Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace
And rest can never dwell, hope never comes,
That comes to all.”——Milton.
The night side of opium2-eating and smoking must be seen, as well as the bright and sunny day, before we lavish3 upon it encomiums, such as some of its votaries4 have indulged in. There may be a paradise to which the Theriaki can rise, but there is also an abyss into which he may fall. Lord MacCartney informs us that the Javanese, under an extraordinary dose of opium, become frantic5 as well as desperate. They acquire an artificial courage; and when suffering from misfortune and disappointment, not only stab the objects of their hate, but sally forth6 to attack in like manner every person they meet, till self-preservation renders it necessary to destroy them. As they run they shout Amok, amok, which means kill, kill! and hence the phrase running a muck. The practice of running amok is hardly known at Pinang or any of the three Straits settlements. Captain Low did not recollect7 more than two instances at that place, including Province Wellesley, within a period164 of seventeen years, and the last he had heard of, which took place on shore at Singapore, was many years ago. A man ran amok—or, as the Malays term it, meng amok. He had gambled deeply, it was said, and had killed one or more individuals of his family. He next dosed himself with opium and rushed through the streets with a drawn8 kris or dagger9 in his hand, and pursued by the police. Major Farquhar, the then resident, hearing the uproar11, went out of his house, where the infuriated man, who was just about to pass it, dashed at him, and wounded him in the shoulder; but a sepoy, who was standing12 as sentry13 at the door, received the desperado on his bayonet at the same instant, and prevented a second blow.
Captain Beeckman was told of a Javanese who ran a muck in the streets of Batavia, and had killed several people, when he was met by a soldier, who ran him through with his pike. But such was the desperation of the infuriated man, that he pressed himself forward on the pike, until he got near enough to stab his adversary14 with a dagger, when both expired together.
But the worst Pandemonium15 which those who indulge in opium suffer, is that of the mind. Opium retains at all times its power of exciting the imagination, provided sufficient doses are taken; but when it has been continued so long as to bring disease upon the constitution, the pleasurable feelings wear away, and are succeeded by others of a very different kind. Instead of disposing the mind to be happy, it acts upon it like the spell of a demon16, and calls up phantoms17 of horror and disgust. The fancy, still as powerful, changes its direction. Formerly18 it clothed all objects with the light of heaven—now it invests them with the attributes of hell. Goblins, spectres, and every kind of distempered vision haunt the mind, peopling165 it with dreary19 and revolting imagery. The sleep is no longer cheered with its former sights of happiness. Frightful20 dreams usurp21 their place, till at last the person becomes the victim of an almost perpetual misery22.
The truth of all this is acknowledged by De Quincey, when writing of the pains of opium. Almost every circumstance becomes transformed into the source of terror. Visions of the past are still present in dreams, but not surrounded by a halo of pleasure any longer. The outcast Ann and the wandering Malay come back to torment24 him with their continued presence. All this is told in language so graphic25, that it would be almost criminal to attempt its description in any other. The Dream of Piranesi is cited as a type of those he now suffered:——“Many years ago, as I was looking over Piranesi’s ‘Antiquities of Rome,’ Coleridge, then standing by, described to me a set of plates from that artist, called his ‘Dreams,’ and which record the scenery of his own visions during the delirium27 of a fever. Some of these represented vast Gothic halls, on the floor of which stood mighty28 engines and machinery—wheels, cables, catapults, &c.—expressive of enormous power put forth, or resistance overcome. Creeping along the sides of the walls, you perceived a staircase; and upon this, groping his way upwards29, was Piranesi himself. Follow the stairs a little farther, and you perceive them reaching an abrupt30 termination, without any balustrade, and allowing no step onwards to him who should reach the extremity32, except into the depths below. Whatever is to become of poor Piranesi! At least, you suppose that his labours must now in some way terminate. But raise your eyes, and behold33 a second flight of stairs still higher, on which again Piranesi is perceived, by this time standing on the very brink34 of166 the abyss. Once again elevate your eye, and a still more aerial flight of stairs is descried35; and there again, is the delirious36 Piranesi, busy on his aspiring37 labours; and so on, until the unfinished stairs and the hopeless Piranesi both are lost in the upper gloom of the hall. With the same power of endless growth and self-reproduction did my architecture proceed in dreams. In the early stage of the malady38, the splendours of my dreams were, indeed, chiefly architectural, and I beheld39 such pomp of cities and palaces as never yet was beheld by the waking eye, unless in the clouds. From a great modern poet, I cite the part of a passage which describes as an appearance actually beheld in the clouds, what, in many of its circumstances, I saw frequently in sleep:——
“‘The appearance, instantaneously disclosed,
Was of a mighty city—boldly say
A wilderness40 of building, sinking far
Far sinking into splendour without end!
And blazing terrace upon terrace, high
In avenues disposed; there, towers begirt
With battlements, that on their restless fronts
Upon the dark materials of the storm
And mountain-steeps and summits, whereunto
The vapours had receded—taking there
Their station under a cerulean sky.’”
Further confessions53 describe the characteristics of some of these opiatic visions in connection with tropical lands.167 “Under the connecting feeling of tropical heat and vertical54 sunlights, I brought together all creatures—birds, beasts, reptiles56; all trees and plants, usages and appearances, that are found in all tropical regions, and assembled them together in China or Hindostan. From kindred feelings, I brought Egypt and her gods under the same law. I was stared at, hooted57 at, grinned at, chattered58 at by monkeys, by paroquets, by cockatoos. I ran into pagodas59, and was fixed60 for centuries at the summit, or in secret rooms. I was the idol—I was the priest—I was worshipped—I was sacrificed. I fled from the wrath61 of Brama through all the forests of Asia—Vishnu hated me—Seeva lay in wait for me. I came suddenly upon Isis and Osiris. I had done a deed, they said, which the ibis and the crocodile trembled at. Thousands of years I lived, and was buried in stone coffins62, with mummies and sphinxes, in narrow chambers63, at the heart of eternal pyramids. I was kissed with cancerous kisses by crocodiles, and was laid, confounded with all unutterable abortions64, amongst reeds and Nilotic mud.”
Again he says:168 “The cursed crocodile became to me the object of more horror than all the rest. I was compelled to live with him, and (as was always the case in my dreams,) for centuries. Sometimes I escaped, and found myself in Chinese houses. All the feet of the tables, sofas, &c., soon became instinct with life; the abominable65 head of the crocodile, and his leering eyes, looked out at me, multiplied into ten thousand repetitions; and I stood loathing66 and fascinated. So often did this hideous67 reptile55 haunt my dreams, that many times the very same dream was broken up in the very same way. I heard gentle voices speaking to me (I hear everything when I am sleeping), and instantly I awoke; it was broad noon, and my children were standing, hand in hand, at my bedside, come to show me their coloured shoes, or new frocks, or let me see them dressed for going out. No experience was so awful to me, and at the same time so pathetic, as this abrupt translation from the darkness of the infinite to the gaudy68 summer air of highest noon, and from the unutterable abortions of miscreated gigantic vermin, to the sight of infancy69 and innocent human creatures.”
And yet again: “Somewhere, but I knew not where—somehow, but I knew not how—by some beings, but I knew not by whom—a battle, a strife70, an agony was travelling through all its stages—was evolving itself like the catastrophe71 of some mighty drama, with which my sympathy was the more insupportable, from deepening confusion as to its local scene, its cause, its nature, and its undecipherable issue. I had the power, and yet had not the power to decide it. I had the power, if I could raise myself to will it; and yet again had not the power, for the weight of twenty Atlantics was upon me, or the oppression of inexpiable guilt72. ‘Deeper than ever plummet73 sounded,’ I lay inactive. Then, like a chorus, the passion deepened. Some greater interest was at stake—some mightier74 cause than ever yet the sword had pleaded, or trumpet75 had proclaimed. Then came sudden alarms, hurryings to and fro, trepidations of innumerable fugitives76, I knew not whether from the good cause or the bad; darkness and lights; tempest and human faces; and at last, with the sense that all was lost, female forms, and the features that were worth all the world to me; and but a moment allowed, and clasped hands, with heart-breakings, partings, and then—everlasting farewells! And with a sigh such as the caves of hell sighed when the incestuous mother uttered the abhorred77 name of Death, the sound was reverberated—everlasting farewells! And again and yet again, reverberated—everlasting farewells!
169
“And I awoke in struggles and cried aloud, ‘I will sleep no more!’”
These visions, and those of a like character, in which the Malay and the outcast girl appear and re-appear, are almost repeated again in a work of more recent years, the production of another mind and of a widely different character. Whoever has read Kingsley’s “Alton Locke,” cannot fail to have been struck with the vivid opium-like dreams which pass through the brain of the hero when struck down by fever. One could almost imagine that its author had himself suffered some of the fearful experiences which De Quincey narrates78. In these the place once occupied by the two persons above named, are usurped79 by the cousin and Lillian; change the names, and apart from the intimate connection of the two with each other, one could almost believe himself reading a continuation of those dreams which an unfortunate accident prevented the English opium-eater giving to the world.
“I was wandering along the lower ridge26 of the Himalaya. On my right the line of snow peaks showed like a rosy80 saw against the clear blue morning sky. Raspberries and cyclamens were peeping through the snow around me. As I looked down the abysses I could see far below, through the thin veils of blue mist that wandered in the glens, the silver spires of giant deodars, and huge rhododendrons, glowing like trees of flame. The longing81 of my life to behold that cradle of mankind was satisfied. My eyes revelled82 in vastness, as they swept over the broad flat jungle at the mountain foot, a desolate83 sheet of dark gigantic grasses, furrowed84 with the paths of the buffalo85 and rhinoceros86, with barren sandy water courses, desolate pools, and here and there a single tree, stunted87 with malaria88, shattered by mountain floods; and far170 beyond the vast plains of Hindostan, enlaced with myriad89 silver rivers and canals, tanks and rice fields, cities with their mosques90 and minarets91, gleaming among the stately palm-groves along the boundless92 horizon. Above me was a Hindoo temple, cut out of the yellow sandstone. I climbed up to the higher tier of pillars among monstrous93 shapes of gods and fiends, that mouthed and writhed94 and mocked at me, struggling to free themselves from their bed of rock. The bull Nundi rose and tried to gore95 me; hundred-handed gods brandished96 quoits and sabres around my head; and Kali dropped the skull97 from her gore-dripping jaws98 to clutch me for her prey100. Then my mother came, and seizing the pillars of the portico101, bent102 them like reeds; an earthquake shook the hills—great sheets of woodland slid roaring and crashing into the valleys. A tornado103 swept through the temple halls, which rocked and tossed like a vessel104 in a storm: a crash—a cloud of yellow dust which filled the air—choked me—blinded me—burned me—
“And Eleanor came by and took my soul in the palm of her hand, as the angel did Faust’s, and carried it to a cavern105 by the sea-side and dropped it in; and I fell and fell for ages. And all the velvet106 mosses107, rock flowers, and sparkling spars and ores, fell with me, round me, in showers of diamonds, whirlwinds of emerald and ruby108, and pattered into the sea that moaned below and were quenched109; and the light lessened110 above me to one small spark, and vanished; and I was in darkness, and turned again to my dust.
“Sand—sand—nothing but sand! The air was full of sand, drifting over granite111 temples, and painted kings and triumphs, and the skulls112 of a171 former world, and I was an ostrich113, flying madly before the simoon wind, and the giant sand pillars, which stalked across the plain hunting me down. And Lillian was an Amazon queen, beautiful, and cold, and cruel; and she rode upon a charmed horse, and carried behind her on her saddle, a spotted114 ounce, which was my cousin; and, when I came near her, she made him leap down and course me. And we ran for miles and for days through the interminable sand, till he sprang on me, and dragged me down. And as I lay quivering and dying, she reined115 in her horse above me, and looked down at me with beautiful pitiless eyes; and a wild Arab tore the plumes116 from my wings, and she took them and wreathed them in her golden hair. The broad and blood-red sun sank down beneath the sand, and the horse and the Amazon and the ostrich plumes shone blood-red in his lurid117 rays.
172
“I was a baby ape in Borneon forests, perched among fragrant118 trailers and fantastic orchis flowers; and as I looked down, beneath the green roof, into the clear waters, paved with unknown water-lilies on which the sun had never shone, I saw my face reflected in the pool—a melancholy119, thoughtful countenance120, with large projecting brows—it might have been a negro child’s. And I felt stirring in me, germs of a new and higher consciousness—yearnings of love towards the mother ape, who fed me, and carried me from tree to tree. But I grew and grew; and then the weight of my destiny fell upon me. I saw year by year my brow recede51, my neck enlarge, my jaw99 protrude122, my teeth became tusks—skinny wattles grew from my cheeks—the animal faculties123 in me were swallowing up the intellectual. I watched in myself, with stupid self-disgust, the fearful degradation124 which goes on from youth to age in all the monkey race, especially in those which approach nearest to the human form. Long melancholy mopings, fruitless strugglings to think, were periodically succeeded by wild frenzies125, agonies of lust31, and aimless ferocity. I flew upon my brother apes, and was driven off with wounds. I rushed howling down into the village gardens, destroying everything I met. I caught the birds and insects, and tore them to pieces with savage126 glee. One day, as I sat among the boughs128, I saw Lillian coming along a flowery path—decked as Eve might have been the day she turned from Paradise. The skins of gorgeous birds were round her waist; her hair was wreathed with fragrant tropic flowers. On her bosom129 lay a baby—it was my cousin’s. I knew her, and hated her. The madness came upon me. I longed to leap from the bough127 and tear her limb from limb; but brutal130 terror, the dread131 of man which is the doom132 of beasts, kept me rooted to my place. Then my cousin came, a hunter missionary133; and I heard him talk to her with pride of the new world of civilisation134 and Christianity, which he was organising in that tropic wilderness. I listened with a dim jealous understanding—not of the words, but of the facts. I saw them instinctively135, as in a dream. She pointed136 up to me in terror and disgust, as I sat gnashing and gibbering overhead. He threw up the muzzle137 of his rifle carelessly and fired—I fell dead, but conscious still. I knew that my carcase was carried to the settlement; and I watched while a smirking138, chuckling139, surgeon dissected140 me, bone by bone, and nerve by nerve. And as he was fingering at my heart, and discoursing141 sneeringly142 about Van Helmont’s dreams of the Arch?us, and the animal spirit which dwells within the solar plexus, Eleanor glided143 by again like an angel, and drew my soul out of the knot of nerves, with one velvet finger tip.”
173
Here are dreams which, however natural in their realisation to the opiophagi, are enough to cause a hearty144 utterance145 of those lines by Keats:——
“O dreams of day and night!
O spectres busy in a cold, cold gloom!
The “dream fugue” of the author of the “confessions” is a day dream—a splendid one—but the type of many another dream, perhaps, that had coursed through the mind of its writer while under the influence of the subtle drug. One might almost venture the assertion that none but the “opium-eater” could have conceived and written that “fugue.” But “shadows avaunt,” we have stern realities yet from the Pandemonium of opium. The mind suffers and it re-acts upon the body. Although pictures of both the mental and bodily afflictions of indulgers in opium are likely to be gazed upon with somewhat of scepticism, and justly too, in these times of prejudice and outcry against opium trading, yet the stubborn fact stares the scepticism out of countenance, in many of the details of the excesses of the victims of the insinuating148 poppy juice. Some of these facts come to us with so high an authority and are so often repeated, that the eye and ear refuse to close and be blind and deaf to the pains which succeed the pleasures of opium.
A young eagle said to a thoughtful and very studious owl23, “It is said there is a bird called Merops, which, when it rises into the air, flies with the tail first and the head looking down to the earth. Is it a fact?”
“By no means” (said the owl),174 “it is only a silly fiction of mankind. Man himself is the Merops, for he would willingly soar to heaven, without losing sight of the world for a single instant.”
Dr. Medhurst thus describes the opium-smoker149 of China:——“The outward appearances are sallowness of the complexion150, bloodless cheeks and lips, sunken eye, with a dark circle round the eyelids151, and altogether a haggard countenance. There is a peculiar152 appearance of the face of a smoker not noticed in any other condition; the skin assumes a pale waxy153 appearance, as if all the fat were removed from beneath the skin. The hollows of the countenance, the eyelids, fissure154 and corners of the lips, depression at the angle of the jaw, temples, &c., take on a peculiar dark appearance, not like that resulting from various chronic155 diseases, but as if some dark matter were deposited beneath the skin. There is also a fulness and protrusion156 of the lips, arising perhaps from the continued use of the large mouth-piece peculiar to the opium-pipe. In fine, a confirmed opium-smoker presents a most melancholy appearance, haggard, dejected, with a lack-lustre157 eye, and a slovenly158, weakly, and feeble gait.”
Mustapha Shatoor, an opium-eater of Smyrna, took daily three drachms of crude opium. The visible effects at the time were the sparkling eyes and great exhilaration of spirits. He found the desire of increasing his dose growing upon him. He seemed twenty years older than he really was—his complexion was very sallow—his legs small—his gums eaten away, and his teeth laid bare to the sockets159. He could not rise without first swallowing half a drachm of opium. This case is detailed160 in the “Philosophical Transactions,” and for its veracity161 the Philosophers are responsible.
Pouqueville says, “Always beside themselves, the Theriakis are incapable162 of work, they seem no more to belong to society. Toward the end of175 their career, they, however, experience violent pains, and are devoured163 by constant hunger, nor can their paregoric in any way relieve their sufferings; they become hideous to behold, deprived of their teeth, their eyes sunk in their heads, in a constant tremour, they cease to live long before they cease to exist.
Heu Naetse, a native Celestial164, in his address to the Sacred Emperor, the brother of the Sun and Moon, informs his imperial majesty165, that “when any one is long habituated to inhaling166 opium, it becomes necessary to resort to it at regular intervals167, and the habit of using it, being inveterate168, is destruction of time, injurious to property, and yet dear to one even as life. Of those who use it to great excess, the breath becomes feeble, the body wasted, the face sallow, and the teeth black. The individuals themselves clearly see the evil effects of it, yet cannot refrain from it. It will be found on examination that the smokers169 of opium are idle, lazy vagrants170, having no useful purpose before them.”
Dr. Ball states, “that throughout the districts of China may be seen walking skeletons—families wretched and beggared by drugged fathers and husbands—multitudes who have lost house and home dying in the streets, in the fields, on the banks of the river, without even a stranger to care for them while alive, and when dead left exposed to view till they become offensive masses.”
A Pinang surgeon says,176 “that the hospitals and poorhouses are chiefly filled with opium-smokers. In one that I had charge of, the inmates171 averaged sixty daily, five-sixths of whom were smokers of chandu. The effects of this habit on the human constitution are conspicuously172 displayed by stupor173, forgetfulness, general deterioration174 of all the mental faculties, emaciation175, debility, sallow complexion, lividness of lips and eyelids, langour and lack lustre of eye; appetite either destroyed or depraved. In the morning these creatures have a most wretched appearance, evincing no symptoms of being refreshed or invigorated by sleep, however profound. There is a remarkable176 dryness or burning in the throat, which urges them to repeat the opium-smoking. If the dose be not taken at the usual time, there is great prostration178, vertigo179, torpor180, and discharge of water from the eyes. If the privation be complete, a still more formidable train of phenomena181 takes place—coldness is felt all over the body, with aching pains in all parts, the most horrid182 feelings of wretchedness comes on, and if the poison be withheld183, death terminates the victim’s sufferings. The opium-smoker may be known by his inflamed184 eyes and haggard countenance, by his lank and shrivelled limbs, tottering185 gait, sallow visage, feeble voice, and the death boding186 glance of his eye. He seems the most forlorn creature that treads the earth.”
The Abbé Huc writes, “nothing can stop a smoker who has made much progress in this habit, incapable of attending to any kind of business, insensible to every want, the most hideous poverty; and the sight of a family plunged187 into despair and misery, cannot rouse him to the smallest exertion188, so complete is the disgusting apathy189 to which he is sunk.”
The evidence of Ho King Shan is, that “it impedes190 the regular performance of business; those in places of trust who smoke fail to attend personally even to their most important offices. Merchants who smoke fail to keep their appointments, and all their concerns fall behind hand. For the wasting of time and the destruction of business, the pipe is unrivalled.”
Oppenheim declares177 “that when the baneful191 habit has become confirmed, it is almost impossible to break it off. His torments192, when deprived of the stimulant193, are as dreadful as his bliss194 is complete when he has taken it. Night brings the torments of hell, day the bliss of paradise; and after long indulgence, he becomes subject to nervous pains, to which opium itself brings no relief. He seldom attains195 the age of forty, if he has begun the practice early.”
Also Dr. Madden:——“The debility, both moral and physical, attendant on the excitement produced by opium is terrible; the appetite is soon destroyed, every fibre in the body trembles, the nerves of the neck become affected196, and the muscles get rigid197. Several of these I have seen in this place at various times, who had wry198 necks and contracted fingers, but still they cannot abandon the custom; they are miserable199 until the hour arrives for taking their daily dose; and when its delightful200 influence begins, they are all fire and animation201.”
A native literati of Hong-Kong affirms, “that from the robust202 who smoke, flesh is gradually consumed and worn away, and their skin hangs down like bags; the faces of the weak who smoke are cadaverous and black, and their bones naked as billets of wood.”
Also Dr. Oxley of Singapore:—178—“The inordinate203 use of the drug most decidedly does bring on early decrepitude204, destructive of certain powers connected with the increase of the species, and a morbid205 state of all the secretions206. But I have seen a man who had used the drug for fifty years in moderation without evil effects, and one I recollect in Malacca who had so used it was upwards of eighty. Several in the habit of smoking assured me, that in moderation, it neither impaired207 the functions nor shortened life, at the same time they fully208 admitted the deleterious effects of too much.”
Dr. Little visited on one occasion an opium shop, and found there two women smoking the drug—one had been a smoker for ten years. “In the morning when she awakes she says, ‘I feel as one dead. I cannot do anything until the pipe is consumed. My eyelids are glazed209 so that they cannot be opened, my nose discharges profusely210. I feel a tightness in the chest, with sense of suffocation211. My bones are sore, my head aches and is giddy, and I loathe212 the very sight of food.’ Within an hour I could produce a thousand of those creatures; and if I stood at the door of an opium shop, and watched those that entered, out of the hundred would be found at least seventy-five or eighty whose appearance would not require the confession52 that their health was destroyed, and their mind weakened, since the day that they were cursed with the first taste of an opium-pipe. To finish this subject let me record my opinion, the result of extensive investigation213. That the habitual214 use of opium not only renders the life of the man miserable, but is a powerful means of shortening that life.”
To the last conclusion there are many objectors; and this subject has been canvassed215 as much as any in connection with the habit. Some years ago a trial took place in consequence of the death of the Earl of Mar177, who was an opiophagi, and the insurance society on this ground objected to pay the money to his representatives. Dr. Christison, after detailing the facts, adds, “they would certainly tend on the whole rather to show that the practice of eating opium is not so injurious, and an opium-eater’s life not so uninsurable, as is commonly thought.” The result of the above-named trial was that the money had to be paid.
Before passing from this Plutonian region, the evidence of a good authority may be taken to show179 how apt prejudice is to impute216 even worse effects to the “subtle drug” than circumstances will warrant. An opium den10 is visited; the members of this convivial217 society are good-humoured and communicative. “One was a chair-cooly, a second was a petty tradesman, a third was a runner in a mandarin218’s yanum; they were all of that class of urban population which is just above the lowest. They were, however, neither emaciated219 nor infirm. The chair-cooly was a sturdy fellow, well capable of taking his share in the porterage of a sixteen-stone mandarin; the runner seemed well able to run, and the tradesman, who said he was thirty-eight years old, was remembered by all of us to be a singularly young-looking man of his age. He had smoked opium for seven years. As we passed from the opium-dens, we went into a Chinese tea-garden—a dirty paved court, with some small trees and flowers in flower-pots—and a very emaciated and yawning proprietor220 presented himself. ‘The man has destroyed himself by opium-smoking,’ said an English clergyman who accompanied us. The man being questioned, declared that he had never smoked an opium-pipe in his life,—a bad shot, at which no one was more amused than the reverend gentleman who had fired it.
180
“I only take the experiment for what it is worth. There must be very many most lamentable221 specimens222 of the effects of indulgence in this vicious practice, although we did not happen to see any of them that morning. They are not, however, so universal, nor even so common, as travellers who write in support of some thesis, or who are not above truckling to popular prejudices in England are pleased to say they are. But if our visit was a failure in one respect, it was fully instructive in another. In the first house we visited, no man spent on an average less than 80 cash a-day on his opium-pipe. One man said he spent 120. The chair-cooly spends 80, and his average earnings121 are 100 cash a-day. English physicians, unconnected with the missionary societies, have assured me that the cooly opium-smoker dies, not from opium, but from starvation. If he starves himself for his pipe, we need not ask what happens to his family.” (Times.)
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woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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opium
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| n.鸦片；adj.鸦片的 | |
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lavish
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| adj.无节制的；浪费的；vt.慷慨地给予，挥霍 | |
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votaries
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| n.信徒( votary的名词复数 )；追随者；（天主教）修士；修女 | |
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frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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recollect
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| v.回忆，想起，记起，忆起，记得 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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dagger
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| n.匕首，短剑，剑号 | |
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den
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| n.兽穴；秘密地方；安静的小房间，私室 | |
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uproar
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| n.骚动，喧嚣，鼎沸 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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sentry
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| n.哨兵，警卫 | |
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adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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pandemonium
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| n.喧嚣，大混乱 | |
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demon
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| n.魔鬼，恶魔 | |
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17
phantoms
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| n.鬼怪，幽灵( phantom的名词复数 ) | |
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18
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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19
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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20
frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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21
usurp
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| vt.篡夺，霸占；vi.篡位 | |
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22
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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23
owl
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| n.猫头鹰，枭 | |
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24
torment
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| n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)；vt.折磨；纠缠 | |
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25
graphic
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| adj.生动的，形象的，绘画的，文字的，图表的 | |
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26
ridge
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| n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭 | |
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27
delirium
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| n. 神智昏迷,说胡话;极度兴奋 | |
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28
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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29
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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30
abrupt
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| adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的 | |
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31
lust
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|
| n.性(淫)欲；渴(欲)望；vi.对…有强烈的欲望 | |
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32
extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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33
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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34
brink
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| n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿 | |
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35
descried
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|
| adj.被注意到的，被发现的，被看到的 | |
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36
delirious
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|
| adj.不省人事的，神智昏迷的 | |
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37
aspiring
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|
| adj.有志气的；有抱负的；高耸的v.渴望；追求 | |
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38
malady
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|
| n.病，疾病(通常做比喻) | |
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39
beheld
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|
| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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40
wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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41
wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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42
fabric
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| n.织物，织品，布；构造，结构，组织 | |
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43
alabaster
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| adj.雪白的；n.雪花石膏；条纹大理石 | |
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44
domes
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|
| n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 )；像圆屋顶一样的东西；圆顶体育场 | |
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45
spires
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| n.（教堂的） 塔尖，尖顶( spire的名词复数 ) | |
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46
serene
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|
| adj. 安详的，宁静的，平静的 | |
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47
gems
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| growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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48
wrought
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|
| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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49
pacified
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| 使（某人）安静( pacify的过去式和过去分词 )； 息怒； 抚慰； 在（有战争的地区、国家等）实现和平 | |
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50
coves
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|
| n.小海湾( cove的名词复数 )；家伙 | |
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51
recede
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| vi.退(去)，渐渐远去；向后倾斜，缩进 | |
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52
confession
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| n.自白，供认，承认 | |
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53
confessions
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|
| n.承认( confession的名词复数 )；自首；声明；（向神父的）忏悔 | |
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54
vertical
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| adj.垂直的，顶点的，纵向的；n.垂直物，垂直的位置 | |
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55
reptile
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| n.爬行动物；两栖动物 | |
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56
reptiles
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|
| n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 ) | |
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57
hooted
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| （使）作汽笛声响，作汽车喇叭声( hoot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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58
chattered
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|
| （人）喋喋不休( chatter的过去式 )； 唠叨； （牙齿）打战； （机器）震颤 | |
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59
pagodas
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| 塔，宝塔( pagoda的名词复数 ) | |
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60
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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61
wrath
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|
| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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62
coffins
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| n.棺材( coffin的名词复数 )；使某人早亡[死，完蛋，垮台等]之物 | |
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63
chambers
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|
| n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅 | |
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64
abortions
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|
| n.小产( abortion的名词复数 )；小产胎儿；（计划）等中止或夭折；败育 | |
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65
abominable
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|
| adj.可厌的，令人憎恶的 | |
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66
loathing
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|
| n.厌恶，憎恨v.憎恨，厌恶( loathe的现在分词)；极不喜欢 | |
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67
hideous
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|
| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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68
gaudy
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| adj.华而不实的；俗丽的 | |
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69
infancy
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| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
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70
strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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71
catastrophe
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| n.大灾难，大祸 | |
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72
guilt
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| n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责 | |
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73
plummet
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| vi.(价格、水平等)骤然下跌；n.铅坠；重压物 | |
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74
mightier
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| adj. 强有力的，强大的，巨大的 adv. 很，极其 | |
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75
trumpet
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|
| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
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76
fugitives
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| n.亡命者，逃命者( fugitive的名词复数 ) | |
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77
abhorred
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| v.憎恶( abhor的过去式和过去分词 )；（厌恶地）回避；拒绝；淘汰 | |
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78
narrates
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|
| v.故事( narrate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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79
usurped
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|
| 篡夺，霸占( usurp的过去式和过去分词 )； 盗用； 篡夺，篡权 | |
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80
rosy
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|
| adj.美好的，乐观的，玫瑰色的 | |
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81
longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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82
revelled
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| v.作乐( revel的过去式和过去分词 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉 | |
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83
desolate
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|
| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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84
furrowed
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|
| v.犁田，开沟( furrow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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85
buffalo
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| n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛 | |
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86
rhinoceros
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| n.犀牛 | |
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87
stunted
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|
| adj.矮小的；发育迟缓的 | |
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88
malaria
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| n.疟疾 | |
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89
myriad
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| adj.无数的；n.无数，极大数量 | |
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90
mosques
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| 清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 ) | |
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91
minarets
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|
| n.（清真寺旁由报告祈祷时刻的人使用的）光塔( minaret的名词复数 ) | |
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92
boundless
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|
| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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93
monstrous
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|
| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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94
writhed
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| （因极度痛苦而）扭动或翻滚( writhe的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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95
gore
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|
| n.凝血，血污；v.（动物）用角撞伤，用牙刺破；缝以补裆；顶 | |
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96
brandished
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| v.挥舞( brandish的过去式和过去分词 )；炫耀 | |
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97
skull
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|
| n.头骨；颅骨 | |
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98
jaws
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|
| n.口部；嘴 | |
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99
jaw
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|
| n.颚，颌，说教，流言蜚语；v.喋喋不休，教训 | |
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100
prey
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|
| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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101
portico
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| n.柱廊，门廊 | |
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102
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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103
tornado
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| n.飓风，龙卷风 | |
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104
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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105
cavern
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| n.洞穴，大山洞 | |
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106
velvet
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|
| n.丝绒，天鹅绒；adj.丝绒制的，柔软的 | |
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107
mosses
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| n. 藓类, 苔藓植物 名词moss的复数形式 | |
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108
ruby
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| n.红宝石，红宝石色 | |
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109
quenched
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| 解（渴）( quench的过去式和过去分词 )； 终止（某事物）； （用水）扑灭（火焰等）； 将（热物体）放入水中急速冷却 | |
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110
lessened
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| 减少的，减弱的 | |
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111
granite
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|
| adj.花岗岩，花岗石 | |
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112
skulls
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| 颅骨( skull的名词复数 )； 脑袋； 脑子； 脑瓜 | |
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113
ostrich
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| n.鸵鸟 | |
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114
spotted
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| adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的 | |
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115
reined
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| 勒缰绳使（马）停步( rein的过去式和过去分词 )； 驾驭； 严格控制； 加强管理 | |
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116
plumes
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| 羽毛( plume的名词复数 )； 羽毛饰； 羽毛状物； 升上空中的羽状物 | |
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117
lurid
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| adj.可怕的；血红的；苍白的 | |
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118
fragrant
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| adj.芬香的，馥郁的，愉快的 | |
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119
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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120
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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121
earnings
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| n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得 | |
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122
protrude
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| v.使突出，伸出，突出 | |
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123
faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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124
degradation
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| n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变 | |
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125
frenzies
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| 狂乱( frenzy的名词复数 )； 极度的激动 | |
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126
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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127
bough
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| n.大树枝，主枝 | |
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128
boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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129
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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130
brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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131
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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132
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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133
missionary
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| adj.教会的，传教(士)的；n.传教士 | |
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134
civilisation
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| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
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135
instinctively
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| adv.本能地 | |
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136
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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137
muzzle
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| n.鼻口部；口套；枪(炮)口；vt.使缄默 | |
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138
smirking
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| v.傻笑( smirk的现在分词 ) | |
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139
chuckling
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| 轻声地笑( chuckle的现在分词 ) | |
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140
dissected
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|
| adj.切开的，分割的，（叶子）多裂的v.解剖（动物等）( dissect的过去式和过去分词 )；仔细分析或研究 | |
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141
discoursing
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| 演说（discourse的现在分词形式） | |
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sneeringly
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| 嘲笑地，轻蔑地 | |
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143
glided
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| v.滑动( glide的过去式和过去分词 )；掠过；（鸟或飞机 ） 滑翔 | |
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144
hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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145
utterance
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| n.用言语表达，话语，言语 | |
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146
effigies
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| n.（人的）雕像，模拟像，肖像( effigy的名词复数 ) | |
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147
lank
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| adj.瘦削的；稀疏的 | |
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148
insinuating
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| adj.曲意巴结的，暗示的v.暗示( insinuate的现在分词 )；巧妙或迂回地潜入；（使）缓慢进入；慢慢伸入 | |
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149
smoker
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| n.吸烟者，吸烟车厢，吸烟室 | |
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150
complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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151
eyelids
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| n.眼睑( eyelid的名词复数 )；眼睛也不眨一下；不露声色；面不改色 | |
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152
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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153
waxy
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| adj.苍白的；光滑的 | |
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154
fissure
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| n.裂缝；裂伤 | |
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155
chronic
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| adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的 | |
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156
protrusion
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| n.伸出，突出 | |
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157
lustre
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| n.光亮，光泽；荣誉 | |
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158
slovenly
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| adj.懒散的，不整齐的，邋遢的 | |
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159
sockets
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| n.套接字，使应用程序能够读写与收发通讯协定(protocol)与资料的程序( Socket的名词复数 )；孔( socket的名词复数 )；（电器上的）插口；托座；凹穴 | |
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160
detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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161
veracity
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| n.诚实 | |
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162
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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163
devoured
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| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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164
celestial
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| adj.天体的；天上的 | |
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165
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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166
inhaling
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| v.吸入( inhale的现在分词 ) | |
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167
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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168
inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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169
smokers
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| 吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 ) | |
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170
vagrants
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| 流浪者( vagrant的名词复数 )； 无业游民； 乞丐； 无赖 | |
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171
inmates
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| n.囚犯( inmate的名词复数 ) | |
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172
conspicuously
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| ad.明显地，惹人注目地 | |
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173
stupor
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| v.昏迷；不省人事 | |
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174
deterioration
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| n.退化；恶化；变坏 | |
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175
emaciation
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| n.消瘦，憔悴，衰弱 | |
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176
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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177
mar
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| vt.破坏，毁坏，弄糟 | |
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178
prostration
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| n. 平伏, 跪倒, 疲劳 | |
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179
vertigo
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| n.眩晕 | |
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180
torpor
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| n.迟钝；麻木；（动物的）冬眠 | |
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181
phenomena
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| n.现象 | |
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182
horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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183
withheld
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| withhold过去式及过去分词 | |
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184
inflamed
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| adj.发炎的，红肿的v.（使）变红，发怒，过热( inflame的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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185
tottering
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| adj.蹒跚的，动摇的v.走得或动得不稳( totter的现在分词 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠 | |
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186
boding
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| adj.凶兆的，先兆的n.凶兆，前兆，预感v.预示，预告，预言( bode的现在分词 )；等待，停留( bide的过去分词 )；居住；（过去式用bided）等待 | |
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187
plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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188
exertion
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| n.尽力，努力 | |
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189
apathy
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| n.漠不关心，无动于衷；冷淡 | |
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190
impedes
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| 阻碍，妨碍，阻止( impede的第三人称单数 ) | |
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191
baneful
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| adj.有害的 | |
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192
torments
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| （肉体或精神上的）折磨，痛苦( torment的名词复数 )； 造成痛苦的事物[人] | |
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193
stimulant
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| n.刺激物，兴奋剂 | |
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194
bliss
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| n.狂喜，福佑，天赐的福 | |
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195
attains
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的第三人称单数 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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196
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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197
rigid
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| adj.严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的 | |
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198
wry
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| adj.讽刺的；扭曲的 | |
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199
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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200
delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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201
animation
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| n.活泼，兴奋，卡通片／动画片的制作 | |
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202
robust
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| adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的 | |
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203
inordinate
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| adj.无节制的；过度的 | |
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204
decrepitude
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| n.衰老；破旧 | |
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205
morbid
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| adj.病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的 | |
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206
secretions
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| n.分泌（物）( secretion的名词复数 ) | |
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207
impaired
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| adj.受损的；出毛病的；有（身体或智力）缺陷的v.损害，削弱( impair的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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208
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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209
glazed
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| adj.光滑的，像玻璃的；上过釉的；呆滞无神的v.装玻璃( glaze的过去式)；上釉于，上光；（目光）变得呆滞无神 | |
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210
profusely
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| ad.abundantly | |
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211
suffocation
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| n.窒息 | |
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212
loathe
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| v.厌恶，嫌恶 | |
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213
investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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214
habitual
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| adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的 | |
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215
canvassed
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| v.（在政治方面）游说( canvass的过去式和过去分词 )；调查（如选举前选民的）意见；为讨论而提出（意见等）；详细检查 | |
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216
impute
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| v.归咎于 | |
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217
convivial
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| adj.狂欢的，欢乐的 | |
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218
Mandarin
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| n.中国官话，国语，满清官吏；adj.华丽辞藻的 | |
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219
emaciated
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| adj.衰弱的，消瘦的 | |
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220
proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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221
lamentable
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| adj.令人惋惜的，悔恨的 | |
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222
specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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