Whose drops, like those of rainbows, smile
Upon the mists that circle man
Brightening not only earth, the while
But grasping heaven, too, in their span.”
Lalla Rookh.
The Mahometan legend of their prophet’s ascent4 into heaven, where he received instructions for the faith and conduct of his followers5, is thus current amongst them.
As Mahomet was reclining on the sacred stone in the temple of Mecca, Gabriel came to him, and opened his breast from the breastbone to the groin, and took out his heart, and washed it in a golden basin, full of the water of Faith, and then restored it to its place. Afterwards a white beast was brought to him, less than a mule6, and larger than an ass7, called Al-Borak. It had a human face, but the cheeks of a horse, its eyes were jacinths, and radiant as stars. It had eagle’s wings, all glittering with rays of light, and its whole form was resplendent with gems8 and precious stones. Upon this Mahomet was borne. Gabriel150 proceeded with him to the first heaven of silver, and knocked at the door, after some conversation he was welcomed, and the door opened. Here Mahomet saluted9 Adam. They then proceeded to the second heaven, all of polished steel and dazzling splendour, and saluted Noah. They then entered the third heaven, studded with precious stones, and too brilliant for mortal eyes. Here was seen Azrael, the Angel of Death, writing continually in a book the names of those who are to be born, and blotting10 out those who are to die. They mounted to the fourth heaven, of the finest silver, where they saw the Angel of Tears, who was appointed to weep over the sins of men, and predict the evils that awaited them. The fifth heaven was of purest gold. Here Mahomet was received and saluted by Aaron. This heaven was inhabited by the Avenging11 Angel. He sat on a throne surrounded by flames, and before him was a heap of red hot chains. The sixth heaven was composed of a transparent12 stone, where dwelt the guardian13 angel of heaven and earth. Here Moses wept at the sight of the prophet who was to have more followers than himself. Mahomet then entered the seventh heaven of divine light, where he saw many marvellous things, which he related for the instruction of the faithful. He entered Al Mamour, the house of Adoration14, and as he entered, three vases were offered him, one containing wine, another milk, and a third honey. He drank of the milk, “Well hast thou done!” exclaimed Gabriel. “Hadst thou drunk of the wine, thy people had all gone astray.” The Prophet then returned to earth, as he had ascended15 to heaven.
The Al-Borak of modern Moslems is opium16, by means of this most miraculous17 of vehicles they mount to the heaven of heavens.
What are the true effects of opium are best151 described by an eminent18 physician, who has studied well the results produced by all such influences upon the brain. The imagination appears to be acted upon, independent of the peculiar19 torpor20, accompanied by sensations of gratification, and the absence of all communication with the external world. The senses convey no false impressions to the brain; all that is seen, heard, or felt, is faithfully delineated, but the imagination clothes each object in its own fanciful garb21. It exaggerates, it multiplies, it colours, it gives fantastic shapes; there is a new condition arising out of ordinary perception, and the reason, abandoning itself to the imagination, does not resist the delight of indulging in visions. If the eyes are closed, and nothing presented to excite the external senses, a whole train of vivid dreams are presented. A theatre is lighted up in the brain—graceful dancers perform the most captivating evolutions—music of an unearthly character floats along—poesy, whose harmonious22 numbers, and whose exciting themes, are far beyond the power of the human mind, is unceasingly poured forth23. Memory is, however, generally asleep—all the passions, affections, and motions have lost their sway. It is all an exquisite24 indolence, during which dreams spontaneously arise, brilliant, beautiful, and exhilarating. There is order, harmony, tranquillity25. If a single object has been vividly26 impressed upon the eye, it is multiplied a thousand times by the imagination—vast processions pass him in his reveries in mournful pomp.
That this is the doctrine27 of the true church on the subject of opium, we may learn from De Quincey, of which church he acknowledges himself to be the Pope, and self-appointed legate à latere to all degrees of latitude28 and longitude29.
152
“I often fell into such reveries after taking opium, and many a time it has happened to me on a summer night, when I have been seated at an open window, from which I could overlook the sea at a mile below me, and could, at the same time, command a view of some great town standing31 on a different radius32 of my circular prospect33, but at nearly the same distance—that from sunset to sunrise, all through the hours of night, I have continued motionless, as if frozen, without consciousness of myself as of an object anywise distinct from the multiform scene which I contemplated34 from above. Such a scene in all its elements was not unfrequently realised for me on the gentle eminence35 of Everton. Obliquely36 to the left, lay the many languaged town of Liverpool; obliquely to the right, the multitudinous sea. The scene itself was somewhat typical of what took place in such a reverie. The town of Liverpool represented the earth, with its sorrows and its graves left behind, yet not out of sight nor wholly forgotten. The ocean, in everlasting37 but gentle agitation38, yet brooded over by dove-like calm, might not unfitly typify the mind, and the mood which then swayed it. For it seemed to me as if then first I stood at a distance aloof39 from the uproar40 of life, as if the tumult41, the fever, and the strife42 were suspended; a respite43 were granted from the secret burdens of the heart, some sabbath of repose44, some resting from human labours. Here were the hopes which blossom in the paths of life, reconciled with the peace which is in the grave; motions of the intellect as unwearied as the heavens, yet for all anxieties a halcyon45 calm; tranquillity that seemed no product of inertia46, but as if resulting from mighty47 and equal antagonisms48, infinite activities, infinite repose.”
And now let us follow him to the Opera. “The late Duke of Norfolk used to say,153 ‘Next Monday, wind and weather permitting, I propose to be drunk;’ and, in like manner, I used to fix beforehand how often, within a given time, when, and with what accessory circumstances of festal joy, I would commit a debauch49 of opium. This was seldom more than once in three weeks, for at that time I could not have ventured to call every day (as afterwards I did) for ‘a glass of laudanum negus, warm, and without sugar.’
“No: once in three weeks sufficed; and the time selected was either a Tuesday or a Saturday night, my reason for which was this—Tuesday and Saturday were for many years the regular nights of performance at the opera house, and there in those times Grassini sang, and her voice was delightful50 to me beyond all that I had ever heard. Thrilling was the pleasure with which almost always I heard her. Shivering with expectation I sat, when the time drew near for her golden epiphany, shivering I rose from my seat, incapable51 of rest, when that heavenly and harp-like voice sang its own victorious52 welcome in its prelusive threttanelo—threttanelo. The choruses were divine to hear; and, when Grassini appeared in some interlude, as she often did, and poured forth her passionate53 soul as Andromache at the tomb of Hector, &c., I question whether any Turk, of all that ever entered the paradise of opium-eaters, can have had half the pleasure I had. But, indeed, I honour the barbarians54 too much, by supposing them capable of any pleasures approaching to the intellectual ones of an Englishman. A chorus of elaborate harmony displayed before me, as in a piece of arras work, the whole of my past life—not as if recalled by an act of memory, but as if present, and incarnated55 in the music; no longer painful to dwell upon, but the detail of its incidents removed, or blended in some hazy56 abstraction, and its passions exalted57, spiritualized, and154 sublimed58. And over and above the music of the stage and the orchestra I had all around me, in the intervals59 of the performances, the music of the Italian language talked by Italian women—for the gallery was usually crowded with Italians—and I listened with a pleasure, such as that with which Weld, the traveller, lay and listened in Canada, to the sweet laughter of Indian women; for the less you understand a language, the more sensible you are to the melody or harshness of its sounds.”
Let the reader who seeks to know of his other Saturday evenings’ experiences, wandering about in the market-places, and threading the intricate mazes60 of bye-lanes and alleys61, seek it in his “Confessions.”
An Englishman awaking one morning finds himself at Hong-Kong, in the midst of opium and opium-smokers63. He is astonished that the Chinaman loves opium as he loves nothing else; he cannot think why his vitiated taste had not settled upon something nobler, why he does not take a fancy to British Brandy? But no! he loves opium. And a Parsee takes him to see the lions, and is so civil as to convey the stranger into his warehouse64 and open two chests of opium, that he may see the drug as it passes into commerce. Of these, the first consisted of balls, which he describes as of the size of a large apple dumpling, and when cut open the mass is found to be solid. The other was full of objects which a commander in the navy ordered his men to return to the owners of a captured junk, “Ar’nt you ashamed, my lads, to loot a lot of miserable65 Dutch cheeses?” The “Dutch cheeses” were Patna opium, worth about ￡5 each. Globes of thick dark jelly enclosed in a crust not unlike the rind of a cheese. The Parsee tapped one with a fragment of an iron fastening of a chest, and drew forth about a spoonful of the drug. It was not155 the opium which engaged the traveller’s attention, it was the effect it produced upon the surrounding coolies. He had never before seen excitement in a Chinaman’s face. He had seen them tried for their lives, and condemned66 to death. He had seen them test the long-suffering patience of Mr. Tudor Davies in the Hong-Kong police court, where that gentleman was daily engaged in laborious67 endeavours to extract truth out of conflicting lies. He had seen them laugh heartily68 at a gesture at a sing-song; and he once saw a witness grin with great delight, as he unexpectedly saw his most intimate friend, a tradesman of reputed wealth, among a crowd of prisoners in the dock. But these coolies, when they saw that opium opened their horizontal, slit-shaped eyes, till they grew round and starting, their limbs, so lax and limpid69, when not in actual strain of labour, were stiff from excitement, every head was pressed forward, every hand seemed ready to clutch. There was a possibility that it would be put down upon the window-sill, near which the stranger and his Parsee friend were standing—and there could be seen the shadow of fingers ready to slide in. It was almost certain that it would be thrown aside—and there was the grand hope of an opium debauch gratis70, and this was the state of mind that hope created. And oh what raptures71, what delights, what dreams! Already, in imagination, they revelled72 in scenes such as the wakeful eye of mortal man ne’er saw, and such as never did the mind of man conceive.
Lit by downward gazing flowers,
Wildernesses76 calm and green,
Peopled by shapes too bright to see
Which walk upon the sea, and chaunt melodiously78.”
156
We cannot understand this fascination79 in which opium holds its devotee to its full extent; and yet, in some sort, the lover of tobacco, deprived of his pipe or quid, can in some sort understand it better than any other Englishman, the opiophagi excepted. Let the admirer of his weed be placed in circumstances wherein he cannot indulge in that luxury, and the inward longings80 for his cherished companion are akin30 to those of the smoker62 of opium without his drug. Some inveterate81 smokers of tobacco have been known to declare that they would rather forego their accustomed meal than their whiff; this they will sometimes profess82, but this the opium devotee often accomplishes. Instances are far from rare of opium-smokers dying of starvation, having denied their bodies the sustenance83 they required, to procure84 their much loved chandu. Martyrs85 to their love of opium.
As opium is generally indulged in by the lower classes, in establishments called Opium Shops, otherwise Papan Mera, a word or two belongs to them. In Singapore, these shops are limited by the regulations to forty-five in town and six in the country. Each has a red board, which the vendor86 ought to hang up outside his shop, with the number thereon, as received from the opium farmer. Hence the name of Papan Mera, or “red board,” and the shops are known by that name by all classes of natives. They are scattered87 in all directions over the island; and wherever a number of Chinese are congregated88, there you have one or more. The farmer is most interested in the sale of opium, and the extension of shops, and of the trade. A man goes to him generally, either previously89 known or recommended, and says he wishes to open a Papan Mera; of course, the opium farmer wishes that he may do so, and be successful, and vend157 plenty of opium, all the opium being purchased of the opium farmer, no one else being allowed to sell opium in the island, and for which privilege he contracts annually90 with the Government in a handsome sum. The man gets the red board, for which he pays two shillings. If the limited number of forty-five is completed he does not require a board, but he is not refused the privilege of opening a shop. In this case, he hangs a mat in the place of the door, by which an opium shop is known to all, while the fact is announced by a Chinese inscription91. Nothing is paid for a licence, no securities are entered into, but the new man purchases of the farmer a certain quantity of chandu, or prepared opium, and according to his facilities for selling it so is the price. If the shop is to be opened in town, where there are more customers, and if near to where Chinese artificers abound92, then he pays about eight shillings a tael (1? oz.), or at the rate of six shillings an ounce. If at a little distance, about five shillings and sixpence an ounce. Still further from town, five shillings, then four shillings and sixpence. Nay93, it even descends94 to a fraction beyond three shillings an ounce. The last is the sum paid by the Nacodah of a Chinese junk, who takes a large quantity at a time, as two-thirds of his crew are generally consumers, and the facility for illicit95 consumption is great. The proprietors96 of the Papan Mera are expected to retail97 it to their customers at a little above the price at which they have purchased it. If in town, where they pay tenpence a cheen or six shillings an ounce, then they charge elevenpence a cheen or scarcely seven shillings an ounce, to those who come to buy or use it on the premises98. The opium farmer receives nothing from the owner of the shop, except the money for his opium; the owner receives nothing from the farmer but the158 opium for his money, and sometimes a discount of eight per cent. Nor do the opium-smokers pay more at the shops for their opium than if they purchased it direct from the farmer. How, then, does the owner of the “red board” manage to live? How does he pay rent, sometimes to the extent of ￡2 or ￡3 per month? How can he keep his wife, and the little “red boards,” and one or two coolies? Ecce! He does all this on the refuse of the chandu, the Tye or Tinco, sold to the poor.
On the Tinco and Samshing, the owners of many of the opium shops almost entirely99 depend for their living. By their sale the rent is paid, the family supported, and the servants kept. If a man sells three taels, or three ounces and three-quarters of chandu a day, there will be about half that quantity of Tinco, or one ounce and three-quarters, this is the unconsumed refuse left in the pipe after smoking, and which is the property of the owner of the Papan Mera, and from the consumption of this he gets a further refuse of little more than three-quarters of an ounce, which is called Samshing. If he sells his Chandu for twenty-five shillings, by his Tinco and Samshing he will realize nearly twelve shillings and sixpence a day, and this is his income. Few, however, sell so much, and fewer still receive as much.
The “Papan Mera” is of all kinds, from a hovel to a brick house of two stories, for which ￡3 monthly is paid for rent. Generally speaking, the luxury of the pipe is all that the smoker cares for, and all other things, such as commodious100 apartments, elegant furniture, and proper ventilation are disregarded. In some houses there are apartments beside those entered from the street. The police regulations ordain101 that at nine p.m. all shall give up their pipes. But is the sound of the curfew always159 heeded102? “Sooner would the panting traveller, under a burning sun, when hours have elapsed, since his parched103 lips were moistened, dash from his mouth the goblet104 before his thirst was half quenched105, than the opium-smoker be the slave of time.” If nine o’clock comes, and he has not reached his climax106, he then retires to an inner chamber107, where, at ease and undisturbed, he may realize that enjoyment108, and consummate109 that bliss110, of which the owner of “blue coat and bright buttons” would deprive him. Thus he slips into Paradise whilst the Peri and the “peeler” remain outside disconsolate111.
Our Papan Mera man is a good man, and his wife is a good woman, so we get a peep indoors, upstairs, behind the scenes, the apartment where ladies are at home de jure, not being allowed perhaps to smoke at home de facto. Of course, the general visitor has no admittance. In the centre stands a large bed, sitting up thereon a female, her back supported with cushions. She is young, she is fair—yea, passing fair, and dressed in the habiliments of the flowery land. Near her stands a table, on which are tea and sweetmeats. She, too, is a votary112 to the drug; with dreamy eyes half closed, she draws in the inspiring vapour, then sinks back upon the cushions, unconscious that we are gazing upon her, her dark dishevelled tresses hanging over, but scarce concealing113 the heaving bosom114, the only sign of life.
Although there are supposed to be but forty-five licensed115 opium shops in Singapore town, there are upwards116 of eighty; wherever there are Chinese, there may also be found the Papan Mera. Certain trades are congregated together—you have carpenters in one street, blacksmiths in another, gold and silver smiths in a third, and so on. Amongst some trades, the habit of opium-smoking is more160 common than in others, the principal consumers will be found amongst carpenters, blacksmiths, barbers, huxsters, coolies, boatmen, gambier planters, and gardeners. Full eighty-five per cent. of the persons engaged in these callings are devoted117 to the drug. Shoemakers, tailors, and bakers118, are generally less addicted119 to the habit; amongst the two first-named, not more than twenty per cent. are smokers. Wherever you have carpenters, blacksmiths, &c., in abundance, there will you have opium shops in abundance also. In many streets there are six of these shops. In one street there are twelve. In Canton Street there are eight houses, and two of them are licensed for opium. At Hong-Kong and at Canton, the same thing occurs. Certain streets are devoted to certain trades, and certain trades devoted to opium.
M. Abbé Huc communicates a few additional facts concerning opium in China. At present this country purchases annually of the English, opium to the amount of seven millions sterling120; the traffic is contraband121, but it is carried on along the whole coast of the Empire, and especially in the neighbourhood of the five ports which have been opened to Europeans. Large fine vessels122, armed like ships of war, serve as depots123 to the English merchants, and the trade is protected, not only by the English Government, but also by the mandarins of the Chinese Empire. The law which forbids the smoking of opium under pain of death, has, indeed, never been repealed124; but everybody smokes away quite at his ease notwithstanding. Pipes, lamps, and all the apparatus125 are sold publicly in every town, and the mandarins themselves are the first to violate the law, and give this bad example to the people, even in the courts of justice. During the whole of the Abbé’s long journey through China, he met with but one tribunal161 where opium was not smoked openly and with impunity126.
The Chinese prepare and smoke their opium lying down, sometimes on one side, sometimes on the other, saying that this is the most favourable127 position; and the smokers of distinction do not give themselves all the trouble of the operation, but have their pipes prepared for them.
For several years past some of the southern provinces have been actively128 engaged in the cultivation129 of the poppy, and the fabrication of opium. The English merchants confess that the Chinese product is of excellent quality, though inferior to that of Bengal; but the English opium suffers so much adulteration before it reaches the pipe of the smoker, that it is not in reality so good as what the Chinese themselves prepare. The latter, however, though delivered perfectly130 pure, is sold at a low price, and only consumed by smokers of the lowest class. That of the English, notwithstanding its adulteration, thus writes Abbé Huc dear and reserved to smokers of distinction; a caprice which can only be accounted for from the vanity of the rich Chinese, who would think it beneath them to smoke opium of native production, and not of a ruinous price; that which comes from a long way off must evidently be preferable. It is very probable that the Chinese will soon cultivate the poppy on a large scale, and make at home all the opium necessary for their consumption. It is certain that the English cannot offer an equally good article at the same price; and, should the fashion alter, British India will suffer a great reverse in her Chinese opium trade. The Abbé makes reference to the increased consumption of opium in England, both in the liquid and solid form, the progress of which he characterises as alarming, and then concludes the subject with the following extraordinary paragraph:—162“Curious and instructive would it be, indeed, if we should one day see the English going to buy opium in the ports of China, and their ships bringing back from the Celestial131 Empire this deleterious stuff, to poison England. Well might we exclaim in such a case, ‘Leave judgment132 to God.’”
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1
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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2
draught
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| n.拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风；v.起草，设计 | |
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3
phantoms
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| n.鬼怪，幽灵( phantom的名词复数 ) | |
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4
ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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5
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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mule
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| n.骡子，杂种，执拗的人 | |
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7
ass
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| n.驴；傻瓜，蠢笨的人 | |
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8
gems
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| growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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9
saluted
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的过去式和过去分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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10
blotting
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| 吸墨水纸 | |
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11
avenging
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| adj.报仇的，复仇的v.为…复仇，报…之仇( avenge的现在分词 )；为…报复 | |
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12
transparent
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| adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的 | |
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13
guardian
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| n.监护人；守卫者，保护者 | |
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14
adoration
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| n.爱慕，崇拜 | |
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15
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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16
opium
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| n.鸦片；adj.鸦片的 | |
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17
miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
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18
eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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torpor
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| n.迟钝；麻木；（动物的）冬眠 | |
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garb
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| n.服装，装束 | |
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harmonious
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| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
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23
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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24
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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tranquillity
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| n. 平静, 安静 | |
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vividly
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| adv.清楚地，鲜明地，生动地 | |
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doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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28
latitude
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| n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区 | |
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29
longitude
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| n.经线，经度 | |
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30
akin
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| adj.同族的，类似的 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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radius
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| n.半径，半径范围；有效航程，范围，界限 | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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contemplated
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| adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式 | |
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eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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obliquely
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| adv.斜； 倾斜； 间接； 不光明正大 | |
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everlasting
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| adj.永恒的，持久的，无止境的 | |
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38
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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aloof
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| adj.远离的；冷淡的，漠不关心的 | |
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uproar
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| n.骚动，喧嚣，鼎沸 | |
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41
tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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42
strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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43
respite
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| n.休息，中止，暂缓 | |
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44
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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45
halcyon
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| n.平静的，愉快的 | |
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inertia
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| adj.惰性，惯性，懒惰，迟钝 | |
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47
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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48
antagonisms
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| 对抗，敌对( antagonism的名词复数 ) | |
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49
debauch
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| v.使堕落，放纵 | |
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50
delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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51
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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52
victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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53
passionate
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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54
barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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55
incarnated
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| v.赋予（思想、精神等）以人的形体( incarnate的过去式和过去分词 )；使人格化；体现；使具体化 | |
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56
hazy
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| adj.有薄雾的，朦胧的；不肯定的，模糊的 | |
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exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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58
sublimed
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| 伟大的( sublime的过去式和过去分词 )； 令人赞叹的； 极端的； 不顾后果的 | |
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59
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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60
mazes
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| 迷宫( maze的名词复数 )； 纷繁复杂的规则； 复杂难懂的细节； 迷宫图 | |
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61
alleys
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| 胡同，小巷( alley的名词复数 )； 小径 | |
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62
smoker
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| n.吸烟者，吸烟车厢，吸烟室 | |
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63
smokers
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| 吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 ) | |
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64
warehouse
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| n.仓库；vt.存入仓库 | |
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65
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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67
laborious
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| adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅 | |
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68
heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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limpid
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| adj.清澈的，透明的 | |
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gratis
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| adj.免费的 | |
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71
raptures
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| 极度欢喜( rapture的名词复数 ) | |
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revelled
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| v.作乐( revel的过去式和过去分词 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉 | |
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73
vaulted
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| adj.拱状的 | |
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74
bowers
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| n.（女子的）卧室( bower的名词复数 )；船首锚；阴凉处；鞠躬的人 | |
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75
watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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wildernesses
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| 荒野( wilderness的名词复数 )； 沙漠； （政治家）在野； 不再当政（或掌权） | |
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77
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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78
melodiously
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79
fascination
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| n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋 | |
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80
longings
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| 渴望，盼望( longing的名词复数 ) | |
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81
inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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82
profess
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| v.声称，冒称，以...为业，正式接受入教，表明信仰 | |
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83
sustenance
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| n.食物，粮食；生活资料；生计 | |
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84
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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85
martyrs
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| n.martyr的复数形式；烈士( martyr的名词复数 )；殉道者；殉教者；乞怜者（向人诉苦以博取同情） | |
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vendor
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| n.卖主；小贩 | |
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87
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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congregated
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| （使）集合，聚集( congregate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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89
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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annually
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| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
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91
inscription
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| n.（尤指石块上的）刻印文字，铭文，碑文 | |
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abound
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| vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于 | |
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93
nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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descends
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| v.下来( descend的第三人称单数 )；下去；下降；下斜 | |
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95
illicit
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| adj.非法的，禁止的，不正当的 | |
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96
proprietors
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| n.所有人，业主( proprietor的名词复数 ) | |
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97
retail
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| v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格 | |
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98
premises
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| n.建筑物，房屋 | |
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99
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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100
commodious
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| adj.宽敞的；使用方便的 | |
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101
ordain
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| vi.颁发命令；vt.命令，授以圣职，注定，任命 | |
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102
heeded
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| v.听某人的劝告，听从( heed的过去式和过去分词 )；变平，使（某物）变平( flatten的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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103
parched
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| adj.焦干的；极渴的；v.（使）焦干 | |
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104
goblet
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| n.高脚酒杯 | |
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105
quenched
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| 解（渴）( quench的过去式和过去分词 )； 终止（某事物）； （用水）扑灭（火焰等）； 将（热物体）放入水中急速冷却 | |
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106
climax
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| n.顶点；高潮；v.(使)达到顶点 | |
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107
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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108
enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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109
consummate
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| adj.完美的；v.成婚；使完美 [反]baffle | |
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110
bliss
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| n.狂喜，福佑，天赐的福 | |
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111
disconsolate
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| adj.忧郁的，不快的 | |
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112
votary
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| n.崇拜者；爱好者；adj.誓约的，立誓任圣职的 | |
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113
concealing
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的现在分词 ) | |
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114
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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115
licensed
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| adj.得到许可的v.许可，颁发执照(license的过去式和过去分词) | |
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116
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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117
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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118
bakers
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| n.面包师( baker的名词复数 )；面包店；面包店店主；十三 | |
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119
addicted
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| adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的 | |
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120
sterling
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| adj.英币的(纯粹的，货真价实的)；n.英国货币(英镑) | |
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121
contraband
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| n.违禁品，走私品 | |
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122
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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123
depots
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| 仓库( depot的名词复数 )； 火车站； 车库； 军需库 | |
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124
repealed
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| 撤销，废除( repeal的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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125
apparatus
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| n.装置，器械；器具，设备 | |
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126
impunity
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| n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
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127
favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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128
actively
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| adv.积极地，勤奋地 | |
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129
cultivation
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| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
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130
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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131
celestial
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| adj.天体的；天上的 | |
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132
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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