opium-smoker, and, diving still deeper below appearances, would declare him an opium sufferer. But now with pipe in hand, opium by his side, and a lamp before him, his eye already glistens45, and his features soften46 in their expression, while he is preparing the coming luxury. At last it is ready, and the pipe being applied32 to the lamp, there is heard a soughing noise, as with a full and hearty47 pull, he draws in all that opium and air can give. Slowly is the inspiration relaxed, but not until all the opium that is in the pipe is consumed; then, allowing the vapour, impregnated with the narcotic influence, to remain in his chest until nature compels him to respire, he gently allows it to escape, seeming to grudge48 the loss of each successive exit, until all is gone, when exhausted49 and soothed—
“‘Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch
About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams,’
he withdraws the pipe, reclines his head, and gives himself up to the first calming effect of the drug. His next attempt confirms the comfort, and now no longer does he complain of racking limbs or aching bones; no longer does the rheum run from his eyes, and relaxed is the tightness of the chest, as he dwells with fond affection on the inspiring pipe. His second pipe being finished, he can now look round, and has time to gaze on what is going on; but his soul is still wrapped in the bliss50 that is anticipated from what remains51 of his allowance, for not until a third or fourth whiff do the feelings of positive pleasure arise. Then is felt a lightness of the head, a tingling53 in every limb—the eyes seem to be enlarged, and the ears sharpened to hearing, an elasticity54, an inclination55 to mount on high is experienced—all pains are gone, and pleasure now137 remains—all weariness has left, and freshness takes its place. The loathing56 of food that was lately experienced is changed to a relish57 for what is piquant58, and a great desire is frequently felt for some particular food. The tongue is now loosened, and tells its tale. For whatever is secret becomes open, and what was intended for one becomes known to all. Still there is no excitement, but a calmness, soft, soothing59, and sedative60. He dreams no dreams, nor thinks of the morrow but with a smile in his eye; he fills his pipe with the last of his allowance; slowly inhaling61 it, he seems to brighten up. The smile that was sparkling in his eye, extends to other features, and his appearance is one of complete, yet placid62 enjoyment. Presently the pipe is slowly displaced, or drops by his side; his head, if raised, is now laid on the pillow—feature after feature gives up its smile—the eye becomes glazed—now droops63 the upper eyelid65, and falls the chin with the lower lip, deeper and deeper inspirations follow—all perception is gone; objects may strike the eye, but no sights are seen; sounds may fall on the ear, but no sensations are excited. So he passes into sleep, disturbed and broken, from which the wretched being awakes to a full conception of his misery. ‘To sleep, perchance to dream!’—and what dreams!—what ecstatic delights!—what ravishments!—what illusions!
“‘Things
Seen for the first time, and things, long ago
Seen, which he ne’er again shall see, do blend
Strangely and brokenly with ghastly things
Such as we hear in childhood, scorn in youth,
And doubt in manhood, save when seen.’”
In the narrative66 of the voyage of H.M.S.Samarang, Mr. A. Adams informs us, that in a large138 caravansary belonging to the Malay village near Singapore, he had an opportunity of observing the effects of opium on the physical aspect of the Malay. One of these was a feeble, worn out old man, with an unearthly brilliancy in his eye. His body was bent67 forwards and greatly emaciated68—his face was shrunken, wan52, and haggard—his long skinny arm, wasted fingers, and sharp pointed nails resembled more the claw of some rapacious69 bird, than the hand of a lord of the creation—his head was nodding and tremulous—his skin wrinkled and yellow, and his teeth were a few decayed, pointed, and black stained fangs70. As he was approached, he raised his body from the mat on which he was reposing71. There was something interesting and at the same time melancholy72 in the physique of the old man, who now in rags, appeared from the silver ornaments73 he wore, and by his embroidered74 jacket, to have been formerly75 a person of some distinction; but the fascinating influence of the deadly drug had fastened on him, and a pallet in a caravansary was the reward of self-indulgence. “In my experience of opium,” says Mr.————, “which has not, however, been very extensive, I cannot say I have found as much pleasure as the English opium-eater in his Confessions would lead us to believe fell to his lot. After three or four Chinese opium pipes, I found my brain very much unsettled, and teeming76 with thoughts ill-arranged, and pursuing each other in wanton dreamy play, without order or connection, the circulating system being at the time much excited, the frame tremulous, the eyeballs fixed, and a peculiar13 and agreeable thrilling sensation extending along the nerves. The same succession of image crowding upon image, and thoughts revelling77 in strange disorder78, continues for some time, during which a person appears to be in the condition of139 the madman alluded79 to by Dryden in his play of the ‘Spanish Fryar.’
As heaps of sand, and scattering81 wide from sense
So high he’s mounted on his airy throne,
That now the wind has got into his head,
Unutterable melancholy feelings succeed to this somewhat pleasurable period of excitement, but a soft languor83 steals shortly across the senses, and the half-poisoned individual falls asleep. The next day there is great nausea84 and sickness of stomach, headache, and tormenting85 thirst, which makes you curse opium, and exclaim, with Shakespeare’s ‘King John,’
“‘And none of you will bid the winter come
To thrust his icy fingers in my maw;
Nor let my kingdom’s rivers take their course
And comfort me with cold.’”
Dr. Madden tried, experimentally, the effects of opium—he commenced with a grain, which produced no perceptible effect, to this he afterwards added another grain. After two hours from commencing the operation, his spirits became excited. “My faculties,” he writes,140 “appeared enlarged, everything I looked at seemed increased in volume. I had no longer the same pleasure when I closed my eyes which I had when they were open; it appeared to me as if it was only external objects which were acted on by the imagination, and magnified into images of pleasure; in short, it was the faint exquisite90 music of a dream in a waking moment. I made my way home as fast as possible, dreading91, at every step, that I should commit some extravagance. In walking, I was hardly sensible of my feet touching92 the ground—it seemed as if I slid along the street, impelled93 by some invisible agent, and that my blood was composed of some ethereal fluid, which rendered my body lighter94 than air. I got to bed the moment I reached home. The most extraordinary visions of delight filled my brain all night. In the morning I rose pale and dispirited, my head ached, my body was so debilitated95, that I was obliged to remain on the sofa all day, dearly paying for my first essay at opium-eating.” Thus far, the opium-eater and the opium-smoker seem to agree in the principal results from the use of the drug.
From the communications of Dr. Medhurst may be learnt many important facts relative to this habit in China. Day by day, and year by year, the practice of opium-smoking prevails more and more among this people, and by and by it will doubtless have a powerful effect upon the destinies of the country. It is said, that the late Emperor used the drug; it is certain that most of the government officers do, and their innumerable attendants are in the same category. Opium is used as a luxury by all classes, and to a great extent, indeed so great, that it cannot fail to exhibit its effects speedily upon the mass of the inhabitants. In rich families, even if the head of the house does not use the drug, the sons soon learn to use it, and almost all are exposed to the temptation of employing it, as many of their friends and acquaintances are in the habit of smoking; and it is considered a mark of politeness to offer the pipe to a friend or visitor. Many persons fly to the use of the pipe when they get into trouble, and when they are afflicted96 with chronic97 or painful diseases, sleeplessness98, &c. Several persons who have been attended for malignant99 tumours100 were made victims141 of the drug, by the use of it to appease101 the pain and distress102 they had to endure. The beggars are, to a great extent, under its influence; but they use the dregs and scrapings only of the half-consumed drug, which is removed from the pipe-head when it is cleaned. The most common cause of the Chinese resorting to the use of the opium-pipe is their not knowing how to employ their leisure hours when the business of the day is over—there is no periodical literature to engage their attention. Their families do not present sufficient attractions to keep them at home, and sauntering about of an evening, with nothing to employ the mind, they are easily tempted103 into the opium shops, where one acquaintance or another is sure to be found, who invites to the use of the drug.
Many of the middling classes dissipate their money in this indulgence, and, among the lower classes, those who indulge in the use of opium are reduced to abject104 poverty. Having no property, furniture, or clothes to dispose of, their wives and children are sold to supply their ever-increasing appetite for the drug; and when these are gone, with greatly diminished strength for labour, they can no longer earn sufficient for their own wants, and are obliged to beg for their daily bread. As to the supply of opium, they must depend on the scrapings of other men’s pipes, and as soon as they are unable, by begging, to obtain the necessaries of life, together with the half-burnt opium, on which their very life depends, they droop64 and die by the roadside, and are buried at the expense of the charitable.
Two respectable young men, the sons of an officer of high rank, well informed, having received a good education, accustomed to good society, and who excited great interest in the minds of those with whom they came in contact, lately died. So142 inveterate was their habit of opium-smoking, and so large the quantity necessary to keep up the stimulus105, that their funds were exhausted. Friends assisted them, and relieved their necessities again and again; but it was impossible to give them bread and opium too, and they subsequently died, one after the other, in the most abject and destitute106 condition.
At Shanghae, just inside the north gate, in front of a temple, one of such destitute persons, unable to procure107 either food or opium, was lying at the last gasp108, while two or three others with drooping109 heads were sitting near, who looked as if they would soon be prostrated110 too. The next day, the first of the group lay dead and stiff, with a coarse mat wound round his body for a shroud111. The rest were lying down unable to rise. The third day another was dead, and the remainder nearly so. Help was vain, and pity was the only feeling that could be indulged.
It may be judged of the extent of opium-smoking in China from the reports of the native Teapoas, inclosures in Sir J. Bowring’s Report. The inhabitants in the Chung-wan (Centre bazaar) are about 5,800. The number that smoke opium, merely because they like it, are upwards112 of 2,600. In the Hah-wan (Canton bazaar) there are upwards of 1,200. The number that smoke opium, merely because they like it, are upwards of 600. At Sheong-wan the number of male residents are 13,000; there are 3,000 opium-smokers. At Tai-ping-shan the number of inhabitants are 5,300 men; of these upwards of 1,200 smoke opium because they like it. The number of inhabitants in Ting-loong-chow are 2,500; the number of opium-smokers are reported at 400. Thus, out of 27,800 inhabitants, 7,800 of whom, or 26 per cent., are smokers of opium.
143
Dr. McPherson, in writing of the Shikhs, informs us that most of the Shirdars are under the influence of spirits or of opium for eighteen hours out of the twenty-four. Their early use, both of the spirit and the drug, renders them indispensable through life. If deprived of their usual dose, the Shikh is one of the most wretched beings imaginable. Before engaging in any feast, the Shikh takes his opium, by which he is for a time excited, and this is soon followed by languor and inactivity. Talking of Runjeet Sing, who was at that time labouring under paralysis113, from which eventually he died, he says he still used opium, so that little could be expected from remedial means.
The Shikhs are forbidden the use of tobacco by the tenets of their religion, but find a ready substitute for it in opium, which is consumed in great quantities throughout the whole of the Punjaub, as well as among the protected Shikh states. While under the effects of this drug, the Shikh is a very different person to the same individual before he has taken it. In the former instance, he is active and talkative; in the latter, lazy and stupid.
It has been imagined that the preparation of opium has an injurious effect upon those engaged therein; but Dr. Eatwell, of the Benares Agency, states that, “amongst the thousands of individuals, cultivators, and employés, with whom the factory is filled during the receiving and manufacturing seasons, no complaints are ever heard of any injurious effects resulting from the influence of the drug, whilst they all remain quite as free from general sickness as persons unconnected with the general establishment—in fact, if anything, more so. It occasionally happens that a casual visitor to the factory complains of giddiness or headache; but the European officers employed in the department, who pass the greater part of the day with144 the thermometer between 95° and 105° Fah. amongst tons of the drug, never experience any bad effects from it. The native purkhea sits usually from six a.m. to three p.m. daily, with his hand and arm immersed nearly the whole time in the drug, which he is constantly smelling, and yet he feels no inconvenience from it. He has informed me, that at the commencement of the season, he experiences usually a sensation of numbness114 in the fingers; but I believe this to be more the result of fatigue115, consequent upon the incessant116 use of the arm and fingers, than of any effect of the opium. In the large caking-vats117, men are employed to wade118 knee-deep through the drug for several hours during the morning, and they remain standing119 in it during the greater part of the rest of the day, serving out the opium by armsful, their bodies being naked, with the exception of a cloth about the loins. These men complain of a sensation of drowsiness120 towards the end of their daily labours, and declare that they are overpowered early in the evening by sleep, but they do not complain of the effect as being either unpleasant or injurious.
“Infants, of a few months old, may be frequently seen lying on the opium-besmeared floor, under the vats, in which dangerous position they are left by their thoughtless mothers; but, strange to say, without any accident ever occurring. Here are abundant facts to show that the health of those employed in the opium-factory, and in the manipulation of the drug, is not exposed to any risk whatever; whilst the impunity121 with which the drug is handled by hundreds of individuals, for hours together, proves that it has no endemic action; for I am inclined to consider the soporific effect experienced by the vat-treaders as produced through the lungs, and not through the skin.” This may be considered, therefore, as setting the question145 entirely122 at rest, and demonstrating the fact that the factory labourers are not sufferers.
According to a Chinese petition presented on one occasion to the Emperor, it is believed that the English, by introducing opium into that country, did so as a means of its subjugation123, presuming, we may suppose, that the Celestials124 were invincible125, except by some such cabalistic means. “In the History of Formosa,” says this document, “we find the following passage: ‘Opium was first produced in Kaoutsinne, which by some is said to be the same as Kalapa or Batavia. The natives of this place were at the first sprightly126 and active, and, being good soldiers, were always successful in battle. But the people called Hung-maou (red-haired) came thither127, and having manufactured opium, seduced128 some of the natives into the habit of smoking it. From these, the mania129 for it spread rapidly through the whole nation; so that in process of time the natives became feeble and enervated130, submitted to foreign rule, and ultimately were completely subjugated131. Now the English,’ it continues, ‘are of the race of foreigners called Hung-maou. In introducing opium into this country, their purpose has been to weaken and enfeeble the Central Empire. If not early aroused to a sense of our danger, we shall find ourselves, ere long, on the last step towards ruin.’”
The degradation132 or subjugation of the Chinese is much more likely to be affected133 by a habit concerning which we hear less, but which is infinitely134 more disastrous135 than the indulgence in opium. This is the brandy-drinking customs of the north. This horrible drink, distilled136 from millet137, is the Chinaman’s delight, and he swallows it like water. Many ruin themselves with brandy, as others do with gaming. In company, or even alone, they will pass whole days and nights in drinking146 successive little cups of it, until their intoxication138 makes them incapable139 of carrying the cup to their lips. “Gambling140 and drunkenness,” says Abbé Huc, “are the two permanent causes of pauperism141 in China.”
It is unfortunately the custom for the distillers to supply brandy on credit for a whole year, so that a tippler may go on for a long time drawing from this inexhaustible spring. His troubles will only begin in the last moon—the legal period of payment. Then, indeed, he must pay, and with usury142; and as money does not usually become more plentiful143 with a man from the habit of getting drunk every day, he has to sell his house and his land, if he has any, or to carry his furniture and his clothes to the pawnbroker’s. In the south, there is less brandy-drinking, and more gambling; but between the two there is little to choose, as either impoverishes144 those who devote themselves to its service, and to which even opium-smoking is preferable.
Mr. Meadows, the Chinese Government Interpreter at Hong-Kong, says,147 “As to the morality of the opium question, I am fortunately able to give the home reader, by analogy, and in a few words, as exact an idea of it as I have got myself. Smoking a little opium daily, is like taking a pint145 or two of ale, or a few glasses of wine daily; smoking more opium is like taking brandy as well as beer and wine, or a large allowance of these latter; smoking very much opium is like excessive brandy and gin-drinking, leading to delirium146 tremens and premature147 death. After frequent consideration of the subject during thirteen years, the last two spent at home, I can only say that, although the substances are different, I can, as to the morality of producing, selling, and consuming them, see no difference at all; while the only difference I can observe in the consequences of consumption is, that the opium-smoker is not so violent, so maudlin148, or so disgusting as the drunkard. The clothes and breath of the confirmed and constant smoker are more or less marked by the peculiar penetrating149 odour of opium, and he gets careless in time of washing from his hands the stains from his pipe. But all this is not more disagreeable than the beery, vinous, or ginny odour, and the want of cleanliness that characterize the confirmed drunkard. In all other respects, the contrast is to the disadvantage of the drunkard.”
Without pursuing this question further, there is evidently a fascination150 in the pipe to the opium-smoker, to a degree of which the most ardent151 lover of a pipe of tobacco has but a faint idea. In proportion as the indulgence in the drug produces a state of happiness far transcending152 all that the votary153 of the weed experiences, so does its influence over him increase; and if it is difficult for the habitual154 smoker of tobacco to forego the pleasure of his accustomed pipe, it is therefore ten times more difficult for the smoker or eater of opium to renounce155 for ever, a custom which brings with it, even in imagination though it may be, tenfold more pleasures, and a more ecstatic enjoyment. This is the universal evidence of all who have been inquired of, and of all who have had intercourse156 with opiophagi in all parts of the world.
What fascinating influence this Paradise in prospect157 has upon those who indulge in journeys thither, may be imagined from the notorious fact, that in Bristol, Coleridge went so far as to hire men—porters, hackney-coachmen, and others—to oppose by force his entrance into any druggist’s shop. But as the authority for stopping him was derived158 only from himself, so these poor men found themselves in a fix; for when the time and the148 inclination arrived, he proceeded to the shop, and on their offering resistance, he, the same who had instructed them to prevent his entrance, now insisted on their allowing him to pass, annulled159 all former instructions, and on the authority of one who paid for their services, demanded its exercise as he thought fit, and the gates of Paradise were opened.
According to Darwin, even poultry160 have mounted the ladder to within a few steps of Elysium; for that worthy161 informs us, that they were fed for the London market by mixing gin and opium with their food, and keeping them in the dark, but that “they must be killed as soon as they are fattened162, or they become weak and emaciated, like human drunkards.” We have no recording163 pullet to inform us of the visions of the barn-door family under the influence of the beatific164 drug, nor “Confessions of a Chanticleer,” to tell of the pains that succeeded a too-free indulgence in the little pills; all we learn from the account is, that the vision of Paradise very closely preceded its reality, for the feathered bipeds were dosed and killed. The human biped for half a century continues his dream—and all through that period it is but a dream—yet that he is happy while under its influence there can be no doubt; and when he has reclined on his couch, obtained his pipe, and sunk into the beatific oblivion so coveted165 by the Asiatic, we may imagine his exclaiming with the Peri, after obtaining the trickling166 tear,
“Joy, joy for ever! my task is done;
The gates are passed, and heaven is won.
Oh! am I not happy? I am—I am.
To thee, sweet Eden! how dark and sad
Joy, joy for ever! my task is done;
The gates are passed, and heaven is won!”
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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opium
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| n.鸦片；adj.鸦片的 | |
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3
confessions
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| n.承认( confession的名词复数 )；自首；声明；（向神父的）忏悔 | |
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ruby
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| n.红宝石，红宝石色 | |
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mansion
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| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
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eternity
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| n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷 | |
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abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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canopied
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| adj. 遮有天篷的 | |
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compassionate
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| adj.有同情心的，表示同情的 | |
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conveyance
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| n.(不动产等的)转让，让与；转让证书；传送；运送；表达；（正）运输工具 | |
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testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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12
inhaled
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| v.吸入( inhale的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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sieve
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| n.筛，滤器，漏勺 | |
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smoker
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| n.吸烟者，吸烟车厢，吸烟室 | |
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inhales
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| v.吸入( inhale的第三人称单数 ) | |
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intoxicating
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| a. 醉人的,使人兴奋的 | |
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narcotic
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| n.麻醉药，镇静剂；adj.麻醉的，催眠的 | |
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20
inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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21
forfeited
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| （因违反协议、犯规、受罚等）丧失，失去( forfeit的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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22
curb
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| n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制 | |
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23
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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24
bridle
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| n.笼头，束缚；vt.抑制，约束；动怒 | |
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25
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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26
woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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27
alleviation
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| n. 减轻，缓和，解痛物 | |
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28
earthenware
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| n.土器，陶器 | |
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29
divan
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| n.长沙发；（波斯或其他东方诗人的）诗集 | |
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30
clogged
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| （使）阻碍( clog的过去式和过去分词 )； 淤滞 | |
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31
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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32
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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33
inflates
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| v.使充气（于轮胎、气球等）( inflate的第三人称单数 )；（使）膨胀；（使）通货膨胀；物价上涨 | |
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34
dexterity
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| n.(手的)灵巧，灵活 | |
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35
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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36
nostrils
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| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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37
licensed
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| adj.得到许可的v.许可，颁发执照(license的过去式和过去分词) | |
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38
divans
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| n.（可作床用的）矮沙发( divan的名词复数 )；（波斯或其他东方诗人的）诗集 | |
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39
smokers
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| 吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 ) | |
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40
enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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41
ecstasy
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| n.狂喜，心醉神怡，入迷 | |
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42
gratis
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| adj.免费的 | |
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43
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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44
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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45
glistens
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| v.湿物闪耀，闪亮( glisten的第三人称单数 ) | |
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46
soften
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| v.(使)变柔软；(使)变柔和 | |
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47
hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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48
grudge
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| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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49
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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50
bliss
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| n.狂喜，福佑，天赐的福 | |
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51
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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52
wan
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| (wide area network)广域网 | |
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53
tingling
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|
| v.有刺痛感( tingle的现在分词 ) | |
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54
elasticity
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| n.弹性，伸缩力 | |
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55
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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56
loathing
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| n.厌恶，憎恨v.憎恨，厌恶( loathe的现在分词)；极不喜欢 | |
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57
relish
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|
| n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味 | |
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58
piquant
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| adj.辛辣的，开胃的，令人兴奋的 | |
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59
soothing
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| adj.慰藉的；使人宽心的；镇静的 | |
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60
sedative
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| adj.使安静的，使镇静的；n. 镇静剂，能使安静的东西 | |
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61
inhaling
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| v.吸入( inhale的现在分词 ) | |
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62
placid
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| adj.安静的，平和的 | |
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63
droops
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| 弯曲或下垂，发蔫( droop的名词复数 ) | |
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64
droop
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| v.低垂，下垂；凋萎，萎靡 | |
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65
eyelid
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| n.眼睑，眼皮 | |
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66
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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67
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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68
emaciated
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| adj.衰弱的，消瘦的 | |
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69
rapacious
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| adj.贪婪的，强夺的 | |
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70
fangs
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| n.（尤指狗和狼的）长而尖的牙( fang的名词复数 )；（蛇的）毒牙；罐座 | |
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71
reposing
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| v.将（手臂等）靠在某人（某物）上( repose的现在分词 ) | |
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72
melancholy
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|
| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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73
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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74
embroidered
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|
| adj．绣花的 | |
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75
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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76
teeming
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|
| adj.丰富的v.充满( teem的现在分词 )；到处都是；（指水、雨等）暴降；倾注 | |
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77
revelling
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| v.作乐( revel的现在分词 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉 | |
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78
disorder
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| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
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79
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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80
raves
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| n.狂欢晚会( rave的名词复数 )v.胡言乱语( rave的第三人称单数 )；愤怒地说；咆哮；痴心地说 | |
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81
scattering
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|
| n.[物]散射；散乱，分散；在媒介质中的散播adj.散乱的；分散在不同范围的；广泛扩散的；（选票）数量分散的v.散射(scatter的ing形式)；散布；驱散 | |
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82
frenzy
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|
| n.疯狂，狂热，极度的激动 | |
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83
languor
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|
| n.无精力，倦怠 | |
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84
nausea
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|
| n.作呕，恶心；极端的憎恶(或厌恶) | |
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85
tormenting
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| 使痛苦的，使苦恼的 | |
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86
bosom
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|
| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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87
entreat
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| v.恳求，恳请 | |
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88
bleak
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|
| adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的 | |
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89
parched
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|
| adj.焦干的；极渴的；v.（使）焦干 | |
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90
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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91
dreading
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| v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的现在分词 ) | |
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92
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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93
impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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94
lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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95
debilitated
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|
| adj.疲惫不堪的，操劳过度的v.使（人或人的身体）非常虚弱( debilitate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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96
afflicted
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| 使受痛苦，折磨( afflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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97
chronic
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| adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的 | |
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98
sleeplessness
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| n.失眠，警觉 | |
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99
malignant
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|
| adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的 | |
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100
tumours
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| 肿瘤( tumour的名词复数 ) | |
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101
appease
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| v.安抚，缓和，平息，满足 | |
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102
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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103
tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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104
abject
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| adj.极可怜的，卑屈的 | |
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105
stimulus
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| n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物 | |
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106
destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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107
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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108
gasp
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| n.喘息，气喘；v.喘息；气吁吁他说 | |
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109
drooping
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| adj. 下垂的，无力的 动词droop的现在分词 | |
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110
prostrated
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| v.使俯伏，使拜倒( prostrate的过去式和过去分词 )；（指疾病、天气等）使某人无能为力 | |
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111
shroud
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| n.裹尸布，寿衣；罩，幕；vt.覆盖，隐藏 | |
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112
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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113
paralysis
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| n.麻痹(症)；瘫痪(症) | |
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114
numbness
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| n.无感觉，麻木，惊呆 | |
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115
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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116
incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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117
vats
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| varieties 变化，多样性，种类 | |
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118
wade
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| v.跋涉，涉水；n.跋涉 | |
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119
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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120
drowsiness
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| n.睡意；嗜睡 | |
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121
impunity
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| n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
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122
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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123
subjugation
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| n.镇压，平息，征服 | |
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124
celestials
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| n.天的，天空的( celestial的名词复数 ) | |
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125
invincible
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| adj.不可征服的，难以制服的 | |
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126
sprightly
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| adj.愉快的，活泼的 | |
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127
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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128
seduced
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| 诱奸( seduce的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾引； 诱使堕落； 使入迷 | |
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129
mania
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| n.疯狂；躁狂症，狂热，癖好 | |
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130
enervated
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| adj.衰弱的，无力的v.使衰弱，使失去活力( enervate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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131
subjugated
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| v.征服，降伏( subjugate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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132
degradation
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| n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变 | |
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133
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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134
infinitely
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| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
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135
disastrous
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| adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的 | |
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136
distilled
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|
| adj.由蒸馏得来的v.蒸馏( distil的过去式和过去分词 )；从…提取精华 | |
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137
millet
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| n.小米，谷子 | |
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138
intoxication
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| n.wild excitement;drunkenness；poisoning | |
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139
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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140
gambling
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| n.赌博；投机 | |
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141
pauperism
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| n.有被救济的资格，贫困 | |
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142
usury
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| n.高利贷 | |
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143
plentiful
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| adj.富裕的，丰富的 | |
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144
impoverishes
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| v.使（某人）贫穷( impoverish的第三人称单数 )；使（某物）贫瘠或恶化 | |
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145
pint
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| n.品脱 | |
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146
delirium
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| n. 神智昏迷,说胡话;极度兴奋 | |
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147
premature
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| adj.比预期时间早的；不成熟的，仓促的 | |
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148
maudlin
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| adj.感情脆弱的，爱哭的 | |
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149
penetrating
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| adj.（声音）响亮的，尖锐的adj.（气味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏锐的，有洞察力的 | |
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150
fascination
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| n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋 | |
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151
ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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152
transcending
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| 超出或超越（经验、信念、描写能力等）的范围( transcend的现在分词 )； 优于或胜过… | |
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153
votary
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| n.崇拜者；爱好者；adj.誓约的，立誓任圣职的 | |
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154
habitual
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| adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的 | |
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155
renounce
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| v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系 | |
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156
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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157
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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158
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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159
annulled
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| v.宣告无效( annul的过去式和过去分词 )；取消；使消失；抹去 | |
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160
poultry
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| n.家禽，禽肉 | |
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161
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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162
fattened
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| v.喂肥( fatten的过去式和过去分词 )；养肥（牲畜）；使（钱）增多；使（公司）升值 | |
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163
recording
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| n.录音，记录 | |
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164
beatific
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| adj.快乐的，有福的 | |
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165
coveted
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| adj.令人垂涎的；垂涎的，梦寐以求的v.贪求，觊觎(covet的过去分词)；垂涎；贪图 | |
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166
trickling
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| n.油画底色含油太多而成泡沫状突起v.滴( trickle的现在分词 )；淌；使)慢慢走；缓慢移动 | |
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167
turrets
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| （六角）转台( turret的名词复数 )； （战舰和坦克等上的）转动炮塔； （摄影机等上的）镜头转台； （旧时攻城用的）塔车 | |
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168
fragrant
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| adj.芬香的，馥郁的，愉快的 | |
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169
bowers
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| n.（女子的）卧室( bower的名词复数 )；船首锚；阴凉处；鞠躬的人 | |
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