The vast multitudes of animated7 beings which people the Polar Seas form a remarkable8 contrast to the nakedness of their bleak9 and desolate10 shores. The colder surface-waters almost perpetually exposed to a chilly11 air, and frequently covered, even in summer, with floating ice, are indeed unfavorable to the development of organic life; but this adverse12 influence is modified by the higher temperature which constantly prevails at a greater depth; for, contrary to what takes place in the equatorial seas, we find in the Polar Ocean an increase of temperature from the surface downward, in consequence of the warmer under-currents, flowing from the south northward13, and passing beneath the cold waters of the superficial Arctic current.
Thus the severity of the Polar winter remains14 unfelt at a greater depth of the sea, where myriads15 of creatures find a secure retreat against the frost, and whence they emerge during the long summer’s day, either to line the shores or to ascend16 the broad rivers of the Arctic world. Between the parallels of 74° and 80° Scoresby observed that the color of the Greenland sea varies from the purest ultramarine to olive green, and from crystalline transparency to striking opacity—appearances which are not transitory, but permanent. This green semi-opaque water, whose position varies with the currents, often forming isolated18 stripes, and sometimes spreading over two or three degrees of latitude19, mainly owes its singular aspect to small medusæ and nudibranchiate molluscs. It is calculated to form one-fourth part of the surface of the sea between the above-mentioned parallels, so that many thousands of square miles are absolutely teeming20 with life.
On the coast of Greenland, where the waters are so exceedingly clear that the bottom and every object upon it are plainly visible even at a depth of eighty fathoms21, the ground is seen covered with gigantic tangles22, which, together with the animal world circulating among their fronds23, remind the spectator of the coral-reefs of the tropical ocean. Nullipores, mussels, alcyonians, sertularians, ascidians, and a variety of other sessile animals, incrust every stone or fill every hollow or crevice24 of the rocky ground. A dead seal or fish thrown into the sea is soon converted into a skeleton by the myriads of small crustaceans25 which infest26 these northern waters, and, like the ants in the equatorial forests, perform the part of scavengers of the deep.
60 Thus we find an exuberance28 of life, in its smaller and smallest forms, peopling the Arctic waters, and affording nourishment29 to a variety of strange and bulky creatures—cetaceans, walruses30, and seals—which annually31 attract thousands of adventurous32 seamen33 to the icy ocean.
Of these sea-mammalians, the most important to civilized34 man is undoubtedly35 the Greenland whale (Balæna mysticetus), or smooth-back, thus called from its having no dorsal36 fin. Formerly37 these whales were harpooned38 in considerable numbers in the Icelandic waters, or in the fiords of Spitzbergen and Danish Greenland; then Davis’s Straits became the favorite fishing-grounds; and more recently the inlets and various channels to the east of Baffin’s Bay have been invaded; while, on the opposite side of America, several hundreds of whalers penetrate40 every year through Bering’s Straits into the icy sea beyond, where previously41 they lived and multiplied, unmolested except by the Esquimaux.
34. THE WHALE.
More fortunate than the smooth-back, the rorquals, or fin-whales (Balænoptera boops, musculus, physalis, and rostratus), still remain in their ancient seats, from which they are not likely to be dislodged, as the agility42 of their movements makes their capture more difficult and dangerous; while at the same time the small quantity of their fat and the shortness of their baleen43 render it far less remunerative44. They are of a more slender form of body, and with a more pointed45 muzzle46 than the Greenland whale; and while the latter attains47 a length of only sixty feet, the Balænoptera boops grows to the vast length of 100 feet and more. There is also a difference in their food, for the Greenland whale chiefly feeds upon the minute animals that crowd the olive-colored waters above described, or on the hosts of little pteropods that are found in many parts of the Arctic seas, while the rorquals frequently accompany the herring-shoals, and carry death and destruction into their ranks.
The seas of Novaja Zemlya, Spitzbergen, and Greenland are the domain48 of the narwhal, or sea-unicorn, a cetacean quite as strange, but not so fabulous49 as the terrestrial animal which figures in the arms of England. The use of the61 enormous spirally wound tusk50 projecting from its upper jaw51, and from which it derives52 its popular name, has not yet been clearly ascertained53, some holding it to be an instrument of defense54, while others suppose it to be only an ornament55 or mark of the superior dignity of the sex to which it has been awarded.
35. THE NARWHAL.
Among the numerous dolphins which people the Arctic and Subarctic seas, the beluga (Delphinus leucas), improperly56 called the white whale, is one of the most interesting. When young it has a brown color, which gradually changes into a perfect white. It attains a length of from twelve to twenty feet, has no dorsal fin, a strong tail three feet broad, and a round head with a broad truncated57 snout. Beyond 56° of latitude it is frequently seen in large shoals, particularly near the estuaries58 of the large Siberian and North American rivers, which it often ascends59 to a considerable distance in pursuit of the salmon60. A troop of belugas diving out of the dark waves of the Arctic Sea is said to afford a magnificent spectacle. Their white color appears dazzling, from the contrast of the sombre background, as they dart61 about with arrow-like velocity62.
The black dolphin (Globicephalus globiceps) is likewise very common in the Arctic seas, both beyond Bering’s Straits and between Greenland and Spitzbergen, whence it frequently makes excursions to the south. It grows to the length of twenty-four feet, and is about ten feet in circumference63. The skin, like that of the dolphin tribe in general, is smooth, resembling oiled silk; the color a bluish-black on the back, and generally whitish on the belly64; the blubber is three or four inches thick.
The full-grown have generally twenty-two or twenty-four teeth in each jaw; and when the mouth is shut, the teeth lock between one another, like the teeth of a trap. The dorsal fin is about fifteen inches high, the tail five feet broad; the pectoral fins65 are as many, long and comparatively narrow; so that, armed with such excellent paddles, the black dolphin is inferior to none of his relatives in swiftness. Of an eminently66 social disposition67, these dolphins sometimes congregate68 in herds69 of many hundreds, under the guidance of several old experienced62 males, whom the rest follow like a flock of sheep—a property from which the animal is called in Shetland the “ca’ing whale.” No cetacean strands71 more frequently than the black dolphin, and occasionally large herds have been driven on the shores of Iceland, Norway, and the Orkney, Shetland and Faeroe islands, where their capture is hailed as a godsend. The intelligence that a shoal of ca’ing whales or grinds has been seen approaching the coast, creates great excitement among the otherwise phlegmatic72 inhabitants of the Faeroe Islands. The whole neighborhood, old and young, is instantly in motion, and soon numerous boats shoot off from shore to intercept73 the retreat of the dolphins. Slowly and steadily74 they are driven toward the coast; the phalanx of their enemies draws closer and closer together; terrified by stones and blows, they run ashore75, and lie gasping76 as the flood recedes77. Then begins the work of death, amid the loud shouts of the executioners and the furious splashings of the victims. In this manner more than 800 grinds were massacred on August 16, 1776; and during the four summer months that Langbye sojourned on the island in 1817, 623 were driven on shore, and served to pay one-half of the imported corn. But, on the other hand, many years frequently pass without yielding one single black whale to the tender mercies of the islanders.
The ferocious78 orc, or grampus (Delphinus orca), is the tiger of the Arctic seas. Black above, white beneath, it is distinguished79 by its large dorsal fin, which curves backward toward the tail, and rises to the height of two feet or more. Measuring no less than twenty-five feet in length and twelve or thirteen in girth, of a courage equal to its strength, and armed with formidable teeth, thirty in each jaw, the grampus is the dread80 of the seals, whom it overtakes in spite of their rapid flight; and the whale himself would consider it as his most formidable enemy, were it not for the persecutions of man. The grampus generally ploughs the seas in small troops of four or five, following each other in close single file, and alternately disappearing and rising so as to resemble the undulatory motions of one large serpentiform animal.
The family of the seals has also numerous and mighty81 representatives in the Arctic waters. In the sea of Bering we meet with the formidable sea-lion and the valuable sea-bear, while the harp-seal, the bearded seal, and the hispid seals (Phoca grœnlandica, barbata, hispida), spreading from the Parry Islands to Novaja Zemlya, yield the tribute of their flesh to numerous wild tribes, and that of their skins to the European hunter.
Few Arctic animals are more valuable to man, or more frequently mentioned in Polar voyages than the walrus or morse (Trichechus rosmarus), which, though allied82 to the seals, differs greatly from them by the development of the canines83 of the upper jaw, which form two enormous tusks85 projecting downward to the length of two feet. The morse is one of the largest quadrupeds existing, as it attains a length of twenty feet, and a weight of from fifteen hundred to two thousand pounds. In uncouthness86 of form it surpasses even the ungainly hippopotamus87. It has a small head with a remarkably88 thick upper lip, covered with large pellucid89 whiskers or bristles90; the neck is thick and short; the naked gray or red-brown skin hangs loosely on the ponderous91 and elongated92 trunk; and the short feet terminate in broad fin-like paddles, resembling large63 ill-fashioned flaps of leather. Its movements on land are extremely slow and awkward, resembling those of a huge caterpillar93, but in the water it has all the activity of the seals, or even surpasses them in speed.
36. WALRUSES ON THE ICE.
Gregarious94, like the seals and many of the dolphins, the walruses love to lie on the ice or on the sand-banks, closely huddled95 together. On the spot where64 a walrus lands, others are sure to follow; and when the first comers block the shore, those which arrive later, instead of landing on a free spot farther on, prefer giving their friends who are in the way a gentle push with their tusks so as to induce them to make room.
Timorous96 and almost helpless on land, where, in spite of its formidable tusks, it falls an easy prey97 to the attacks of man, the walrus evinces a greater degree of courage in the water, where it is able to make a better use of the strength and weapons bestowed98 upon it by nature. Many instances are known where walruses, which never attack but when provoked, have turned upon their assailants, or have even assembled from a distance to assist a wounded comrade.
Like the seals, the walrus is easily tamed, and of a most affectionate temper. This was shown in a remarkable manner by a young walrus brought alive from Archangel to St. Petersburg in 1829. Its keeper, Madame Dennebecq, having tended it with the greatest care, the grateful animal expressed its pleasure whenever she came near it by an affectionate grunt99. It not only followed her with its eyes, but was never happier than when allowed to lay its head in her lap. The tenderness was reciprocal, and Madame Dennebecq used to talk of her walrus with the same warmth of affection as if it had been a pet lapdog.
That parental love should be highly developed in animals thus susceptible100 of friendship may easily be imagined. Mr. Lamont, an English gentleman whom the love of sport led a few years since to Spitzbergen, relates the case of a wounded walrus who held a very young calf101 under her right arm. Whenever the harpoon39 was raised against it, the mother carefully shielded it with her own body. The countenance102 of this poor animal was never to be forgotten: that of the calf expressive103 of abject104 terror, and yet of such a boundless105 confidence in its mother’s power of protecting it, as it swam along under her wing, and the old cow’s face showing such reckless defiance106 for all that could be done to herself, and yet such terrible anxiety as to the safety of her calf. This parental affection is shamefully107 misused108 by man, for it is a common artifice109 of the walrus-hunters to catch a young animal and make it grunt, in order to attract a herd70.
The walrus is confined to the coasts of the Arctic regions, unless when drift-ice, or some other accident, carries it away into the open sea. Its chief resorts are Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla, North Greenland, the shores of Hudson’s and Baffin’s bays; and on the opposite side of the Polar Ocean, the coasts of Bering’s Sea, and to the north of Bering’s Straits, the American and Asiatic shores from Point Barrow to Cape110 North. It has nowhere been found on the coasts of Siberia from the mouth of the Jenisei to the last-mentioned promontory111, and on those of America from Point Barrow to Lancaster Sound; so that it inhabits two distinct regions, separated from each other by vast extents of coast. Its food seems to consist principally of marine17 plants and shell-fish, though Scoresby relates that he found the remains of fishes, or even of seals, in its stomach.
As the Polar bear is frequently found above a hundred miles from the nearest land, upon loose ice steadily drifting into the sea, it seems but fair to assign65 him a place among the marine animals of the Arctic zone. He hunts by scent112, and is constantly running across and against the wind, which prevails from the northward, so that the same instinct which directs his search for prey also serves the important purpose of guiding him in the direction of the land and more solid ice. His favorite food is the seal, which he surprises crouching113 down with his fore27 paws doubled underneath114, and pushing himself noiselessly forward with his hinder legs until within a few yards, when he springs upon his victim, whether in the water or upon the ice. He can swim at the rate of three miles an hour, and can dive to a considerable distance. Though he attacks man when hungry, wounded, or provoked, he will not injure him when food more to his liking115 is at hand. Sir Francis M’Clintock relates an anecdote116 of a native of Upernavik who was out one dark winter’s day visiting his seal-nets. He found a seal entangled117, and whilst kneeling down over it upon the ice to get it clear, he received a slap on the back—from his companion as he supposed; but a second and heavier blow made him look smartly round. He was horror-stricken to see a peculiarly grim old bear instead of his comrade. Without taking further notice of the man, Bruin tore the seal out of the net, and began his supper. He was not interrupted, nor did the man wait to see the meal finished, fearing, no doubt, that his uninvited and unceremonious guest might keep a corner for him.
Many instances have been observed of the peculiar118 sagacity of the Polar bear. Scoresby relates that the captain of a whaler, being anxious to procure119 a bear without wounding the skin, made trial of the stratagem120 of laying the noose121 of a rope in the snow, and placing a piece of kreng, or whale’s carcass, within it. A bear, ranging the neighboring ice, was soon enticed122 to the spot. Approaching the bait, he seized it in his mouth; but his foot, at the same moment, by a jerk of the rope, being entangled in the noose, he pushed it off with the adjoining paw, and deliberately123 retired124. After having eaten the piece he carried away with him, he returned. The noose, with another piece of kreng, being then replaced, he pushed the rope aside, and again walked triumphantly125 off with the kreng. A third time the noose was laid, and this time the rope was buried in the snow, and the bait laid in a deep hole dug in the centre. But Bruin, after snuffing about the place for a few minutes, scraped the snow away with his paw, threw the rope aside, and escaped unhurt with his prize.
The she-bear is taught by a wonderful instinct to shelter her young under the snow. Towards the month of December she retreats to the side of a rock, where, by dint126 of scraping and allowing the snow to fall upon her, she forms a cell in which to reside during the winter. There is no fear that she should be stifled127 for want of air, for the warmth of her breath always keeps a small passage open, and the snow, instead of forming a thick uniform sheet, is broken by a little hole, round which is collected a mass of glittering hoar-frost, caused by the congelation of the breath. Within this strange nursery she produces her young, and remains with them beneath the snow until the month of March, when she emerges into the open air with her baby bears. As the time passes on, the breath of the family, together with the warmth exhaled128 from their66 bodies, serves to enlarge the cell, so that with their increasing dimensions the accommodation is increased to suit them. As the only use of the snow-burrow is to shelter the young, the male bears do not hibernate129 like the females, but roam freely about during the winter months. Before retiring under the snow, the bear eats enormously, and, driven by an unfailing instinct, resorts to the most nutritious130 diet, so that she becomes prodigiously131 fat, thus laying in an internal store of alimentary132 matter which enables her not only to support her own life, but to suckle her young during her long seclusion133, without taking a morsel134 of food. By an admirable provision of nature, the young are of wonderfully small dimensions when compared with the parent; and as their growth, as long as they remain confined in their crystal nursery, is remarkably slow, they consequently need but little food and space.
37. HOME OF THE POLAR BEAR.
The Polar bear is armed with formidable weapons, and a proportionate power to use them. His claws are two inches in length, and his canine84 teeth, exclusive of the part in the jaw, about an inch and a half. Thus the hoards135 of provisions which are frequently deposited by Arctic voyagers to provide for some future want, have no greater enemy than the Polar bear. “The final cache,” says Kane, “which I relied so much upon, was entirely136 destroyed. It had been built with extreme care, of rocks which had been assembled by very heavy labor137, and adjusted with much aid, often, from capstan-bars as levers.67 The entire construction was, so far as our means permitted, most effective and resisting. Yet these tigers of the ice seemed hardly to have encountered an obstacle. Not a morsel of pemmican remained, except in the iron cases, which being round, with conical ends, defied both claws and teeth. They had rolled and pawed them in every direction, tossing them about like footballs, although over eighty pounds in weight. An alcohol can, strongly iron-bound, was dashed into small fragments, and a tin can of liquor smashed and twisted almost into a ball. The claws of the beast had perforated the metal and torn it up as with a chisel138. They were too dainty for salt meats; ground coffee they had an evident relish139 for; old canvas was a favorite, for some reason or other; even our flag, which had been reared ‘to take possession’ of the waste, was gnawed140 down to the very staff. They had made a regular frolic of it; rolling our bread-barrels over the ice; and, unable to masticate141 our heavy India-rubber cloth, they had tied it up in unimaginable hard knots.”
38. THE GULL142.
Numbers of sea-birds are found breeding along the Arctic shores as far as man has hitherto penetrated143; some even keep the sea in the high latitudes144 all the winter, wherever open water exists. On the most northern rocks the razorbill rears its young, and the fulmar and Ross’s gull have been seen in lanes of water beyond 82° lat. As the sun gains in power, enormous troops of puffins, looms145, dovekies, rotges, skuas, burgermasters, Sabine’s gulls146, kittiwakes, ivory gulls, and Arctic terns, return to the north. There they enjoy the long summer day, and revel147 in the abundance of the fish-teeming waters, bringing life and animation148 into solitudes149 seldom or perhaps never disturbed by the presence of man, and mingling150 their wild screams with the hoarse-resounding surge or the howling of the storm. In many localities they breed in such abundance, that it may be said, almost without exaggeration, that they darken the sun when they fly, and hide the waters when they swim.
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1
populousness
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| 人口稠密 | |
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fin
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| n.鳍；(飞机的)安定翼 | |
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wholesale
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| n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售 | |
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massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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walrus
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| n.海象 | |
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parental
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| adj.父母的；父的；母的 | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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bleak
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| adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的 | |
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desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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chilly
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| adj.凉快的，寒冷的 | |
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adverse
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| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
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northward
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| adv.向北；n.北方的地区 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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myriads
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| n.无数，极大数量( myriad的名词复数 ) | |
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ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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marine
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| adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵 | |
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isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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latitude
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| n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区 | |
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teeming
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| adj.丰富的v.充满( teem的现在分词 )；到处都是；（指水、雨等）暴降；倾注 | |
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fathoms
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| 英寻( fathom的名词复数 ) | |
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tangles
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| （使）缠结， （使）乱作一团( tangle的第三人称单数 ) | |
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fronds
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| n.蕨类或棕榈类植物的叶子( frond的名词复数 ) | |
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crevice
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| n.(岩石、墙等)裂缝；缺口 | |
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crustaceans
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| n.甲壳纲动物（如蟹、龙虾）( crustacean的名词复数 ) | |
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infest
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| v.大批出没于；侵扰；寄生于 | |
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fore
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| adv.在前面；adj.先前的；在前部的；n.前部 | |
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exuberance
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| n.丰富；繁荣 | |
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nourishment
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| n.食物，营养品；营养情况 | |
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walruses
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| n.海象( walrus的名词复数 ) | |
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annually
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| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
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adventurous
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| adj.爱冒险的；惊心动魄的，惊险的，刺激的 | |
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seamen
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| n.海员 | |
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civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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dorsal
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| adj.背部的，背脊的 | |
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formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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harpooned
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| v.鱼镖，鱼叉( harpoon的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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harpoon
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| n.鱼叉；vt.用鱼叉叉，用鱼叉捕获 | |
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penetrate
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| v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解 | |
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previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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agility
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| n.敏捷，活泼 | |
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baleen
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| n.鲸须 | |
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remunerative
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| adj.有报酬的 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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muzzle
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| n.鼻口部；口套；枪(炮)口；vt.使缄默 | |
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attains
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的第三人称单数 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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fabulous
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| adj.极好的；极为巨大的；寓言中的，传说中的 | |
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tusk
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| n.獠牙，长牙，象牙 | |
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jaw
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| n.颚，颌，说教，流言蜚语；v.喋喋不休，教训 | |
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derives
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| v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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53
ascertained
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| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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54
defense
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| n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩 | |
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55
ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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56
improperly
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| 不正确地，不适当地 | |
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57
truncated
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| adj.切去顶端的，缩短了的，被删节的v.截面的( truncate的过去式和过去分词 )；截头的；缩短了的；截去顶端或末端 | |
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58
estuaries
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| （江河入海的）河口，河口湾( estuary的名词复数 ) | |
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59
ascends
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的第三人称单数 ) | |
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60
salmon
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| n.鲑，大马哈鱼，橙红色的 | |
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61
dart
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| v.猛冲，投掷；n.飞镖，猛冲 | |
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62
velocity
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| n.速度，速率 | |
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63
circumference
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| n.圆周，周长，圆周线 | |
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64
belly
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| n.肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛 | |
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65
fins
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| [医]散热片；鱼鳍；飞边；鸭掌 | |
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66
eminently
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| adv.突出地；显著地；不寻常地 | |
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67
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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68
congregate
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| v.(使)集合，聚集 | |
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69
herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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70
herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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71
strands
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| n.（线、绳、金属线、毛发等的）股( strand的名词复数 )；缕；海洋、湖或河的)岸；（观点、计划、故事等的）部份v.使滞留，使搁浅( strand的第三人称单数 ) | |
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72
phlegmatic
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| adj.冷静的，冷淡的，冷漠的，无活力的 | |
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73
intercept
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| vt.拦截，截住，截击 | |
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74
steadily
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| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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75
ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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76
gasping
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| adj. 气喘的, 痉挛的 动词gasp的现在分词 | |
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77
recedes
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的第三人称单数 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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78
ferocious
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| adj.凶猛的，残暴的，极度的，十分强烈的 | |
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79
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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80
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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81
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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82
allied
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| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
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83
canines
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| n.犬齿( canine的名词复数 )；犬牙；犬科动物 | |
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84
canine
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| adj.犬的，犬科的 | |
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85
tusks
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| n.（象等动物的）长牙( tusk的名词复数 )；獠牙；尖形物；尖头 | |
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86
uncouthness
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87
hippopotamus
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| n.河马 | |
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88
remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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89
pellucid
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| adj.透明的，简单的 | |
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90
bristles
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| 短而硬的毛发，刷子毛( bristle的名词复数 ) | |
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91
ponderous
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| adj.沉重的，笨重的，(文章)冗长的 | |
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92
elongated
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| v.延长，加长( elongate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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93
caterpillar
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| n.毛虫，蝴蝶的幼虫 | |
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94
gregarious
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| adj.群居的，喜好群居的 | |
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95
huddled
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| 挤在一起（huddle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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96
timorous
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| adj.胆怯的，胆小的 | |
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97
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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98
bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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99
grunt
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| v.嘟哝；作呼噜声；n.呼噜声，嘟哝 | |
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100
susceptible
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| adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的 | |
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101
calf
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| n.小牛，犊，幼仔，小牛皮 | |
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102
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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103
expressive
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| adj.表现的，表达…的，富于表情的 | |
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104
abject
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| adj.极可怜的，卑屈的 | |
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105
boundless
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| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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106
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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107
shamefully
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| 可耻地； 丢脸地； 不体面地； 羞耻地 | |
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108
misused
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| v.使用…不当( misuse的过去式和过去分词 )；把…派作不正当的用途；虐待；滥用 | |
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109
artifice
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| n.妙计，高明的手段；狡诈，诡计 | |
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110
cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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111
promontory
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| n.海角；岬 | |
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112
scent
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| n.气味，香味，香水，线索，嗅觉；v.嗅，发觉 | |
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113
crouching
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| v.屈膝，蹲伏( crouch的现在分词 ) | |
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114
underneath
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| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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115
liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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116
anecdote
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| n.轶事，趣闻，短故事 | |
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117
entangled
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| adj.卷入的；陷入的；被缠住的；缠在一起的v.使某人（某物/自己）缠绕，纠缠于（某物中），使某人（自己）陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）( entangle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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118
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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119
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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120
stratagem
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| n.诡计，计谋 | |
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121
noose
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| n.绳套，绞索（刑）；v.用套索捉；使落入圈套；处以绞刑 | |
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122
enticed
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| 诱惑，怂恿( entice的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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123
deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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124
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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125
triumphantly
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| ad.得意洋洋地；得胜地；成功地 | |
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126
dint
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| n.由于，靠；凹坑 | |
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127
stifled
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| （使）窒息， （使）窒闷( stifle的过去式和过去分词 )； 镇压，遏制； 堵 | |
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128
exhaled
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| v.呼出，发散出( exhale的过去式和过去分词 )；吐出（肺中的空气、烟等），呼气 | |
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129
hibernate
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| v.冬眠，蛰伏 | |
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130
nutritious
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| adj.有营养的，营养价值高的 | |
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131
prodigiously
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| adv.异常地，惊人地，巨大地 | |
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132
alimentary
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| adj.饮食的，营养的 | |
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133
seclusion
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| n.隐遁，隔离 | |
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134
morsel
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| n.一口，一点点 | |
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135
hoards
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| n.（钱财、食物或其他珍贵物品的）储藏，积存( hoard的名词复数 )v.积蓄并储藏（某物）( hoard的第三人称单数 ) | |
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136
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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137
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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138
chisel
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| n.凿子；v.用凿子刻，雕，凿 | |
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139
relish
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| n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味 | |
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140
gnawed
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| 咬( gnaw的过去式和过去分词 )； （长时间） 折磨某人； （使）苦恼； （长时间）危害某事物 | |
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141
masticate
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| v.咀嚼 | |
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142
gull
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| n.鸥；受骗的人；v.欺诈 | |
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143
penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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144
latitudes
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| 纬度 | |
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145
looms
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| n.织布机( loom的名词复数 )v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的第三人称单数 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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146
gulls
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| n.鸥( gull的名词复数 )v.欺骗某人( gull的第三人称单数 ) | |
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147
revel
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| vi.狂欢作乐，陶醉；n.作乐，狂欢 | |
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148
animation
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| n.活泼，兴奋，卡通片／动画片的制作 | |
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149
solitudes
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| n.独居( solitude的名词复数 )；孤独；荒僻的地方；人迹罕至的地方 | |
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150
mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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