Both its presence and its absence may denote normality or abnormality. Intense jealousy may be the projection10 of our feelings into another individual and be a symptom of paranoia11. On the other hand, the entire lack of jealousy of a husband who enjoys the sight of his wife caressed12 by another man, certainly reveals a most morbid13 masochism.
Hunger, thirst, erotism always find their satisfaction at some time. Intense pain deadens itself thru its very intensity14. Jealousy on the contrary feeds on itself. It can be aroused by the unseen as well as by the obvious. In fact, like many neurotic15[Pg 134] elements, it thrives best on the invisible and the unreal.
Jealousy based upon unseen things, hunches16, intuition, borders dangerously on hallucinatory states. The absolute blindness of some husbands, on the other hand, reveals a form of egotistical cocksureness closely allied18 to delusions19 of greatness.
Rules for Husbands. Forel, in some ways very old fashioned and unimaginative, has summarised as follows the proper rules of conduct for "reasonable husbands" suffering from jealousy.
"An intelligent husband," he writes, "should quietly find out thru the usual agencies whether his suspicions are justified20 or not. For what is the use of being jealous? If his suspicions are unfounded, he can only annoy his wife and make her unhappy thru his jealous behavior. If he was right in suspecting her, there is only one of two things to be done: either an otherwise excellent wife has yielded to the attraction of another man and may feel perfectly21 miserable22 over it. She should be forgiven and led back into the right path. Or a wife has no affection left for her husband or she is an unworthy, characterless deceiver, and in such cases, what is needed is not jealousy but a divorce."
Instead of "reasonable" husbands, Forel should[Pg 135] have written, husbands "free from complexes," for jealousy is little besides a neurotic mask for an unrecognized feeling of inferiority.
There are thousands of husbands who would not dare to find out whether their wives are untrue or not. Some may be so enslaved to their wives' bodies that they cannot contemplate23 the possibility of losing them.
Public opinion, if a scandal should break out, would compel them to seek a divorce and therefore they prefer to remain in ignorance of the real state of affairs and of their "defeat."
Others are so egotistical that they refuse to suspect their wives of infidelity and are honestly trying to protect their wife's reputation when they make a jealous scene. This is frequently observed among the "after-me-who-has-a-chance?" type of husband.
Other egotists fear the ridicule24 that might follow upon exposure and which might destroy some of their self confidence. They would be too weak to bear up well under their friends' open or concealed sarcasm25.
The jealous scenes they make to their suspected wives are in the nature of a punishment which they inflict26 on the faithless one.
Other husbands, entangled27 in extramatrimonial[Pg 136] affairs, are in no way desirous to create a scandal but work themselves into jealous moods to keep up a pretence28 of interest in their wives.
Others, very old fashioned, believe in a double standard and, while condoning29 their own weaknesses, condemn30 every appearance of evil in "their" wives.
Very Few Men or Women Admit Their Jealousy. Most of them cover it with ethical31 veils of the most transparent32 type: "You neglect your household," "you are a poor mother (or father) to your children," "you are making yourself (or me) ridiculous," etc.
Some husbands deny they are jealous but declaim against low neck gowns, flesh-colored stockings, face powder, rouge33, lip sticks to which they object on "moral grounds."
The last two groups derive6 a great comfort from their assumed ethical and moral superiority which they use as a justification34 for their endless nagging35.
Some jealous husbands force motherhood upon their wives year after year as a protection against unfaithfulness. A woman disabled by pregnancy36 and lactation is, of necessity, more faithful. Attempts at freedom on the part of a woman burdened with a numerous progeny37 can easily be repressed by admonitions such as "Remember the children," etc.
[Pg 137]
Jealousy and Impotence. Jealousy in a man is often caused by the fact that he has become impotent. Unable to gratify his wife physically38, he imagines that she seeks consolation39 elsewhere and in that way he "gets even" with her: "I am impotent but she is promiscuous," so runs the neurotic's logic40.
Not infrequently a woman who has been brought up to consider physical relations as slightly shameful41 and something which a well brought up female submits to, but never "enjoys," may, if she is very erotic, develop terrible fits of jealousy.
Frink, mentioning one of those rather frequent cases, dissects42 the psychology43 of that type of jealous women as follows: "If her husband's caresses44 leave her unsatisfied, she is caught between the two horns of a dilemma45. If she grants that this is enough to satisfy her husband's 'animal instincts' she must then admit that she is more erotic than he is, hence, more 'animal' than he. And such an admission is impossible to a woman of puritanical upbringing. Hence 'logically' she concludes that he must be untrue to her."
Frink adds: "Undue46 jealousy in a man usually means that he has, or thinks he has, some deficiency of sexual power. It means in a woman, not, as[Pg 138] many seem to think, that she is unusually in love with her husband, but rather, that she is not perfectly satisfied with him, and often that she thinks that if he really knew her, he would not be satisfied with her. In most patients suffering from morbid jealousy there is an overaccentuation of the homosexual component47 of the libido48."
Very often some unattractive individual feels jealous because he or she has ceased to attract sexually his or her life mate.
A neurotic, whose face had been made hideous49 by a discoloration due to illness, was sure his wife must have a lover, because she no longer seemed to feel erotic in his company. His way of reasoning was as follows: "I cannot disgust her, hence some one else must attract her."
Childish Behavior. Some neurotics50 with a strong father or mother fixation become jealous of an otherwise perfectly faithful and devoted51 mate because they fail to receive from their husband or wife, the sort of attention and uncritical devotion they would expect from a parent. Those people are still children who never admit the possibility of adult equality between them and their mate. The mate must be the strong father or the self-sacrificing mother. They themselves remain ba[Pg 139]bies, constantly to be petted, admired and consoled. If their husband or wife fails to shower on them the thousand little attentions which a nursling requires, they fly into a petty and unjustified rage, suspecting that some one else has robbed them of their privileges.
The Don Juan and the Messalina are quite as jealous as faithful mates. Men leading a double life may watch wife and mistress with equal suspicion. This is probably due to the fact that they feel unable to satisfy both women sexually. Orientals with a harem are said to be infinitely52 more tigerish in their jealousy than Western men of the most monogamous type. I have known several married women who, altho they had deceived their husbands on several occasions, were terribly upset when their husbands showed too much interest in some other woman.
The Ego17 Rampant53. The proprietor54 of a hotel in a Western town, who lived a few blocks from his inn, was annoyed when his wife refused more and more frequently to come and keep him company at the hotel in the evenings.
When a young lawyer took up his residence at the hotel, however, she never failed to put in an appearance, regardless of the weather or of her[Pg 140] health, which she had used so often as excuses for staying at home.
Later on, detectives supplied him with enough grounds to secure a divorce. Curiously55 enough, what brought forth56 the greatest display of anger on his part when he recalled the incident, was not the thought of the caresses which his wife and the other man may have exchanged. His humiliation57 was indescribable when he realised that the other man had wielded58 more influence upon his wife than he had himself. "One night," he said to me, "when she came down thru a heavy snowstorm, just to see him, I could have killed her."
Sexless Jealousy. All the foregoing tends to show that jealousy has very little to do with sex. Many domestic animals evince violent jealousy when their masters show attentions to strange animals. A feud59 may be precipitated60 among the household pets when the dog beholds61 his mistress petting the cat and conversely. Fox terriers often attempt to bite people who shake hands with their master or, in friendly ways, lay hands on him.
Likewise, it was jealousy which drove Cain to slay62 Abel and which caused Joseph to suffer many indignities63 at the hands of his brothers.
A Freudian might say that Cain and Joseph's[Pg 141] brothers were seeking the father's (God's) homosexual love and begrudged64 whatever of it was lavished66 on their victims. Adler would more plausibly67 suggest that the prestige and power wielded by Joseph and Abel were too much of an irritant for their inferior and greedy brothers.
In other spheres than the sexual sphere, we notice that success won by undisputed superiors or absolute inferiors does not arouse our jealousy. A young pianist does not resent honors bestowed68 upon Paderewksy, nor does Paderewsky begrudge65 the stripling his early success. Jealousy, on the other hand, rages among great artists of about the same rank. In the first case, superiority or inferiority is taken for granted. In the case of equals competing for the same laurels69 inferiority is "feared."
Husbands and Lovers. Many men feel no jealousy over the caresses their mistress may receive from her husband. The husband has been defeated by the lover, hence is "absolutely" inferior.
The same, it goes without saying, applies to women in love with a married man. Many men, in fact, prefer to have extramatrimonial affairs with married women and many women with married men. They no longer fear the husband[Pg 142] or wife whom they have defeated in the struggle for his or her mate's favor. They consider him or her as a watchful70 guardian71 of their mistress's or their lover's sexual life, less formidable than an unknown man or woman might be, who had not been defeated yet.
The suttee custom in India, the various wills left by Western men or women, providing that the surviving spouse72 shall be disinherited if he or she marries again, shows that jealousy has little to do with love, sexual or affectionate. That posthumous73 jealousy is a distinct attempt at controlling one's "property" after one's death, whether the property be a woman or a certain sum of money.
Cruelty. Adler has pointed74 out the cruel character of jealousy and the constant attempts made by jealous neurotics to disparage75 and belittle76 their love object.
"The neurotic suffering from jealousy is insatiable in his search for ways to test his mate. This indicates his lack of self confidence, his lack of self esteem77 and his uncertainty78. His jealous efforts are calculated to bring him more into notice, to attract more attention to himself and thus to increase his self-esteem. He revives upon every possible occasion the old feeling of being neglected and dis[Pg 143]regarded, and assumes anew the childish attitude of wishing to have everything, to obtain a proof of superiority upon his mate.
"A glance, a word spoken in company, an acknowledgment of a favor, a show of interest for a painting, for an author, for a relative, even a protective attitude toward servants, may be taken as the cause of the operation. In certain cases the impression is distinctly given that the jealous individual cannot rest because he has no confidence in peaceful happiness or account of his misfortune. Then a neurosis develops in which an effort is made to subdue79 the life mate by a system of attacks, to arouse his or her sympathy; or perhaps the attack is intended as a punishment. Headaches, weeping fits, weakness, paralysis80, [1] attacks of anxiety and depression, silence, etc., have the same value as alcoholism, perversion81 or lewdness82. The line of distrust and doubt, often about the legitimacy83 of the children, becomes more pronounced, outbreaks of wrath84 and scolding, mistrust of the entire opposite sex, are regular phenomena85 and reveal the other side of jealousy as a preparation for the disparagement86 of the life mate.
[Pg 144]
"Often pride prevents consciousness of jealousy but the behavior is the same. This situation is at times made worse by the fact that the suspected mate beholds the helplessness of the jealous one with unconscious satisfaction and fails to find the words or the tone that would hold jealousy within bounds."
Making People Jealous. This is why the efforts made by certain men and women to arouse their sexual partner's jealousy are productive of rather baneful87 results. They do not bring out the love or affection of the person who is made jealous but his worst egotistical and sadistic88 traits.
One of the strongest factors in love being the egotistical satisfaction we derive from the possession of the love object and the realisation of our influence over it, our love wanes89 rapidly when we see another person wielding90 much power over it.
The stratagem91 has temporary effects which may deceive the person using them. The jealous lover, at first makes decided92 efforts to regain93 his position, but he soon feels swayed by egotistical considerations which lead him toward the line of least effort. Slighted by one woman, he turns to another for consolation, and usually finds it.
The man or woman who considers it shrewd to let his mate suspect that "there are others," for one thing encourages faithlessness by creating a prece[Pg 145]dent. It is especially when the other (or others) are distinctly inferior in appearance or position that this sort of game ends disastrously94. The woman who likes to mention the attentions bestowed upon her by some inferior man and seems to enjoy them accomplishes two things. She makes herself appear inferior and "easy" and makes her lover feel that any inferior man could compete with him for her love and that, hence, he himself must be inferior.
He may run away from her to escape that feeling of inferiority.
If he does not leave her, he no longer feels compelled to make any effort to please her, since worthless homage95 seems so valuable to her.
Jealousy is the Hell of Love and no one should dare to open its gates lightheartedly.
One should be the more careful in arousing jealousy as the "green eyed goddess" now and then is responsible for some killing96. The sexually jealous husband may kill his wife's lover, the egotistically jealous husband may kill the unfaithful wife. The former removes temptation from her path, the latter avenges97 his wounded egotism.
It is not always the sort of love that flares98 up frequently in jealous outburst, sexual or egotistical, which is the deepest. I know of a case in which a [Pg 146] husband repressed entirely99 his anger and desire for vengeance100 when his wife left him to live with another man. A clever psychologist, he realized that lack of opposition101 to her plans would kill the romance of his wife's rash step. He also knew that any violence to which he might submit her lover would crown him with the halo of martyrdom. He wrote to her: "I shall not interfere102 with your adventure, for uninterrupted intimacy103 will soon cause you to tire of each other. Nor will I shoot him for I would thereby104 transform him in your mind into a hero." Eventually, the "erring105" wife returned to her home.
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
jealousy
|
|
| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
manifestation
|
|
| n.表现形式；表明；现象 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
puritanical
|
|
| adj.极端拘谨的；道德严格的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
civilisation
|
|
| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
concealed
|
|
| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
derive
|
|
| v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
derives
|
|
| v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
obsessional
|
|
| adj.摆脱不了的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
guise
|
|
| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
projection
|
|
| n.发射，计划，突出部分 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
paranoia
|
|
| n.妄想狂，偏执狂；多疑症 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
caressed
|
|
| 爱抚或抚摸…( caress的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
morbid
|
|
| adj.病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
intensity
|
|
| n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
neurotic
|
|
| adj.神经病的，神经过敏的；n.神经过敏者，神经病患者 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
hunches
|
|
| 预感，直觉( hunch的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
17
ego
|
|
| n.自我，自己，自尊 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
18
allied
|
|
| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
19
delusions
|
|
| n.欺骗( delusion的名词复数 )；谬见；错觉；妄想 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
20
justified
|
|
| a.正当的，有理的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
21
perfectly
|
|
| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
22
miserable
|
|
| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
23
contemplate
|
|
| vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
24
ridicule
|
|
| v.讥讽，挖苦；n.嘲弄 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
25
sarcasm
|
|
| n.讥讽，讽刺，嘲弄，反话 （adj.sarcastic） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
26
inflict
|
|
| vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
27
entangled
|
|
| adj.卷入的；陷入的；被缠住的；缠在一起的v.使某人（某物/自己）缠绕，纠缠于（某物中），使某人（自己）陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）( entangle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
28
pretence
|
|
| n.假装，作假；借口，口实；虚伪；虚饰 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
29
condoning
|
|
| v.容忍，宽恕，原谅( condone的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
30
condemn
|
|
| vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
31
ethical
|
|
| adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
32
transparent
|
|
| adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
33
rouge
|
|
| n.胭脂，口红唇膏；v.(在…上)擦口红 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
34
justification
|
|
| n.正当的理由；辩解的理由 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
35
nagging
|
|
| adj.唠叨的，挑剔的；使人不得安宁的v.不断地挑剔或批评（某人）( nag的现在分词 )；不断地烦扰或伤害（某人）；无休止地抱怨；不断指责 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
36
pregnancy
|
|
| n.怀孕，怀孕期 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
37
progeny
|
|
| n.后代，子孙；结果 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
38
physically
|
|
| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
39
consolation
|
|
| n.安慰，慰问 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
40
logic
|
|
| n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
41
shameful
|
|
| adj.可耻的，不道德的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
42
dissects
|
|
| v.解剖（动物等）( dissect的第三人称单数 )；仔细分析或研究 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
43
psychology
|
|
| n.心理，心理学，心理状态 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
44
caresses
|
|
| 爱抚，抚摸( caress的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
45
dilemma
|
|
| n.困境，进退两难的局面 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
46
undue
|
|
| adj.过分的；不适当的；未到期的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
47
component
|
|
| n.组成部分，成分，元件；adj.组成的，合成的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
48
libido
|
|
| n.本能的冲动 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
49
hideous
|
|
| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
50
neurotics
|
|
| n.神经官能症的( neurotic的名词复数 )；神经质的；神经过敏的；极为焦虑的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
51
devoted
|
|
| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
52
infinitely
|
|
| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
53
rampant
|
|
| adj.(植物)蔓生的；狂暴的，无约束的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
54
proprietor
|
|
| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
55
curiously
|
|
| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
56
forth
|
|
| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
57
humiliation
|
|
| n.羞辱 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
58
wielded
|
|
| 手持着使用（武器、工具等）( wield的过去式和过去分词 )； 具有； 运用（权力）； 施加（影响） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
59
feud
|
|
| n.长期不和；世仇；v.长期争斗；世代结仇 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
60
precipitated
|
|
| v.（突如其来地）使发生( precipitate的过去式和过去分词 )；促成；猛然摔下；使沉淀 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
61
beholds
|
|
| v.看，注视( behold的第三人称单数 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
62
slay
|
|
| v.杀死，宰杀，杀戮 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
63
indignities
|
|
| n.侮辱，轻蔑( indignity的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
64
begrudged
|
|
| 嫉妒( begrudge的过去式和过去分词 )； 勉强做； 不乐意地付出； 吝惜 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
65
begrudge
|
|
| vt.吝啬，羡慕 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
66
lavished
|
|
| v.过分给予，滥施( lavish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
67
plausibly
|
|
| 似真地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
68
bestowed
|
|
| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
69
laurels
|
|
| n.桂冠，荣誉 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
70
watchful
|
|
| adj.注意的，警惕的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
71
guardian
|
|
| n.监护人；守卫者，保护者 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
72
spouse
|
|
| n.配偶(指夫或妻) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
73
posthumous
|
|
| adj.遗腹的；父亡后出生的；死后的，身后的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
74
pointed
|
|
| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
75
disparage
|
|
| v.贬抑，轻蔑 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
76
belittle
|
|
| v.轻视，小看，贬低 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
77
esteem
|
|
| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
78
uncertainty
|
|
| n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
79
subdue
|
|
| vt.制服，使顺从，征服；抑制，克制 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
80
paralysis
|
|
| n.麻痹(症)；瘫痪(症) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
81
perversion
|
|
| n.曲解；堕落；反常 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
82
lewdness
|
|
| n. 淫荡, 邪恶 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
83
legitimacy
|
|
| n.合法，正当 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
84
wrath
|
|
| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
85
phenomena
|
|
| n.现象 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
86
disparagement
|
|
| n.轻视，轻蔑 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
87
baneful
|
|
| adj.有害的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
88
sadistic
|
|
| adj.虐待狂的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
89
wanes
|
|
| v.衰落( wane的第三人称单数 )；（月）亏；变小；变暗淡 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
90
wielding
|
|
| 手持着使用（武器、工具等）( wield的现在分词 )； 具有； 运用（权力）； 施加（影响） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
91
stratagem
|
|
| n.诡计，计谋 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
92
decided
|
|
| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
93
regain
|
|
| vt.重新获得，收复，恢复 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
94
disastrously
|
|
| ad.灾难性地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
95
homage
|
|
| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
96
killing
|
|
| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
97
avenges
|
|
| v.为…复仇，报…之仇( avenge的第三人称单数 )；为…报复 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
98
flares
|
|
| n.喇叭裤v.（使）闪耀( flare的第三人称单数 )；（使）（船舷）外倾；（使）鼻孔张大；（使）（衣裙、酒杯等）呈喇叭形展开 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
99
entirely
|
|
| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
100
vengeance
|
|
| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
101
opposition
|
|
| n.反对，敌对 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
102
interfere
|
|
| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
103
intimacy
|
|
| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
104
thereby
|
|
| adv.因此，从而 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
105
erring
|
|
| 做错事的，错误的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
| 欢迎访问英文小说网 |