THE RHINE MUTINY HAD BROKEN OUT IN SYMPATHY WITH a mutiny among the Balkan forces. The soldiers* disappointment with their bequests1 under Augustus's will-a mere2 four months' bounty3 of pay, three gold pieces a man -aggravated certain long-standing4 grievances5; and they reckoned that the insecurity of Tiberius's position would force him to meet any reasonable demands they made, in order to win their favour. These demands included a rise in pay, service limited to sixteen years, and a relaxation6 of camp discipline. The pay was certainly insufficient7: the .soldiers had to arm and equip themselves out of it and prices had risen. And certainly the exhaustion8 of military reserves had kept thousands of soldiers with the Colours who should have been discharged years before, and veterans had been recalled to the Colours who were quite unfit for service. And, certainly too, the detachments formed from recently liberated9 slaves were such poor fighting material that Tiberius had considered it necessary to tighten10 up discipline, choosing martinets for his captains, and giving them instructions to keep the men constantly employed on fatigue11 duty and to keep the vine-branch saplings-their badges of rank-constantly employed on the men's backs.
When the news of Augustus's death reached the Balkan forces, three regiments12 were together in a summer camp, and the General gave them a few days' holiday from parades and fatigues13. This experience of ease and idleness unsettled them and they refused to obey their captains when called out on parade again. They formulated14 certain demands. The General told them that he had no authority to grant these demands and warned them of the danger of a mutinous15 attitude. They offered him no violence but refused to be awed16 into obedience17 and finally obliged him to send his son to Rome to convey their demands to Tiberius. After the son had left the camp on this mission the disorder18 increased. The less-disciplined men began plundering19 the camp and the neighbouring villages, and when the General arrested the ringleaders, the rest broke open the guardroom and released them, finally murdering a captain who tried to oppose them. This captain was nicknamed "Old Give-me-Another" because after breaking one sapling over a man's back he would call for a second and a third. When the General's son arrived at Rome, Tiberius sent Castor to the General's support at the head of two battalions21 of Guards, a squadron of Guards cavalry22 and most of the Household Battalion20, who were Germans; a staff-officer called Sejanus, the son of the Commander of the Guards and one of Tiberius's few intimates, went with Castor as his lieutenant23. Of this Sejanus I shall later have more to write. Castor on arrival addressed the mob of soldiers in a dignified24 and fearless way and read them a letter from his father, promising25 to take care of the invincible26 regiments with whom he had shared the hardships of so many wars, and to negotiate with the Senate about their demands as soon as he had recovered from his grief for Augustus's death. Meanwhile, he wrote, his son had come to them to make whatever immediate27 concessions28 might be practicable -the rest must be reserved for the Senate.
The mutineers made one of their captains act as their spokesman and present their demands, for no soldier would risk doing so for fear of being singled out later as a ringleader. Castor said that he was very sorry, but that the sixteen-year limit of service, the discharge of veterans and the increase of pay to a full silver-piece a day were demands which he had no authority to grant. Only his father and the Senate could make such concessions.
This put the men into an ugly temper. They asked why in Hell's name had he come then if he had no power to do anything for them. His father Tiberius, they said, used always to play the same trick on them when they presented their grievances: he used to shelter behind Augustus and the Senate. What was the Senate, anyhow? A pack of rich good-for-nothing lazy-bones, most of whom would die of fear if they ever caught sight of an enemy shield O I saw a sword drawn31 in anger! They began throwing stones at Castor's staff and the situation became dangerous. But it was saved that night by a fortunate chance. The moon was eclipsed, which affected32 the army-all soldiers are superstitious-in a surprising way. They took the eclipse for a sign that Heaven was angry with them for their murder of Old Give-me-Another and for their defiance33 of authority. There were a number of secret loyalists among the mutineers and one of these came to Castor suggesting that he should get hold of others like himself and send them around the tents in parties of two or three to try to bring the disaffected34 men to their senses. This was done. By morning there was a very different atmosphere in the camp and Castor, though he consented to send the General's son again to Tiberius with the same demands endorsed35 by himself, arrested the two men who appeared to have started the mutiny and publicly executed them. The rest made no protest and even voluntarily handed over the Eve murderers of the captain as a proof of their own fidelity36. But there was still a firm refusal to attend parades, or do anything but the most necessary fatigues until an answer came
from Rome. The weather broke and incessant37 rain flooded the camp and made it impossible for the men to keep communication between tent and tent. This was taken as a fresh warning from Heaven, and before the messenger had time to return the mutiny was at an end, the regiments marching obediently back to winter-quarters under their officers.
But the mutiny on the Rhine was a far more serious affair. Roman Germany was now bounded on the East by the Rhine and divided into two provinces, the Upper and the Lower. The capital of the Upper Province, which extended up into Switzerland, was Mainz and that of the Lower, which reached North to the Scheldt and Sambre, was Cologne. An army of tour regiments manned each of the provinces and Germanicus was Commander-in-Chief. Disorders38 broke out in a summer camp of the Lower Army. The grievances were the same here as in the Balkan army but the conduct of the mutineers was more violent because of the greater proportion of newly-recruited City freedmen in the ranks. These freedmen were still slaves by nature and accustomed to a far more idle and luxurious39 life than the free-born citizens, mostly poor peasants, who formed the backbone40 of the army. They made thoroughly41 bad soldiers and their badness went unchecked by any regimental esprit-de-corps. For these were not the regiments which had been under the command of Germanicus in the recent campaign, they were Tiberius's men.
The General lost his head and was unable to check the insolence42 of the mutineers who came crowding round him with complaints and threats. His nervousness encouraged them to fall on their most hated captains, about twenty of whom they beat to death with their own vine-saplings, throwing the bodies into the Rhine. The remainder they leered at and insulted and drove from the camp. Cassius Chaarea was the only senior officer who made any attempt to oppose this monstrous43 and unheard-of behaviour. He was set upon by a large party but instead of running away or begging for mercy rushed straight into the thick of them with his sword drawn, stabbing right and left, and broke through to the sacred tribunal-platform where he knew that no soldier would dare to touch him.
Gennanicus had no battalions of Guards to support him but rode at once to the mutinous camp with only a small staff behind him. He did not yet know of the massacre44. The men surged about him in a mob, as they had done about their General, but Gennanicus calmly refused to say anything to them, until they had formed up decently in companies and battalions under their proper banners so that he should know whom he was addressing. It seemed a small concession29 to authority, and they wanted to hear what he had to tell them. Once they were back in military formation a certain sense of discipline returned, and though by the murder of their officers they had put themselves beyond hope of his trust or forgiveness, their hearts suddenly went out to him as a brave and humane45 and honourable46 man. One old veteran-there were many there who had been serving in Germany twenty-five and thirty years before this-called out: "How like he is to his father!" And another; "He's got to be cursed good to be as cursed good as him." Gennanicus began in a voice of ordinary conversational47 pitch, to command more attention. He first spoke30 of the death of Augustus and the great grief it had inspired but assured them that Augustus had left behind him an indestructible work and a successor capable of carrying on the government and commanding the armies in the way that he himself would have wished. "Of my father's glorious victories in Germany you are not unaware48. Many of you have shared in them."
"Never was there a better general or a better man," shouted a veteran. "Hurrah49 for Gennanicus, father and son!"
It is a comment on my brother's extreme simplicity50 that he did not realize the effect his words were having. By his father he meant Tiberius (who also was often styled Germanicus), but the veterans thought he meant he real father; and by Augustus's successor "he meant Tiberius again, but the veterans thought that he meant himself. Unaware of these cross-purposes he went on to speak of the harmony that prevailed in Italy and of the fidelity of the French, from whose territory he had just come, and said that he could not understand the sudden feeling of pessimism52 that had overcome them. What ailed51 them? What had they done with their captains and their colonels and their generals? Why weren't these officers on parade? Had they really been expelled from the camp, as he had heard?
"A few of us are still alive and about, Caesar," someone said, and Cassius came limping through the ranks and saluted53 Gennanicus. "Not many! They pulled me off the tribunal and have kept me tied up in the guardroom without food for the last tour days. An old soldier has just been good enough to release me."
"You, Cassius! They did that to you! The man who brought back the eighty from the Teutoburger Forest? The man who saved the Rhine bridge?"
"Well, at least they spared my life," said Cassius.
Gennanicus asked with horror in his voice: "Men, is this true?"
"They brought it on themselves," someone shouted, and then a fearful hubbub54 arose. Men stripped themselves to the skin to show the clean silver scars of honourable wounds on their breasts and the ragged55 and discoloured marks of flogging on their backs. One decrepit56 old man broke from the ranks, and running forward pulled his mouth open with his fingers to show his bare gums. Then he shouted, "I can't eat hard tack57 without teeth. General, and I can't march and fight on slops. I served under your father in his first campaign in the Alps and I'd done six years' service even then. I've two grandsons serving in the same company as myself. Give me my discharge. General. I dandled you on my knees when you were a baby! And look. General, I've got a rupture58 and they expect me to march twenty miles with a hundred pounds' weight on my back."
"Back to the ranks, Pomponius," ordered Gennanicus, who recognized the old man and was shocked to find him still under arms. "You forget yourself. I'll look into your case later. For Heaven's sake show a good example to the young soldiers!"
Pomponius saluted and returned to the ranks. Germanicus held up his hand for silence, but the men went on shouting about their pay and the unnecessary fatigues put on them so that they hardly had a moment to themselves from reveille to lights out, and that the only discharge a man got from the Army now was to drop dead from old age. Germanicus made no attempt to speak until he had complete quiet again. Then he said: "In the name of my father Tiberius I promise you justice. He has your welfare at heart as deeply as I have and whatever can be done for you without danger to the Empire, he will do. I'll answer for that."
"Oh, to hell with Tiberius!" someone shouted, and the cry was picked up on all sides with groans59 and catcalls. And then suddenly they all began to shout: "Up, Germanicus! You're the Emperor for us. Chuck Tiberius into the Tiber! Up, Germanicus! Germanicus for Emperor! To hell with Tiberius! To hell with that bitch Uvia! Up, Germanicus! March on Rome! We're your men! Up, Germanicus, son of Gennanicus! Germanicus for Emperor!"
Germanicus was thunderstruck. He shouted: "You're mad, men, to talk like that. What do you think I am? A traitor60?"
A veteran shouted: '"None of that. General! You said just now that you'd take on Augustus's job. Don't back out!"
Germanicus then realized his mistake, and when the cheers of "Up, Germanicus" continued he jumped off the tribunal and hurried to where his horse was standing tied to a post, intending to mount and gallop61 wildly away from this accursed camp. But the men drew their swords and barred his way.
Germanicus, beside himself, cried: "Let me pass, or by God, I'll kill myself."
"You're the Emperor for us," they answered. Germanicus drew his sword, but someone caught his arm. It was clear to any decent man that Germanicus was in earnest, but a good many of the ex-slaves thought that he was just making a hypocritical gesture of modesty62 and virtue63. One of them laughed and called out; "Here, take my sword. It's sharper!" Old Pomponius, who was standing next to this fellow, flared64 up and struck him on the mouth. Germanicus was hurried away by his friends to the General's tent. The General was lying in bed half-dead with dismay, hiding his head under a coverlet. It was a long time before he could get up and pay his respects to Germanicus. His life and that of his staff had been saved by his bodyguard65, mercenaries from the Swiss border.
A hurried council was held. Cassius told Germanicus that from a conversation which he had overheard while lying in the guardroom the mutineers were about to send a deputation to the regiments in the Upper Province, to secure their co-operation in a general military revolt. There was talk of leaving the Rhine unguarded and marching into France, sacking cities, carrying off the women and setting up an independent military kingdom in the South-West, protected in the rear by the Pyrenees. Rome would be paralysed by this move and they would remain undisturbed long enough to be able to make their kingdom impregnable.
Germanicus decided66 to go at once to the Upper Province and make the regiments there swear allegiance to Tiberius. These were the troops who had recently served directly under his command and he believed that they would remain loyal if he reached them before the deputation of mutineers. They had the same grievances about pay and service, he was aware, but their captains were a better set of men, chosen by himself for their patience and soldierly qualities rather than for their reputation. But first something had to be done to quiet the mutinous regiments here. There was only one course to take. He committed the first and only crime of his life: he forged a letter purporting67 to come from Tiberius and had it delivered to him at his tent door the next morning. The courier had been secretly sent out at night with instructions to steal a horse from the horse-lines, ride twenty miles South-West and then gallop back at top speed by another route.
The letter was to the effect that Tiberius had heard that the regiments in Germany had voiced certain legitimate68 grievances, and was anxious to remove them at once. He would see that Augustus's legacy69 was promptly70 paid to them and as a mark of his confidence in their loyalty71 would double it from his own purse. He would negotiate with the Senate about the rise in pay. He would give an immediate and unqualified discharge to all men of twenty years' service and a qualified72 discharge to all who had completed sixteen years-these would be called on for no military duty whatsoever73 except garrison74 duty.
Gennanicus was not as clever a liar75 as his uncle Tiberius or his grandmother Livia or his sister Livilla. The courier's horse was recognized by its owner and so was the courier, one of Gennanicus's own grooms76. Word went round that the letter was a forgery77. But the veterans were in favour of treating it as authentic78 and asking for the promised discharge and the legacy at once. They did so, and Gennanicus replied that the Emperor was a man of his word and that the discharges could be granted that very day. But he asked them to have patience about the legacy, which could only be paid in full when they marched back to winter quarters. There was not sufficient coin in the camp, he said, for every man to have his six gold pieces, but he would see that the General would hand over as much as there was. This quieted them, though opinion had somewhat turned against Gennanicus as not being the man they had taken him to be: he was afraid of Tiberius, they said, and not above committing forgery. They sent parties out to look for their captains and undertook to obey orders from their General again. Gennanicus had told the General that he would have him impeached79 before the Senate for cowardice80 if he did not immediately take himself in hand.
So having seen that the discharges were made in due form and all the available money distributed, Gennanicus rode off to the Upper Province. He found the regiments standing-by waiting for news of what was happening in the Lower Province; but not yet in open mutiny, for Silius, their general, was a strong-minded man. Gennanicus read them the same forged letter and made them swear allegiance to Tiberius; which they did at once.
There was great emotion at Rome when news arrived of the Rhine mutiny. Tiberius, who had been strongly criticized for sending Castor out to the Balkan mutiny-which had not yet been put down-instead of going there himself, was now booed in the streets and asked why it was that the troops who mutinied were the ones whom he had personally commanded, while the others remained loyal. (For the regiments that Gennanicus had commanded in Dalmatia had not mutinied either.) He was called on to go to Germany at once and do his own dirty work on the Rhine instead of leaving it to Gennanicus. He therefore told the Senate that he would go to Germany, and began slowly to make preparations, choosing his staff and fitting out a small fleet. But by the time he was ready the approach of winter made navigation dangerous and the news from Germany was more hopeful. So he did not go. He had not intended to go.
Meanwhile, I had had a hasty letter from Gennanicus, begging me to raise two hundred thousand gold pieces at once from his estate, but with the greatest secrecy82: they were needed for the safety of Rome. He said no more but sent me a signed warrant which enabled me to act for him. I went to his chief-steward, who said that he could only raise half that amount without selling property, and that to sell property would make talk, which was what Gennanicus evidently wanted to avoid. So I had to find the rest myself
-fifty thousand from my strong-box, which left me with only ten thousand after I had paid my initiation83 fee to the new priesthood-and another fifty thousand from the sale of some City property which had been left me by my father-luckily I had already had an offer for it-and such of my slaves as I could spare, but only men and women whom I considered not particularly devoted84 to my service. I sent the money out within two days of getting the letter asking for it. My mother was extremely angry when she heard that the property had been sold, but I was pledged not to tell her why the money was needed, so I said that I had been playing dice81 for too high stakes lately and in trying to recoup my heavy losses had lost twice as much again. She believed me, and "gambler" was another stick to beat me with. But the thought that I had not failed Gennanicus or Rome was ample compensation for her taunts85.
I was gambling86 a good deal at this time, I must say, but never either lost or gained much. I used to play as a relaxation from my work. After finishing my history of Augustus's religious reforms I wrote a short humorous book about Dice, dedicated87 to the divinity of Augustus; which was to tease my mother. I quoted a letter that Augustus, who had been very fond of dice, had once written to my father: in which he said how much he had enjoyed their game on the previous night, for my father was the best loser he had ever met. My father, he wrote, always made a great laughing outcry against fate whenever he threw the Dog, but if-a fellow-gambler threw Venus he seemed as pleased as if he had thrown her himself. "It is, indeed, a pleasure to win from you, my dear fellow, and to say this is the highest praise I can bestow88 on a man, for usually I hate winning because of the insight it gives me into the hearts of my supposedly mast devoted friends. All but the very best grudge89 losing to me, because I am the Emperor and, they think, of infinite wealth, and obviously the Gods should not give more to a man who already has too much. It is my policy therefore-perhaps you have noticed it-always to make a mistake in the reckoning after a round of throws. Either I claim less than I have won, as if by mistake, or I pay more than I owe, and hardly anyone but yourself, I find, is honest enough to put me right." (I should have liked to quote a further passage in which there was a reference to Tiberius's bad sportsmanship, but of course I could not.)
In this book I began with a mock-serious enquiry into the antiquity90 of dice, quoting a number of non-existent authors, and describing various fanciful ways of shaking the dice-cup. But the main subject was, naturally, that of winning and losing and the title was How To Win At Dice. Augustus had written in another letter that the more he tried to lose, the more he seemed to win, and even by cheating himself in the reckoning it was seldom that he rose from the table poorer than he sat down. I quoted an opposite statement attributed by Pollio to my grandfather Antony to the effect that the more he tried to win a diceplay the more he seemed to lose. Putting these statements together I deduced that the fundamental law of dice was that the Gods, unless they had a grudge against him on another score, always let the man win who cared least about winning. The only way to win at dice therefore was to cultivate a genuine desire to lose. Written in a heavy style, parodying92 that of my bugbear Cato, it was, I flatter myself, a very funny book, the argument being so perfectly93 paradoxical. I quoted the old proverb which promises a man a thousand gold pieces every time he meets a stranger riding on a piebald mule94, but only on condition that he does not think of the mule's tan until he gets the money. I had hoped that this squib would please people who found my histories indigestible. It did not. It was not read as a humorous work at all. I should have realized that old-fashioned readers who had been brought up on the works of Cato were hardly the sort to enjoy a parody91 of their hero and that the younger generation, who had not been brought up on Cato, would not recognize it as a parody. The book was therefore dismissed as a fantastically dull and stupid production written in painful seriousness and proving my rumoured95 mental incapacity beyond further dispute.
But this has been a very ill-judged digression, leaving Germanicus, as it were, waiting anxiously for his money while I write a book about dice. Old Athenodorus would criticize me pretty severely96, I think, if he were alive now.
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bequests
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| n.遗赠( bequest的名词复数 )；遗产，遗赠物 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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bounty
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| n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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grievances
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| n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 )；苦衷；不满；牢骚 | |
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relaxation
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| n.松弛，放松；休息；消遣；娱乐 | |
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insufficient
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| adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的 | |
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exhaustion
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| n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述 | |
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liberated
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| a.无拘束的，放纵的 | |
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tighten
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| v.(使)变紧；(使)绷紧 | |
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fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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regiments
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| （军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物 | |
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fatigues
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| n.疲劳( fatigue的名词复数 )；杂役；厌倦；（士兵穿的）工作服 | |
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formulated
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| v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示 | |
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mutinous
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| adj.叛变的，反抗的；adv.反抗地，叛变地；n.反抗，叛变 | |
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awed
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| adj.充满敬畏的，表示敬畏的v.使敬畏，使惊惧( awe的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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disorder
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| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
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plundering
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| 掠夺，抢劫( plunder的现在分词 ) | |
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battalion
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| n.营；部队；大队(的人) | |
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battalions
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| n.（陆军的）一营（大约有一千兵士）( battalion的名词复数 )；协同作战的部队；军队；（组织在一起工作的）队伍 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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dignified
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| a.可敬的，高贵的 | |
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promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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invincible
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| adj.不可征服的，难以制服的 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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concessions
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| n.（尤指由政府或雇主给予的）特许权( concession的名词复数 )；承认；减价；（在某地的）特许经营权 | |
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concession
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| n.让步，妥协；特许(权) | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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disaffected
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| adj.（政治上）不满的，叛离的 | |
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endorsed
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| vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品 | |
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fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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disorders
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| n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调 | |
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luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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backbone
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| n.脊骨，脊柱，骨干；刚毅，骨气 | |
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41
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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42
insolence
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| n.傲慢；无礼；厚颜；傲慢的态度 | |
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43
monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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46
honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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conversational
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| adj.对话的，会话的 | |
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48
unaware
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| a.不知道的，未意识到的 | |
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49
hurrah
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| int.好哇，万岁，乌拉 | |
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50
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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51
ailed
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| v.生病( ail的过去式和过去分词 )；感到不舒服；处境困难；境况不佳 | |
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52
pessimism
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| n.悲观者，悲观主义者，厌世者 | |
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53
saluted
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的过去式和过去分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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54
hubbub
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| n.嘈杂；骚乱 | |
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55
ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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decrepit
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| adj.衰老的，破旧的 | |
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57
tack
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| n.大头钉；假缝，粗缝 | |
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58
rupture
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| n.破裂；(关系的)决裂；v.(使)破裂 | |
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groans
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| n.呻吟，叹息( groan的名词复数 )；呻吟般的声音v.呻吟( groan的第三人称单数 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦 | |
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60
traitor
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| n.叛徒，卖国贼 | |
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61
gallop
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| v./n.(马或骑马等)飞奔；飞速发展 | |
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modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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Flared
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| adj. 端部张开的, 爆发的, 加宽的, 漏斗式的 动词flare的过去式和过去分词 | |
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bodyguard
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| n.护卫，保镖 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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purporting
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| v.声称是…，（装得）像是…的样子( purport的现在分词 ) | |
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legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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legacy
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| n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西 | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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71
loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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72
qualified
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| adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的 | |
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whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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74
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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liar
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| n.说谎的人 | |
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76
grooms
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| n.新郎( groom的名词复数 )；马夫v.照料或梳洗（马等）( groom的第三人称单数 )；使做好准备；训练；（给动物）擦洗 | |
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forgery
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| n.伪造的文件等，赝品，伪造（行为） | |
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authentic
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| a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的 | |
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impeached
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| v.控告（某人）犯罪( impeach的过去式和过去分词 )；弹劾；对（某事物）怀疑；提出异议 | |
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80
cowardice
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| n.胆小，怯懦 | |
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81
dice
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| n.骰子；vt.把（食物）切成小方块，冒险 | |
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82
secrecy
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| n.秘密，保密，隐蔽 | |
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83
initiation
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| n.开始 | |
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84
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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85
taunts
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| 嘲弄的言语，嘲笑，奚落( taunt的名词复数 ) | |
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86
gambling
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| n.赌博；投机 | |
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87
dedicated
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| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
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88
bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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89
grudge
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| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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antiquity
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| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
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91
parody
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| n.打油诗文，诙谐的改编诗文，拙劣的模仿；v.拙劣模仿，作模仿诗文 | |
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92
parodying
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| v.滑稽地模仿，拙劣地模仿( parody的现在分词 ) | |
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93
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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94
mule
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| n.骡子，杂种，执拗的人 | |
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95
rumoured
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| adj.谣传的；传说的；风 | |
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96
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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